JP4589007B2 - 多軸ジョイスティックおよびそのためのトランスデューサー手段 - Google Patents
多軸ジョイスティックおよびそのためのトランスデューサー手段 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4589007B2 JP4589007B2 JP2003585063A JP2003585063A JP4589007B2 JP 4589007 B2 JP4589007 B2 JP 4589007B2 JP 2003585063 A JP2003585063 A JP 2003585063A JP 2003585063 A JP2003585063 A JP 2003585063A JP 4589007 B2 JP4589007 B2 JP 4589007B2
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Description
I. 技術分野
本発明は、コンピュータの制御、コンピュータ援用設計の分野におけるコンピュータ・グラフィックス・アプリケーションの制御、コンピュータ・ゲームの制御、及び建設機器、ロボット・マニピュレータ、車両等の機械の制御(これらに限定されない)に用いられるジョイスティック等の多軸入力装置に関する。ここに開示される多軸光学式位置トランスデューサは、特に小サイズ或いは低コストが重要である他の多くの分野に応用され得るものである。
商業的に成立し得る6軸ジョイスティックを開発するために多くの試みが為されてきた。従来技術のデザインは複雑であったので、コンピュータ援用設計や他の高価値の産業アプリケーション或いは商業アプリケーションに限って手ごろであるに過ぎないような高価な製品がもたらされた。“SpaceOrb(登録商標)”は、スペーステックIMC社(Spacetec IMC Corporation)により開発されて1990年代後半の数年間にわたってコンピュータゲーミング周辺装置として販売されたものであるが、おそらくは複雑であること、及びおよそ50ドルから100ドルの小売価格に比べての製造コストの故に、結局は中止されてしまった。刊行日付けでスペーステックIMC社に譲渡されたスペーステックのSpaceOrb(登録商標)に関連する特許は、ヒルトン(Hilton)の米国特許第5,591,924号、ヒルトンらの米国特許第5,706,027号、ヒルトンらの米国特許第5,798,748号を含む。ヒルトンには、刊行日付けでスペーシャルシステムズPty社(Spatial Systems Pty Limited)に譲渡された同じ分野の前の特許、米国特許第4,811,608号、も与えられた。ロジテック(Logitech)(これはスペーステックIMC社を買収したかも知れない)により現在提供されている6軸装置は、Spaceball(登録商標)及びSpacemouse(登録商標)を含むが、これらの2002年1月の小売価格はそれぞれ500ドルであった。
上記目的を達成するように設計された種々の実施態様は次のように要約される。
V. 発明を実施する方法
多軸入力トランスデューサ装置は、少なくとも5個の基準座標系に関して入力可能な少なくとも5連入力エレメントと、結局は反射エレメントに入射する放射を発することのできる放射源からの放射に応答する反射エレメントと、前記反射エレメントからの放射に応答する少なくとも1つの反射放射検出器とを含むことができる。反射という用語は、前記放射の屈折を含むように広く使われる。図1a(平面図)、1b(断面立面図)、1c(切り欠き透視図)、1d(立面図)、及び1e(分解図)を参照すると、本発明に従う6軸ジョイスティックの好ましい実施態様が示されている。アクティブ・グリップ1は、反射ファセット2a、2b、2c、2d、2e及び2fを組み込むことができる。前記反射ファセット又は反射器は、それぞれ光源又は放射源4(これは発光ダイオードであって良い)からの光を1つの特定の箇所の光検出エレメント又は他の反射放射センサーへ反射するように整列させられて良い。前記光検出エレメントは、フォトダイオード、フォトトランジスター、光抵抗器又はその他の適切な光検出手段、又は例えばASIC(アプリケーション専用集積回路チップ)などの他の箇所にあるその様な検出手段に通じる光ファイバー・ポートであって良い。アクティブ・グリップ1は、コイルバネ10などの復元エレメントにより定位置に保持され得るものであり、これは凹所11によりアクティブ・グリップ内に且つ凹所12によりベース3に、角度的に位置決めされ得る。光バッフル6等の手段を用いて、光源4による検出器5a,5b,5c,5d,5e及び5fの直接照明を防止することができる。前記光バッフル6は、例えばはんだ付け中に前記光源4及びおそらく光検出器5a,5b,5c,5d,5e及び5fを位置決めし、向きを決める上で役立つように構成されても良い。前記バッフル6を用いてネジ7により印刷回路基板13を定位置に保つことができる。おそらくアクティブ・グリップ1内の反射エレメント及び光源4と関連する光検出器5a,5b,5c,5d,5e及び5f等の光学エレメントの測定範囲の中にアクティブ・グリップ1の最大行程がとどまるように、又おそらくバネ10等の復元手段の弾性域内に且つ可動コンポーネント及び不動コンポーネントの間の種々の機械的クリアランスの中に前記最大行程がとどまるように、アクティブ・グリップの行程を制限するために、ネジ8又はピン等の何らかの保持手段を設けることができる。前記保持手段8と、関連するレセプタクル9との接触特性は、摩擦減少エレメント及び/又はコーティング或いはブッシュ等のエネルギー吸収エレメントにより最適化され得る。図1a及び1dを参照すると、光路14は、放射平面内にあってはならなくて、種々のミラー・ファセットの位置及び方位により制御され得る経路をたどることができる。この構成により、6個の光検出器への光路の長さ及びアライメントは、x、y、z、Θx、Θy、及びΘz自由度におけるアクティブ・グリップの位置を一義的に定めることができる。一般に、輝度も、実効光路距離の逆二乗として変化するであろう。ミラー・ファセット位置に関しての輝度の感度は、ミラー・ファセットの、前記ミラー・ファセットの表面に対して垂直な軸に沿う運動について最大であろう。前記ミラー・ファセットに対して垂直な前記軸は、仮想八面体ヘキサポッド或いは“スチュワート・プラットフォーム”を含むことができる。前記第1軸に対して垂直などの軸に沿う運動も光路長さ又は輝度に対して影響を全く与えないであろう。極端な運動は、もちろん、前記ミラー・ファセットを前記光路外へ移す可能性があるけれども、その様な極端な運動は不要であろうし、実際には機械的ストップによって防止されるであろう。前記ミラー・ファセットに対して垂直な軸の回りの角運動は、前記光路に対して影響を与えないであろう。前記ミラー・セグメントの平面内にある軸の回りの角運動は、単に前記光路の反射箇所を横に移動させるだけであって、光路距離に対しては無視し得る二次的影響を及ぼすに過ぎない。
VI. 参考文献のリスト
米国特許書類
Claims (33)
- 少なくとも6個の基準座標系に関する入力を受信することが可能な入力エレメントと、
前記入力の受信中に、放射を発することが可能な放射源からの放射を反射する複数の反射器であって、前記放射は、前記複数の反射器に入射される、複数の反射器と、
複数の反射放射検出器であって、前記複数の反射放射検出器のそれぞれは、前記複数の反射器のうちの1つに対応しており、前記複数の反射放射検出器のそれぞれは、前記複数の反射器のうちの前記対応する1つからの放射を検出する、複数の反射放射検出器と、
前記放射源からの放射が入射される複数の比較的非反射性のエレメントであって、前記少なくとも1つの比較的非反射性のエレメントのそれぞれは、前記複数の反射器のうちの少なくとも1つに隣接している、複数の比較的非反射性のエレメントと
を含み、
前記複数の比較的非反射性のエレメントのそれぞれは、前記少なくとも1つの隣接している反射器のそれぞれと共に少なくとも1つの境界を形成し、前記少なくとも1つの境界において、反射性から比較的非反射性への変化があり、
前記複数の比較的非反射性のエレメントのそれぞれと前記少なくとも1つの隣接している反射器との前記少なくとも1つの境界に直交する方向における前記放射の移動に前記入力が影響を与える場合に、前記複数の反射放射検出器のうちの少なくとも1つによって受信される反射された放射の明るさが変化する、多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。 - 前記少なくとも1つの境界は、少なくとも1つの急な境界を含む、請求項1に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記放射源は、電磁放射源を含む、請求項1に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記少なくとも6個の基準座標系は、少なくとも3個の並進運動基準座標系を含む、請求項1に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記少なくとも6個の基準座標系は、少なくとも3個の回転座標系を含む、請求項1に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記少なくとも6個の基準座標系は、3個の並進運動基準座標系と3個の回転基準座標系とを含む、請求項1に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 少なくとも1つの境界は、少なくとも2つの境界を含む、請求項1に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記少なくとも2つの境界は、少なくとも2つの実質的に直交する境界を含む、請求項7に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記少なくとも2つの境界は、ジグザグ形になっている、請求項7に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記複数の反射器は、前記放射源に関して半径方向外に確立されている、請求項1に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記入力エレメントは、ジョイスティックを含む、請求項1に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記反射器は、反射性のファセットを含む、請求項1に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 複数の内部の反射器に入射される放射を発する放射源を含むジョイスティックであって、前記複数の内部の反射器のそれぞれが、オペレータからの変化する入力に応答して、少なくとも6自由度で変化する態様で、変化する反射光学信号を対応する反射放射センサーに反射し、前記対応する反射放射センサーは、前記変化する反射光学信号の少なくとも一部を感知し、前記放射源および前記複数の内部の反射器は、少なくとも6自由度で互いに対して移動することが可能である、ジョイスティック。
- 前記放射源は、可視光放射源を含む、請求項13に記載のジョイスティック。
- 前記変化する反射光学信号は、イメージ感知エレメントのアレイに入射したイメージとして検出される、請求項13に記載のジョイスティック。
- 前記対応する反射放射センサーのそれぞれは、光検出器を含み、前記放射源は、時間的に順序付けされた複数の発光体を含む、請求項13に記載のジョイスティック。
- 少なくとも6個の基準座標系に関する入力を受信することが可能な入力エレメントと、
複数の内部の反射器であって、前記複数の内部の反射器のそれぞれは、
(a)前記入力が放射源に対する前記複数の内部の反射器の移動を引き起こし、
(b)前記放射源から入力非依存の放射を受信するように
確立されている複数の内部の反射器と、
複数の反射放出検出器であって、前記複数の反射放射検出器のそれぞれは、前記複数の内部の反射器のうちの1つに対応している、複数の反射放射検出器と
を含み、
前記放射源は、前記複数の内部の反射器に入射される放射を発することが可能であり、
前記複数の反射放射検出器のそれぞれは、前記複数の内部の反射器のうちの対応する1つによって反射された放射を受信するように確立されている、多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。 - 前記入力エレメントは、少なくとも6個の基準座標系に関する入力を受信することが可能な少なくとも6連の入力エレメントを含む、請求項17に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記放射源は、電磁放射源を含む、請求項17に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記少なくとも6個の基準座標系は、少なくとも3個の並進運動基準座標系を含む、請求項17に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記少なくとも6個の基準座標系は、少なくとも3個の回転座標系を含む、請求項17に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記少なくとも6個の基準座標系は、3個の並進運動基準座標系と3個の回転基準座標系とを含む、請求項17に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記放射源からの放射が入射される複数の比較的非反射性のエレメントをさらに含む、請求項17に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記複数の比較的非反射性のエレメントのそれぞれは、少なくとも1つの隣接している内部の反射器と共に少なくとも1つの急な境界を形成し、前記少なくとも1つの急な境界において、反射性から比較的非反射性への急な変化がある、請求項23に記載の多軸トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記複数の比較的非反射性のエレメントのうちの少なくとも1つの前記少なくとも1つの急な境界は、少なくとも2つの急な境界を含む、請求項24に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記少なくとも2つの急な境界は、少なくとも2つの実質的に直交する急な境界を含む、請求項25に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記少なくとも2つの急な境界は、ジグザグ形になっている、請求項25に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記複数の反射器は、前記放射源に関して半径方向外に確立されている、請求項17に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記入力エレメントは、ジョイスティックを含む、請求項17に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記複数の内部の反射器のそれぞれは、環状の反射性のエレメントを形成している、請求項17に記載の多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記複数の内部の反射器のそれぞれは、前記入力が前記複数の反射放射検出器のうちの対応する1つに対する前記複数の内部の反射器のそれぞれの移動を引き起こすようにさらに確立されている、請求項17に記載の多軸トランスデューサ装置。
- 前記内部の反射器は、内部のミラー・ファセットを含む、請求項17に記載の多軸トランスデューサ装置。
- 少なくとも6個の基準座標系に関する入力を受信することが可能な入力エレメントと、
前記放射源からの入力非依存の放射を受信するように確立されている環状の反射性のエレメントと、
複数の反射放射検出器であって、前記環状の反射性のエレメントによって反射される放射を受信するように確立される複数の反射放射検出器と
を含み、
前記放射源は、前記環状の反射性のエレメントに入射される放射を発することが可能であり、
前記環状の反射性のエレメントは、前記放射源を囲むように確立されている、多軸入力トランスデューサ装置。
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-
2003
- 2003-04-14 JP JP2003585063A patent/JP4589007B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-14 CN CN038134829A patent/CN1692401B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-14 AU AU2003224982A patent/AU2003224982A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-14 WO PCT/US2003/011614 patent/WO2003088204A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-04-14 EP EP03721682.7A patent/EP1514257A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-04-14 US US10/511,110 patent/US7474296B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2009
- 2009-01-06 US US12/349,359 patent/US8094121B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-02-09 JP JP2009027934A patent/JP2009140520A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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2010
- 2010-12-24 JP JP2010288909A patent/JP5399365B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-24 JP JP2010288911A patent/JP2011100478A/ja active Pending
- 2010-12-24 JP JP2010288910A patent/JP2011086307A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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2012
- 2012-01-10 US US13/347,557 patent/US20120162076A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2013-05-09 US US13/890,794 patent/US8816962B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2005522798A (ja) | 2005-07-28 |
US8816962B2 (en) | 2014-08-26 |
US20050162389A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
US20150153842A1 (en) | 2015-06-04 |
US20090213073A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
US20120162076A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
EP1514257A4 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
EP1514257A1 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
WO2003088204A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
US7474296B2 (en) | 2009-01-06 |
US20130265233A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
JP2009140520A (ja) | 2009-06-25 |
US8094121B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 |
CN1692401A (zh) | 2005-11-02 |
JP2011086307A (ja) | 2011-04-28 |
CN1692401B (zh) | 2011-11-16 |
AU2003224982A1 (en) | 2003-10-27 |
JP2011100478A (ja) | 2011-05-19 |
JP5399365B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
JP2011090707A (ja) | 2011-05-06 |
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