JP4267377B2 - Method for producing monoglyceride-containing composition - Google Patents
Method for producing monoglyceride-containing composition Download PDFInfo
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- JP4267377B2 JP4267377B2 JP2003162066A JP2003162066A JP4267377B2 JP 4267377 B2 JP4267377 B2 JP 4267377B2 JP 2003162066 A JP2003162066 A JP 2003162066A JP 2003162066 A JP2003162066 A JP 2003162066A JP 4267377 B2 JP4267377 B2 JP 4267377B2
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- glycerin
- monoglyceride
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、モノグリセライド含量が高いモノグリセライド含有組成物の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
化粧品、食品、工業用の乳化剤あるいは潤滑油の油性剤等として広く使用されているモノグリセライドは、グリセリンと脂肪酸とのエステル化反応、あるいはグリセリンと油脂とのエステル交換反応により製造される。これらの反応は、無触媒又は触媒存在下で行われるが、一般に、グリセリン、モノグリセライド、ジグリセライド及びトリグリセライドの混合物が生じる。反応系は、通常、不均一系で、生成するモノグリセライド量は、脂肪酸相あるいは生成エステル相へのグリセリンの溶解度に影響されるため、単純に仕込みのグリセリン量を増やしてもモノグリセライド含量を上げることはできない。このため、より性能の高い、すなわち、高純度のモノグリセライドを得たい場合には、分子蒸留による精製が行われる。
【0003】
特許文献1及び特許文献2には、5〜15%の含水グリセリンを用いて、無触媒で油脂とのエステル交換反応を促進させる方法が開示されているが、水分量を保持するために系が加圧系になることの他、未反応の脂肪酸がかなりの量残存するという問題がある。
【0004】
また、特許文献3には、Na等のアルカリ石鹸を触媒としたエステル交換反応によってグリセリンと油脂からモノグリセライドを製造する方法が開示されているが、反応後、未反応のグリセリンを蒸留で除く場合、逆反応によってモノグリセライド含量の低下が起こるのを押さえるために予め高温でアルカリ分を中和しなければならないということの他、濾過によっても分離できない中和塩が生成物中に残存するという問題がある。
【0005】
そして、特許文献4には、グリセリン又はエチレングリコールと、脂肪酸又はグリセリンポリエステルを、鉄をはじめとする特定の遷移金属触媒の存在下に高温で反応させ、モノグリセライドを製造する方法が開示されているが、触媒の中和は必要でないものの、使用量が金属として80〜1700ppmであることから、そのままでは不溶分が多くて使用し難く、また、グリセリンを蒸留で除く際にも逆反応によるモノグリセライド含量の低下が促進されることから、予め、冷却後、ろ過又はデカンテーションで触媒を分離しておかなければならないという問題がある。しかも、ろ過ではグリセリンが残存した状態では、ろ過速度が遅く、デカンテーションでは収率が悪いという問題がある。また、蒸留によって未反応グリセリンを除く場合には、再び加熱しなければならないという工程的にも好ましくない点がある。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
米国特許第2474740号明細書
【特許文献2】
米国特許第2478354号明細書
【特許文献3】
米国特許第2206167号明細書
【特許文献4】
米国特許第2628967号明細書
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、分子蒸留器等の高価な濃縮装置や、特殊な高速回転撹拌剪断機を用いずに、グリセリンと、脂肪酸又はグリセリンエステルとから、モノグリセライド含量が高いモノグリセライド含有組成物を製造する方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、グリセリンと、脂肪酸及びグリセリンエステルから選ばれる少なくとも1種のアシル基を有する化合物とを反応させてモノグリセライド含有組成物を製造する方法であって、グリセリンと脂肪酸との反応で脂肪酸基準の反応率が90%以上に達した後、あるいはグリセリンとグリセリンエステルとのエステル交換反応の際に、反応系内の水分量を500〜5000ppmに保持する工程を有する、モノグリセライド含有組成物の製造方法を提供する。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に用いられるグリセリンとしては、特に限定されないが、純度95重量%以上のものが好ましい。
【0010】
本発明に用いられる、脂肪酸及びグリセリンエステルから選ばれるアシル基を有する化合物は、分岐鎖、直鎖、飽和、不飽和のいずれのアシル基を有するものでもよいが、本発明の効果がより明確になる観点から、アシル基の炭素数は12〜30が好ましく、14〜22がより好ましい。
【0011】
本発明に用いられる脂肪酸の具体例としては、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸、エライジン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸等の単品脂肪酸、あるいは大豆油脂肪酸、なたね油脂肪酸、トール油脂肪酸等の混合脂肪酸が挙げられる。モノグリセライド含有組成物の取り扱い性に関わる低温流動性の観点から、ヨウ素価が80以上のものが好ましく、130以上のものがより好ましい。具体的は、オレイン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、大豆油脂肪酸、なたね油脂肪酸、トール油脂肪酸が好ましい。
【0012】
本発明に用いられるグリセリンエステルとしては、上記脂肪酸とグリセリンを構成成分とするトリエステル、ジエステル及びそれらの混合物が挙げられる。また、モノエステルが含まれていても構わない。
【0013】
本発明において、グリセリンとアシル基を有する化合物との反応割合は、モノグリセライド含量の高いモノグリセライド含有組成物を得、また1バッチ当たりの生産性を上げる観点から、アシル基を有する化合物のアシル基1モルに対し、グリセリン1モル以上が好ましく、1〜3モルが更に好ましく、1.5〜3モルが特に好ましい。
【0014】
本発明の方法は、グリセリンと脂肪酸との反応で脂肪酸基準の反応率(下記式(I)で表される)が90%以上に達した後、あるいはグリセリンとグリセリンエステルとのエステル交換反応の際に、モノグリセライド含量を高め、また遊離の脂肪酸量を低減させる観点から、反応系内の水分量を500〜5000ppm、好ましくは600〜4000ppm、さらに好ましくは1000〜3000ppmに制御する工程を有する。本発明の方法における水分の果たす役割は明かではないが、グリセリンエステルを微量加水分解して脂肪酸を遊離させ、このものがエステル交換の触媒作用を果たしていると推定される。
【0015】
【数1】
【0016】
水分量の制御は、水分計を使用して反応液の水分量を経時的に測定しながら、窒素等の不活性ガスを反応液中及び/又は反応液上部の空間部に導入し、反応槽への不活性ガスの導入量を調整することによって行うことができる。不活性ガスは、連続的にあるいは間欠的に供給するのがよい。また、グリセリンとグリセリンエステルのみの反応など、水が不足する反応の場合は、予め水を加え、必要に応じて、反応槽への窒素等の不活性ガス導入と組合せて系内の水分量を上記値に制御するのがよい。
【0017】
本発明において、グリセリンとアシル基を有する化合物との反応の温度は、油層へのグリセリンの溶解度を向上させると共に、エステル化反応及びエステル交換反応速度を向上させる観点から180℃以上が好ましく、副生成物であるジグリセリンの生成を抑制する観点から270℃以下が好ましい。具体的には180〜270℃が好ましく、さらに好ましくは200〜260℃、最も好ましくは240〜255℃である。反応時間は、高温での長時間の加熱は、グリセリンの縮合物であるジグリセリンの副生量が増えるので、温度との兼ね合いがあるものの、250℃以上では、12時間以下が好ましく、7時間以下がさらに好ましい。また、触媒は、使用してもしなくてもよいが、触媒除去が必須の用途には、工程簡略化の観点から無触媒で反応を行うことが好ましい。
【0018】
本発明の方法で得られるモノグリセライド含量が高いモノグリセライド含有組成物は、そのまま使用することもできるが、グリセリンを除去しても良い。グリセリンを除去する場合には、反応後、減圧でグリセリンを留去し、必要に応じさらに減圧で水蒸気を供給して留去を行う。
【0019】
本発明におけるモノグリセライド含量とは、GPC分析(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー)により、下式(II)に従って求めたものをいい、モノグリセライド、ジグリセライド及びトリグリセライドの合計に対するモノグリセライドのGPC分析における面積割合を意味する。
【0020】
【数2】
【0021】
〔MG:GPCのモノグリセライド面積
DG:GPCのジグリセライド面積
TG:GPCのトリグリセライド面積〕
本発明の方法により、モノグリセライド含量が55面積%以上という高含量のモノグリセライド含有組成物が得られる。生産性の観点から、モノグリセライド含量が75面積%までの高含量化ができる。具体的には、55〜75面積%、更に60〜75面積%のモノグリセライド含量の組成物を製造することができる。
【0022】
【実施例】
モノグリセライド含量はGPC分析により求めた。カラムとして東ソー(株)製のTSKgelG2000HXL及びTSKgelG1000HXLを直列に連結し、検出器としてRI(示差屈折率計)を、溶離液としてTHF(テトラヒドロフラン)を使用した。
【0023】
実施例1
攪拌機、脱水管−冷却管、温度計、窒素導入管付きの2L四ツ口フラスコに、グリセリン480g、トール油脂肪酸750gを入れ[グリセリン/脂肪酸(モル比)=2.0]、窒素をフラスコ内の液上空間部に100mL/分流しながら400rpmで撹拌下、約1.5時間かけて250℃まで昇温した。250℃に達した後、その温度で6時間反応させた。酸価、水分量及びモノグリセライド含量を経時的に分析した結果、250℃到達時の脂肪酸基準の反応率は93%、脂肪酸基準の反応率が90%以上での水分量は700〜2200ppm、反応終了時の反応率は99%、モノグリセライド含量は61面積%であった。
【0024】
実施例2
窒素を液中に30mL/分吹き込む以外は実施例1と同様にして250℃で6時間反応を行った。250℃到達時の脂肪酸基準の反応率は93%、脂肪酸基準の反応率が90%以上での水分量は600〜900ppm、反応終了時の反応率は99%、モノグリセライド含量は60面積%であった。
【0025】
比較例1
窒素を液中に100mL/分吹き込む以外は実施例1と同様にして250℃で6時間反応を行った。250℃到達時の脂肪酸基準の反応率は94%、脂肪酸基準の反応率が90%以上での水分量は300〜400ppm、反応終了時の反応率は99%、モノグリセライド含量は54面積%であった。
【0026】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法により、分子蒸留器等の高価な濃縮装置や、特殊な高速回転撹拌剪断機を用いずに、グリセリンと、脂肪酸又はグリセリンエステルとから、モノグリセライド含量が高いモノグリセライド含有組成物を容易に得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a monoglyceride-containing composition having a high monoglyceride content.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Monoglycerides widely used as cosmetics, foods, industrial emulsifiers or lubricating oils are produced by esterification reaction of glycerin and fatty acid or transesterification reaction of glycerin and fat. These reactions are carried out without a catalyst or in the presence of a catalyst, but generally a mixture of glycerin, monoglyceride, diglyceride and triglyceride is produced. The reaction system is usually a heterogeneous system, and the amount of monoglyceride produced is affected by the solubility of glycerin in the fatty acid phase or the produced ester phase, so it is not possible to increase the monoglyceride content simply by increasing the amount of glycerin charged. Can not. For this reason, when it is desired to obtain a monoglyceride having higher performance, that is, high purity, purification by molecular distillation is performed.
[0003]
Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 disclose a method of accelerating the transesterification reaction with fats and oils using 5 to 15% hydrous glycerin without using a catalyst. In addition to being a pressurized system, there is a problem that a considerable amount of unreacted fatty acid remains.
[0004]
Patent Document 3 discloses a method for producing monoglyceride from glycerin and fats and oils by transesterification using an alkali soap such as Na as a catalyst, but after the reaction, when unreacted glycerin is removed by distillation, In order to prevent the monoglyceride content from decreasing due to the reverse reaction, the alkali content must be neutralized at a high temperature in advance, and there is a problem that neutralized salts that cannot be separated by filtration remain in the product. .
[0005]
Patent Document 4 discloses a method for producing monoglyceride by reacting glycerin or ethylene glycol with a fatty acid or glycerin polyester in the presence of a specific transition metal catalyst such as iron at a high temperature. Although neutralization of the catalyst is not necessary, since the amount used is 80 to 1700 ppm as a metal, it is difficult to use as it is because there are many insolubles, and when the glycerin is removed by distillation, the monoglyceride content by reverse reaction is also present. Since the reduction is promoted, there is a problem that after cooling, the catalyst must be separated by filtration or decantation in advance. Moreover, there is a problem that the filtration rate is slow when glycerin remains in filtration, and the yield is poor in decantation. Moreover, when removing unreacted glycerol by distillation, there exists a point which is unpreferable also in the process of having to heat again.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
US Pat. No. 2,474,740 [Patent Document 2]
US Pat. No. 2,478,354 [Patent Document 3]
US Patent No. 2206167 [Patent Document 4]
US Pat. No. 2,628,967
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to produce a monoglyceride-containing composition having a high monoglyceride content from glycerin and a fatty acid or glycerin ester without using an expensive concentrator such as a molecular distiller or a special high-speed rotary stirring shear machine. It is to provide a method.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is a method for producing a monoglyceride-containing composition by reacting glycerin with a compound having at least one acyl group selected from fatty acids and glycerin esters, which is based on fatty acids based on the reaction between glycerin and fatty acids. A method for producing a monoglyceride-containing composition comprising a step of maintaining the water content in a reaction system at 500 to 5000 ppm after the reaction rate reaches 90% or more or in the transesterification reaction between glycerin and glycerin ester. provide.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The glycerin used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but preferably has a purity of 95% by weight or more.
[0010]
The compound having an acyl group selected from fatty acids and glycerin esters used in the present invention may have any of a branched chain, straight chain, saturated or unsaturated acyl group, but the effect of the present invention is more clearly understood. From this viewpoint, the acyl group preferably has 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably 14 to 22 carbon atoms.
[0011]
Specific examples of fatty acids used in the present invention include single fatty acids such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, soybean oil fatty acid, rapeseed oil fatty acid, tall oil Examples include mixed fatty acids such as fatty acids. From the viewpoint of low-temperature fluidity related to the handleability of the monoglyceride-containing composition, those having an iodine value of 80 or more are preferred, and those having 130 or more are more preferred. Specifically, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, soybean oil fatty acid, rapeseed oil fatty acid, and tall oil fatty acid are preferred.
[0012]
Examples of the glycerin ester used in the present invention include triesters, diesters and mixtures thereof containing the fatty acid and glycerin as constituent components. Moreover, monoester may be contained.
[0013]
In the present invention, the reaction ratio between glycerin and the compound having an acyl group is such that a monoglyceride-containing composition having a high monoglyceride content is obtained, and from the viewpoint of increasing the productivity per batch, the acyl group of the compound having an acyl group is 1 mol. On the other hand, 1 mol or more of glycerol is preferable, 1-3 mol is still more preferable, and 1.5-3 mol is especially preferable.
[0014]
In the method of the present invention, the reaction rate of the fatty acid standard (represented by the following formula (I)) reaches 90% or more in the reaction of glycerin and fatty acid, or in the transesterification reaction between glycerin and glycerin ester. In addition, from the viewpoint of increasing the monoglyceride content and reducing the amount of free fatty acids, there is a step of controlling the water content in the reaction system to 500 to 5000 ppm, preferably 600 to 4000 ppm, more preferably 1000 to 3000 ppm. Although the role played by moisture in the method of the present invention is not clear, it is presumed that the glycerin ester is hydrolyzed in a small amount to liberate a fatty acid, which acts as a transesterification catalyst.
[0015]
[Expression 1]
[0016]
The moisture content is controlled by introducing an inert gas such as nitrogen into the reaction solution and / or the space above the reaction solution while measuring the moisture content of the reaction solution over time using a moisture meter. This can be done by adjusting the amount of the inert gas introduced into the. The inert gas is preferably supplied continuously or intermittently. In addition, in the case of a reaction in which water is insufficient, such as a reaction of glycerin and glycerin ester alone, water is added in advance, and if necessary, the amount of water in the system is combined with introduction of an inert gas such as nitrogen into the reaction vessel. It is good to control to the above value.
[0017]
In the present invention, the temperature of the reaction between glycerin and the compound having an acyl group is preferably 180 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of improving the solubility of glycerin in the oil layer and improving the esterification reaction and transesterification rate. 270 ° C. or lower is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing the production of diglycerin, which is a product. Specifically, 180-270 degreeC is preferable, More preferably, it is 200-260 degreeC, Most preferably, it is 240-255 degreeC. As for the reaction time, heating at a high temperature for a long time increases the amount of by-produced diglycerin, which is a condensate of glycerin. More preferred are: Further, the catalyst may or may not be used, but it is preferable to carry out the reaction without a catalyst from the viewpoint of simplification of the process in applications where catalyst removal is essential.
[0018]
The monoglyceride-containing composition having a high monoglyceride content obtained by the method of the present invention can be used as it is, but glycerin may be removed. In the case of removing glycerin, after the reaction, glycerin is distilled off under reduced pressure, and if necessary, water vapor is further supplied under reduced pressure to perform distillation.
[0019]
The monoglyceride content in the present invention refers to that obtained by GPC analysis (gel permeation chromatography) according to the following formula (II), and means the area ratio of monoglyceride in GPC analysis to the total of monoglyceride, diglyceride and triglyceride.
[0020]
[Expression 2]
[0021]
[MG: GPC monoglyceride area DG: GPC diglyceride area TG: GPC triglyceride area]
By the method of the present invention, a high monoglyceride-containing composition having a monoglyceride content of 55 area% or more can be obtained. From the viewpoint of productivity, the monoglyceride content can be increased to 75% by area. Specifically, a composition having a monoglyceride content of 55 to 75 area%, and further 60 to 75 area% can be produced.
[0022]
【Example】
The monoglyceride content was determined by GPC analysis. TSKgel G2000HXL and TSKgel G1000HXL manufactured by Tosoh Corporation were connected in series as columns, RI (differential refractometer) was used as a detector, and THF (tetrahydrofuran) was used as an eluent.
[0023]
Example 1
In a 2 L four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, dehydrating tube-cooling tube, thermometer, and nitrogen introduction tube, 480 g of glycerin and 750 g of tall oil fatty acid are put [glycerin / fatty acid (molar ratio) = 2.0], and nitrogen is added to the flask. The mixture was heated to 250 ° C. over about 1.5 hours with stirring at 400 rpm while flowing at 100 mL / min into the above liquid space. After reaching 250 ° C., the reaction was carried out at that temperature for 6 hours. As a result of analyzing the acid value, water content, and monoglyceride content over time, the reaction rate based on fatty acid when reaching 250 ° C. is 93%, and when the reaction rate based on fatty acid is 90% or more, the water content is 700-2200 ppm, and the reaction is completed. The reaction rate at that time was 99%, and the monoglyceride content was 61 area%.
[0024]
Example 2
The reaction was performed at 250 ° C. for 6 hours in the same manner as in Example 1 except that nitrogen was blown into the liquid at 30 mL / min. The reaction rate based on fatty acids when reaching 250 ° C. was 93%, the water content was 600-900 ppm when the reaction rate based on fatty acids was 90% or more, the reaction rate at the end of the reaction was 99%, and the monoglyceride content was 60 area%. It was.
[0025]
Comparative Example 1
The reaction was performed at 250 ° C. for 6 hours in the same manner as in Example 1 except that nitrogen was blown into the liquid at 100 mL / min. The reaction rate based on fatty acid when reaching 250 ° C. was 94%, the water content was 300-400 ppm when the reaction rate based on fatty acid was 90% or more, the reaction rate at the end of the reaction was 99%, and the monoglyceride content was 54 area%. It was.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
By the method of the present invention, a monoglyceride-containing composition having a high monoglyceride content can be easily obtained from glycerin and a fatty acid or glycerin ester without using an expensive concentrator such as a molecular distiller or a special high-speed rotary stirring shearing machine. Obtainable.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003162066A JP4267377B2 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2003-06-06 | Method for producing monoglyceride-containing composition |
CN2007101383909A CN101092589B (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-06-03 | Process for producing a monoglyceride-containing composition |
ES04736001T ES2342604T3 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-06-03 | PROCEDURE TO PRODUCE A COMPOSITION CONTAINING A MONOGLYCERIDE. |
PCT/JP2004/008081 WO2004108872A1 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-06-03 | Process for producing monoglyceride-containing composition |
EP04736001A EP1659167B1 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-06-03 | Process for producing monoglyceride-containing composition |
DE602004026885T DE602004026885D1 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-06-03 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MONOGLYCERIDE-CONTAINING COMPOSITION |
US10/558,156 US7767838B2 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-06-03 | Process for producing a monoglyceride-containing composition |
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JP5944303B2 (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2016-07-05 | 花王株式会社 | A method for producing a fatty acid monoglyceride-containing mixture. |
CN106661499B (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2021-06-08 | 花王株式会社 | Method for producing monoglyceride-containing composition |
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