JP4257795B2 - Microreactor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a microreactor that mixes or reacts fluids using minute flow paths.

  A microchemical plant is a production facility that uses mixing, chemical reaction, separation, etc. in a microscale space, and has many advantages over conventional batch-type plants using large tanks and the like. For example, mixing of multiple fluids and chemical reactions can be performed with a small amount of sample in a short time, and if the production technology of products can be established at the laboratory level due to the small size of the device, it can be easily used for mass production by numbering up. It can be installed in equipment, can be applied to reactions involving dangers such as explosions, can be quickly adapted to the production of compounds that require high-mix low-volume production, and production volume can be easily adjusted to meet demand. It can be done. For this reason, in the fields of chemical industry and pharmaceutical industry, it has been attracting attention as a suitable apparatus for producing materials and products by mixing or reacting fluids, and research and development has been actively conducted in recent years.

  The micro chemical plant has, as main components, a material supply device, a micromixer, a heat exchange device, a microreactor, a separation device, piping connecting these devices, a control device, and the like. Of these, the micromixer and the microreactor each have a minute flow channel with a flow channel width on the order of several μm to 1 mm. It causes a reaction. The micromixer and the microreactor basically have a common configuration. In general, the micromixer and the microreactor are referred to as a micromixer when the application is mixing, and the microreactor is referred to as a chemical reaction. Therefore, the microreactor of the present invention includes a micromixer.

  Such a microreactor is a very important device in a microchemical plant, and some patent literatures are also presented. For example, in the invention of Patent Document 1, by propagating ultra-low frequency vibration to the fluid flowing in the microchannel, it is possible to induce flow velocity fluctuations in the fluid and promote mixing and reaction. Patent Document 2 discloses a microreactor provided with a jacket in which a reaction channel is formed by a cylindrical member and a spiral screw cut into the cylindrical member and a liquid for controlling the temperature in the reaction channel is circulated. ing.

JP-A-2005-77219 JP 2005-46652 A

  However, in the invention of Patent Document 1, it is necessary to provide the ultra-low frequency vibration generating means outside the apparatus, which makes the apparatus large. Further, when the number of devices increases due to the numbering up, there is a problem that the manufacturing cost of the microchemical plant increases. In the reactor of Patent Document 2, there is a problem of sealing between the cylindrical member and the spiral screw. Further, the jacket is separately provided outside the casing. In this case as well, there is a problem that the number of parts of the apparatus increases and the apparatus becomes large. The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a microreactor capable of performing mixing or reaction efficiently with a compact configuration.

In order to solve the above-described problem, the microreactor 1 according to the first aspect of the present invention mixes or mixes the target fluid connected to the inlet port P1 and the inlet port P1 for introducing a plurality of types of target fluids to be mixed or reacted. a microchannel 43 for reacting, an outlet port P2 for taking out a mixed or reacted subject fluid communication with the microchannel 43, a plurality of transferring while swirling motion to subject fluid in the clockwise direction The first element 4R in which the first microchannel 43R is formed and the second element 4L in which the plurality of second microchannels 43L for transferring the target fluid while rotating the target fluid in the counterclockwise direction are alternately arranged. In the microreactor in which the micro flow path 43 is formed by connecting the plurality of first micro flow paths 43R to the first element 4R. First confluence chamber 42RC that spilled subject fluid merge is formed, by comprising second confluence chamber 42LC is formed to join the target fluid flowing out from the plurality of second microchannel 43L in the second element Features. Specifically, the plurality of first micro flow paths 43R are formed as first micro flow paths 43R1, 43R2, 43R1 ′, and 43R2 ′, for example, as shown in FIG. The plurality of second micro flow paths 43L are formed as, for example, second micro flow paths 43L1, 43L2, 43L1 ′, and 43L2 ′.

The microreactor according to claim 2, wherein the first element and 4R, through-holes and the sheet material R having a partition portion 44 for partitioning the through holes in the left-right symmetry, the predetermined angle partitioning portion 44 in adjacent ones to each other each formed by stacking a plurality of sheets to polarization angle in the clockwise direction, the second element 4L is a thin plate L provided with a partition portion 44 for partitioning the through hole and the through hole in the left-right symmetry, with one another A plurality of adjacent partitioning portions 44 are laminated so that they are deviated in a counterclockwise direction by a predetermined angle.

In the microreactor of claim 3 , the diameter of the through hole is 2 mm or less.

The microreactor according to claim 4 is a shell having a bottomed cylindrical body, having an opening at one end, an inlet port P1 at the other end, and a cooling fluid inlet port H1 and a cooling fluid outlet port H2 penetrating the outer peripheral surface. Body 2, a cover part 31 having an outlet port P < b> 2 for sealing the opening of the outer shell body 2, and extending from the center part of one end of the cover part 31 in the direction of the axis J <b> 1 of the microreactor body, forming a flow path The flow path forming body chamber-attached lid 3 having a hollow cylindrical portion 32 that functions as the body chamber 32S, and the flow path forming body chamber 32S in the flow path forming body chamber-attached lid body 3 are provided, and the target fluid is watched. The first micro channels 43R1 and 43R2 that transfer while rotating in the circumferential direction and the second micro channels 43L1 and 43L2 that transfer the target fluid while rotating in the counterclockwise direction are alternately formed. A flow paths forming body 4 and the microreactor with integrated, the inlet port P1 and the outlet port P2, a first microchannel 43R1,43R2 of the passage forming body 4 and the second microchannel 43L1,43L2 And a sealed space 3S communicating with the cooling fluid inlet port H1 and the cooling fluid outlet port H2 is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 32 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer shell 2. configured characterized the kite.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the micro reactor which can perform mixing or reaction efficiently with a compact structure is provided.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the target fluid flows through the micro flow path 43 while alternately performing the clockwise flow and the counterclockwise flow, so that the agitation is good and the mixing time and the reaction time are shortened. Can be achieved. In addition, by providing the first joining chamber 42RC and the second joining chamber 42LC, the following operational effects can be obtained. That is, for example, as shown in FIG. 8 and the like, the target fluid that has flowed out of the micro flow paths 43R1 and 43R2 merges in the merge chambers 42RC and 42LA in the first element 4R and the second element 4L. Further, the target fluid that has flowed out of the micro flow paths 43L1 and 43L2 merges in the merge chambers 42LC and 42RA in the second element 4L and the first element 4R. Thereby, uniform mixing or reaction without density unevenness can be realized.

According to the invention of claim 2, the shape is substantially the same as that provided with the micro flow paths 43 </ b> R and 43 </ b> L formed by partitioning the inside of the through holes of the thin plate materials R and L with the partition walls BW having a predetermined twist angle. Become. By changing the number of laminated thin plate materials R and L, the torsion angle of the partition walls BW and the flow path lengths of the micro flow paths 43R and 43L can be varied, and the flexibility is excellent. Such thin plate materials R and L are preferably manufactured by, for example, etching. As a result, it is possible to easily realize the formation of minute micro-channels that are difficult by ordinary machining. Further, since the micro flow paths 43R and 43L are respectively formed in the integrated first element 4R and second element 4L, there is no problem of sealing as in the micro flow path disclosed in Patent Document 2, for example.

According to the invention of claim 3 , the micro flow path 43 can be made to have a millimeter order or less.

According to the invention of claim 4 , the sealed space 3 </ b> S formed between the outer peripheral surface of the columnar part 32 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer shell 2 can be used as a cooling fluid chamber. Since the cooling fluid chamber is not separately attached, the microreactor 1 can be made compact.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional front view of a microreactor according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view taken along line II in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is an external perspective view of first and second elements constituting a flow path forming body. 4 is a diagram showing an outline of the configuration of the first element constituting the flow path forming body, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an outline of the configuration of the second element constituting the flow path forming body, and FIG. 6 is a component of the first element. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the components of the second element, FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the flow of the liquid mixture in the microchannel, and FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the virtual partition formed by the partition plate FIG. 3A shows the first element, and FIG. 3B shows the second element. 4 (A) and 4 (B) show a partial cross-sectional front view and a side view of the first element, respectively, and FIGS. 5 (A) and 5 (B) show a partial cross-section of the second element, respectively. A front view and a side view are shown.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the microreactor 1 is composed of an outer shell body 2, a cover body with a flow path forming body chamber 3, a flow path forming body 4, a plug 5, and the like, and is a mixed liquid that has flowed from the inlet port P 1. In this device, the monomer and the polymerization initiator are mixed in the flow path forming body 4 and sent out from the mixed solution outlet port P2. All the above components are made of stainless steel.

  The outer shell 2 is a bottomed cylindrical body having an opening at one end. The side wall 21 is provided with a coolant inlet port H1, a coolant outlet port H2, and a bolt fastening hole H3, and the bottom lid 22 is provided with a plug insertion hole H4. The coolant inlet port H1 and the coolant outlet port H2 are through holes formed in the thickness direction of the side wall 21 so as to be equidiagonal with respect to the axis J1 of the microreactor body. The bolt fastening holes H <b> 3 are bottomed holes that are formed in a total of six locations on the peripheral surface of the side wall 21 on the opening side so as to be equally spaced in the circumferential direction. The plug insertion hole H <b> 4 is a through hole formed in the thickness direction of the bottom lid 22. Each of these holes is formed with a female screw.

  The lid 3 with the flow path forming body chamber includes a lid 31 for sealing the opening of the outer shell 2, and a hollow columnar portion 32 extending in the direction of the axis J 1 from the center of one end of the lid 31. Consists of. The hollow portion in the columnar portion 32 functions as a flow path forming body chamber 32S for interior of the flow path forming body 4. As shown in FIG. 2, a total of six bolt holes H <b> 5 are pierced in the peripheral portion of the lid portion 31 so as to correspond to the positions of the bolt fastening holes H <b> 3 in the outer shell body 2. The lid portion 31 includes a mixed solution outlet port P <b> 2 that communicates with the flow path forming body chamber 32 </ b> S in the cylindrical portion 32. The outer shell body 2 and the lid body 3 with a flow path forming body chamber are integrated by fastening with bolts 6. A sealed space that functions as the coolant chamber 3S is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the columnar portion 32 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer shell 2. The coolant is supplied to the coolant chamber 3S from a coolant circulation pump (not shown) connected to the coolant inlet port H1 and the coolant outlet port H2 by piping.

  The flow path forming body 4 is configured by connecting a plurality of first elements 4R and second elements 4L alternately in series. In this embodiment, there are five stages.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, the first element 4R is a laminated body in which a plurality of perforated thin disks R1 to R23 are laminated and their surfaces are joined by a joining process such as metal plating. . As shown in FIG. 4, a pin hole 41, merging chambers 42RA, 42RC, and micro flow paths 43R (43R1, 43R2, 43R1 ', 43R2') are provided.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the perforated thin discs R1 to R23 that are constituent elements of the first element 4R have a circular pin hole through hole at the peripheral portion and a circular or cloud-shaped confluence chamber through hole at the central portion. Is provided.

  By laminating the perforated thin discs R1 to R5 in this order so as to be concentric, the pin hole 41 and the joining chamber 42RA are formed. Further, the pin holes 41 and the micro flow channels 43R (43R1, 43R2, 43R1 ', 43R2') are formed by laminating the thin perforated disks R6 to R18 in this order so as to be concentric. Each of the micro flow paths 43R1 and 43R2 and the micro flow paths 43R1 'and 43R2' is formed such that one through hole having a circular cross section is divided into left and right objects by the partitioning portions 44 (44R and 44R '). The partition 44 is formed so as to deviate clockwise by 15 degrees between the perforated thin discs R stacked adjacent to each other. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, the laminated body of the perforated thin discs R6 to R18 is substantially formed by dividing the inside of the two through holes by the partition walls BW each having a twist angle of 180 degrees. It becomes the form similar to having each microchannel 43R1, 43R2, 43R1 ', 43R2'. As the perforated thin discs R13 to R18, those obtained by turning the perforated thin discs R11 to R6 upside down can be used. Further, the pin holes 41 and the junction chamber 42RC are formed by laminating the perforated thin discs R19 to R23 in this order so as to be concentric. As the perforated thin discs R19 to R23, those obtained by turning the perforated thin discs R5 to R1 upside down can be used.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the second element 4L includes a pin hole 41, merging chambers 42LA and 42LC, and micro flow paths 43L (43L1, 43L2, 43L1 ′, 43L2 ′), and forms the micro flow path 43L. The configuration is basically the same as that of the first element 4R except that the partition portion 44L is shifted by 15 degrees counterclockwise. The first element 4R and the second element 4L are integrally connected by connecting a total of five elements in series via pins 45 inserted into the pin holes 41 to form the flow path forming body 4, and the flow path forming body. The room 32S is furnished.

  The plug 5 includes an inlet port P1 penetrating in a constricted shape, and a male screw that can be screwed with a female screw of the plug hole H4 on the outer peripheral surface. The tip 51 of the plug 5 is fitted into the upstream side of the flow path forming body chamber 32S and serves as a pressing portion that can press the upstream end face of the flow path forming body 4. In a state where the flow path forming body 4 is installed, the flow path forming body 4 is fixedly held by fastening the plug 5 to the plug insertion hole H4 so as to press-contact the upstream end face of the flow path forming body 4. The inlet port P1 is connected to a mixed liquid supply system (not shown) by piping. The liquid mixture supply system is means for simultaneously feeding the monomer and the polymerization initiator to the microreactor 1 as a liquid mixture.

  With such a configuration, the inlet port P1 and the outlet port P2 communicate with each other through the micro flow paths 43R and 43L in the flow path forming body 4. That is, the micro flow path 43R for rotating the liquid mixture in the clockwise direction and the micro flow path 43L for rotating the liquid mixture in the counterclockwise direction are alternately arranged from the upstream side to the downstream side. Become.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, the liquid mixture pumped from the liquid mixture supply system first flows in from the inlet port P1, and then passes through the merge chamber 42RA of the first element 4R. Next, the two micro flow paths 43R1 and 43R2 formed by being partitioned by the partition plate 44R are turned downstream while turning clockwise about the longitudinal axis of the partition plate 44R as indicated by an arrow M1. Flowing. The swirl angle of the liquid mixture is 180 degrees from the inlet to the outlet of each of the microchannels 43R1 and 43R2. A similar flow is formed in the adjacent microchannels 43R1 'and 43R2'. The liquid mixture that has flowed out from the outlets of the micro flow paths 43R1 and 43R2 merges in the merge chamber 42RC and the merge chamber 42LA. At this time, as shown by an arrow M2, the liquid mixture that has passed through the adjacent micro flow paths 43R1 'and 43R2' also merges.

  As shown in the arrow M3 in FIG. 8, the liquid to be mixed flowing out from the joining chamber 42LA of the second element 4L is divided into two micro flow paths 43L1 and 43L2 formed by the partition plate 44L. It flows downstream while turning counterclockwise about the longitudinal axis. At this time, the swirl angle of the liquid mixture is 180 degrees from the inlet to the outlet of each of the microchannels 43L1 and 43L2. A similar flow is formed in the adjacent microchannels 43L1 'and 43L2'. The liquid mixture that has exited from the outlets of the microchannels 43L1 and 43L2 and the liquid mixture that has passed through the adjacent microchannels 43L1 'and 43L2' also merge.

  A similar flow is formed in the first element 4R and the second element 4L in the next stage. Thereby, a monomer and a polymerization initiator are mixed. In this way, in the flow path forming body 4, the liquid to be mixed flows while alternately performing the clockwise flow and the counterclockwise flow, so that the stirring property is good and the mixing time can be shortened. . Further, the target fluid that has flowed out of the micro flow paths 43R1 and 43R2 merges in the merge chambers 42RC and 42LA in the first element 4R and the second element 4L. Similarly, the target fluid that has flowed out of the micro flow paths 43L1 and 43L2 merges in the merge chambers 42LC and 42RA in the second element 4L and the first element 4R. Thereby, uniform mixing or reaction without density unevenness can be realized.

  Further, since the coolant circulates in the coolant chamber 3S by a coolant circulation pump (not shown), temperature control such as maintaining the fluid flowing in the micro flow paths of the first element 4R and the second element 4L at a constant temperature. And stable mixing under an appropriate temperature condition becomes possible. The cooling liquid chamber 3S is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 32 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer shell body 2, and is not separately attached. Therefore, the microreactor 1 can have a compact configuration.

  Moreover, since the perforated thin discs R and L used when manufacturing the first element 4R and the second element 4L are the target surfaces, the perforated thin discs R and L are R1 to R12. The first element 4R and the second element 4L can be manufactured by manufacturing up to the above and laminating the front and back surfaces as appropriate. For this reason, the manufacturing effort can be reduced.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, embodiment disclosed above is an illustration to the last, Comprising: The scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiment. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

1 is a partial front sectional view of a microreactor according to the present invention. It is the II arrow directional view of FIG. It is an external appearance perspective view of the 1st element and 2nd element which comprise a flow-path formation body. It is a figure which shows the structure outline | summary of the 1st element which comprises a flow-path formation body. It is a figure which shows the structure outline | summary of the 2nd element which comprises a flow-path formation body. It is a figure which shows the component of a 1st element. It is a figure which shows the component of a 1st element. It is a figure which shows the mode of the flow of the fluid in a flow-path formation body. It is a figure which shows typically the virtual partition formed in a flow-path formation body.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Microreactor 2 Outer shell 3 Cover body with flow path forming body chamber
3S sealed space 4 flow path forming body 31 lid
32 cylindrical portion 32S flow path forming body chamber 43 micro flow path 4R first element 4L second element 42R C merging chamber (first merging chamber)
42L C merge room (second merge room)
43R micro channel (first micro channel)
43L microchannel (second microchannel)
44 Partition H1 Coolant inlet port (Cooling fluid inlet port)
H2 Coolant outlet port (Cooling fluid outlet port)
L Perforated thin disk (thin plate material)
R Perforated thin disk (thin plate material)
P1 inlet port P2 outlet port

Claims (4)

An inlet port for introducing multiple types of target fluids to be mixed or reacted, a micro flow channel for mixing or reacting with the target fluid connected to the inlet port, and a mixed or reacted with the micro flow channel an outlet port for taking out the subject fluid,
A first element formed with a plurality of first microchannels for transferring the target fluid while rotating in the clockwise direction, and a plurality of second microchannels for transferring the target fluid while rotating in the counterclockwise direction In the microreactor in which the microchannel is formed by alternately connecting the second elements formed with
The first element is formed with a first merging chamber in which target fluids flowing out from the plurality of first microchannels merge.
A microreactor, wherein the second element is formed with a second merging chamber in which target fluids flowing out from a plurality of second microchannels merge . The first element, a plurality of thin plate that includes a partition portion for partitioning the through hole and the through hole in the left-right symmetric, as the partitioning portion by the adjacent ones to each other are polarized angle in the clockwise direction by a predetermined angle It is constructed by laminating sheets,
The second element is a thin plate that includes a partition portion for partitioning the through hole and the through hole in the left-right symmetric, as the partitioning portion by the adjacent ones to each other are polarized angle in the counterclockwise direction by a predetermined angle The microreactor according to claim 1, wherein the microreactor is configured by stacking a plurality of sheets. The microreactor according to claim 2 , wherein the diameter of the through hole is 2 mm or less. An outer shell having a bottomed cylindrical body , an opening at one end and an inlet port at the other end and a cooling fluid inlet port and a cooling fluid outlet port penetrating the outer peripheral surface ;
A lid having an outlet port for sealing the opening of the outer shell, and a hollow cylindrical shape that extends from the center of one end of the lid in the axial direction of the microreactor main body and functions as a flow path forming body chamber A cover with a flow path forming body chamber comprising a portion;
A first micro-channel that is housed in a channel-forming body chamber in the lid with a channel-forming body chamber and transfers the target fluid while rotating the target fluid in a clockwise direction, and while rotating the target fluid in a counterclockwise direction A microreactor integrated with a flow path forming body configured to alternately form second micro flow paths to be transferred ,
The inlet port and the outlet port communicate with each other through the first microchannel and the second microchannel in the channel forming body,
Constructed microreactor, wherein the kite such that the cooling fluid inlet and cooling fluid outlet port and the closed space communicating is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the outer peripheral surface and the outer shell of the cylindrical portion.

Images