JP4474564B2 - 減少した放出物のためのディーゼル燃料の配合 - Google Patents
減少した放出物のためのディーゼル燃料の配合 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4474564B2 JP4474564B2 JP2003580454A JP2003580454A JP4474564B2 JP 4474564 B2 JP4474564 B2 JP 4474564B2 JP 2003580454 A JP2003580454 A JP 2003580454A JP 2003580454 A JP2003580454 A JP 2003580454A JP 4474564 B2 JP4474564 B2 JP 4474564B2
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- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 138
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 monocyclic aromatic compound Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052920 inorganic sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005547 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
Description
PEI=156+Z1×(セタン価−49)+Z2×(NR−14)+Z3×(AR−25)+Z4×(T95−315℃)
(式中、
Z1は約0.67〜約1.06の範囲であり、
Z2は約0.9〜約1.28の範囲であり、
Z3は約2.54〜約2.80の範囲であり、
Z4は約0.1〜約0.4の範囲であり、
NRは燃料中のナフテン環含有率の定義された相関であり、
ARは燃料中の芳香族環含有率の定義された相関である)
により定義されたNRおよびAR値、セタン価およびT95を有することを特徴とする。
PEI=156+Z1×(セタン価−49)+Z2×(NR−14)+Z3×(AR−25)+Z4×(T95℃−315)
(式中、
Z1は約0.67〜約1.06の範囲であり、
Z2は約0.9〜約1.28の範囲であり、
Z3は約2.54〜約2.80の範囲であり、
Z4は約0.1〜約0.4の範囲であり、
NRは燃料中のナフテン環含有率の定義された相関であり、
ARは燃料中の芳香族環含有率の定義された相関である)
により配合される。
制御された条件下でのPM放出物のエンジン試験のために5種の燃料を選択した。試験燃料の分子組成を以下の表2に示している。
PEI=156+0.87×(セタン価−49)+1.09×(NR−14)+2.67×(AR−25)+0.2×(T95−315℃)
従来のディーゼル燃料であるJTD−5と比べて高速直接注入(HSDI)機関内で燃料TF−Dを評価した。図2に示したように、TF−Dの煤煙制限完全荷重トルクは、従来のディーゼル燃料であるJTD−5のトルクと比べて中速および高速で約8%高い。TF−Dのこの利点は、高荷重条件で従来の燃料を基準としたこの燃料のより低いPM生成から得られる。
TD−99と呼ばれる従来のディーゼル燃料と比べて多気筒HSDI機関内で「無煙燃焼」の方式で燃料TF−Dを評価した。図3に示したように、TF−Dは、空気/燃料比の広い範囲にわたって従来のディーゼル燃料より低い煤煙およびSOF放出物を生じる。
Claims (19)
- 前記セタン価が50〜55の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料。
- T95が260℃〜320℃の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料。
- 前記燃料が、さらに120wppm未満の硫黄含有率を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料。
- ディーゼル機関を運転するに際して減少した粒子状放出物を示すディーゼル燃料をブレンドする方法であって、
少なくとも第1の燃料ブレンド成分と第2のブレンド成分を選択する工程と、
少なくとも第1の燃料成分と第2の燃料成分のためのAR値およびNR値、セタン価およびT95(℃)を特定する工程と、
少なくとも前記第1の燃料成分と第2の燃料成分をブレンドして、セタン価が45〜60の範囲で、T95が260〜370℃の範囲で、かつ下記の式で示されるPEI(粒子状放出物指数)が100未満であるブレンド燃料を提供する工程とを含むことを特徴とする方法。
PEI=156+0.87×(セタン価−49)+1.09×(NR−14)+2.67×(AR−25)+0.2×(T95−315℃)
(式中、NRは、燃料中のナフテン環含有率の定義された相関であり、ARは、燃料中の芳香族環含有率の定義された相関であり、それぞれ下記の表に従って計算される。)
- 前記セタン価が50〜55の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- T95が260℃〜320℃の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記ブレンド燃料が、さらに120wppm未満の硫黄含有率を有することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記ブレンド燃料が、30wppm未満の硫黄含有率を有することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の燃料を用いて運転しているディーゼル機関からの粒子状放出物を減少させる方法。
- 前記燃料が、少なくとも、1)高EGRレベル運転、2)触媒再生運転、3)高機関トルク運転サイクル期間、4)高高度運転、5)迅速加速運転、6)常温始動条件またはそれらの組み合わせ中に前記機関に供給されることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料が、少なくとも機関トルクが最大機関トルクの60%以上であるときに、前記機関に供給されることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料が、少なくとも排ガスリサイクルレベルが45%以上であるとともに当量比が0.75より大きいときに、前記機関に供給されることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料が、少なくとも前記機関が高車両速度で70RPM/秒を上回る加速速度および低車両速度で250RPM/秒を上回る加速速度で加速されるときに、前記機関に供給されることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記機関が、SCR、NSR、DPF、CRT、DPNRまたはそれらの組み合わせを含む後処理系と合わせて用いられることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料が、少なくとも前記後処理系の入口で測定された排気ガス温度が250℃を下回るときに、前記機関および/または前記後処理系に供給されることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料が、少なくともNSRおよび/またはDPNRのための燃料リッチ再生中に、硝酸塩として貯蔵された窒素原子を窒素分子ガスに転化させるために、前記機関および/または前記後処理系に供給されることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料が、少なくともNSRおよび/またはDPNRのための燃料リッチ再生中に、触媒上で硫酸塩として貯蔵された硫黄原子を気体状硫黄化学種に転化させるために、前記機関および/または前記後処理系に供給されることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記機関が、軽量ディーゼル機関であることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US36694302P | 2002-03-22 | 2002-03-22 | |
US10/393,167 US7208078B2 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2003-03-20 | Diesel fuel formulation for reduced emissions |
PCT/US2003/008585 WO2003083016A2 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2003-03-21 | Diesel fuel formulation for reduced emissions |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005520926A JP2005520926A (ja) | 2005-07-14 |
JP4474564B2 true JP4474564B2 (ja) | 2010-06-09 |
Family
ID=28678176
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003580454A Expired - Fee Related JP4474564B2 (ja) | 2002-03-22 | 2003-03-21 | 減少した放出物のためのディーゼル燃料の配合 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7208078B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1495095B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4474564B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003258614A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2478119C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60327846D1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2327113T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003083016A2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0226726D0 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2002-12-24 | Bp Oil Int | Method |
JP4515797B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-19 | 2010-08-04 | 新日本石油株式会社 | ディーゼルエンジン用潤滑油組成物 |
EP1756252B1 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2016-04-20 | Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd | Use of crude oil derived and gas-to-liquids diesel fuel blends |
NL2007359C2 (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2012-06-05 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | Diesel engine efficiency improvement. |
EP2646529A1 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2013-10-09 | Phillips 66 Company | High cetane petroleum fuels |
WO2012074925A1 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-06-07 | Conocophillips Company | High cetane renewable fuels |
DE102010054362A1 (de) | 2010-12-13 | 2012-06-14 | Lurgi Gmbh | Emissionsarmer synthetischer Kraftstoff zum Betreiben von Dieselkraftmaschinen und Verwendung desselben |
US10480375B2 (en) | 2014-10-28 | 2019-11-19 | Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. | SCR conversion efficiency diagnostics |
CN110753745A (zh) * | 2017-07-03 | 2020-02-04 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 链烷烃粗柴油的用途 |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1803A (en) * | 1840-10-08 | grimes | ||
WO1992014804A1 (en) | 1991-02-26 | 1992-09-03 | Century Oils Australia Pty Limited | Low aromatic diesel fuel |
US5210347A (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1993-05-11 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for the production of high cetane value clean fuels |
US5389112A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1995-02-14 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Low emissions diesel fuel |
US5389111A (en) * | 1993-06-01 | 1995-02-14 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Low emissions diesel fuel |
US6004361A (en) * | 1993-03-05 | 1999-12-21 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Low emissions diesel fuel |
WO1994020593A1 (en) * | 1993-03-05 | 1994-09-15 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Low emissions diesel fuel |
DE69535651T2 (de) | 1994-03-02 | 2008-10-30 | Orr, William C., Denver | Unverbleite treibstoffzusammensetzungen |
US5792339A (en) * | 1994-05-10 | 1998-08-11 | Tosco Corporation | Diesel fuel |
US6296757B1 (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 2001-10-02 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Synthetic diesel fuel and process for its production |
US6461497B1 (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 2002-10-08 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Reformulated reduced pollution diesel fuel |
CA2350408C (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2010-05-04 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Diesel fuel |
US6893475B1 (en) * | 1998-12-08 | 2005-05-17 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low sulfur distillate fuels |
US6096103A (en) * | 1999-06-03 | 2000-08-01 | Leonard Bloom | Alternative fuel for use in a diesel engine-powered emergency generator for intermittent use in fixed installations |
US6222082B1 (en) * | 1999-09-08 | 2001-04-24 | Leonard Bloom | Diesel fuel for use in diesel engine-powered vehicles |
GB9925971D0 (en) | 1999-11-03 | 1999-12-29 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Reduced particulate froming distillate fuels |
-
2003
- 2003-03-20 US US10/393,167 patent/US7208078B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-21 EP EP03745551A patent/EP1495095B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-21 AU AU2003258614A patent/AU2003258614A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-21 WO PCT/US2003/008585 patent/WO2003083016A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-03-21 DE DE60327846T patent/DE60327846D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-21 CA CA2478119A patent/CA2478119C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-21 JP JP2003580454A patent/JP4474564B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-21 ES ES03745551T patent/ES2327113T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60327846D1 (ja) | 2009-07-16 |
EP1495095A2 (en) | 2005-01-12 |
US20030233785A1 (en) | 2003-12-25 |
ES2327113T3 (es) | 2009-10-26 |
WO2003083016A3 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
CA2478119C (en) | 2012-08-14 |
AU2003258614A8 (en) | 2003-10-13 |
JP2005520926A (ja) | 2005-07-14 |
US7208078B2 (en) | 2007-04-24 |
EP1495095B1 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
CA2478119A1 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
WO2003083016A8 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
AU2003258614A1 (en) | 2003-10-13 |
WO2003083016A2 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
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