JP4541645B2 - I型癌の診断および治療 - Google Patents
I型癌の診断および治療 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4541645B2 JP4541645B2 JP2002582281A JP2002582281A JP4541645B2 JP 4541645 B2 JP4541645 B2 JP 4541645B2 JP 2002582281 A JP2002582281 A JP 2002582281A JP 2002582281 A JP2002582281 A JP 2002582281A JP 4541645 B2 JP4541645 B2 JP 4541645B2
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- 231100000588 tumorigenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001493 tyrosinyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
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Description
American Cancer Society、Cancer Facts and Figures、1992、米国癌協会、アトランタ、ジョージア州、米国 Claus他(1991)Am J.Hum.Genet.48、232〜242 Easton他(1993)Am.J.Hum.Genet.52、678〜701 Gattoni-Celli & Cole(1996)Seminars in Oncology 23、754〜758 Itoh他(1996)J.Biochem.119、385〜390
6×SSC(クエン酸Na+生理食塩水)
0.5%ドデシル硫酸Na+(SDS)
100μg/ml変性断片化サケ精子DNA
である。ハイブリダイゼーションは68℃で行う。核酸を固定化したナイロン膜は、68℃で1×SSCにより洗浄し、または高ストリンジェンシーの場合は0.1×SSCで洗浄することができる。
3.0Mトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド(TMACl)
0.01Mリン酸Na+(pH6.8)
1mm EDTA(pH7.6)
0.5%SDS
100μg/ml変性断片化サケ精子DNA
0.1%脱脂粉乳
である。
10×増幅緩衝液は、500mM KCl;100mM Tris.Cl(pH8.3、室温);15mM MgCl2;0.1%ゼラチンである。
ヒト乳癌における電位依存性Na+チャネル発現および転移能のアップレギュレーション:細胞系および生検組織に関する相関研究
ヒト乳癌細胞系および乳癌組織での電位依存性Na+チャネル(VGSC)発現について、電気生理学的な、また逆転写ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(RT-PCR)による方法により、相関関係のある手法で調査した。ホールセルパッチクランプ(whole-cell patch-clamp)記録法では、高転移性MDA-MB-231細胞系の29%に脱分極化性化Na+電流が示されたが、低転移性MCF-7細胞には見られなかった。これらの電流は、テトロドトキシン(TTX)抵抗性が大きいものであった。3種のVGSCαサブユニット(VGSCα)遺伝子、SCN5A、SCN8A、およびSCN9Aの発現を、両方の細胞系で判別した。これらの遺伝子のうち2種(SCN5AおよびSCN9A)は、MDA-MB-231細胞でより多量に発現することがわかり、半定量的RT-PCRでは、その発現レベルがscn5a>>scn9a>scn8aと示された。高転移性細胞でのVGSCα発現が非常に高いのは、実際にTTX抵抗性VGSCをもたらすh1またはSkM2とも呼ばれるScn5aの発現が突出して増大する(約1800倍)ことが、大きな原因である。2重盲検で乳癌組織に関して行ったRT-PCRは、SCN5A遺伝子産物の検出と臨床的に評価したリンパ節転移との間に強力な相関関係があることを示した。このため、明らかなリンパ節転移を示すすべての生検材料はscn5aを発現し、その逆の状態も主に真実であった。本発明者等は、VGSCアップレギュレーションが、前立腺癌の場合と同様に乳癌の転移プロセスに不可欠な部分として生じ、転移表現型の新規なマーカーとして働くことができると結論付けた。
乳癌は、世界的に3番目に一般的な癌であり、西欧世界では8人に1人が罹患するという最も一般的な女性の癌である(1、2)。米国では、乳癌が女性の癌死亡率の2番目の原因になっており、これは癌による死亡全体の約10%を占める(3)。乳癌では、その他の癌と同様に、転移がほとんどの患者の死亡の主な原因である。今日まで、いくつかの乳癌転移関連遺伝子が特定されてきた(概説に関しては参考文献2参照)。しかし、腫瘍内血管侵襲、リンパ節での併発の存否、および原発癌のサイズの評価を含めた転移進行の間接的測定は、乳癌の進行を評価するのに依然として最も広く使用されている方法である。電気診断も実施されているが、その細胞的/分子的成因は知られていないままである(4)。
細胞培養
MDA-MB-231細胞およびMCF-7細胞を、4mM L-グルタミンおよび10%ウシ胎仔血清を補ったDulbecco変性イーグル培地(Life Technologies Ltd.、Paisley、UK)で増殖させ、維持した。細胞を、100mM Falcon組織培養皿(Becton Dickinson Ltd.、Plymouth、UK)に接種し、37℃で湿度100%およびCO2 5%のインキュベータ内で増殖させた。
パッチピペット(標準抵抗5〜15MΩ)に、(mM単位で)NaCl 5、KCl 145、MgCl2 2、CaCl2 1、HEPES 10、およびEGTA 11を含有する溶液を満たし、1M KOHでpH7.4に調節した。Axopatch 200B(Axon Instruments)増幅器を使用して、培養中「単離」したと見られる細胞からの、全細胞膜電流を記録した。アナログ信号を、低域Besselフィルターを使用して5KHzでフィルタリングした。信号を5KHzでサンプリングし、Digidata(1200)インターフェースを使用してデジタル化した。全細胞電流のデータ収集および分析を、pClamp(Axon Instruments)ソフトウェアを使用して行った。特に他に指示しない限り、保持電位を-90mVまたは-100mVにしてK+およびNa+電流についてそれぞれ調査した。「全細胞」記録構成が得られた直後に、静止電位を測定した。MDA-MB-231細胞とMCF-7細胞の両方に関する実験を、1〜3日間培養した3つの別個のシャーレで行った。
このプロトコルは、Na+およびK+チャネル活性の電位依存性を調査するのに使用した。細胞は、-70〜+60mVの間で5mVごとに試験電位が減極するようパルス形成した。試験パルス持続時間は40ms(Na+電流)または200ms(K+電流)であり、パルス間は20秒であった。
このプロトコルは、電流増幅に対する薬物の影響をモニタするために使用した。試験パルスは-10mV(Na+電流)または+60mV(K+電流)であった。試験パルス持続時間は40ms(Na+電流)または200ms(K+電流)であり、パルス間は20秒で、5個の反復パルスを使用した。
Alomone Labs Ltd.(Jerusalem、イスラエル)から購入したテトロドトキシン(TTX)を、外部浴溶液に溶かしてストック溶液(×1000)として作製し、-20℃に凍結し、必要に応じて解凍し希釈した。TTXを、ガラス製毛管(チップサイズ約5μm)にバックロードした。次いでこのガラス製毛管を空気圧式ピコポンプ(PV800、WP Instruments)に接続し、マイクロドライブ(Lang-Electronik、Huttenberg、ドイツ)に取り付け、調査中の細胞の約10μm以内に作動させた。
B(%)=[(I後-I前)/I前]×100
各細胞系の2つのバッチから、酸グアニジウムチオシアネート-フェノール-クロロホルム法(20)によってまたは以下に述べるようにして、トータル細胞RNAを単離した。簡単に言うと、IKAホモジナイザーを使用して、細胞を溶液(「A」)中に均質化し、組織0.1g当たり溶液1mが使用されるようにした。溶液Aは、4Mチオシアン酸グアニジニウムと、25mMクエン酸Na+(pH7.0)と、0.5%サルコシルと、0.72%(v/v)β-メルカプトエタノールを含有していた。次いで下記の物質、すなわち2M酢酸Na+(pH4.0)(溶液Aの10%の体積)と、フェノール(溶液Aと等体積)と、クロロホルム(溶液Aの20%の体積)を添加し、10秒間激しく振盪した。遠心分離を4℃で20分間、10,000×gで行った。上澄みを採取して、イソプロパノールで沈澱させた。次いでサンプルを前述のように遠心分離にかけ、ペレットを、溶液Aの初期体積の約30%に再懸濁した。第2のイソプロパノール沈澱を行い、ペレットを75%エタノールで洗浄し、滅菌蒸留水に再懸濁した。
この試験は、縮重プライマースクリーンで見出されたVGSCαがそれぞれの細胞系で本当に発現する(汚染ゲノムDNAからは生成されない)ことを確実にするため、(21)およびGB0021617.6の場合と同様に行った。
反応の動力学的観察に基づくSQT-PCRを、(21)およびGB0021617.6と同様に行った。
(1)画像解析ソフトウェア(デフォルト設定)によって所与のPCR産物をちょうど検出することができる閾値PCRサイクル数(CNt)
(2)反応の指数期が終了するPCRサイクル数(CNe)
を定量化した。
凍結組織の0.1〜0.5gの細片を、滅菌したメスおよび鉗子を使用して小片に細断し、低温のガラスホモジナイザー内に配置した。次いで上述のようにトータル細胞RNAを単離した。RNAの質を、ゲル電気泳動によって予備的に評価し、分光光度分析によって量を決定した。
すべての定量データが正規分布するよう求め、ここでは平均±標準誤差として示す。統計的有意性を、ステューデントt検定またはχ2検定によって適宜決定した。
ヌクレオチドの番号は、scn5a、scn8a、scn9a、およびhCytb5Rのそれぞれに対し、受入番号M77235、AB027567、X82835、Y09501とした。
電気生理学的研究
MDA-MB-231細胞の平均静止電位は-18.9±2.1mV(n=27;範囲-12〜-61mV)であり、これは、MCF-7細胞の場合の-38.9±2.5mV(n=26;範囲-8〜-51mV)という値よりも著しく減極されたものである(p<0.001)。MDA-MB-231細胞の膜容量は28.5±2.7pF(n=35;範囲14.7〜76.6pF)であり、これは、MCF-7細胞の場合の36.9±2.8pF(n=38;範囲13.5〜90.0)という値よりも著しく低いものであった(p<0.05)。
種々の細胞系RNA抽出物に関する縮重プライマースクリーンの結果を表2に示す。2つのVGSCα、すなわちSCN5AとSCN9A VGSCα遺伝子の産物を、高転移性細胞系に対するスクリーンで同定した。これとは対照的に、scn8aは、低転移性MCF-7細胞の縮重スクリーンで見られた唯一のVGSCαであった。Nav1 VGSCαの場合、各VGSCαタイプを表す縮重プライマースクリーンでのクローンの割合は、細胞VGSCα mRNAプール(21)内のそのサブユニットの実際の割合を反映することが、以前から示されている。したがって高転移性細胞の場合、スクリーン結果は、scn5a(56.0±4.0%)がscn9a(12.0±4.0%)およびscn8a(0%)よりも非常に高いレベルで発現したことを示していた(表2)。
結果を、試験したクローンのパーセンテージとして示す(それぞれの場合でn=25)。各スクリーンは、各細胞系からの2つの抽出物の結果である。誤差は、標準誤差を示す。
12個のサンプルから、RNAを首尾よく抽出し、hCytb5R試験陽性であった。一般に、VGSCαおよびhCytb5R対照試験のPCR結果は、合成した異なるcDNAバッチ全体を通して容易に再現可能であった。得られた結果を表3にまとめる。細胞系内で発現することがわかった3つのVGSCαすべてが生検サンプル中に検出され、in vitroモデルのVGSCα発現プロフィルが生体内でも保たれることを確認した。いくつかのSCN8AおよびSCN9A産物(これら遺伝子の異なるスプライス形に相当する;(21))を、サンプル6を除くすべてのサンプルから、hCytb5R対照(図4F)と同様に増幅した(図4DおよびE)。このサンプルから抽出したRNAは、他のサンプルよりも著しく分解する傾向があるが、これはhCytb5R対照産物を増幅するのに必要なPCRサイクルが多数回(30ではなく40サイクル)必要であることから明らかである。しかし、scn8aまたはscn9aの発現とリンパ節転移(LNM)との間には明らかな相関関係がなかった。これとは対照的に、scn5aの発現は、厳密なサンプル依存性があった(図4AおよびB)。これらの試験の明らかな産物すべてをクローニングして配列決定し、これらの産物が完全にSCN5Aから得られたことを確認した。これらのサンプルから得られたscn5a VGSCα配列をGenBankに提出した。
種類:電位依存性ナトリウムチャネルNav1.7(SCN9A遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA
細胞系MDA-MB-231
種類:Nav1.7電位依存性ナトリウムチャネル(SCN9A遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA
細胞系MCF-7
種類:Nav1.6電位依存性ナトリウムチャネル(SCN8A遺伝子)Nav1.6のヒトmRNA
D3新生児スプライス変種、細胞系MDA-MB-231
種類:電位依存性ナトリウムチャネルNav1.6(SCN8A遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA
D3新生児スプライス変種、細胞系MCF-7
種類:電位依存性ナトリウムチャネルNav1.5(SCN5A遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA
D1新生児スプライス変種、細胞系MDA-MB-231
種類:電位依存性ナトリウムチャネルNav1.5(SCN5A遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA
D1新生児スプライス変種、細胞系MCF-7
種類:電位依存性ナトリウムチャネルNav1.5(SCN5A遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA
D1新生児スプライス変種、生検サンプル2
種類:電位依存性ナトリウムチャネルNav1.5(SCN5A遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA
D1新生児スプライス変種、生検サンプル3
種類:電位依存性ナトリウムチャネルNav1.5(SCN5A遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA
D1成体スプライス変種、生検サンプル1
種類:電位依存性ナトリウムチャネルNav1.5(SCN5A遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA
D1成体スプライス変種、生検サンプル7
種類:電位依存性ナトリウムチャネルNav1.5(SCN5A遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA
生検サンプル6
種類:電位依存性ナトリウムチャネルNav1.5(SCN5A遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA
D1:S3エキソンスキップスプライス変種、生検サンプル8
種類:電位依存性ナトリウムチャネルNav1.5(SCN5A遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA
D1新生児プライス変種、生検サンプル4
種類:Nav1.5(scn5a/h1)電位依存性ナトリウムチャネル(SCN5A遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA、D1新生児プライス変種、生検サンプル5
種類:電位依存性ナトリウムNav1.5(SCN5A遺伝子)(SCN5A遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA、細胞系MDA-MB-231
種類:電位依存性ナトリウムNav1.7(SCN9A遺伝子)(SCN9A遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA、細胞系MDA-MB-231
種類:電位依存性ナトリウムNav1.6(SCN8A遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA、細胞系MCF-7
種類:NADH-シトクロームb5レダクターゼ(B5R遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA、細胞系MDA-MB-231
種類:NADH-シトクロームb5レダクターゼ(B5R遺伝子)のヒト部分mRNA、細胞系MCF-7
scn5a MDA-MB-231 SQT-PCR配列
scn5a MCF-7 SQT-PCR配列
scn9a MDA-MB-231 SQT-PCR配列(3UTR)
scn9a MCF-7 SQT-PCR配列(3UTR)
D1新生児エキソンの外側で得られた配列において、公開されている配列(GenBank M77235)とは3ヌクレオチドが異なる:689/690(CTからGC)の相違は、アミノ酸位置180でグリシン残基の代わりにアラニンを使用する(すべての番号付けはM77235に従う)。その他すべての電位依存性ナトリウムチャネルαサブユニット遺伝子は、この残基でグリシンを有し、したがって、公開されている配列(M77235)はこの位置で配列誤差を含む可能性が最も高い。992(TからC)の相違はアミノ酸配列を変化させず、SCN5A遺伝子に天然のサイレント(silent)多形を示す。
本発明者等が以前公開した配列[前立腺癌細胞系のSCN8A](GenBank AJ276141およびAJ276142)に対し、異なるヌクレオチドはない。
公開されている配列(GenBank X82835)に対し、異なるヌクレオチドはない。
これは臨床上重要である。これは、scn5aの明らかな選択的スプライス形がこの位置に存在することが、最初に報告されたものである。SCN5A遺伝子構造については、ヒトゲノムライブラリーをプローブするためにscn5a cDNA配列を使用して以前から調査されているが(Wang他、1996)、D1S3に対する選択的エキソンは見つかっていない。これはおそらくハイブリダイズしたcDNAが、新生児形態ではなく既知の成体のものだからと考えられる。Scn5a新生児形態は、以前公開された成体形態(Gellens他、1992;GenBank M77235)に対し、この保存エキソンにおける92ヌクレオチドの31が異なっている。新生児SCN5A形におけるこれら31ヌクレオチドの相違によって、7アミノ酸が置換されることになるが、これは今まで調査してきた他のVGSCαサブユニット遺伝子に関して観察されるよりもはるかに多いものである。
(1)scn5a新生児形では、成体形のアスパラギン酸残基を非荷電アミノ酸ではなく正荷電リシン残基で置換した。
(2)新生児scn5aにおける31ヌクレオチドの相違により7アミノ酸が置換されるが、これは、以前調査したD1S3での選択的スプライシングにより他のVGSCα遺伝子で観察された1〜2アミノ酸置換よりもはるかに多いものである。
(+)は特異的産物が得られたことを示し、(-)は特異的産物が増幅されなかったことを示し、NTは試験を行わなかったことを示し、NDは腫瘍グレードが決定されなかったことを示す。PCR試験は、scn5a、scn8a、およびscn9aのそれぞれについて、最大55、50、および50サイクルにわたり行った。hCytb5R試験は、40サイクルを使用したサンプル6(*で示す)を除き、30サイクルにわたって行った。臨床上の評価、リンパ節転移(LNM)および腫瘍グレードもそれぞれの場合について示す。LNM(+)の場合、括弧内の値は、陽性であると決定されたリンパ節の数/検査した節の数を示す。
本発明の研究では、(i)低転移性ではなく高転移性の乳癌細胞がVGS電流を示し(ほぼ全体が耐TTX(TTX-R)成分からなる)、(ii)特定のTTX-R VGSCα遺伝子、SCN5Aは、高転移性細胞内に広く発現するが低転移性細胞では非常に低いレベルでしか発現せず、(iii)生検サンプル中のscn5a発現は、臨床的に評価したリンパ節転移と強力な相関関係があることを示した。さらに、VGSCが高レベルで発現するとき、逆に細胞系で外向き電流が大幅に低下し、比較的減極された静止電位になる。併せると、これらの特徴によって、転移性細胞膜が潜在的に被刺激性になり、それに合わせて機能亢進的な振舞いが生じる。
2つの細胞系から得られた低転移性および高転移性乳癌細胞でのVGSCα発現のプロフィル(図5)は、生検組織に関して行ったPCRの結果と一致している。細胞系内で見られた3種のVGSCαすべては、組織サンプル中で発現することがわかり、主なscn5a型の発現は、外科手術上特徴付けられた転移と強力に相関していた。
複数のVGSCα遺伝子の発現を、両方の乳癌細胞系で決定したが、これは図5に示す相対的VGSCα発現プロフィルと一致するものである。簡単に言うと、scn8aのレベルは両方の細胞系で類似しているが非常に低く、一方、scn5aおよびscn9aは、MDA-MB-231細胞系で著しく高かった。特にscn5a発現は、これらの細胞におけるVGSCαの>80%を占めた。SCN5AのD1新生児スプライス形は、上記で論じたように、臨床上重要なものである。複数のVGSCα発現は、転移能が異なるラットおよびヒトの前立腺癌細胞系にも見られた(21)。薬理学的データ(TTX阻止)は、MDA-MB-231細胞で検出されたVGS電流が、主にTTX-R(IC50>1μM)であることを示していた。これは、TTX-R scn5a VGSCαが主チャネルである、決定されたこれらの細胞のmRNA発現プロフィルと一致している。発現したが非常に低いレベルであるscn9a VGSCαは(図5)、より低い濃度(100nM)で観察されたTTX選択性に寄与し得るTTX-S電流をもたらした。複数のVGSCα発現で得られる結果については既に論じた(21)。興味深いことに、高転移性と低転移性の両方の乳癌細胞で検出された完全長scn8a産物は、産物サイズによって決定されるように、新生児スプライス形であった(Diss,J.K.J,、非公開の観察)。この形のscn8aは、切断型VGSCαタンパク質をコードし、新生児および被刺激性ではない成体組織に優先的に発現することがわかった(41)。新生児scn8aは、機能的VGSCを生成できず、代わりに「フェイルセーフ(fail-safe)」メカニズムとして働いて、弱く発現する非切断型scn8a VGSCαの機能的発現を妨げると考えられる。生検サンプル中での新生児scn8a mRNAの検出(産物サイズによって決定された;図4D)は、このメカニズムが生体内にも存在することを示している。
この研究結果による多くの態様は、転移能が異なるラットおよびヒトの前立腺癌細胞系で同様の技法(5、6、21)を使用して決定されたものと同様である:(i)高転移性細胞は、比較的減極された静止電位を有していた(6);(ii)VGS電流は、高転移性細胞のサブ集団で検出され(54% MAT-LyLu、10% PC-3、29% MDA-MB-231)、対応する低転移性細胞(AT-2、LNCaP、MCF-7)では決して検出されなかった;(iii)VGSCα mRNAは、高転移能と低転移能の両方の細胞内で検出されたが、高転移性細胞の方がより多く発現した;(iv)複数のVGSCα発現が、すべての細胞で明らかにされた;(v)すべての細胞が、主に非機能性の新生児形態でscn8aを発現した(21);(vi)低転移性細胞に対し、高転移性細胞の方が1000倍以上多く、大量のVGSCα(前立腺癌細胞ではscn9a;乳癌細胞ではscn5a)を発現させた。
本発明以前は、乳癌に罹っているある割合の患者の中に微小転移を検出することが可能であったが、診察時に微小転移のない多くの患者が最終的には経過観察中に顕性転移疾患を発症するので(45)、転移能の可能性に関する間接的な指標のみ利用可能であった。したがってその結果、臨床医は、転移性疾患の発症の可能性を予測するためのより正確な方法を必要とし、VGSCの存在は、この問題に対する多様な手法において、独立した予後パラメーターとしての役割を果たすことができる。今後、より重要性が増すのは、VGSC活性を阻害することができるという潜在的な意味合いであろう。Scn5a VGSCαは、心臓組織におけるscn5aの機能不全が心臓疾患および不整脈のいくつかの形態に複雑に関係しているので(46)、既に多数の抗不整脈薬および抗痙攣薬の特異的標的になっている。
「野生型」と「乳癌カルプリット」であるSCN5A遺伝子の配列に何らかの相違があるか否かという問題は、重要なものである。一般に、配列の相違が発現レベルの相違ほど重要ではないことを示す2つの主な理由があり、すなわち、(a)本発明者等がこれまで得た配列データが同一性を示すこと(しかし本発明者等のデータは、多くても配列全体のわずか17%程度であり、しばしば10%未満を示すことに留意されたい)、および(b)高転移性細胞と低転移性細胞との発現レベルが>1000倍異なることである。併せると、重要なのは配列の相違ではなく発現レベルである(何がその原因であろうとも)と考えられる。当然ながら、癌にとって重要ないくつかの配列の相違がある。試験を行うには、取るに足らない作業ではない遺伝子の完全な配列決定が必要である。機能に大きな変化を引き起こす、VGSC遺伝子内での実に複雑なヌクレオチド変化の例があり、それが病態に至るのである[最近の例についてはJ.Physiol.(2000)529:533〜539参照]。
ヒト前立腺癌でVGSC発現を抑制するためのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドの設計
1.VGSCサブタイプ特異的アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド設計のための可能性ある部位を特定する、現在知られているすべてのVGSCタイプのアラインメント
Claims (13)
- ヒト患者の乳癌の転移性を決定する方法であって、患者からのサンプルが、正常組織サンプルと比較して上昇したレベルのSCN5A電位依存性Na+チャネル核酸またはタンパク質を含有するか否かを決定するステップを含む方法。
- ヒト患者の転移性乳癌を検出する方法であって、患者からのサンプルが、正常組織サンプルと比較して上昇したレベルのSCN5A電位依存性Na+チャネル核酸またはタンパク質を含有するか否かを決定するステップを含む方法。
- ヒト患者の乳癌の転移について予後を予測する方法であって、患者からのサンプルが、正常組織サンプルと比較して上昇したレベルのSCN5A電位依存性Na+チャネル核酸またはタンパク質を含有するか否かを決定するステップを含み、上昇したレベルの前記核酸またはタンパク質が乳癌に転移性があることを示す、方法。
- サンプルが核酸を含有し、前記電位依存性Na+チャネル核酸のレベルを、前記核酸と、前記電位依存性Na+チャネル核酸に選択的にハイブリダイズする核酸とを接触させることによって測定する、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- サンプルがmRNAを含有し、前記核酸が前記電位依存性Na+チャネルmRNAに選択的にハイブリダイズする、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記ハイブリダイズする核酸を検出可能に標識する、請求項4または5に記載の方法。
- 前記選択的にハイブリダイズする核酸が1本鎖である、請求項4から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記選択的にハイブリダイズする核酸が、核酸増幅反応での使用に適する、請求項4から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- サンプルがタンパク質を含有し、前記電位依存性Na+チャネルタンパク質のレベルを測定する、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記タンパク質のレベルを、タンパク質と、前記電位依存性Na+チャネルタンパク質に選択的に結合する抗体とを接触させることによって測定する、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体が、検出可能な標識を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- サンプルが、乳癌の疑いがあるまたは乳癌が見つかった組織のサンプルであるか、あるいは前記組織からの細胞を含有する、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- サンプルが、血液、血清、またはリンパ循環のいずれか1つである、請求項12に記載の方法。
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EP (2) | EP1377680B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4541645B2 (ja) |
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AU (3) | AU2002244862B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2443968A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2002083945A2 (ja) |
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US20090074665A1 (en) | 2009-03-19 |
AU2007254583B2 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
US20100273866A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
WO2002083945A2 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
CA2443968A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
EP1377680A2 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
US20040146877A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
EP2341148A2 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
AU2007254583C1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
WO2002083945A3 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
ATE527375T1 (de) | 2011-10-15 |
EP1377680B1 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
AU2007254583A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
AU2002244862B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
EP2341148A3 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
JP2010063458A (ja) | 2010-03-25 |
US7393657B2 (en) | 2008-07-01 |
JP2004533239A (ja) | 2004-11-04 |
AU2011200879A1 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
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