JP4426907B2 - Soil hardening material - Google Patents
Soil hardening material Download PDFInfo
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- JP4426907B2 JP4426907B2 JP2004176127A JP2004176127A JP4426907B2 JP 4426907 B2 JP4426907 B2 JP 4426907B2 JP 2004176127 A JP2004176127 A JP 2004176127A JP 2004176127 A JP2004176127 A JP 2004176127A JP 4426907 B2 JP4426907 B2 JP 4426907B2
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- magnesium oxide
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims description 98
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 85
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulphate Substances [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 22
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- JXRVKYBCWUJJBP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OS([O-])(=O)=O.OS([O-])(=O)=O JXRVKYBCWUJJBP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 29
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 29
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 15
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkaline-earth metal sulfate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940031958 magnesium carbonate hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Description
本発明は、土壌固化材に関する。 The present invention relates to a soil solidifying material.
水分を大量に含む軟弱な土壌に、酸化マグネシウムや酸化カルシウムなどのアルカリ性材料を添加して、土壌中の水分や無機成分とアルカリ性材料とを反応（水和反応）させることによって、土壌を固化させる技術が知られている。 By adding alkaline materials such as magnesium oxide and calcium oxide to soft soil containing a large amount of water, the water and inorganic components in the soil react with alkaline materials (hydration reaction) to solidify the soil. Technology is known.
酸化カルシウムは、酸化マグネシウムと比べて土壌の固化能力は高いが、強アルカリ性で、しかも水和反応性が高いため、これを土壌に添加すると土壌のｐＨが急激に上昇して、土壌中の重金属が溶出し易くなったり、植物の育成を阻害するなど環境に悪影響を与える恐れがある。この酸化カルシウムの水和反応性を抑制する方法として、酸化カルシウムの表面を水和反応遅延材で被覆する方法が知られている。
特許文献１には、水和反応遅延材として脂肪酸もしくはその誘導体（油脂など）を用いた土壌固化材（土壌改良材）用の酸化カルシウム（生石灰）が開示されている。
Calcium oxide has higher soil solidification capacity than magnesium oxide, but it is strongly alkaline and has high hydration reactivity, so when added to soil, the pH of the soil rises rapidly and heavy metals in the soil May easily leach out and may adversely affect the environment, such as inhibiting plant growth. As a method for suppressing the hydration reactivity of calcium oxide, a method of coating the surface of calcium oxide with a hydration reaction retarding material is known.
Patent Document 1 discloses calcium oxide (quick lime) for a soil solidifying material (soil improving material) using a fatty acid or a derivative thereof (oil or fat) as a hydration reaction retarding material.
一方の酸化マグネシウムは、酸化カルシウムと比べて弱アルカリ性であるものの、水和反応性が低いため、土壌の固化能力がやや劣るという問題がある。この酸化マグネシウムの土壌固化能力を向上させる方法として、酸化マグネシウムに水和反応促進材として硫酸塩を添加する方法が知られている。 On the other hand, magnesium oxide is weakly alkaline as compared with calcium oxide, but has a problem that soil solidification ability is somewhat inferior because of low hydration reactivity. As a method for improving the soil solidification ability of magnesium oxide, a method of adding sulfate as a hydration reaction accelerator to magnesium oxide is known.
特許文献２には、酸化マグネシウム１００質量部に対して、０．５〜３０質量部の硫酸塩を含む土壌固化材が開示されている。そして、硫酸塩の好ましい例として、弱塩基のアルカリ土類金属の硫酸塩（硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸カルシウム）が記載されている。但し、この特許文献２の実施例によれば、酸化マグネシウムと硫酸マグネシウム又は硫酸カルシウムとを添加した土壌は、酸化マグネシウムを単独で添加した土壌と比べて、ｐＨが低い値を示していることから、硫酸マグネシウム及び硫酸カルシウムはアルカリ抑制材としても作用していることがわかる。
上述の酸化マグネシウムと硫酸塩とを含む土壌固化材や水和反応遅延材で被覆された酸化カルシウムは、通常の酸化カルシウムと比べれば、ｐＨの急激な上昇を抑えつつ土壌を固化することができる。しかしながら、一旦、土壌に添加された酸化マグネシウムや酸化カルシウムなどのアルカリ性材料は、長期間にわたって土壌中に残留して土壌をアルカリ性に保持してしまう。このため、少量のアルカリ性材料の添加で土壌を固化させることができれば好ましい。
また、土壌固化材を添加した土壌（固化処理土壌）を埋戻しや盛土として利用する前に固化処理土壌の固化が進行しすぎると、土壌の流動性が低下して作業性の観点から好ましくない。すなわち、固化処理土壌の固化は緩やかに進行する方が好ましい。酸化マグネシウムと硫酸塩とを含む土壌固化材は、硫酸塩（水和反応促進材）の存在により酸化マグネシウムの水和反応性が高くなっているため、土壌の固化速度を遅くするのが難しいという問題がある。酸化マグネシウムの表面を水和反応遅延材で被覆して、その水和反応性を遅延させることは可能であるが、この場合は水和反応遅延材による表面処理の工程が必要となるため製造コストが高くなる。
Calcium oxide coated with the above-mentioned soil solidifying material containing magnesium oxide and sulfate or a hydration reaction retarding material can solidify the soil while suppressing a rapid increase in pH compared to normal calcium oxide. . However, alkaline materials such as magnesium oxide and calcium oxide once added to the soil remain in the soil for a long period of time and keep the soil alkaline. For this reason, it is preferable if the soil can be solidified by adding a small amount of an alkaline material.
Moreover, when the solidification of the solidified soil is excessively advanced before the soil (solidified soil) to which the soil solidifying material is added is used as backfill or embankment, the fluidity of the soil is lowered, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of workability. . That is, it is preferable that solidification of the solidified soil progresses slowly. It is difficult to slow down the solidification rate of soil solidification materials containing magnesium oxide and sulfate because the hydration reactivity of magnesium oxide is high due to the presence of sulfate (hydration reaction accelerator). There's a problem. It is possible to coat the surface of magnesium oxide with a hydration retarder to retard the hydration reactivity, but in this case a surface treatment step with a hydration retarder is required, so the manufacturing cost Becomes higher.
従って、本発明は、少量の添加でも土壌を効果的に固化させることができ、さらに水和反応遅延材を利用しないで土壌の固化速度が遅延された土壌固化材を提供することを主な目的とする。 Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to provide a soil solidifying material that can effectively solidify the soil even when added in a small amount, and further, the solidification rate of the soil is delayed without using a hydration reaction retarding material. And
本発明者は、酸化マグネシウム及び軽焼ドロマイトから選ばれる一種以上のアルカリ性材料と硫酸マグネシウムあるいは硫酸マグネシウムと硫酸カルシウムとの複合物からなる硫酸塩とを含む組成物に、所定量の炭酸カルシウムを加えて、土壌に添加すると、従来の土壌固化材と比べて、アルカリ性材料として少量の添加で土壌を固化することができ、また土壌の固化が緩やかに進行することを見出して、本発明に到達した。 The present inventor has a composition comprising the sulphate salt of a composite product of an alkaline material and magnesium or magnesium and calcium sulfate sulfate on one or more kinds selected from magnesium oxide 及 beauty dolomitic, a predetermined amount When calcium carbonate is added and added to the soil, it is found that the soil can be solidified with a small amount of addition as an alkaline material compared to conventional soil solidifying materials, and that the solidification of the soil proceeds slowly. The invention has been reached.
本発明は、酸化マグネシウム及び軽焼ドロマイトから選ばれる一種以上のアルカリ性材料を２０〜６０質量％、硫酸マグネシウムあるいは硫酸マグネシウムと硫酸カルシウムとの複合物からなる硫酸塩を硫酸根に換算して３〜３５質量％、そして炭酸カルシウムを３０〜６０質量％含む土壌固化材にある。
The present invention is 20 to 60 mass% alkaline material on one or more kinds selected from magnesium oxide 及 beauty dolomitic, converted sulfate comprising a composite of magnesium or magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate in the
本発明の土壌固化材の好ましい態様は、次の通りである。
（１）炭酸カルシウムを、アルカリ性材料の１／２〜３／２質量倍の範囲にて含む。
（２）アルカリ性材料が酸化マグネシウムである。
（３）上記硫酸マグネシウムが、酸化マグネシウムと硫酸との反応生成物である。
（４）上記硫酸マグネシウムと硫酸カルシウムとの複合物が、ドロマイトもしくは軽焼ドロマイトと硫酸との反応生成物である。
The preferable aspect of the soil solidification material of this invention is as follows.
(1) Calcium carbonate is contained in a range of 1/2 to 3/2 times the mass of the alkaline material.
(2) The alkaline material is magnesium oxide.
( 3 ) The magnesium sulfate is a reaction product of magnesium oxide and sulfuric acid.
( 4 ) The composite of magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate is a reaction product of dolomite or light-burned dolomite and sulfuric acid.
本発明の土壌固化材は、従来の土壌固化剤と比べて、アルカリ性材料として少ない添加量で土壌を固化させることができる。また、本発明の土壌固化剤を添加した土壌では、土壌の固化が緩やかに進行する。 The soil-solidifying material of the present invention can solidify the soil with a small addition amount as an alkaline material as compared with conventional soil-solidifying agents. Moreover, in the soil to which the soil solidifying agent of the present invention is added, the solidification of the soil proceeds slowly.
本発明の土壌固化材は、アルカリ性材料を２０〜６０質量％、硫酸塩を硫酸根に換算して３〜２５質量％、そして炭酸カルシウムを３０〜６０質量％含む組成物である。アルカリ性材料の含有量は２５〜５５質量％の範囲にあることが好ましい。硫酸塩の含有量は、硫酸根に換算して５〜２０質量％の範囲にあることが好ましい。炭酸カルシウムの含有量は３５〜５５質量％の範囲にあることが好ましい。
また、炭酸カルシウムの含有量は、アルカリ性材料の１／２〜３／２質量倍の範囲にあることが好ましく、２／３〜４／３質量倍の範囲にあることがより好ましい。硫酸塩の含有量は、アルカリ性材料よりも少ない方が好ましい。硫酸塩の含有量は、硫酸根に換算した値がアルカリ性材料の１／１０〜１／２質量倍の範囲にあることがより好ましい。
The soil solidifying material of the present invention is a composition containing 20 to 60% by mass of an alkaline material, 3 to 25% by mass in terms of sulfate as a sulfate radical, and 30 to 60% by mass of calcium carbonate. The content of the alkaline material is preferably in the range of 25 to 55% by mass. The sulfate content is preferably in the range of 5 to 20% by mass in terms of sulfate radical. The content of calcium carbonate is preferably in the range of 35 to 55% by mass.
The content of calcium carbonate is preferably in the range of 1/2 to 3/2 times by mass of the alkaline material, and more preferably in the range of 2/3 to 4/3 times by mass. The content of sulfate is preferably smaller than that of the alkaline material. The sulfate content is more preferably in the range of 1/10 to 1/2 mass times that of the alkaline material in terms of sulfate radical.
本発明において炭酸カルシウムは、通常の粉末状あるいは粒状の炭酸カルシウムを用いることができる。炭酸カルシウムの粒度は、１００メッシュの篩下が５０質量％以上であることが好ましく、８０質量％以上であることがより好ましい。 In the present invention, normal powdered or granular calcium carbonate can be used as the calcium carbonate. The particle size of the calcium carbonate is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more under a 100 mesh sieve.
本発明においてアルカリ性材料としては、酸化マグネシウム及び軽焼ドロマイトを用いることができる。これらは併用してもよい。アルカリ性材料の粒度は、上記の炭酸カルシウムと同様に、１００メッシュの篩下が５０質量％以上であることが好ましく、８０質量％以上であることがより好ましい。 As the alkaline material in the present invention can be used magnesium oxide 及 beauty dolomitic. It may be used in combination. The particle size of the A alkaline materials, like calcium carbonate described above, preferably under 100 mesh sieve is 50% by mass or more, and more preferably 80 mass% or more.
酸化マグネシウムとしては、炭酸マグネシウム（マグネサイト）や水酸化マグネシウムを焼成して得たものを用いることができる。酸化マグネシウムは、その焼成温度により軽焼酸化マグネシウム（焼成温度：１４００℃以下）と硬焼酸化マグネシウム（焼成温度：１４５０℃以上）とに大別されるが、好ましいのは、軽焼酸化マグネシウムである。酸化カルシウムとしては、炭酸カルシウムや水酸化カルシウム（消石灰）を焼成して得たものを用いることができる。軽焼ドロマイトは、ドロマイト（マグネシウムとカルシウムの複炭酸塩）を７００〜１５００℃の温度で焼成して得られる酸化マグネシウムと酸化カルシウムとの複合物である。 As magnesium oxide, what was obtained by baking magnesium carbonate (magnesite) or magnesium hydroxide can be used. Magnesium oxide is broadly classified into light-burned magnesium oxide (baking temperature: 1400 ° C. or lower) and hard-burned magnesium oxide (baking temperature: 1450 ° C. or higher) depending on the baking temperature. is there. As calcium oxide, what was obtained by baking calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) can be used. Light-burned dolomite is a composite of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide obtained by firing dolomite (magnesium and calcium double carbonate) at a temperature of 700 to 1500 ° C.
本発明において用いる硫酸塩は、硫酸マグネシウムあるいは硫酸マグネシウムと硫酸カルシウムとの複合物である。これらは単独で使用しても、併用してもよい。硫酸塩の粒度は、６０メッシュの篩下が５０質量％以上であることが好ましく、８０質量％以上であることがより好ましい。 Sulfates used in the present invention, Ru composite der of magnesium sulfate or magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate. These may be used alone or in combination. The particle size of the sulfate is preferably 50% by mass or more and more preferably 80% by mass or more under a 60 mesh sieve.
硫酸マグネシウムとしては、粉末状もしくは粒子状の酸化マグネシウム、炭酸マグネシウム及び水酸化マグネシウムなどのマグネシウム化合物と硫酸との硫酸反応生成物を用いることができる。これらの硫酸反応生成物は、全てが硫酸マグネシウムとなっている必要はないが、硫酸根が１０質量％以上、好ましくは２０質量％以上、特に好ましくは３０質量％以上であることが望ましい。
As the magnesium sulfate, a sulfuric acid reaction product of a magnesium compound such as powdered or particulate magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide and sulfuric acid can be used. These sulfuric acid reaction products, although not necessarily has a magnesium sulfate all the
硫酸マグネシウムと硫酸カルシウムとの複合物として、粉末状もしくは粒子状のドロマイト又は軽焼ドロマイトとの硫酸反応生成物を用いることができる。この硫酸反応生成物は、全てが硫酸マグネシウム及び硫酸カルシウムとなっている必要はないが、硫酸根が１０質量％以上、好ましくは２０質量％以上、特に好ましくは３０質量％以上であることが望ましい。 As a composite of magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate, a sulfuric acid reaction product with powdered or particulate dolomite or light-burned dolomite can be used. The sulfuric acid reaction product does not necessarily have to be magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate, but the sulfate radical is preferably 10% by mass or more, preferably 20% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 30% by mass or more. .
本発明の土壌固化材は、炭酸カルシウム、アルカリ性材料、そして硫酸塩を通常の混合装置を用いて混合することによって製造することができる。硫酸塩に上記の硫酸反応生成物を使用する場合は、硫酸反応生成物に含まれる炭酸カルシウムもしくはアルカリ性材料の量を加味して、混合割合を適宜調整する。 The soil solidification material of this invention can be manufactured by mixing calcium carbonate, an alkaline material, and a sulfate using a normal mixing apparatus. When using the above-mentioned sulfuric acid reaction product as the sulfate, the mixing ratio is appropriately adjusted in consideration of the amount of calcium carbonate or alkaline material contained in the sulfuric acid reaction product.
硫酸塩として、酸化マグネシウムの硫酸反応生成物を用いる場合は、この硫酸反応生成物に含まれている酸化マグネシウム量に合わせて、アルカリ性材料と硫酸塩との混合割合を調整する。例えば、硫酸反応生成物中の硫酸根が１０質量％以上含む場合は、アルカリ性材料１０〜６０質量部、硫酸反応生成物２０〜５０質量部、そして炭酸カルシウム３０〜６０質量部を合計で１００質量部となるように混合することが好ましい。 When a sulfuric acid reaction product of magnesium oxide is used as the sulfate, the mixing ratio of the alkaline material and the sulfate is adjusted according to the amount of magnesium oxide contained in the sulfuric acid reaction product. For example, when the sulfate radical in the sulfuric acid reaction product contains 10% by mass or more, 10 to 60 parts by mass of the alkaline material, 20 to 50 parts by mass of the sulfuric acid reaction product, and 30 to 60 parts by mass of calcium carbonate total 100 masses. It is preferable to mix so that it may become a part.
また、硫酸塩に、ドロマイトの硫酸反応生成物を用いる場合は、硫酸反応生成物中の炭酸カルシウム量に合わせて、炭酸カルシウムと硫酸塩との混合割合を調整する。例えば、硫酸反応生成物中の硫酸根が１０質量％以上含む場合は、アルカリ性材料２０〜６０質量部、硫酸反応生成物２０〜５０質量部、そして炭酸カルシウム１０〜６０質量部を合計で１００質量部となるように混合することが好ましい。 When a sulfuric acid reaction product of dolomite is used as the sulfate, the mixing ratio of calcium carbonate and sulfate is adjusted according to the amount of calcium carbonate in the sulfuric acid reaction product. For example, when the sulfate radical in the sulfuric acid reaction product contains 10% by mass or more, 20 to 60 parts by mass of the alkaline material, 20 to 50 parts by mass of the sulfuric acid reaction product, and 10 to 60 parts by mass of calcium carbonate total 100 masses. It is preferable to mix so that it may become a part.
本発明の土壌固化材は、通常の土壌固化材と同様にミキサなどの混合機を用いて軟弱土壌に添加することができる。軟弱土壌に対する土壌固化材の添加量は、土壌の軟弱度（含水率）や土壌固化材の組成によって変動するため一律に定めることはできないが、通常は、土壌１ｍ3に対して２０〜１５０ｋｇ（アルカリ性材料として１０〜１００ｋｇ）の範囲にある。 The soil solidifying material of the present invention can be added to soft soil using a mixer such as a mixer in the same manner as a normal soil solidifying material. The addition amount of the soil hardening agent for soft soil, can not be defined uniformly for varying the composition of the soft degree of soil (water content) and soil solidifying material, usually, 20～150Kg against soil 1 m 3 ( The alkaline material is in the range of 10 to 100 kg).
［実施例１〜２、比較例１］
（１）下記の材料を用いて、土壌固化材を調製した。
・炭酸カルシウム：粒子径１００メッシュ篩９０質量％パス品
・酸化マグネシウム：軽焼天然マグネサイト、粒子径１００メッシュ以下
・酸化マグネシウムと硫酸との反応生成物：酸化マグネシウム（粒子径：１００メッシュ以下）１０００質量部に硫酸水溶液（濃度７０％）６５５質量部を徐々に加えて得た反応生成物を６０メッシュ以下に粉砕したもの（酸化マグネシウム含有量：４７質量％、硫酸マグネシウム含有量：４５質量％）
[Examples 1 and 2, Comparative Example 1]
(1) A soil solidifying material was prepared using the following materials.
-Calcium carbonate: Particle size 100 mesh sieve 90 mass% pass product-Magnesium oxide: Lightly burned natural magnesite, particle size 100 mesh or less-Reaction product of magnesium oxide and sulfuric acid: Magnesium oxide (particle size: 100 mesh or less) A reaction product obtained by gradually adding 655 parts by mass of an aqueous sulfuric acid solution (
（２）土壌固化材の調製
上記（１）の材料を、下記の表１に示す配合割合で混合して土壌固化材を得た。土壌固化材の配合割合と組成比とを表１に示す。なお、比較例１で得られた土壌固化材は、前記特開２００３−１９３０５０号公報に開示されている土壌固化材に相当する。
(2) Preparation of soil solidification material The material of said (1) was mixed with the mixture ratio shown in following Table 1, and the soil solidification material was obtained. Table 1 shows the blending ratio and composition ratio of the soil-solidifying material. The soil solidifying material obtained in Comparative Example 1 corresponds to the soil solidifying material disclosed in JP-A-2003-193050.
（３）土壌の固化処理
軟弱土壌(関東ローム、含水率：１１０質量％、湿潤密度：１．３９４ｇ／ｃｍ3、乾燥密度：０．５８２ｇ／ｃｍ3、ｐＨ：８．０）１ｍ3に、上記（２）で得られた土壌固化材を、それぞれ４０ｋｇ／ｍ3、８０ｋｇ／ｍ3の割合で混合して固化処理土壌を調製した。この固化処理土壌の強度とｐＨの評価結果を表１に示す。土壌の強度はコーン指数により評価した。コーン指数とｐＨは、下記の方法により測定した。
(3) Solidification treatment of soil Soft soil (Kanto loam, moisture content: 110 mass%, wet density: 1.394 g / cm 3 , dry density: 0.582 g / cm 3 , pH: 8.0) to 1 m 3 soil consolidated material obtained in the above (2), and the respective 40kg / m 3, 80kg / m 3 solidification soil were mixed at a ratio of was prepared. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the strength and pH of the solidified soil. Soil strength was evaluated by corn index. The corn index and pH were measured by the following methods.
コーン指数の測定方法：
ＪＧＳ−０７１６「締固めた土のコーン指数試験方法」に準じて供試体を作製し、これを密閉容器に収納して恒温恒湿室（２０℃、８０％ＲＨ）にて保存して、材令７日後と２８日後にコーン指数を測定した。なお、コーン指数は、４００ｋＮ／ｍ3以上であることが好ましい。
Cone index measurement method:
A specimen was prepared in accordance with JGS-0716 “Consolidated soil cone index test method”, stored in a sealed container, and stored in a constant temperature and humidity chamber (20 ° C., 80% RH). The corn index was measured after 7 and 28 days. The cone index is preferably 400 kN / m 3 or more.
ｐＨの測定方法：
固化処理土壌を、密閉容器に収納して恒温恒湿室（２０℃、８０％ＲＨ）にて保存して材令７日後と２８日後に、ＪＧＳ−０２１１「土懸濁液のｐＨ試験方法」に準拠した方法で、非乾燥法によって得られた試料１０ｇを純水５０ｇに投入して１時間攪拌後、１時間静置し、その水のｐＨを測定した。
Method for measuring pH:
The solidified soil is stored in a sealed container and stored in a constant temperature and humidity chamber (20 ° C., 80% RH), and after 7 and 28 days of material age, JGS-0211 “Soil suspension pH test method” 10 g of a sample obtained by the non-drying method was put into 50 g of pure water, stirred for 1 hour, allowed to stand for 1 hour, and the pH of the water was measured.
表１
────────────────────────────────────────
実施例１ 実施例２ 比較例１
────────────────────────────────────────
［土壌固化材の配合割合（質量部）］
炭酸カルシウム ４０ ５０ ０
酸化マグネシウム ３０ ３０ ５０
酸化マグネシウムと硫酸との反応生成物 ３０ ２０ ５０
────────────────────────────────────────
［土壌固化材の組成比（質量％）］
炭酸カルシウム ４０ ５０ ０
酸化マグネシウム ４４ ３９ ７４
硫酸マグネシウム １４ ９ ２２
（硫酸根） （１１） （７．２） （１７．６）
────────────────────────────────────────
土壌固化材の添加量：４０ｋｇ／ｍ3
［コーン指数（ｋＮ／ｍ3）］
材令 ７日 ８１８ ５２６ ２５８６
材令２８日 ９２３ ６３１ ２６８８
［ｐＨ（−）］
材令 ７日 ８．３ ８．５ ８．７
材令２８日 ８．１ ８．２ ８．５
土壌固化材の添加量：８０ｋｇ／ｍ3
［コーン指数（ｋＮ／ｍ3）］
材令 ７日 ４７０５ ３２１４ １１９８１
材令２８日 ５４３５ ３５３６ １１６３０
［ｐＨ（−）］
材令 ７日 ８．４ ８．５ ８．７
材令２８日 ８．２ ８．２ ８．６
────────────────────────────────────────
Table 1
────────────────────────────────────────
Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1
────────────────────────────────────────
[Mixing ratio of soil solidification material (parts by mass)]
Reaction product of magnesium oxide and
────────────────────────────────────────
[Composition ratio (mass%) of soil solidification material]
Magnesium oxide 44 39 74
Magnesium sulfate 14 9 22
(Sulfate radical) (11) (7.2) (17.6)
────────────────────────────────────────
Amount of soil solidification material added: 40 kg / m 3
[Cone index (kN / m 3 )]
7th 818 526 2586
28th 923 631 2688
[PH (−)]
Material age 7th 8.3 8.5 8.7
Material age 28th 8.1 8.2 8.5
Amount of soil solidifying material added: 80 kg / m 3
[Cone index (kN / m 3 )]
Material age 7th 4705 3214 11981
Material age 28th 5435 3536 11630
[PH (−)]
Material age 7th 8.4 8.5 8.7
Material age 28th 8.2 8.2 8.6
────────────────────────────────────────
表１のコーン指数の材令７日と材令２８日の結果を比べると、実施例１及び実施例２の固化処理土壌は、材令２８日のコーン指数が材令７日のコーン指数よりも約１０％以上高くなっており、土壌の固化が緩やかに進行していることがわかる。また、実施例１及び実施例２の固化処理土壌は、比較例１の固化処理土壌よりもｐＨが低いことがわかる。
また、図１に、実施例１、実施例２及び比較例１の固化処理土壌に添加した酸化マグネシウム量とその固化処理土壌のコーン指数との関係をグラフで示す。この図１のグラフから、実施例１及び実施例２で調製した固化処理土壌は、比較例１で調製した土壌固化材と比べて、少量の酸化マグネシウムの添加で土壌のコーン指数を高める効果があることがわかる。
Comparing the results of the corn index 7th and 28th of the corn index in Table 1, the solidified soil of Example 1 and Example 2 has a corn index on the 28th of the corn index of 7th Is higher by about 10% or more, indicating that the solidification of the soil is proceeding slowly. Moreover, it turns out that pH of the solidified soil of Example 1 and Example 2 is lower than the solidified soil of Comparative Example 1.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of magnesium oxide added to the solidified soil of Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Example 1 and the corn index of the solidified soil. From the graph of FIG. 1, the solidified soil prepared in Example 1 and Example 2 has an effect of increasing the corn index of the soil with the addition of a small amount of magnesium oxide, compared with the soil solidified material prepared in Comparative Example 1. I know that there is.
［実施例３、比較例２］
（１）下記の材料を用いて、土壌固化材を調製した。
・炭酸カルシウム：粒子径１００メッシュ篩９０質量％パス
・酸化マグネシウム：軽焼天然マグネサイト、粒子径１００メッシュ以下
・ドロマイトと硫酸との反応生成物：ドロマイト（粒子径：１００メッシュ以下）１０００質量部に硫酸水溶液（濃度７０％）６５５質量部を徐々に加えて得た反応生成物を６０メッシュ以下に粉砕したもの（硫酸根：３６質量％）
[Example 3, Comparative Example 2]
(1) A soil solidifying material was prepared using the following materials.
-Calcium carbonate: Particle size 100 mesh sieve 90 mass% pass-Magnesium oxide: Lightly burned natural magnesite, particle size 100 mesh or less-Reaction product of dolomite and sulfuric acid: 1000 parts by mass of dolomite (particle size: 100 mesh or less) Pulverized reaction product obtained by gradually adding 655 parts by mass of sulfuric acid aqueous solution (
（２）土壌固化材の調製
上記（１）の材料を、下記の表２に示す配合割合で混合して土壌固化材を得た。
(2) Preparation of soil solidification material The material of said (1) was mixed with the mixture ratio shown in following Table 2, and the soil solidification material was obtained.
（３）土壌の固化処理
前記実施例１〜２で用いた軟弱土壌１ｍ3に、上記（２）で得られた土壌固化材を、３０ｋｇ／ｍ3、６０ｋｇ／ｍ3及び９０ｋｇ／ｍ3の割合で混合して、固化処理土壌を調製した。この固化処理土壌のコーン指数とｐＨとを前記の方法により測定した。その結果を表２に示す。なお、表２に示したコーン指数とｐＨはいずれも材令２８日後の値である。
(3) Solidification treatment of soil The soil solidification material obtained in (2) above was applied to 1 m 3 of soft soil used in Examples 1 and 2 with 30 kg / m 3 , 60 kg / m 3 and 90 kg / m 3 . By mixing at a ratio, solidified soil was prepared. The corn index and pH of the solidified soil were measured by the method described above. The results are shown in Table 2. The corn index and pH shown in Table 2 are values after 28 days of material age.
表２
────────────────────────────────────────
実施例３ 比較例２
────────────────────────────────────────
［土壌固化材の配合比（質量部）］
炭酸カルシウム ４０ ０
酸化マグネシウム ３０ ５０
ドロマイトと硫酸の反応生成物 ３０ ５０
────────────────────────────────────────
土壌固化材の添加量：３０ｋｇ／ｍ3
［コーン指数（ｋＮ／ｍ3）］ ２８１ ５２５
［ｐＨ（−）］ ８．１ ８．５
土壌固化材の添加量：６０ｋｇ／ｍ3
［コーン指数（ｋＮ／ｍ3）］ １４９０ ２８０５
［ｐＨ（−）］ ８．２ ８．５
土壌固化材の添加量：９０ｋｇ／ｍ3
［コーン指数（ｋＮ／ｍ3）］ ３７９９ ５４６４
［ｐＨ（−）］ ８．２ ８．５
────────────────────────────────────────
Table 2
────────────────────────────────────────
Example 3 Comparative Example 2
────────────────────────────────────────
[Composition ratio of soil solidification material (parts by mass)]
Reaction product of dolomite and
────────────────────────────────────────
Amount of soil-solidifying material added: 30 kg / m 3
[Cone index (kN / m 3 )] 281 525
[PH (−)] 8.1 8.5
Amount of soil-solidifying material added: 60 kg / m 3
[Cone index (kN / m 3 )] 1490 2805
[PH (−)] 8.2 8.5
Amount of soil solidifying material added: 90 kg / m 3
[Cone index (kN / m 3 )] 3799 5464
[PH (−)] 8.2 8.5
────────────────────────────────────────
図２に、実施例３及び比較例２で調製した固化処理土壌に添加した酸化マグネシウム量とその固化処理土壌のコーン指数との関係をグラフで示す。この図２のグラフから実施例３で調製した土壌固化材は、比較例２で調製した土壌固化材と比べて、少量の酸化マグネシウムの添加で土壌のコーン指数を高める効果があることがわかる。 FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of magnesium oxide added to the solidified soil prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 and the corn index of the solidified soil. From the graph of FIG. 2, it can be seen that the soil-solidifying material prepared in Example 3 has an effect of increasing the corn index of soil by adding a small amount of magnesium oxide, compared with the soil-solidifying material prepared in Comparative Example 2.
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