JP4211611B2 - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4211611B2 JP4211611B2 JP2004007136A JP2004007136A JP4211611B2 JP 4211611 B2 JP4211611 B2 JP 4211611B2 JP 2004007136 A JP2004007136 A JP 2004007136A JP 2004007136 A JP2004007136 A JP 2004007136A JP 4211611 B2 JP4211611 B2 JP 4211611B2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/0235—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using exhaust gas throttling means
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- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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- F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
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- F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
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- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/36—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
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- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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- F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
- F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
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Description
すなわち排気浄化部材に供給される添加剤は、同排気浄化部材での燃焼や酸化反応等によって基本的には気化・焼失される。しかし、一部の添加剤が燃焼や酸化反応等に供されることなくそのまま排気浄化部材に付着してしまうと、これがバインダとなってPM等を吸着し、排気浄化部材に詰まりを生じさせるおそれがある。
請求項1に記載の発明は、排気通路に配設された第1の排気浄化部材と、この第1の排気浄化部材に添加剤を供給する添加剤供給手段とを備える内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、前記第1の排気浄化部材の排気下流側には第2の排気浄化部材が設けられ、前記第1の排気浄化部材を通過した直後の排気の温度を測定する第1温度センサと、前記第2の排気浄化部材を通過した直後の排気の温度を測定する第2温度センサと、前記添加剤供給が行われたときに前記第2温度センサによって測定される第2排気温度と前記第1温度センサによって測定される第1排気温度との温度差に基づいて前記第1の排気浄化部材の詰まりを診断する診断手段とを備えることをその要旨とする。
以下、この発明にかかる内燃機関の排気浄化装置を具体化した第1の実施形態について、図1〜図4を併せ参照して説明する。
エンジン1には複数の気筒#1〜#4が設けられている。シリンダヘッド2には複数の燃料噴射弁4a〜4dが取り付けられている。これら燃料噴射弁4a〜4dは各気筒#1〜#4の燃焼室に燃料を噴射する。また、シリンダヘッド2には、外気を気筒内に導入するための吸気ポートと燃焼ガスを気筒外へ排出するための排気ポート6a〜6dとが各気筒#1〜#4に対応して設けられている。
排気通路26の途中には、排気成分を浄化する触媒装置30が設けられている。この触媒装置30の内部には直列に2つの排気浄化部材が配設されている。
A.ディーゼルエンジンの場合、排気の空燃比は通常リーンであるため、NOx吸蔵還元型触媒31やDPNR触媒32のNOx吸蔵量が限界に達する前に、排気の空燃比をリッチにしてNOx吸蔵還元型触媒31やDPNR触媒32に吸蔵されたNOxを還元・放出させる必要がある。そこで、制御装置25は機関運転状態等に基づいて推定されるNOx吸蔵量が所定の限界値に達したときに、上記噴射ノズル5による燃料添加を通じたNOx還元処理を実行する。このときに噴射される燃料はNOx吸蔵還元型触媒31やDPNR触媒32に到達すると、NOx還元剤として作用する。また、NOx吸蔵還元型触媒31やDPNR触媒32で燃焼することによって酸素が消費され、排気の空燃比はリッチになる。このようなNOx還元処理により、NOx吸蔵還元型触媒31やDPNR触媒32のNOx浄化機能は維持される。
ここで、NOx吸蔵還元型触媒31やDPNR触媒32は、その温度が過剰に高くなると破損してしまうおそれがある。特に、DPNR触媒32にはNOx吸蔵還元型触媒31で昇温された排気が流入するため、DPNR触媒32の温度はNOx吸蔵還元型触媒31よりも高くなる傾向がある。従って、排気温度を機関運転状態に応じた目標温度に制御して、DPNR触媒32の過昇温を抑制するようにすれば、自ずとNOx吸蔵還元型触媒31の過昇温も抑制することができる。
本処理が開始されると、第2排気温度Thoが読み込まれる(ステップS110)。次に、目標排気温度PTと第2排気温度Thoとの偏差に基づき、噴射ノズル5による燃料添加量が設定され(ステップS120)、本処理は一旦終了される。この目標排気温度PTはDPNR触媒32の排気浄化性能を確保しつつ、その過昇温を抑制することのできる温度であり、機関運転状態、例えば排気温度と相関関係にある機関負荷等に応じて設定される。また、目標排気温度PTと第2排気温度Thoとの偏差が大きくなるほど、すなわち第2排気温度Thoが目標排気温度PTよりも高くなるほど燃料添加量は減量される。そして、この設定された燃料添加量が噴射ノズル5から噴射されることにより、DPNR触媒32の下流側の排気温度は目標排気温度PTに制御される。すなわち、DPNR触媒32の温度は機関運転状態毎に所定の温度に維持される。
すなわちNOx吸蔵還元型触媒31やDPNR触媒32といった各排気浄化部材に供給される添加剤は、排気浄化部材での燃焼や酸化反応等によって基本的には気化・焼失される。しかし、一部の添加剤が燃焼や酸化反応等に供されることなくそのまま排気浄化部材に付着してしまうと、これがバインダとなってPM等を吸着し、排気浄化部材に詰まりを生じさせるおそれがある。
この図3は所定の機関運転状態において、噴射ノズル5からの燃料添加が実施されたときの第1排気温度Thi及び第2排気温度Thoの変化態様を示している。
以上説明したように、本実施形態によれば次のような効果を得ることができる。
(第2の実施形態)
次に、この発明にかかる内燃機関の排気浄化装置を具体化した第2の実施形態について、図6を併せ参照して説明する。
次に、第1排気温度Thiが詰まり判定値A以下であるか否かが判定される(ステップS320)。この詰まり判定値AはNOx吸蔵還元型触媒31に詰まりが生じていることを判定するための値であり、詰まりが生じていないときの第1排気温度Thiよりも低い値が予め設定されている。そして、第1排気温度Thiが詰まり判定値Aよりも大きい旨判定される場合には(ステップS320:NO)、現在の第1排気温度Thiがそれほど低くなく、NOx吸蔵還元型触媒31の詰まり度合も小さい、すなわちNOx吸蔵還元型触媒31に詰まりが生じていないと判断され、本処理は一旦終了される。
なお同様な態様で、第2排気温度Thoに基づきDPNR触媒32の詰まりの状態を診断するとともに、同DPNR触媒32の詰まり度合を低減させることもできる。
なお、上記各実施形態は以下のように変更して実施することもできる。
また、第2の実施形態における詰まり判定値Aや詰まり判定値Bを機関運転状態、例えば機関負荷等に応じて可変設定するようにしても、この変形例と同様な効果を得ることができる。
・上記各実施形態及びその変形例における添加剤は内燃機関用の燃料であったが、これと同様な作用が得られる添加剤であればどのようなものでもよい。
・機関燃焼室に燃料を供給する燃料噴射弁の噴射時期を制御してポスト噴射を実施させる噴射時期制御処理を上記添加剤供給手段とするようにしてもよい。このポスト噴射とは、メイン噴射(圧縮上死点近傍で実行され、かつ機関負荷にほぼ対応した燃料量が噴射される噴射)から大きく遅角した時期に実行される燃料噴射である。この場合には、ポスト噴射によって噴射された燃料の一部が、これに先立つメイン噴射によって噴射された燃料の燃焼から若干遅れて燃焼するため、排気を昇温させるといった効果を奏する。また、燃焼されなかった残りの燃料は排気とともに排気通路26に導入され、添加剤として排気浄化部材に供給される。従って、ポスト噴射の実施によっても各排気浄化部材に添加剤を供給することができるようになる。なお、このポスト噴射と上述したような添加剤供給機構による添加剤供給とを同時に行うようにしてもよい。
Claims (12)
- 排気通路に配設された第1の排気浄化部材と、この第1の排気浄化部材に添加剤を供給する添加剤供給手段とを備える内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、
前記第1の排気浄化部材の排気下流側には第2の排気浄化部材が設けられ、
前記第1の排気浄化部材を通過した直後の排気の温度を測定する第1温度センサと、
前記第2の排気浄化部材を通過した直後の排気の温度を測定する第2温度センサと、
前記添加剤供給が行われたときに前記第2温度センサによって測定される第2排気温度と前記第1温度センサによって測定される第1排気温度との温度差に基づいて前記第1の排気浄化部材の詰まりを診断する診断手段とを備える
ことを特徴とする内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記診断手段は前記温度差が大きくなるほど前記詰まりの度合が高いと診断する
請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 請求項1または2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、
前記添加剤供給手段による添加剤供給量を調量することにより前記第2排気温度を機関運転状態に応じた目標排気温度に制御する排気温度制御手段を備える
ことを特徴とする内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記排気温度制御手段は前記第2排気温度が前記目標排気温度よりも高くなるほど前記添加剤供給量を減少させる
請求項3に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、
前記第1の排気浄化部材に付着した付着物の量を減少させるために同第1の排気浄化部材の温度を上昇させる昇温手段をさらに備え、同昇温手段による昇温処理の実行可否を前記詰まりの診断結果に基づいて判断する
ことを特徴とする内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記昇温手段は前記詰まりの診断結果に応じて前記第1の排気浄化部材の昇温度合を可変設定する
請求項5に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記昇温手段は前記昇温処理として排気流量を機関制御量の調整を通じて減少させる処理を実行する
請求項5または6記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記調整される機関制御量は、吸入空気量を調量するスロットル弁の開度、排気還流量を調量する排気還流弁の開度、及び排気の流量を調整する排気絞り弁の開度のうちの少なくともいずれか1つである
請求項7に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記添加剤供給手段は前記排気通路に設けられた添加剤供給機構である
請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記添加剤供給手段は機関燃焼室に燃料を供給する燃料噴射弁の噴射時期を制御してポスト噴射を実施させる
請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記第1の排気浄化部材は排気中のNOxを浄化するためのNOx浄化触媒である
請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記第1の排気浄化部材は排気中の粒子状物質を捕集するフィルタである
請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
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DE102005058858A1 (de) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-14 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung bei Verbrennungsmotoren, und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens |
JP4506724B2 (ja) | 2006-06-07 | 2010-07-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Pmトラッパの故障検出システム |
JP4483832B2 (ja) | 2006-06-16 | 2010-06-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Pmトラッパの故障検出システム |
JP4935983B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-24 | 2012-05-23 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
FR2910535B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-21 | 2009-09-04 | Renault Sas | Moteur a combustion interne pour vehicule automobile comprenant un dispositif de filtrage et procede de controle correspondant |
JP4798508B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-05 | 2011-10-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 触媒の劣化診断装置 |
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JP5880739B2 (ja) | 2013-01-31 | 2016-03-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の異常検出装置 |
JP6358191B2 (ja) * | 2015-08-17 | 2018-07-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
CN105569789B (zh) * | 2015-12-14 | 2019-05-28 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 一种检测发动机的scr箱堵塞的方法及装置 |
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JP2722987B2 (ja) | 1992-09-28 | 1998-03-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
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