JP4339982B2 - Airtight terminal - Google Patents
Airtight terminal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4339982B2 JP4339982B2 JP2000143028A JP2000143028A JP4339982B2 JP 4339982 B2 JP4339982 B2 JP 4339982B2 JP 2000143028 A JP2000143028 A JP 2000143028A JP 2000143028 A JP2000143028 A JP 2000143028A JP 4339982 B2 JP4339982 B2 JP 4339982B2
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- Prior art keywords
- glass
- copper
- outer peripheral
- terminal
- peripheral metal
- Prior art date
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005394 sealing glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000833 kovar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGWWEXORQXHJJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Fe].[Co].[Ni] KGWWEXORQXHJJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Connections Arranged To Contact A Plurality Of Conductors (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は気密端子、さらに詳細には熱放散性の優れた気密端子に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来技術の気密端子構造は、外周金属およびリード端子が鉄ニッケルコバルト合金(コバール)を使用する場合、ガラスの歪み点以下の範囲で前記金属の熱膨張と整合するホウケイ酸系ガラスを組み合わせた整合封着タイプと、外周金属を鉄またはステンレス、リード端子は鉄ニッケル合金を用いガラスは外周金属よりも熱膨張係数が低くリード端子の鉄ニッケル合金より高いか同一程度のソーダ系ガラスを組み合わせた圧縮封着の2形態に大別される。
【0003】
このような気密端子は、単なる配線用の絶縁端子として用いられるだけでなく、電気・電子部品や半導体デバイスなど搭載した後、カバーを被せて、前記部品などを完全なる気密に封止し、多様な環境条件から保護できるパッケージとして使用されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
エレクトロニクス技術の進歩はめざましく高密度、高速化が進むとともに高出力時の発熱が問題となり熱放散性の向上が必要である。
【0005】
前記の従来パッケージを採用する場合、パッケージ内部に搭載する素子の発熱も同様に外部へ効率よく放散する必要があるが、パッケージ本体である材料は熱伝導率の低いコバールや鉄系またはステンレスを用いるため、機能および仕様を充分に満足できない問題があった。
【0006】
上記問題点を解決するために、素子を搭載する直下に部分的に銅や銅合金をパッケージ本体にロウ付け法などで接合した構造が提案および採用されているが熱放散度としては完全とはいえず、パッケージ本体全体を熱放散性の良いものにする必要がある。また、本構造では、設計の自由度が少ないとともに、部品の点数が増えることとロウ付け工程の追加などで、コストアップになるという問題も発生している。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記課題を解決するために、本発明は、外周金属の内側に設けられたガラス層と前記ガラス層の上下を貫通して封着されたリード端子を有する気密端子において、前記外周金属は銅または銅合金、前記リード端子は鉄ニッケル系合金であり、前記外周金属の銅または銅合金より熱膨張係数が低く、前記リード端子の鉄ニッケル合金よりも高いガラスで封着したことを特徴とする。
【0008】
本発明の気密端子に用いるガラスは、少なくとも厚み方向に3層以上で積層されており、最外表層は高融点高強度ガラスまたはガラスセラミックスで構成した特徴を有する。
【0009】
更に本発明の気密端子は、外周金属の銅または銅合金の表面に酸化被膜を有し、その被膜厚を2〜10μmの範囲に調整したことを特徴とする。
【0010】
本発明をさらに詳しく説明すると、図1は本発明による気密端子の一例を示す斜視図であるが、この図より明らかなように断面帽子状の外周金属1の厚さ方向に貫通穴2が設けられており、ガラス層3によってリード端子4が前記ガラス層3の上下方向に貫通封着された構造になっている。
【0011】
本発明の気密端子封着形態は、基本的には従来の圧縮封着体である。すなわち外周金属からリード端子の中心に向かって膨張係数を順次低くすることで、ガラスおよび接合界面に残留圧縮応力を働かせている。
【0012】
ガラス、特に気密端子の機械的・熱的強度は、表面に露呈しているガラス表面(両面)で決定され、すなわちクラックのような破壊は表面から伝搬することが一般的であり、微細な傷や引っ張り的な残留応力を回避することが必須である。
【0013】
特に銅および銅合金は熱膨張係数が一般的に高くそれに追従する封着用ガラスはアルカリ分を多くすることになり、ガラスの軟化点が低くなり信頼性、特に耐熱性が劣化するとともに酸やアルカリに対する強度が劣化し、高信頼性の気密端子を製作できない。
【0014】
本発明の気密端子は、上記技術的問題点を回避するために、従来の圧縮封着体で採用する封着用ガラス、すなわち前記外周金属の銅または銅合金より熱膨張係数が低く、前記リード端子の鉄ニッケル合金よりも高いガラス、たとえばソーダ系ガラスを中間層32に用いるとともに、ガラス層3の最表層31には高融点高強度のガラスまたはガラスセラミックスを配置し、必要に応じてリード端子軸方向へガラス組成分を傾斜させる構造を採用している(図2参照)。
【0015】
このような高融点高強度ガラス(最表層31)としては、前述の封着用ガラスにAl2O3、ZrO2などの酸化物を添加したものが使用される。このような酸化物の添加量を順次変化させることによってガラス成分を傾斜させる(酸化物添加量を0を超え100重量%間での範囲で添加量を調整する)ことが可能である。特に、最表層31がガラス組成分を傾斜させないときには、上述の酸化物の一種以上を30重量%以上添加したものを使用するのが好ましい。酸化物の添加量が30重量%未満の場合強度が不足する恐れがあるからである(100重量%の場合ガラスセラミックとなる)。このようにすることで、膨張係数の極端な変化を防止する事で、ガラス内部応力回避になる。
【0016】
従来の圧縮封着体で比較的ヤング率や抗張力の高い外周金属を採用しているのは、封着体完成後に圧縮応力がガラスおよび接合界面に作用させるためで、銅や銅合金などのような加熱による軟化する材料では充分な圧縮力が働かないと考えられ、気密が取れないとされている。これを補う意味で、本発明では、封着前に銅および銅合金は予備酸化を行いガラスとの反応を促進させている。しかしながら、酸化被膜の厚みに制限があり、2μm未満であると接合界面からのリークが発生し気密が取れず、10μmを越えると過剰酸化になりガラスの発泡や内部応力のバランスが崩れガラス層3にガラスクラックが発生する。
【0017】
本発明によれば、パッケージ本体である外周金属が銅または銅合金で構成するため、従来のパッケージよりも熱放散性は格段に向上する。更に部品点数も最小に抑えられ、かつロウ付け工程などの追加工程が不要になりコスト低減がはかれる効果がある。
【0018】
【実施例】
以下に発明の実施の形態を図面を参照しながら説明する。外周金属1は無酸素銅で箱状の形状にプレス加工や切削加工もしくは射出成形加工法などで形成した。更にこの外周金属1の底部11もしくは側面部12には少なくとも1つ以上の貫通穴2が形成され、この貫通穴2の中心には外周金属1を貫通するようにFe−Ni50%合金のリード端子4がガラス層3を介して気密に絶縁封着される。
【0019】
気密封着は、グラファイト製のカーボン治具に外周金属1、ガラスタブレット(焼成した後ガラス層になる)並びにリード端子4を組み込み不活性雰囲気(窒素)の860℃でガラス焼成することで作製される。
【0020】
この構造の材料組み合わせにおいて、熱膨張係数を考えると、外周金属の無酸素銅が166×10-7/℃、Fe/Ni50%合金は98×10-7/℃、そして封着ガラスはその中間である130×10-7/℃を用いた。この構造体は、ガラス封着部の内部応力がリード端子に向かって圧縮応力が働くことになり、気密保持が可能である。
【0021】
しかしながら、無酸素銅は860℃の加熱により軟化してしまい充分なガラスを締め付けるような圧縮応力が働かない。実際に単純な圧縮封着のみでは気密が取れず銅のガラスシール界面から気密不良が発生した。
【0022】
これを解決するために、封着前にヘッダーである無酸素銅は予備酸化を行いガラスとの濡れや密着性を向上させた。酸化被膜厚と気密並びにガラスクラックそして気泡の相関について実験したところ、以下の表1の事実が判明した。表1より明らかなように被膜厚が2μm未満であると密着性が損なわれ気密不良が発生し、10μmを越えるとクラック並びに気泡が発生する。以上のことからヘッダーである無酸素銅の酸化被膜厚は2〜10μm範囲が望ましいことがわかる。
【0023】
【表1】
【0024】
更に耐熱性や機械的強度向上のためにガラス層3の最表層32として高軟化点・高強度のガラスセラミックスを積層させた。具体的には母体封着ガラスにアルミナを50%添加させたものを最表層(表裏両面)に配置した。このガラスセラミックスを配置したものとしないものを半田耐熱性、および端子強度試験の実施した結果を表2に示す。
【0025】
【表2】
【0026】
表2の結果より明らかなように、半田耐熱では、80℃の差で積層ガラス品の方が優れており、また折り曲げ試験においてもリークに差は出ないもののクラック発生がないことが判明した。この現象は、ガラスの強度は強化ガラスのように表面状態に大きく依存するものであり、最表層を高強度・高軟化点にすることで、達成されたものと考えられる。
【0027】
本実施例は、外周金属を無酸素銅としたが、これに限定されるものではなく、各種膨張係数の組み合わせを調整することで、多様な銅合金を用いることは容易であるのは言うまでもない。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、外周金属全体を銅または銅合金で構成するため、従来品よりも熱放散性は格段に向上する効果がある。更に部品点数も最小に抑えられ、かつロウ付け工程などの追加工程が不要になりコスト低減がはかれる効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の気密端子の一構造例を示す図。
【図2】本発明の積層ガラスの一構造例を示す図。
【図3】実施例で使用された気密端子の一構造例を示す図。
【符号の説明】
1 外周金属
2 貫通穴
3 ガラス層
31 最表層
32 中間層
4 リード端子[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an airtight terminal, and more particularly to an airtight terminal having excellent heat dissipation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The airtight terminal structure of the prior art is a combination of borosilicate glass that matches the thermal expansion of the metal within the range below the strain point of the glass when the outer metal and lead terminal use iron-nickel-cobalt alloy (Kovar). A combination of a sealed type and iron or stainless steel for the outer metal, iron nickel alloy for the lead terminal, and glass that has a thermal expansion coefficient lower than that of the outer metal and higher or equal to the soda glass of the lead terminal. It is roughly divided into two forms of sealing.
[0003]
Such airtight terminals are not only used as insulation terminals for wiring, but also after mounting electrical / electronic parts, semiconductor devices, etc., and then covering them with a complete airtight seal. It is used as a package that can be protected from various environmental conditions.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Advances in electronics technology are remarkable, and high density and high speed are progressing, and heat generation at high output becomes a problem, and heat dissipation is required to be improved.
[0005]
When the above-described conventional package is adopted, it is necessary to efficiently dissipate the heat generated by the elements mounted inside the package as well, but the material for the package body is made of Kovar, iron or stainless steel having a low thermal conductivity. For this reason, there has been a problem that the functions and specifications cannot be sufficiently satisfied.
[0006]
In order to solve the above problems, a structure in which copper or a copper alloy is partially bonded to the package body by brazing or the like is proposed and adopted directly under the element mounting. No, it is necessary to make the whole package body have good heat dissipation. In this structure, there is a problem that the degree of freedom in design is low and the cost increases due to an increase in the number of parts and the addition of a brazing process.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a hermetic terminal having a glass layer provided inside a peripheral metal and a lead terminal sealed through the top and bottom of the glass layer, wherein the peripheral metal is copper or The copper alloy and the lead terminal are iron-nickel alloys, and are characterized by being sealed with a glass having a lower thermal expansion coefficient than that of the copper or copper alloy of the outer peripheral metal and higher than that of the iron-nickel alloy of the lead terminal.
[0008]
The glass used for the hermetic terminal of the present invention is laminated in at least three layers in the thickness direction, and the outermost surface layer is characterized by being composed of high melting point high strength glass or glass ceramics.
[0009]
Furthermore, the hermetic terminal of the present invention has an oxide film on the surface of the copper or copper alloy of the outer peripheral metal, and the film thickness is adjusted in the range of 2 to 10 μm.
[0010]
The present invention will be described in more detail. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an airtight terminal according to the present invention. As is clear from this figure, a through-
[0011]
The hermetic terminal sealing form of the present invention is basically a conventional compression sealing body. That is, the residual compressive stress is applied to the glass and the bonding interface by sequentially decreasing the expansion coefficient from the outer peripheral metal toward the center of the lead terminal.
[0012]
The mechanical and thermal strength of glass, especially hermetic terminals, is determined by the glass surface (both sides) exposed on the surface, that is, fractures such as cracks are generally propagated from the surface, and fine scratches It is essential to avoid residual tensile stress.
[0013]
In particular, copper and copper alloys generally have a high coefficient of thermal expansion, and sealing glass that follows this will increase the alkalinity, lowering the softening point of the glass and reducing its reliability, especially heat resistance, as well as acid and alkali. The strength against is deteriorated and a highly reliable airtight terminal cannot be manufactured.
[0014]
In order to avoid the above technical problems, the hermetic terminal of the present invention has a lower thermal expansion coefficient than the sealing glass employed in the conventional compression sealing body, that is, copper or copper alloy of the outer peripheral metal, and the lead terminal. A glass higher than that of the iron-nickel alloy, for example, soda glass, is used for the intermediate layer 32, and a glass or glass ceramic having a high melting point and high strength is disposed on the
[0015]
As such a high-melting-point high-strength glass (outermost layer 31), a glass in which an oxide such as Al 2 O 3 or ZrO 2 is added to the sealing glass described above is used. By sequentially changing the addition amount of such an oxide, it is possible to incline the glass component (adjust the addition amount in the range of more than 0 and 100% by weight of the oxide addition amount). In particular, when the
[0016]
The reason why the peripheral metal with relatively high Young's modulus and tensile strength is adopted in the conventional compression sealant is because the compressive stress acts on the glass and the joint interface after completion of the sealant, such as copper and copper alloy. It is considered that a material that softens when heated does not exert a sufficient compressive force and cannot be airtight. In order to compensate for this, in the present invention, copper and the copper alloy are pre-oxidized before sealing to promote reaction with glass. However, the thickness of the oxide film is limited. If the thickness is less than 2 μm, leakage from the bonding interface occurs and airtightness cannot be obtained. Glass cracks occur.
[0017]
According to the present invention, since the outer peripheral metal that is the package body is made of copper or a copper alloy, the heat dissipating property is remarkably improved as compared with the conventional package. Further, the number of parts can be minimized, and an additional process such as a brazing process is not required, and the cost can be reduced.
[0018]
【Example】
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The outer peripheral metal 1 was formed of oxygen-free copper into a box shape by pressing, cutting, injection molding, or the like. Further, at least one or more through
[0019]
The hermetic seal is produced by incorporating the outer metal 1, a glass tablet (becomes a glass layer after firing) and a
[0020]
When considering the thermal expansion coefficient in the material combination of this structure, the oxygen-free copper of the outer peripheral metal is 166 × 10 −7 / ° C., the Fe / Ni 50% alloy is 98 × 10 −7 / ° C., and the sealing glass is in the middle 130 × 10 −7 / ° C. was used. In this structure, the internal stress of the glass sealing portion acts as a compressive stress toward the lead terminal, and can be kept airtight.
[0021]
However, oxygen-free copper is softened by heating at 860 ° C. and does not have a compressive stress that clamps sufficient glass. Actually, simple compression sealing alone did not provide airtightness, and airtight defects occurred at the copper glass seal interface.
[0022]
In order to solve this problem, oxygen-free copper as a header was pre-oxidized before sealing to improve wettability and adhesion with glass. Experiments were conducted on the correlation between the oxide film thickness and airtightness, as well as glass cracks and bubbles, and the facts shown in Table 1 below were found. As is apparent from Table 1, when the film thickness is less than 2 μm, the adhesion is impaired and poor airtightness occurs, and when it exceeds 10 μm, cracks and bubbles are generated. From the above, it can be seen that the oxide film thickness of the oxygen-free copper as the header is desirably in the range of 2 to 10 μm.
[0023]
[Table 1]
[0024]
Further, a glass ceramic with a high softening point and high strength was laminated as the outermost layer 32 of the
[0025]
[Table 2]
[0026]
As is clear from the results in Table 2, it was found that the laminated glass product was superior in solder heat resistance at a difference of 80 ° C., and in the bending test, although there was no difference in leakage, no crack was generated. This phenomenon is considered to be achieved by making the outermost layer have a high strength and a high softening point because the strength of the glass greatly depends on the surface state like tempered glass.
[0027]
In this embodiment, the outer peripheral metal is oxygen-free copper, but the present invention is not limited to this, and it goes without saying that various copper alloys can be easily used by adjusting combinations of various expansion coefficients. .
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since the entire outer peripheral metal is made of copper or a copper alloy, the heat dissipating property is significantly improved as compared with the conventional product. Further, the number of parts can be minimized, and an additional process such as a brazing process is not required, and the cost can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a view showing one structural example of an airtight terminal of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view showing one structural example of the laminated glass of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a structure of an airtight terminal used in an example.
[Explanation of symbols]
1
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
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JP2000143028A JP4339982B2 (en) | 2000-05-16 | 2000-05-16 | Airtight terminal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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JP2000143028A JP4339982B2 (en) | 2000-05-16 | 2000-05-16 | Airtight terminal |
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JP2001326002A JP2001326002A (en) | 2001-11-22 |
JP4339982B2 true JP4339982B2 (en) | 2009-10-07 |
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JP2000143028A Expired - Lifetime JP4339982B2 (en) | 2000-05-16 | 2000-05-16 | Airtight terminal |
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JP4220880B2 (en) | 2003-10-17 | 2009-02-04 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | Waterproof terminal block unit |
DE102007061175B3 (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2009-08-27 | Schott Ag | Method for producing an electrical feedthrough |
JP2013211437A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-10 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Thermistor element and manufacturing method of the same |
JP2014049669A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2014-03-17 | Azbil Corp | Electrode shield structure |
WO2017214179A1 (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2017-12-14 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Glass components with custom-tailored composition profiles and methods for preparing same |
CN113793704B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-03-31 | 清华大学 | Metal guide pin for high-temperature gas-cooled reactor electrical penetration assembly and surface pretreatment process |
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