JP4166084B2 - Imidazole derivatives - Google Patents
Imidazole derivatives Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4166084B2 JP4166084B2 JP2002516273A JP2002516273A JP4166084B2 JP 4166084 B2 JP4166084 B2 JP 4166084B2 JP 2002516273 A JP2002516273 A JP 2002516273A JP 2002516273 A JP2002516273 A JP 2002516273A JP 4166084 B2 JP4166084 B2 JP 4166084B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cyclobutyl
- imidazol
- cis
- acetylamino
- naphthalen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 title description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 184
- -1 1-cyclopentyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 73
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001602 bicycloalkyls Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000005915 C6-C14 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
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- 125000004648 C2-C8 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004649 C2-C8 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002868 norbornyl group Chemical group C12(CCC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XJRCZTVFSOVAQW-KDURUIRLSA-N C1[C@@H](NC(=O)C)C[C@H]1N1C=C(NC(=O)CC=2C=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=2)N=C1 Chemical compound C1[C@@H](NC(=O)C)C[C@H]1N1C=C(NC(=O)CC=2C=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=2)N=C1 XJRCZTVFSOVAQW-KDURUIRLSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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Description
【0001】
本発明の分野
本発明は、イミダゾール誘導体、その様な誘導体を含んで成る医薬組成物並びに、異常な細胞増殖並びに中枢神経系のある疾患及び症状を処置するための、その様な誘導体を用いる方法、に関する。本発明の化合物は、サイクリン依存性プロテインキナーゼ酵素cdk5(サイクリン依存性プロテインキナーゼ5)及びcdk2(サイクリン依存性プロテインキナーゼ2)の阻害剤として働く。本発明の化合物はまた、酵素GSK-3(グリコーゲン合成酵素キナーゼ−3)酵素の阻害剤でもある。
【0002】
本発明の背景
セリン/スレオニンキナーゼcdk5は、その補因子p25(又はより長い補因子、p35)と一緒に神経変性障害に関連しており、そしてそれ故にcdk5/p25(又はcdk5/p35)の阻害剤が神経変性障害、例えばアルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、脳卒中、ハンチントン舞踏病の処置に有用である。cdk5阻害剤を用いるその様な神経変性障害の処置は、cdk5がタウタンパク質のリン酸化に関与するという発見(J. Biochem, 117, 741-749(1995))によって支持されている。cdk5はまた、75番目がスレオニンのドーパミン及びサイクリックAMP制御型リン酸タンパク質(phosphorprotein)(DARPP-32)をリン酸化し、そしてこのようにドーパミン作動性の神経伝達における役割を有することが示唆されている(Nature, 402, 669-671(1999))。
【0003】
セリン/スレオニンキナーゼcdk2は正常な細胞周期にとって必須であり、そして、多くの腫瘍学的な障害の一般的な特徴である異常な細胞周期に起因する障害において重大な役割を果たしている。cdk2の阻害剤は、それ故に様々な型のガン及び異常な細胞増殖に関連する他の疾患又は症状の処置に有用である
【表1】
【0004】
GSK-3はセリン/スレオニンプロテインキナーゼである。それはグリコーゲン合成酵素をリン酸化する複数のプロテインキナーゼのうちの1つである(Embi, et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 107:519-527(1980);Hemmings et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 119:443-451(1982))。GSK-3は、脊椎動物において、それぞれ49kD及び47kDの単量体構造を有することが報告されている、α及びβの2つのイソ型で存在する。両イソ型は、筋肉グリコーゲン合成酵素をリン酸化する(Cross, et al., Biochemical Journal 303:21-26(1994))。GSK-3の種ホモログ間でのアミノ酸の同一性は、触媒ドメイン内では98%超であることが示唆されている(Plyte, et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1114:147-162(1992))。系統発生的な範囲にわたる著しく高い変換の程度に起因して、細胞の過程におけるGSK-3の基本的な役割が示唆されている。
【0005】
GSK-3は多くの異なる病状及び症状に関連している。例えば、Chen, et al, Diabetes 43:1234-1241(1994)においては、GSK-3活性の増大が2型糖尿病において重要であり得ることが示唆されている。糖尿病の筋肉において増大したGSk-3の発現は、グリコーゲン合成酵素活性障害及び2型糖尿病に存在する骨格筋インスリン耐性に寄与するとも考えられている(Nikoulina, et al., Diabetes 49:263-271(2000))。また、動けない精子において測定された1型プロテインホスファターゼの活性が高いほど、より高いGSK-3活性に寄与しており、そして精子の運動を停止状態に維持するのに重要であると示唆された(Vijayaraghaven, et al. Biology of Reproduction 54:709-718(1996))。Vijayaraghaven等は、その様な結果が精子の運動の発達及び制御のための生化学的な基礎及びプロテインホスファターゼ1/阻害剤2/GSK-3系にとって可能性のある生理学的役割を示唆することを指摘している。GSK-3活性は、アルツハイマー病及び気分障害、例えば躁鬱病とも関連している(WO 97/41854)。他の症状の中でも特に、GSK-3は脱毛症、統合失調症、及び神経変性に関与しており、これらは慢性的な神経変性病(例えば上記アルツハイマー病)及び神経外傷、例えば脳卒中、外傷性脳損傷、及び脊髄損傷を含む。
【0006】
本発明の要約
本発明は式
【化2】
(ここで、R1 は直鎖又は分枝(C1 −C8 )アルキル、直鎖又は分枝(C2 −C8 )アルケニル、直鎖又は分枝(C2 −C8 )アルキニル、(C3 −C8 )シクロアルキル、(C4 −C8 )シクロアルケニル、(3〜8員の)ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C5 −C11)ビシクロアルキル、(C7 −C11)ビシクロアルケニル、(5〜11員の)ヘテロビシクロアルキル、(C6 −C14)アリール、あるいは(5〜14員の)ヘテロアリールであり;そしてこの中で、R1 は任意に、F、Cl、Br、I、ニトロ、シアノ、−CF3 、−NR7 R8 、−NR7 C(=O)R8 、−NR7 C(=O)OR8 、−NR7 C(=O)NR8 R9 、−NR7 S(=O)2 R8 、−NR7 S(=O)2 NR8 R9 、−OR7 、−OC(=O)R7 、−OC(=O)OR7 、−C(=O)OR7 、−C(=O)R7 、−C(=O)NR7 R8 、−OC(=O)NR7 R8 、−OC(=O)SR7 、−SR7 、−S(=O)R7 、−S(=O)2 R7 、−S(=O)2 NR7 R8 、−O−S(=O)2 R7 、−N3 及びR7 から独立して選択される1〜6個の置換基R5 によって置換され;
R2 はH、F、CH3 、CN、又はC(=O)OR7 であり;
R3 は−C(=O)NR9 −、−C(=O)O−、−C(=O)(CR10R11)n −、又は−(CR10R11)n −であり;
R4 は直鎖又は分枝(C1 −C8 )アルキル、直鎖又は分枝(C2 −C8 )アルケニル、直鎖又は分枝(C2 −C8 アルキニル)、(C3 −C8 )シクロアルキル、(C4 −C8 )シクロアルケニル、(3〜8員の)ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C5 −C11)ビシクロアルキル、(C7 −C11)ビシクロアルケニル、(5〜11員の)ヘテロビシクロアルキル、(C6 −C14)アリール、あるいは(5〜14員の)ヘテロアリールであり;そしてこの中で、R4 は任意にF、Cl、Br、I、ニトロ、シアノ、−CF3 、−NR7 R8 、−NR7 C(=O)R8 、−NR7 C(=O)OR8 、−NR7 C(=O)NR8 R9 、−NR7 S(=O)2 R8 、−NR7 S(=O)2 NR8 R9 、−OR7 、−OC(=O)R7 、−OC(=O)OR7 、−C(=O)OR7 、−C(=O)R7 、−C(=O)NR7 R8 、−OC(=O)NR7 R8 、−OC(=O)SR7 、−SR7 、−S(=O)R7 、−S(=O)2 R7 、−S(=O)2 NR7 R8 、又はR7 から独立して選択される1〜3個の置換基R6 で置換され;
R7 、R8 、及びR9 はそれぞれ独立して、H、直鎖又は分枝(C1 −C8 )アルキル、直鎖又は分枝(C2 −C8 )アルケニル、直鎖又は分枝(C2 −C8 )アルキニル、(C3 −C8 )シクロアルキル、(C4 −C8 )シクロアルケニル、(3〜8員の)ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C5 −C11)ビシクロアルキル、(C7 −C11)ビシクロアルケニル、(5〜11員の)ヘテロビシクロアルキル、(C6 −C14)アリール、及び(5〜14員の)ヘテロアリールから選択され、この中で、R7 、R8 、及びR9 は、F、Cl、Br、I、−NO2 、−CN、−CF3 、−NR10R11、−NR10C(=O)R11、−NR10C(=O)OR11、−NR10C(=O)NR11R12、−NR10S(=O)2 R11、−NR10S(=O)2 NR11R12、−OR10、OC(=O)R10、−OC(=O)OR10、−OC(=O)NR10R11、−OC(=O)SR10、−SR10、−S(=O)R10、−S(=O)2 R10、−S(=O)2 NR10R11、−C(=O)R10、−C(=O)OR10、−C(=O)NR10R11、及びR10から独立して選択される1〜6個の置換基でそれぞれ任意に置換され;
あるいは、R7 とR8 がNR7 R8 の場合には、それらはその代わりとして任意に、それらが結合しているNR7 R8 の窒素と一緒に、3〜7員環のヘテロシクロアルキル部分であって、N、O、及びSから独立して選択される1又は2以上のヘテロ原子を任意に含んで成るヘテロシクロアルキルを形成するべく結合することがあり;
R10、R11、及びR12はそれぞれ独立して、H、直鎖又は分枝(C1 −C8 )アルキル、直鎖又は分枝(C2 −C8 )アルケニル、直鎖又は分枝(C2 −C8 )アルキニル、(C3 −C8 )シクロアルキル、(C4 −C8 )シクロアルケニル、(3〜8員の)ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C5 −C11)ビシクロアルキル、(C7 −C11)ビシクロアルケニル、(5〜11員の)ヘテロビシクロアルキル、(C6 −C14)アリール、及び(5〜14員の)ヘテロアリールから選択され、ここで、R10、R11、及びR12はそれぞれ、F、Cl、Br、I、−NO2 、−CN、−CF3 、−NR13R14、−NR13C(=O)R14、−NR13C(=O)OR14、−NR13C(=O)NR14R15、−NR13S(=O)2 R14、−NR13S(=O)2 NR14R15、−OR13、−OC(=O)R13、−OC(=O)OR13、−OC(=O)NR13R14、−OC(=O)SR13、−SR13、−S(=O)R13、−S(=O)2 R13、−S(=O)2 NR13R14、−C(=O)R13、−C(=O)OR13、−C(=O)NR13R14、及びR13から独立して選択される1〜6個の置換基で独立して任意に置換され;
R13、R14、及びR15はそれぞれ独立して、H、直鎖又は分枝(C1 −C8 )アルキル、直鎖又は分枝(C2 −C8 )アルケニル、直鎖又は分枝(C2 −C8 )アルキニル、(C3 −C8 )シクロアルキル、(C4 −C8 )シクロアルケニル、(3〜8員の)ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C5 −C11)ビシクロアルキル、(C7 −C11)ビシクロアルケニル、(5〜11員の)ヘテロビシクロアルキル、(C6 −C14)アリール、及び(5〜14員の)ヘテロアリールから選択され、ここで、R13、R14、及びR15はそれぞれ独立して、F、Cl、Br、I、NO2 、−CN、−CF3 、−NR16R17、−NR16C(=O)R17、−NR16C(=O)OR17、−NR16C(=O)NR17R18、−NR16S(=O)2 R17、−NR16S(=O)2 NR17R18、−OR16、−OC(=O)R16、−OC(=O)OR16、−OC(=O)NR16R17、−OC(=O)SR16、−SR16、−S(=O)R16、−S(=O)2 R16、−S(=O)2 NR16R17、−C(=O)R16、−C(=O)OR16、−C(=O)NR16R17、及びR16から独立して選択される1〜6個の置換基で任意に置換され、
R16、R17、及びR18はそれぞれ独立して、H、直鎖又は分枝(C1 −C8 )アルキル、直鎖又は分枝(C2 −C8 )アルケニル、直鎖又は分枝(C2 −C8 アルキニル)、(C3 −C8 )シクロアルキル、(C4 −C8 )シクロアルケニル、(3〜8員の)ヘテロシクロアルキル、(C5 −C11)ビシクロアルキル、(C7 −C11)ビシクロアルケニル、(5〜11員の)ヘテロビシクロアルキル、(C6 −C14)アリール、及び(5〜14員の)ヘテロアリールから選択され;
nは0、1、2又は3であり;
ここで、−C(=O)(CR10R11)n −及び−(CR10R11)n −のR10とR11はそれぞれ、上文で列記した様に独立して限定されるnの繰り返しのものである)の化合物及び医薬として許容されるその塩を提供する。
【0007】
本発明の式1の化合物は、セリン/スレオニンキナーゼ、特にサイクリン依存性キナーゼ、例えばcdk5及びcdk2の阻害剤であり、そして神経変性障害及び他のCNS障害、並びに異常な細胞増殖、例えばガンの処置に有用である。式1の化合物は、特にcdk5の阻害に有用である。式1の化合物はまた、GSK-3の阻害剤として有用である。
【0008】
用語「アルキル」は、本明細書で使用する場合、特に断らない限り、直鎖又は分枝部分を有する飽和した一価の炭化水素遊離基を含む。アルキル基の例は、限定しないが、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、及びt-ブチルを含む。
【0009】
用語「アルケニル」は、本明細書で使用する場合、特に断らない限り、少なくとも1つの炭素−炭素二重結合を有する、上文で限定したアルキル部分を含む。アルケニルの例は、限定しないがエテニル及びプロペニルを含む。
【0010】
用語「アルキニル」は、本明細書で使用する場合、特に断らない限り、少なくとも1つの炭素−炭素三重結合を有する、上文で限定したアルキル部分を含む。アルキニル基の例は、限定しないがエチニル及び2−プロピニルを含む。
【0011】
用語「シクロアルキル」は、本明細書で使用する場合、特に断らない限り、芳香族ではない、飽和した環状アルキルを含み、ここでのアルキルは上文で定義した通りである。シクロアルキルの例は、限定しないがシクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、及びシクロヘプチルを含む。「ビシクロアルキル」基は、1又は2つの炭素原子を共有する2つの環から成る、芳香環でない飽和炭素環基である。本発明の目的のために、且つ特に断らない限り、ビシクロアルキル基はスピロ基及び縮合環基を含む。ビシクロアルキル基の例は、限定しないがビシクロ-[3.1.0]-ヘキシル、ノルボルニル、スピロ[4.5]デシル、スピロ[4.4]ノニル、スピロ[4.3]オクチル、及びスピロ[4.2]ヘプチルを含む。「シクロアルケニル」及び「ビシクロアルケニル」は、芳香族でない、炭素環式シクロアルキル及びビシクロアルキル部分であって、上文で定義した通りのものを言及し、但し、炭素環の員を連結する1又は複数の炭素−炭素二重結合(「環内」二重結合)及び/又は炭素環の員と隣接する環以外の炭素を連結する炭素−炭素二重結合(「環外」二重結合)を含んで成る。シクロアルケニル基の例は、限定しないがシクロペンテニル及びシクロブテニルを含み、そしてビシクロアルケニル基の限定しない例は、ノルボルネニルである。シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、ビシクロアルキル、及びビシクロアルケニル基はまた、1又は複数のオキソ部分で置換される基を含む。オキソ部分を有するその様な基の例は、オキソシクロペンチル、オキソシクロブチル、オキソシクロペンテニル、及びノルカンフォリルである。
【0012】
用語「アリール」は、本明細書で使用する場合、特に断らない限り、1つの水素の除去によって芳香族炭化水素から誘導される有機性遊離基、例えばフェニル、ナフチル、インデニル、及びフルオレニルを含む。
【0013】
用語「ヘテロ環」、「ヘテロシクロアルキル」等の用語は、本明細書で使用する場合、1又は複数のヘテロ原子、好ましくは1〜4個の、O, S及びNから選択されるいずれかのヘテロ原子を含む非芳香族環基を言及する。「ヘテロビシクロアルキル」基は非芳香族の2つの環による環基であり、ここで前記環は1又は2つの原子を共有し、そして前記環の少なくとも1つがヘテロ原子(O, S及びN)を含むものである。本発明の目的のためであって、且つ特に断らない場合のヘテロビシクロアルキル基は、スピロ基及び縮合環基を含む。1つの態様において、ヘテロビシクロアルキルの各環は、最大4個のヘテロ原子(すなわち0〜4個のヘテロ原子であり、但し、少なくとも1つの環が少なくとも1つのヘテロ原子を含む)を含む。本発明のヘテロ環基はまた、1又は複数のオキソ部分で置換された環系を含んでもよい。非芳香族ヘテロ環基の例は、アジリジニル、アゼチジニル、ピロリジニル、ピペリジニル、アゼピニル、ピペラジニル、1,2,3,6-テトラヒドロピリジニル、オキシラニル、オクセタニル、テトラヒドロフラニル、テトラヒドロチエニル、テトラヒドロピラニル、テトラヒドロチオピラニル、モルホリノ、チオモルホリノ、チオキサニル、ピロリニル、インドリニル、2H-ピラニル、4H-ピラニル、ジオキサニル、1,3-ジオキソラニル、ピラゾリニル、ジヒドロピラニル、ジヒドロチエニル、ジヒドロフラニル、ピラゾリジニル、イミダゾリニル、イミダゾリジニル、3-アザビシクロ[3.1.0]ヘキサニル、3-アザビシクロ[4.1.0]ヘプタニル、キノリジニル、キヌクリジニル、1,4-ジオキサスピロ[4.5]デシル、1,4-ジオキサスピロ[4.4]ノニル、1,4-ジオキサスピロ[4.3]オクチル、及び1,4-ジオキサスピロ[4.2]ヘプチルである。
【0014】
「ヘテロアリール」は、本明細書で使用する場合、1又は複数のヘテロ原子(O, S及びN)、好ましくは1〜4個のヘテロ原子を含む芳香族基を言及する。1又は複数のヘテロ原子を含む多環式の基であって、前記基の少なくとも1つの環が芳香族であるものは、「ヘテロアリール」基である。本発明のヘテロアリール基はまた、1又は複数のオキソ部分で置換された環系を含んでもよい。ヘテロアリール基の例は、ピリジニル、ピリダジニル、イミダゾリル、ピリミジニル、ピラゾリル、トリアゾリル、ピラジニル、キノリル、イソキノリル、テトラゾリル、フリル、チエニル、イソキサゾリル、チアゾリル、オキサゾリル、イソチアゾリル、ピロリル、インドリル、ベンズイミダゾリル、ベンズフラニル、シンノリニル、インダゾリル、インドリジニル、フタラジニル、トリアジニル、イソインドリル、プリニル、オキサジアゾリル、チアジアゾリル、フラザニル、ベンゾフラザニル、ベンゾチオフェニル、ベンゾトリアゾリル、ベンゾチアゾリル、ベンズオキサゾリル、キナゾリニル、キノキサリニル、ナフチリジニル、ジヒドロキノリル、テトラヒドロキノリル、ジヒドロイソキノリル、テトラヒドロイソキノリル、ベンゾフリル、フロピリジニル、ピロロピリミジニル、及びアザインドリルである。
【0015】
上文に列記した化合物から誘導されるような前述の基は、可能な場合にはC結合型又はN結合型であってもよい。例えば、ピロールから誘導される基は、ピロール-1-イル(N結合型)又はピロール-3-イル(C結合型)であってもよい。前記基を言及する用語も、全ての可能性のある互変異性体を包含する。
【0016】
1つの態様において、本発明は式1の化合物(ここで、R3 はC(=O)NR9 −又は−C(=O)(CR10R11)n −である)の化合物を提供する。別の態様において、−C(=O)(CR10R11)n −のR10及びR11は共に水素であり、それぞれn回繰り返されたものである。別の態様において、−C(=O)NR9 −のR9 は水素である。別の態様において、R3 は−C(=O)NR9 −又は−C(=O)(CR10R11)n −であり、そしてR2 は水素である。
【0017】
本発明の別の態様において、式1の化合物は、R1 が任意に置換された(C3 −C8 )シクロアルキルであり、又は任意に置換された(C5 −C11)ビシクロアルキルであるものが提供される。好ましい態様として、R1 がシクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、又はノルボルニルであり、それぞれが上文で列記した様に(すなわち、F、Cl、Br、I、ニトロ、シアノ、−CF3 、−NR7 R8 、−NR7 C(=O)R8 、−NR7 C(=O)OR8 、−NR7 C(=O)NR8 R9 、−NR7 S(=O)2 R8 、−NR7 S(=O)2 NR8 R9 、−OR7 、−OC(=O)R7 、−OC(=O)OR7 、−C(=O)OR7 、−C(=O)R7 、−C(=O)NR7 R8 、−OC(=O)NR7 R8 、−OC(=O)SR7 、−SR7 、−S(=O)R7 、−S(=O)2 R7 、−S(=O)2 NR7 R8 、及びR7 から独立して選択される1〜6個の置換基R5 で任意に)任意に置換されたものである。更に好ましい態様において、R1 は(C3 −C8 )シクロアルキル又は任意に置換された(C5 −C11)ビシクロアルキル、例えばシクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、又はノルボルニルであり、そしてF、Cl、Br、I、ニトロ、シアノ、−CF3 、−NR7 R8 、−NR7 C(=O)R8 、−OR7 、−C(=O)OR7 、−C(=O)R7 、及びR7 から独立して選択される1〜3個の置換基で任意に置換される。更に好ましくは、R1 は(C3 −C8 )シクロアルキル又は任意に置換された(C5 −C11)ビシクロアルキル、例えばシクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、又はノルボルニルであり、そしてR1 は−NR7 C(=O)R8 、(C6 −C14)アリール、(3〜8員の)ヘテロシクロアルキル、又は(5〜14員の)ヘテロアリールで置換され、ここで、前記アリール、ヘテロシクロアルキル、及びヘテロアリールはF、Cl、Br、I、NO2 、−CN、−CF3 、−NR10R11、−NR10C(=O)R11、−NR10C(=O)OR11、−NR10C(=O)NR11R12、−NR10S(=O)2 R11、−NR10S(=O)2 NR11R12、−OR10、−OC(=O)R10、−OC(=O)OR10、−OC(=O)NR10R11、−OC(=O)SR10、−SR10、−S(=O)R10、−S(=O)2 R10、−S(=O)2 NR10R11、−C(=O)R10、−C(=O)OR10、−C(=O)NR10R11、及びR10から独立して選択される1〜6個の置換基でそれぞれ任意に置換される。本発明の別の態様においてR1 はビシクロ〔3.1.0〕−ヘキシルであり、そして上文で列記した様に任意に置換される(すなわち、F、Cl、Br、I、ニトロ、シアノ、−CF3 、−NR7 R8 、−NR7 C(=O)R8 、−NR7 C(=O)OR8 、−NR7 C(=O)NR8 R9 、−NR7 S(=O)2 R8 、−NR7 S(=O)2 NR8 R9 、−OR7 、−OC(=O)R7 、−OC(=O)OR7 、−C(=O)OR7 、−C(=O)R7 、−C(=O)NR7 R8 、−OC(=O)NR7 R8 、−OC(=O)SR7 、−SR7 、−S(=O)R7 、−S(=O)2 R7 、−S(=O)2 NR7 R8 、及びR7 から独立して選択される1〜6個の置換基で任意に置換される)。
【0018】
本発明の別の態様において、式1の化合物は、R1 が任意に置換された直鎖又は分枝(C1 −C8 )アルキル、あるいは任意に置換された直鎖又は分枝(C2 −C8 )アルケニルであるものが提供される。
【0019】
本発明の別の態様において、式1の化合物は、R2 が水素ではないものが提供される。更なる態様において、R2 は水素であり、R1 は前節で一部限定した通りである。
【0020】
別の態様において、本発明は、R4 が(C6 −C14)アリール又は(5〜14員)ヘテロアリールであって、それぞれ任意に置換されている式1の化合物を提供する。好ましい態様において、R4 は任意に置換されたフェニル又は任意に置換されたピリジルである。別の好ましい態様において、R4 はナフチル、キノリル、又はイソキノリルであり、それぞれ任意に置換される。別の態様において、R4 はナフチル、キノリル、又はイソキノリルであって、置換されていない。
【0021】
別の態様において、式1の化合物は、R2 が特異的に水素であり、そしてR4 が前節で一部限定された様なものが提供される。
【0022】
式1の好ましい化合物の例は:
N−(1−シクロブチル−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル)−2−キノリン−6−イル−アセトアミド;
N−(1−シクロペンチル−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル)−2−(4−メトキシ−フェニル)−アセトアミド;
N−〔1−(cis−3−フェニル−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル〕−2−キノリン−6−イル−アセトアミド;
(1−シクロブチル−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル)−カルバミン酸フェニルエステル;
1−(1−シクロブチル−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル)−3−イソキノリン−5−イル−ウレア;
N−〔1−(cis−3−アミノ−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル〕−2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセトアミド;
6−メチル−ピリジン−2−カルボン酸{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド;
1H−イミダゾール−4−カルボン酸{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド;
6−ヒドロキシ−ピリジン−2−カルボン酸{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド;
3−メチル−ピリジン−2−カルボン酸{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド;
2−ピリジン−3−イル−チアゾール−4−カルボン酸{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド;
6−{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチルカルバモイル}−ニコチン酸メチルエステル;
ピラジン−2−カルボン酸{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド;
N−{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−ベンズアミド;
5−メチル−ピラジン−2−カルボン酸{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド;
N−{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−イソブチルアミド;
6−クロロ−ピリジン−2−カルボン酸{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド;
キノリン−2−カルボン酸{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド;
1H−ピロール−2−カルボン酸{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド;
N−{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−2−m−トリル−アセトアミド;
ピリジン−2−カルボン酸{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド;
2−(3−ヒドロキシ−フェニル)−N−{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アセトアミド;
ピペリジン−4−カルボン酸{cis−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド塩酸塩;
N−〔1−(cis−3−アセチルアミノ−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル〕−2−ナフタレン−2−イル−アセトアミド;
N−{cis−3−〔4−(2−イソキノリン−5−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−ベンズアミド;及び
ピリジン−2−カルボン酸{cis−3−〔4−(2−イソキノリン−5−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド;
並びに前記化合物の医薬として許容される塩である。
【0023】
式1の本発明の他の具体的な化合物の例は:
cis−N−(1−ビシクロ〔3.1.0〕ヘキサ−3−イル−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル)−2−キノリン−6−イル−アセトアミド;
cis−N−{1−〔trans−6−(ピリジン−2−カルボニル)−ビシクロ〔3.1.0〕ヘキサ−3−イル〕−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル}−2−キノリン−6−イル−アセトアミド;
N−{1−〔cis−3−(2−メトキシ−フェニル)−シクロブチル〕−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル}−2−キノリン−6−イル−アセトアミド;
N−{1−〔cis−3−(2−フルオロ−フェニル)−シクロブチル〕−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル}−2−キノリン−6−イル−アセトアミド;
N−{1−〔cis−3−(4−メトキシ−フェニル)−シクロブチル〕−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル}−2−キノリン−6−イル−アセトアミド;
2−キノリン−6−イル−N−〔1−(cis−3−p−トリル−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル〕−アセトアミド;
N−{1−〔cis−3−(2−エトキシ−フェニル)−シクロブチル〕−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル}−2−キノリン−6−イル−アセトアミド;
N−{1−〔cis−3−(3−メトキシ−フェニル)−シクロブチル〕−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル}−2−キノリン−6−イル−アセトアミド;及び
前記化合物の医薬として許容される塩、である。
【0024】
式1の具体的な化合物の他の例は:
N−{1−〔3−(2−ヒドロキシ−フェニル)−シクロブチル〕−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル}−2−(4−メトキシ−フェニル)−アセトアミド;
N−{1−〔3−(3−ヒドロキシ−フェニル)−シクロブチル〕−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル}−2−(4−メトキシ−フェニル)−アセトアミド;
N−{1−〔3−(2−アミノ−フェニル)−シクロブチル〕−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル}−2−(4−メトキシ−フェニル)−アセトアミド;
N−{1−〔3−(3−アミノ−フェニル)−シクロブチル〕−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル}−2−(4−メトキシ−フェニル)−アセトアミド;
N−{1−〔3−(3−アミノメチル−フェニル)−シクロブチル〕−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル}−2−(4−メトキシ−フェニル)−アセトアミド;
N−{1−〔3−(3−ジメチルアミノメチル−フェニル)−シクロブチル〕−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル}−2−(4−メトキシ−フェニル)−アセトアミド;及び
2−(4−メトキシ−フェニル)−N−{1−〔3−(1−メチル−1H−ピラゾール−3−イル)−シクロブチル〕−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル}−アセトアミド;
並びに前記化合物の医薬として許容される塩である。
【0025】
式1の化合物の塩は、式1の化合物上に存在する任意の酸性又は塩基性基を用いて塩を形成することによって得ることができる。式1の化合物の医薬として許容される塩の例は、塩酸、p-トルエンスルホン酸、フマル酸、クエン酸、コハク酸、サリチル酸、シュウ酸、臭化水素酸、リン酸、メタンスルホン酸、酒石酸、マレイン酸、ジ-p-トルオイル酒石酸、酢酸、硫酸、ヨウ化水素酸、マンデル酸、ナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、及びリチウムの塩である。
【0026】
式1の化合物は光学中心を有することがあり、そしてそれ故に異なる鏡像異性体及び他の立体異性的な配置で生じることがある。本発明は、式1のその様な化合物の全ての鏡像異性体、ジアステレオマー、及び他の立体異性体、並びにラセミ対及び他のその混合物を含む。
【0027】
本発明はまた、1又は複数の原子が、自然界で通常見られる原子量又は質量数と異なる原子量又は質量数を有する原子によって置換されているという事実を別にすれば、式1で列記したものと同一の、同位体標識化合物を含む。本発明の化合物に組み込まれ得る同位体の例は、水素、炭素、窒素、酸素、リン、フッ素、ヨウ素、及び塩素の同位体、例えば3H, 11C, 14C, 18F, 123I及び125Iを含む。前述した同位体及び/又は他の原子の他の同位体を含む本発明の化合物及び前記化合物の医薬として許容される塩は本発明の範囲内にある。本発明の同位体標識化合物、例えば放射性同位体、例えば3H及び14Cが組み込まれたものは、薬物及び/又は基質組織分布アッセイにおいて有用である。トリチウム化された、すなわち3H,及び炭素-14、すなわち14Cの同位体は、それらの調製の容易さ及び検出能のために特に好ましい。11C及び18F同位体は、PET(ポジション放射断層撮影)において特に有用であり、そして125I同位体はSPECT(単光子放出コンピュータ断層撮影)において特に有用であり、脳の画像化においては全て有用である。更に、より重い同位体、例えば重水素、すなわち2Hによる置換は、より大きな代謝安定性、例えば増大したin vivoでの安定性又は減少したに必要とされる投与量、に起因するある治療的な利益をもたらすことがあり、そしていくつかの環境において好まれることがある。本発明の式1の同位体標識化合物は、非同位体標識試薬を容易に入手可能な同位体標識試薬に交換することによって、下文のスキーム及び/又は実施例に開示した手順で実施することによって通常調製されうる。
【0028】
本発明はまた、哺乳類における異常な細胞増殖を含んで成る疾患又は,症状を処置するための医薬組成物であって、異常な細胞増殖を阻害するのに有効な量の式1の化合物、及び医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る医薬組成物を提供する。
【0029】
本発明はまた、哺乳類における異常な細胞増殖を含んで成る疾患又は,症状を処置するための医薬組成物であって、cdk2活性を阻害するのに有効な量の式1の化合物、及び医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る医薬組成物を提供する。
【0030】
本発明はまた、哺乳類における異常な細胞増殖を含んで成る疾患又は,症状を処置するための方法であって、異常な細胞増殖を阻害するのに有効な量の式1の化合物を哺乳類に投与することを含んで成る方法を提供する。
【0031】
本発明はまた、哺乳類における異常な細胞増殖を含んで成る疾患又は,症状を処置するための方法であって、cdk2活性を阻害するのに有効な量の式1の化合物を哺乳類に投与することを含んで成る方法を提供する。
【0032】
異常な細胞増殖を含んで成る疾患又は症状を処置するための本発明の医薬組成物又は方法において、異常な細胞増殖を含んで成る疾患又は症状は1つの態様においてガンである。ガンは悪性腫瘍、例えば膀胱ガン、乳ガン、結腸ガン、腎臓ガン、肝臓ガン、肺、例えば小細胞肺ガン、食道ガン、胆嚢ガン、卵巣ガン、膵臓ガン、胃ガン、子宮頸ガン、甲状腺ガン、前立腺ガン、又は皮膚ガン、例えば扁平上皮細胞ガン;リンパ球系の造血性腫瘍、例えば白血病、急性リンパ球性白血病、B細胞リンパ腫、T細胞リンパ腫、ホジキン性リンパ腫、非ホジキン性リンパ腫、有毛細胞リンパ腫、又はバーケット性リンパ腫;骨髄細胞系の造血細胞腫瘍、例えば急性且つ慢性骨髄性白血病、骨髄異形性症候群、又は前骨髄球性白血病;間葉性のものに由来する腫瘍、例えば線維肉腫又は横紋筋肉腫;中枢又は末梢神経系の腫瘍、例えば星状細胞腫、神経芽細胞腫、神経膠種又は神経鞘腫;黒色腫;精上皮腫;奇形ガン;骨肉腫;色素性乾皮症;角化棘細胞腫;甲状腺濾胞腺ガン;又はカポジ肉腫であってもよい。
【0033】
別の態様において、異常な細胞増殖を含んで成る疾患又は症状は良性である。その様な疾患及び症状は、良性の前立腺肥大、家族性大腸腺腫症、神経線維腫症、アテローム性動脈硬化症、肺線維症、関節炎、乾癬、糸球体腎炎、再狭窄、肥厚性瘢痕形成、炎症性腸疾患、移植片拒絶、細菌感染、及び内毒素性ショックを含む。
【0034】
本発明はまた、哺乳類における神経変性の疾患又は症状を処置するための医薬組成物であって、前記疾患又は症状を処置するのに有効な量の式1の化合物、及び医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る医薬組成物を提供する。
【0035】
本発明はまた、哺乳類における神経変性の疾患又は症状を処置するための医薬組成物であって、cdk5活性を阻害するのに有効な量の式1の化合物、及び医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る医薬組成物を提供する。
【0036】
本発明はまた、哺乳類における神経変性の疾患又は症状を処置するための方法であって、cdk5活性を阻害するのに有効な量の式1の化合物を哺乳類に投与することを含んで成る方法を提供する。
【0037】
本発明はまた、哺乳類における神経変性の疾患又は症状を処置するための方法であって、前記疾患又は症状を処置するのに有効な量の式1の化合物を哺乳類に投与することを含んで成る方法を提供する。
【0038】
本発明の1つの態様において、処置される神経変性の疾患又は症状は、ハンチントン舞踏病、脳卒中、脊髄損傷、外傷性脳損傷、多発脳梗塞性痴呆、てんかん、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、痛み、ウイルス誘導性痴呆、例えばAIDS誘導性痴呆、細菌感染に関連する神経変性、偏頭痛、低血糖症、尿失禁、脳虚血、多発性硬化症、アルツハイマー病、アルツハイマー型の老人性痴呆症、軽い認識機能障害、年齢に関連する認識機能の低下、嘔吐、大脳皮質基底核変性症、拳闘家痴呆、ダウン症、筋ジストロフィー、ニーマンピック病、ピック病、混乱を伴うプリオン病、進行性核上麻痺、下外側硬化症、及び亜急性硬化性全脳炎から選択される。
【0039】
本発明はまた、疾患又は症状の処置であって、哺乳類におけるドーパミン媒介性神経伝達を変化させることによって達成され、又は容易となりうる処置のための医薬組成物であって、前記疾患又は症状を処置するのに有効な量のcdk5阻害剤及び医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る医薬組成物を提供する。
【0040】
本発明はまた、疾患又は症状の処置であって、哺乳類におけるドーパミン媒介性神経伝達を変化させることによって達成され、又は容易となりうる処置のための医薬組成物であって、cdk5活性を阻害するのに有効な量のcdk5阻害剤及び医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る医薬組成物を提供する。
【0041】
本発明はまた、疾患又は症状の処置であって、哺乳類におけるドーパミン媒介性神経伝達を変化させることによって達成され、又は容易となりうる処置のための方法であって、cdk5活性を阻害するのに有効な量のcdk5阻害剤を哺乳類に投与することを含んで成る方法を提供する。
【0042】
本発明はまた、疾患又は症状の処置であって、哺乳類におけるドーパミン媒介性神経伝達を変化させることによって達成され、又は容易となりうる処置のための方法であって、前記疾患又は症状を処置するのに有効な量のcdk5阻害剤を哺乳類に投与することを含んで成る方法を提供する。
【0043】
本発明の1つの態様において、処置がドーパミン媒介性神経伝達を変化させることによって達成され、又は容易となりうる疾患又は症状は、パーキンソン病;統合失調症;統合失調様障害、例えば妄想型又はうつ型のもの;妄想性障害;物質誘導性精神病性障害、例えばアルコール、アンフェタミン、大麻、コカイン、幻覚剤、吸入抗原、オピオイド、又はフェンシクリジンによって誘導される精神病;妄想型人格障害;統合失調型の人格障害;薬物依存症、例えば麻薬(例えば、ヘロイン、アヘン、及びモルヒネ)、コカイン及びアルコール依存症;薬物離脱症状、例えば麻薬、コカイン及びアルコールの脱離症状;強迫性障害;トゥーレット症候群;鬱病;大鬱病性エピソード、躁病性又は混合性の気分エピソード、軽躁性の気分エピソード、異常な特徴を有し、又は憂鬱な特徴若しくは緊張性の特徴を有する鬱病、分娩開始後の気分エピソード;脳卒中後の鬱病、大鬱病性障害、気分変調性障害、軽い鬱病性障害、月経前不快気分障害、統合失調症の精神病後の鬱病性障害、精神異常、例えば妄想性障害又は統合失調症と重なった大鬱病性障害、双極性障害、例えばI型双極性障害、II型双極性障害、循環性障害;不安症;注意欠陥及び多動性障害;並びに注意欠陥障害から選択される。
【0044】
別の態様において、処置がドーパミン媒介性神経伝達を変化させることによって達成され、又は容易となりうる疾患又は症状を処置するための方法又は組成物におけるcdk5阻害剤は、式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。
【0045】
本発明はまた、哺乳類においてcdk5活性によって容易となる疾患又は症状の処置のための医薬組成物であって、cdk5活性を阻害するのに有効な量の式1の化合物及び医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る組成物を提供する。
【0046】
本発明はまた、哺乳類においてcdk5活性によって容易とされる疾患又は症状の処置のための方法であって、cdk5活性を阻害するのに有効な量の式1の化合物を哺乳類に投与することを含んで成る方法を提供する。
【0047】
我々はまた、式1の化合物がGSK-3を阻害する活性を有することを発見した。それ故に、式1の化合物は、処置がGSK-3の阻害によって達成され、又は容易となりうる疾患又は症状を処置するのに有用であることが予想されうる。処置がGSK-3の阻害によって達成され、又は容易となりうる疾患又は症状は、神経変性の疾患及び症状を含む。神経変性の疾患及び症状は上文で論じており、そして、限定しないが、例えばアルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、ハンチントン舞踏病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、多発性硬化症、脳卒中、脳虚血、AIDS関連性痴呆症、細菌感染に関連する神経変性、多発脳梗塞性痴呆、外傷性脳損傷、及び脊髄損傷を含む。従って、式1の化合物は、cdk5活性及びGSK-3活性の両方に基づく神経変性の疾患及び症状を処置するのに有効である。
【0048】
処置がGSK-3を阻害することによって達成され、又は容易となりうる他の疾患及び症状は、精神性の障害及び症状、例えば統合失調症;統合失調様障害、例えば妄想型又はうつ型のもの;妄想性障害;物質誘導性精神病性障害、例えばアルコール、アンフェタミン、大麻、コカイン、幻覚剤、吸入抗原、オピオイド、又はフェンシクリジンによって誘導される精神病;妄想型人格障害;及び統合失調型の人格障害を含む。その様な疾患及び症状の処置はまた、ドーパミン媒介性神経伝達を変化させることによって達成され、又は容易となり得る。従って、式1の化合物は、cdk5活性及びGSK-3活性の両方に基づくその様な疾患及び症状を処置するのに有効である。
【0049】
処置がGSK-3を阻害することによって達成され、又は容易となりうる他の障害及び症状は、気分障害及び気分エピソード、例えば大鬱病性エピソード、躁病性又は混合性の気分エピソード、軽躁性の気分エピソード、異常な特徴を有し、又は憂鬱な特徴若しくは緊張性の特徴を有する鬱病、分娩開始後の気分エピソード;脳卒中後の鬱病、大鬱病性障害、気分変調性障害、軽い鬱病性障害、月経前不快気分障害、統合失調症の精神病後の鬱病性障害、精神異常、例えば妄想性障害又は統合失調症と重なった大鬱病性障害、双極性障害、例えばI型双極性障害、II型双極性障害、及び循環性障害を含む。その様な気分障害及びエピソード、例えば鬱病の処置も、ドーパミン媒介性神経伝達を変化させることによって達成され、又は容易となりうる。従って、式1の化合物は、cdk5活性及びGSK-3活性の両方に基づくある気分障害及びエピソードの処置に有効である。
【0050】
処置がGSK-3を阻害することによって達成され、又は容易となりうる他の障害及び症状は、雄の妊性及び精子の運動性;真性糖尿病;糖耐能異常;代謝性症候群又はX症候群;多嚢胞性卵巣症候群;脂質生成及び肥満;筋形成及び脆さ、例えば肉体的な能力の年齢に関連する低下;急性サルコペニア、例えば筋萎縮及び/又は、日焼けに関連する悪液質、ベッド休養、手足の固定、あるいは、全体的な胸部、腹部、及び/又は整形外科の手術;敗血症;脊髄損傷;脱毛、髪が細くなること、及び禿げかかっていること;免疫欠損症;及びガンである。
【0051】
従って、本発明はまた、ヒトを含む哺乳類において、雄の妊性及び精子の運動性;真性糖尿病;糖耐能異常;代謝性症候群又はX症候群;多嚢胞性卵巣症候群;脂質生成及び肥満;筋形成及び脆さ、例えば肉体的な能力の年齢に関連する低下;急性サルコペニア、例えば筋萎縮及び/又は、日焼けに関連する悪液質、ベッド休養、手足の固定、あるいは、全体的な胸部、腹部、及び/又は整形外科の手術;敗血症;脱毛、髪が細くなること、及び禿げかかっていること;及び免疫欠損症から選択される疾患又は症状を処置するための医薬組成物であって、医薬として許容される担体及び前記疾患又は症状を処置するのに有効な量の式1の化合物を含んで成る組成物を提供する。
【0052】
本発明は更に、ヒトを含む哺乳類において、雄の妊性及び精子の運動性;真性糖尿病;糖耐能異常;代謝性症候群又はX症候群;多嚢胞性卵巣症候群;脂質生成及び肥満;筋形成及び脆さ、例えば肉体的な能力の年齢に関連する低下;急性サルコペニア、例えば筋萎縮及び/又は、日焼けに関連する悪液質、ベッド休養、手足の固定、あるいは、全体的な胸部、腹部、及び/又は整形外科の手術;敗血症;脱毛、髪が細くなること、及び禿げかかっていること;及び免疫欠損症から選択される疾患又は症状を処置するための医薬組成物であって、医薬として許容される担体及びGSK-3を阻害するのに有効な量の式1の化合物を含んで成る組成物を提供する。
【0053】
本発明はまた、ヒトを含む哺乳類において、雄の妊性及び精子の運動性;真性糖尿病;糖耐能異常;代謝性症候群又はX症候群;多嚢胞性卵巣症候群;脂質生成及び肥満;筋形成及び脆さ、例えば肉体的な能力の年齢に関連する低下;急性サルコペニア、例えば筋萎縮及び/又は、日焼けに関連する悪液質、ベッド休養、手足の固定、あるいは、全体的な胸部、腹部、及び/又は整形外科の手術;敗血症;脱毛、髪が細くなること、及び禿げかかっていること;及び免疫欠損症から選択される疾患又は症状を処置するための方法であって、前記疾患又は症状を処置するのに有効な量の式1の化合物を前記哺乳類に投与することを含んで成る方法を提供する。
【0054】
本発明はまた、ヒトを含む哺乳類において、雄の妊性及び精子の運動性;真性糖尿病;糖耐能異常;代謝性症候群又はX症候群;多嚢胞性卵巣症候群;脂質生成及び肥満;筋形成及び脆さ、例えば肉体的な能力の年齢に関連する低下;急性サルコペニア、例えば筋萎縮及び/又は、日焼けに関連する悪液質、ベッド休養、手足の固定、あるいは、全体的な胸部、腹部、及び/又は整形外科の手術;敗血症;脱毛、髪が細くなること、及び禿げかかっていること;及び免疫欠損症から選択される疾患又は症状を処置するための方法であって、GSK-3を阻害するのに有効な量の式1の化合物を前記哺乳類に投与することを含んで成る方法を提供する。
【0055】
本発明は更に、ヒトを含む哺乳類においてGSK-3を阻害するための方法であって、GSK-3を阻害するのに有効な量の式1の化合物を前記哺乳類に投与することを含んで成る方法を提供する。
【0056】
本発明は更に、哺乳類において、アルツハイマー病、軽い認識機能障害、及び年齢に関連する認識機能の低下から選択される障害を処置するための医薬組成物であって、前記障害を処置するのに有効な量でcdk5阻害剤とCOX-II阻害剤を一緒に、そして医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る組成物を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk5阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。
【0057】
本発明はまた、哺乳類において、アルツハイマー病、軽い認識機能障害、及び年齢に関連する認識機能の低下から選択される障害を処置するための方法であって、cdk5阻害剤とCOX-II阻害剤を前記哺乳類に投与することを含んで成り、cdk5阻害剤とCOX-II阻害剤の併用される量が前記障害を処置するのに有効である、方法を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk5阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。cdk5阻害剤とCOX-II阻害剤は、同時に、そして/あるいは異なる時間に哺乳類に投与されうる。更に、それらは単一の医薬組成物において、又は別々の医薬組成物において一緒に投与されうる。
【0058】
更に、cdk-5阻害剤、例えば本発明の式1の化合物、又は式1の化合物の医薬として許容されるその塩は、鬱病及び/又は不安症の処置又は予防のために投与されることがあり、あるいは1又は複数の抗うつ剤又は抗不安作用性化合物と一緒に医薬組成物へと調製されることがある。
【0059】
従って、本発明はまた、哺乳類の鬱病又は不安症を処置するための医薬組成物であって、鬱病又は不安症を処置するのに有効な量のcdk5阻害剤とNK-1受容体アンタゴニストとを一緒に、そして医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る組成物を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk5阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。
【0060】
本発明は更に、哺乳類の鬱病又は不安症を処置するための方法であって、cdk5阻害剤とNK-1受容体アンタゴニストを前記哺乳類に投与することを含んで成り、cdk5阻害剤とNK-1受容体アンタゴニストの併用される量が前記障害を処置するのに有効である、方法を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk5阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。cdk5阻害剤とNK-1受容体アンタゴニストは、同時に、そして/あるいは異なる時間に哺乳類に投与されうる。更に、それらは単一の医薬組成物において、又は別々の医薬組成物において一緒に投与されうる。
【0061】
本発明はまた、哺乳類の鬱病又は不安症を処置するための医薬組成物であって、鬱病又は不安症を処置するのに有効な量のcdk5阻害剤と5HT1D受容体アンタゴニストとを一緒に、そして医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る組成物を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk5阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。
【0062】
本発明は更に、哺乳類の鬱病又は不安症を処置するための方法であって、cdk5阻害剤と5HT1D受容体アンタゴニストを前記哺乳類に投与することを含んで成り、cdk5阻害剤と5HT1D受容体アンタゴニストの併用される量が前記障害を処置するのに有効である、方法を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk5阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。cdk5阻害剤と5HT1D受容体アンタゴニストは、同時に、そして/あるいは異なる時間に哺乳類に投与されうる。更に、それらは単一の医薬組成物において、又は別々の医薬組成物において一緒に投与されうる。
【0063】
本発明はまた、哺乳類の鬱病又は不安症を処置するための医薬組成物であって、鬱病又は不安症を処置するのに有効な量のcdk5阻害剤とSSRIとを一緒に、そして医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る組成物を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。
【0064】
本発明は更に、哺乳類の鬱病又は不安症を処置するための方法であって、cdk5阻害剤とSSRIを前記哺乳類に投与することを含んで成り、cdk5阻害剤とSSRIの併用される量が前記障害を処置するのに有効である、方法を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk5阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。cdk5阻害剤とSSRIは、同時に、そして/あるいは異なる時間に哺乳類に投与されうる。更に、それらは単一の医薬組成物において、又は別々の医薬組成物において一緒に投与されうる。
【0065】
本発明はまた、哺乳類の統合失調症を処置するための医薬組成物であって、cdk5阻害剤と、ジプラシドン、オランザピン、リスペリドン、L-745870、ソネピプラゾール(sonepiprazole)、RP 62203、NGD 941、バラペリドン、フレシノキサン、及びゲピロンから選択される抗精神病薬とを一緒に、そして医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る組成物を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk5阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。
【0066】
本発明は更に、哺乳類の統合失調症を処置するための方法であって、cdk5阻害剤とジプラシドン、オランザピン、リスペリドン、L-745870、ソネピプラゾール、RP 62203、NGD 941、バラペリドン、フレシノキサン、及びゲピロンから選択される抗精神病薬を前記哺乳類に投与することを含んで成り、cdk5阻害剤と抗精神病薬の併用される量が前記障害を処置するのに有効である、方法を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk5阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。cdk5阻害剤と抗精神病薬は、同時に、そして/あるいは異なる時間に哺乳類に投与されうる。更に、それらは単一の医薬組成物において、又は別々の医薬組成物において一緒に投与されうる。
【0067】
本発明は更に、哺乳類のアルツハイマー病、軽い認識機能障害、及び年齢に関連する認識機能の低下から選択される障害を処置するための医薬組成物であって、前記障害を処置するのに有効な量でcdk5阻害剤とアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤を一緒に、そして医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る組成物を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk5阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。
【0068】
本発明はまた、哺乳類において、アルツハイマー病、軽い認識機能障害、及び年齢に関連する認識機能の低下から選択される障害を処置するための方法であって、cdk5阻害剤とアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤を前記哺乳類に投与することを含んで成り、cdk5阻害剤とアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤の併用される量が前記障害を処置するのに有効である、方法を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk5阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。cdk5阻害剤とアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤は、同時に、そして/あるいは異なる時間に哺乳類に投与されうる。
【0069】
本発明はまた、脳卒中、脊髄損傷、外傷性脳損傷、多発脳梗塞性痴呆、てんかん、痛み、アルツハイマー病、及び老人性痴呆症を処置するための医薬組成物であって、前記障害を処置するのに有効な量のcdk5阻害剤とTPA(組織プラスミノーゲン活性因子、例えばACTIVASE)とを一緒に、そして医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る組成物を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。
【0070】
本発明は更に、哺乳類の脳卒中、脊髄損傷、外傷性脳損傷、多発脳梗塞性痴呆、てんかん、痛み、アルツハイマー病、及び老人性痴呆症を処置するための方法であって、cdk5阻害剤とTPAを前記哺乳類に投与することを含んで成り、cdk5阻害剤とTPAの併用される量が前記障害を処置するのに有効である、方法を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk5阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。cdk5阻害剤とTPAは、同時に、そして/あるいは異なる時間に哺乳類に投与されうる。更に、それらは単一の医薬組成物において、又は別々の医薬組成物において一緒に投与されうる。
【0071】
本発明はまた、脳卒中、脊髄損傷、外傷性脳損傷、多発脳梗塞性痴呆、てんかん、痛み、アルツハイマー病、及び老人性痴呆症を処置するための医薬組成物であって、前記障害を処置するのに有効な量のcdk5阻害剤とNIF(好中球阻害因子)とを一緒に、そして医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る組成物を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。
【0072】
本発明は更に、哺乳類の脳卒中、脊髄損傷、外傷性脳損傷、多発脳梗塞性痴呆、てんかん、痛み、アルツハイマー病、及び老人性痴呆症を処置するための方法であって、cdk5阻害剤とNIFを前記哺乳類に投与することを含んで成り、cdk5阻害剤とNIFの併用される量が前記障害を処置するのに有効である、方法を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk5阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。cdk5阻害剤とNIFは、同時に、そして/あるいは異なる時間に哺乳類に投与されうる。更に、それらは単一の医薬組成物において、又は別々の医薬組成物において一緒に投与されうる。
【0073】
本発明はまた、哺乳類のハンチントン舞踏病、脳卒中、脊髄損傷、外傷性脳損傷、多発脳梗塞性痴呆、てんかん、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、痛み、ウイルス誘導性痴呆、例えばAIDS誘導性痴呆、細菌感染に関連する神経変性、偏頭痛、低血糖症、尿失禁、脳虚血、多発性硬化症、アルツハイマー病、アルツハイマー型の老人性痴呆症、軽い認識機能障害、年齢に関連する認識機能の低下、嘔吐、大脳皮質基底核変性症、拳闘家痴呆、ダウン症、筋ジストロフィー、ニーマンピック病、ピック病、混乱を伴うプリオン病、進行性核上麻痺、下外側硬化症、及び亜急性硬化性全脳炎から選択される疾患又は症状を処置するための医薬組成物であって、前記障害を処置するのに有効な量のcdk5阻害剤とNMDA受容体アンタゴニストとを一緒に、そして医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る組成物を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。
【0074】
本発明は更に、哺乳類のハンチントン舞踏病、脳卒中、脊髄損傷、外傷性脳損傷、多発脳梗塞性痴呆、てんかん、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、痛み、ウイルス誘導性痴呆、例えばAIDS誘導性痴呆、細菌感染に関連する神経変性、偏頭痛、低血糖症、尿失禁、脳虚血、多発性硬化症、アルツハイマー病、アルツハイマー型の老人性痴呆症、軽い認識機能障害、年齢に関連する認識機能の低下、嘔吐、大脳皮質基底核変性症、拳闘家痴呆、ダウン症、筋ジストロフィー、ニーマンピック病、ピック病、混乱を伴うプリオン病、進行性核上麻痺、下外側硬化症、及び亜急性硬化性全脳炎を処置するための方法であって、cdk5阻害剤とNMDA受容体アンタゴニストとを前記哺乳類に投与することを含んで成り、cdk5阻害剤とNMDA受容体アンタゴニストの併用される量が前記障害を処置するのに有効である、方法を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk5阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。cdk5阻害剤とNMDA受容体アンタゴニストは、同時に、そして/あるいは異なる時間に哺乳類に投与されうる。更に、それらは単一の医薬組成物において、又は別々の医薬組成物において一緒に投与されうる。
【0075】
本発明はまた、脳卒中、脊髄損傷、外傷性脳損傷、多発脳梗塞性痴呆、てんかん、痛み、アルツハイマー病、及び老人性痴呆症を処置するための医薬組成物であって、前記障害を処置するのに有効な量のcdk5阻害剤とカリウムチャンネル調節因子とを一緒に、そして医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る組成物を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。
【0076】
本発明は更に、哺乳類の脳卒中、脊髄損傷、外傷性脳損傷、多発脳梗塞性痴呆、てんかん、痛み、アルツハイマー病、及び老人性痴呆症を処置するための方法であって、cdk5阻害剤とカリウムチャンネル調節因子を前記哺乳類に投与することを含んで成り、cdk5阻害剤とカリウムチャンネル調節因子の併用される量が前記障害を処置するのに有効である、方法を提供する。1つの態様において、cdk5阻害剤は式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩である。cdk5阻害剤とカリウムチャンネル調節因子は、同時に、そして/あるいは異なる時間に哺乳類に投与されうる。更に、それらは単一の医薬組成物において、又は別々の医薬組成物において一緒に投与されうる。
【0077】
用語「処置」、「処置する」等は、その様な用語を適用する疾患又は症状、あるいはその様な疾患又は症状の1又は複数の症候の進行を反転させ、軽減し、阻害することを言及する。本明細書で使用する場合、これらの用語はまた、患者の症状に依存して、疾患又は症状、あるいは当該疾患又は症状に関連する症候の開始を予防すること、例えば疾患又は症状、あるいはそれらに関連する症候の重症度を、前記疾患又は症状による苦痛の前に軽減することを包含する。苦痛の前のその様な予防又は軽減は、投与時に前記疾患又は症状に苦しんでいない対象者に対する本発明の化合物の投与を言及する。「予防」はまた、疾患又は症状、あるいはそれらに関連する症候の再発を防ぐことを包含する。
【0078】
「哺乳類」は、本明細書で使用する場合であって、且つ特に断らない限り、任意の哺乳類を意味する。用語「哺乳類」は、例えば、且つ限定することなく、イヌ、ネコ、及びヒトを含む。
【0079】
「異常な細胞増殖」は、本明細書で使用する場合、悪性(例えば、ガンのようなもの)又は良性のいずれかの、すなわち正常な制御機構から独立している(例えば、接触阻止が失われた)細胞増殖を言及する。良性の増殖疾患の例は、乾癬、良性の前立腺肥大、ヒトパピローマウイルス(HPV)、及び再狭窄である。
【0080】
「神経変性の疾患及び症状」は、本明細書で使用する場合、神経の変性に関連する疾患又は症状を言及する。天然の神経変性の症状及び疾患は、一般的に当業者に知られている。
【0081】
本明細書で言及される「処置がドーパミン媒介性神経伝達を変化させることによって達成され、又は容易となりうる」疾患及び症状は、ドーパミンの神経伝達によって少なくとも部分的に引き起こされる疾患又は症状、あるいは、疾患又は症状の症候又は発現に寄与する異常なドーパミンの神経伝達をもたらす疾患又は症状を意味する。
【0082】
本明細書で言及される「処置がcdk5活性を低下させることによって達成され、又は容易となりうる」疾患及び症状は、cdk5活性によって少なくとも部分的に引き起こされる疾患又は症状、あるいは疾患又は症状の症候又は発現に起用する異常なcdk5活性をもたらす疾患又は症状を意味する。
【0083】
「cdk5活性を阻害するための有効量」は、本明細書で使用する場合、cdk5活性を低下させる効果を有する、酵素cdk5に結合するのに十分な化合物の量を言及する。
【0084】
「cdk2活性を阻害するための有効量」は、本明細書で使用する場合、cdk2活性を低下させる効果を有する、酵素cdk2に結合するのに十分な化合物の量を言及する。
【0085】
本発明の詳細な説明
上文の式1の化合物、及びそれらの医薬として許容される塩は、以下の反応スキーム及び考察に従い調製されうる。特に断らない限り、R1, R2, R3, 及びR4は上文で定義したとおりである。生成物の単離及び精製は、当業者に知られている標準的な手順によって達成され得る。
【0086】
本明細書で使用する場合、「反応不活性溶媒」の表現は、成分が出発材料、試薬、又は生成物の中間体と、所望の生成物の収率に悪影響を及ぼすように反応しない溶媒系を言及する。
【0087】
以下の合成手順のうちのいずれかの間、関心のある分子のいずれかの上の感受性のある又は反応性のある基を保護することが必要であるか、そして/あるいは望ましいことがある。このことは、常用の保護基の手段、例えば
【表2】
に記載のようなものによって達成されうる。
【0088】
スキーム1は、式1の化合物(ここで、R3 は−C(=O)NH−、−C(=O)O−、又は−C(=O)(CR10R11)n −である)を調製するのに適した方法を例示する。スキーム1を参照すると、1,4−ジニトロイミダゾール(J. Phys. Chem. (1995) Vol. 99, pp. 5009-1015)溶液のジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)、ピリミジン−水、水、アセトニトリル−水、アルコール、又はアルコール−水溶媒系中での、好ましくは低級アルコール、例えばメタノール中での、約−20℃〜約50℃、好ましくは約−5℃〜35℃での、第一級アルキル又はアリールアミンを用いる処理は、式2の1−N−置換−4−ニトロイミダゾールを与える。1,4−ジニトロイミダゾールは高エネルギー性の準安定性物質であり、使用していないときは冷凍室で保存すべきである。熱力学的測定は、それが、断熱条件下、35℃で激しく爆発するほどのエネルギーを潜在的に生み出し得ることを示した。この材料を用いる際には常に極度の注意を払うべきである。式2のニトロ化合物の、式3のアミンへの還元は、溶媒、例えば酢酸エチル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、又はそれらの混合物中の式2の化合物と貴金属触媒の混合物を、約1〜100気圧の圧力の水素ガス雰囲気に曝露することによって達成され得る(ここで、水素ガスの好ましい圧力は約1〜約10気圧である)。パラジウムは好ましい貴金属触媒である。当該金属は、不活性固形支持体、例えばチャコール上で簡便に懸濁され得る。式2の化合物が消費された後、混合物は濾過され、そして生じた式3のアミンは直ちに、酸塩化物ClC(=O)(CR10R11)n R4 、酸無水物(R4 (CR10R11)n C(=O))2 O、又は活性化カルボン酸誘導体XC(=O)(CR10R11)n −R4 と、塩基、例えばトリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、ピリジン、又は2,6−ルチジンの存在下、約−78℃〜40℃で反応させられる。1−プロパンホスホン酸環状無水物とトリエチルアミンは好ましい組み合わせである。活性化カルボン酸誘導体は、カルボン酸HOC(=O)(CR10R11)n R4 と既知の活性化試薬、例えばジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド、1−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−3−エチルカルボジイミド塩酸塩、カルボニルジイミダゾール、1−プロパンホスホン酸環状無水物、クロロギ酸アルキル又はアリール、ビス(2−オキソ−3−オキサゾリジニル)ホスフィン酸塩化物、ベンゾトリアゾール−1−イルオキシ−トリス(ジメチルアミノ)ホスホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、又は、任意な他の標準的な文献に記載されている試薬などから調製される。この手順は、式1Bの化合物(ここで、R3 は−C(=O)(CR10R11)n −である)を与える。
【0089】
あるいは、濾過の後、式3のアミンは、塩基、例えばトリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、ピリジン、又は2,6−ルチジン、及びクロロギ酸アルキル又はアリールと、約−78℃〜40℃(−78℃〜−40℃が好ましい)で反応されることがあり、その結果式1Aの化合物(ここで、R3 は−C(=O)O−であり、そしてR4 はフェニルである)を与える。ジイソプロピルエチルアミンとクロロギ酸フェニルは好ましい組み合わせである。その後の、式1Aのカルバミン酸フェニルの、第1級又は第2級アミンによる、溶媒、例えばジオキサン、ジメチルホルムアミド、又はアセトニトリル中での約40℃〜90℃での処理は、相当するウレア産物1C(ここで、R3 は−C(=O)NR9 −であり、そしてR4 はフェニル又はヘテロアリールである)を与える。ジオキサン−ジメチルホルムアミドの1:1混合物及び70℃が好ましい。
【化3】
【0090】
式1の化合物(ここで、R1 はR5 で置換され、そしてR5 はNHC(=O)R8 である)を調製する方法をスキーム2に示す。式4の化合物(ここで、R5 はOHである)を、アルキル−又はアリールスルホニルクロリド(ここで、p−トルエンスルホニルクロリド(TosCl)が好ましい)により、反応不活性溶媒、例えばテトラヒドロフラン、塩化メチレン又はクロロホルム(ここで、塩化メチレンが好ましい)中で、約−10℃〜約30℃の温度で、アミン塩基、例えばトリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、ピリジン、又は2,6−ルチジン(ここで、トリエチルアミンが好ましい)、及び触媒性の4−N,N−ジメチルアミノピリジンの存在下で処理することにより、式5の化合物(ここで、R5 はCH3 (C6 H4 )SO3 (TosO)である)が与えられる。この様に形成したトシラートの、アミドのアルカリ金属塩(ここで、アジ化ナトリウムが好ましい)による、極性溶媒、例えばジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、低級アルコール、水、又はこれらの溶媒の混合物(ここで、エタノール−水混合物が好ましい)中での約20℃〜130℃(ここで、90℃〜110℃が好ましい)での処理は、式6の化合物(ここで、R5 はN3 である)を生成する。
【0091】
選択的な還元条件下、例えばトリアルキル−又はトリアリールホスフィン、(ここで、トリフェニルホスフィンが好ましい)による、溶媒、例えばテトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、アセトニトリル、又はそれらの混合物(ここで、テトラヒドロフランが好ましい)中でのアジドの処理は、式7の化合物(ここで、R5 はNH2 である)を与える。この様に形成した式7の化合物(R5 =NH2 )の第1級アミノ基は、クロロギ酸塩、イソシアネート、塩化カルバモイルイル(carbamoylyl chloride)、酸塩化物、酸無水物、又は活性化カルボン酸誘導体との反応を介して誘導体化され得る。活性化カルボン酸誘導体は、カルボン酸と既知の活性化試薬、例えばジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド、1−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−3−エチルカルボジイミド、カルボニルジイミダゾール、1−プロパンホスホン酸環状無水物、クロロギ酸アルキル、ビス(2−オキソ−3−オキサゾリジニル)ホスフィン酸塩化物、ベンゾトリアゾール−1−イルオキシ−トリス(ジメチルアミノ)ホスホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、又は任意の他の標準的な文献に記載されている試薬などから、必要によりアミン塩基、例えばトリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、ピリジン、又は2,6−ルチジン(ここで、1−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−3−エチルカルボジイミド塩酸塩が好ましい)の存在下で、約−78℃〜80℃(ここで、0℃〜40℃が好ましい)で調製される。テトラヒドロフラン及び塩化メチレンが好ましい溶媒である。
【0092】
この様に形成した式8の化合物(ここで、R5 は−NHC(=O)R8 である)の、式1Dの化合物(R5 はNHC(=O)R8 であり;R3 はC(=O)(CR10R11)n R4 )の変換は、溶媒、例えば酢酸エチル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、又はそれらの混合物中での式8の化合物と貴金属触媒(ここで、パラジウムが好ましい貴金属触媒であり、当該金属は不活性固形支持体、例えばチャコール上で簡便に懸濁され得る)の混合物を、約1〜100気圧の水素ガス雰囲気(ここで、水素ガスの好ましい圧力は約1〜約10気圧である)に曝露することによって達成され得る。式8の化合物が消費された後、混合物は濾過され、そして生じたアミンは、酸塩化物、酸無水物、又は活性化カルボン酸誘導体との、適切な場合にはアミン塩基、例えばトリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、ピリジン、又は2,6−ルチジン(ここで、1−プロパンホスホン酸環状無水物とトリエチルアミンが好ましい組み合わせである)の存在下、約−78℃〜40℃での反応によって直ちにアシル化され、式1DのN−アシル化産物を与える。活性化カルボン酸誘導体は、カルボン酸と既知の活性化試薬、例えばジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド、1−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−3−エチルカルボジイミド、カルボニルジイミダゾール、1−プロパンホスフィン酸環状無水物、クロロギ酸アルキル、ビス(2−オキソ−3−オキサゾリジニル)ホスフィン酸塩化物、ベンゾトリアゾール−1−イルオキシ−トリス(ジメチルアミノ)ホスホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、又は任意な他の標準的な文献に記載されているものなどから調製される。
【0093】
クロロギ酸アリール又はクロロギ酸ヘテロアリールが上文のアシル化において酸塩化物、酸無水物、又は活性化カルボン酸誘導体の代わりに使用される場合、カルバミン酸アリール1Eが生成する。生成したカルバミン酸アリール1E(R3 はC(=O)O−であり、そしてR4 はアリール又はヘテロアリールである)は、溶媒、例えばジオキサン、ジメチルホルムアミド、又はアセトニトリル(ここで、ジオキサン−ジメチルホルムアミドの1:1混合物が好ましい)中で、約40℃〜90℃(ここで、70℃が好ましい)の温度で、アミンにより処理されてもよく、その結果として式1Fの相当するウレア産物(R3 は(−C(=O)NR9 −であり、R4 はアリール又はヘテロアリールである)を与える。
【化4】
【0094】
式1の化合物(ここで、R5 はNHC(=O)R8 である)を調製する別の方法をスキーム3に示す。化合物4(ここで、R5 はOHである)の、アルキル−又はアリール−スルホニルクロリド(p−トルエンスルホニルクロリド(TosCl)が好ましい)による、反応不活性溶媒、例えばテトラヒドロフラン、塩化メチレン又はクロロホルム(ここで、塩化メチレンが好ましい)中での約−10℃〜約30℃の温度での、アミン塩基、例えばトリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、ピリジン、又は2,6−ルチジン、及び4−N,N−ジメチルアミノピリジンの存在下での処理は、式5の化合物(ここで、R5 はCH3 (C6 H4 )SO3 (TosO)である)を与える。トリエチルアミンは好ましいアミン塩基である。式5の化合物(R5 はTosOである)の、式1Gの化合物(R5 はTosOであり、R3 はC(=O)(CR10R11)n R4 である)への変換は、溶媒、例えば酢酸エチル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、又はそれらの混合物中の式5の化合物(R5 はTosOである)と貴金属触媒の混合物を、約1〜100気圧の水素ガス雰囲気(ここで、水素ガスの好ましい圧力は約1〜約10気圧である)に曝露することによって達成され得る。パラジウムは好ましい貴金属触媒である。当該金属は不活性固形支持体、例えばチャコール上で簡便に懸濁され得る。化合物5が消費された後、混合物は濾過され、そして生じたアミンは直ちに、酸塩化物、酸無水物、又は活性化カルボン酸誘導体と、適切な場合にはアミン塩基、例えばトリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、ピリジン、又は2,6−ルチジン(ここで、1−プロパンホスホン酸環状無水物とトリエチルアミンが好ましい組み合わせである)の存在下で、約−78℃〜40℃で反応され、式1GのN−アシル化産物を与える。活性化カルボン酸誘導体は、カルボン酸と既知の活性化試薬、例えばジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド、1−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−3−エチルカルボジイミド、カルボニルジイミダゾール、1−プロパンホスホン酸環状無水物、クロロギ酸アルキル、ビス(2−オキソ−3−オキサゾソジニル)ホスフィン酸塩化物、ペンゾトリアゾール−1−イルオキシ−トリス(ジメチルアミノ)ホスホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、又は任意な他の標準的な文献に記載されているものなどから調製される。
【0095】
式1Gの化合物(R5 はTosOであり、R3 は−C(=O)(CR10R11)n −である)の、アジドのアルカリ金属塩(ここで、アジ化ナトリウムが好ましい)による、極性溶媒(例えば、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、低級アルコール、水、又はこれらの溶媒の混合物。ここで、エタノール−水混合物が好ましい)中での、約20℃〜130℃(ここで、90℃〜110℃が好ましい)での処理は、式1H(ここで、R5 はN3 である)の化合物を生成するために使用され得る。その後の式1H(R5 はN3 である)のアジドの還元は、溶媒、例えば酢酸エチル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、又はそれらの混合物中の、式1H(R5 はN3 である)の化合物と貴金属触媒(ここで、パラジウムが好ましい貴金属触媒であり、当該金属は、不活性固形支持体、例えばチャコール上で簡便に懸濁され得る)の混合物を、約1〜100気圧の圧力の水素ガス雰囲気(ここで、水素ガスの好ましい圧力は約1〜約10気圧である)に曝露することによって達成され得る。
【0096】
あるいは、式1Hのアジド(R5 はN3 である)の還元は、トリアルキル−又はトリアリールホスフィンと水(ここで、トリフェニルホスフィンが好ましい)による、溶媒、例えばテトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、又はアセトニトリル(ここで、テトラヒドロフランが好ましい)中での処理によってなされることがある。式1Iの化合物(R5 はNH2 である)の第1級アミノ基は、クロロギ酸塩、イソシアネート、塩化カルバモイル、酸塩化物、酸無水物、又は活性化カルボン酸誘導体(ここで、活性化カルボン酸誘導体は、カルボン酸と既知の活性化試薬、例えばジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド、1−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−3−エチルカルボジイミド、カルボニルジイミダゾール、1−プロパンホスフィン酸環状無水物、クロロギ酸アルキル、ビス(2−オキソ−3−オキサゾリジニル)ホスフィン酸塩化物、ベンゾトリアゾール−1−イルオキシ−トリス(ジメチルアミノ)ホスホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、又は任意な他の標準的な文献に記載されている試薬などから、必要によりアミン塩基、例えばトリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、ピリジン、又は2,6−ルチジン(ここで、1−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−3−エチルカルボジイミド塩酸塩が好ましい)の存在下、−78℃〜80℃(ここで、0℃〜40℃が好ましい)で調製される。テトラヒドロフランと塩化メチレンが好ましい溶媒である。
【化5】
【0097】
式1の化合物(ここで、R3 は−(CR10R11)n −である)は、スキーム4に従い調製され得る。スキーム4を参照すると、4−ブロモイミダゾール溶液の、塩基、例えば水素化ナトリウム、水素化カリウム、水素化リチウム、炭酸セシウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化セシウム、リチウムジイソプロピルアミド、ナトリウムアミド、カリウムヘキサメチルジシラジド、ナトリウムヘキサメチルジシラジド、ナトリウム tert−ブトキシド、又はカリウム tert−ブトキシドによる、反応不活性溶媒、例えばテトラヒドロフラン、1,4−ジオキサン、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、又はトルエン中での、約−20℃〜150℃(ここで、20℃〜100℃が好ましい)で、相間移動触媒、例えばtetra−n−ブチルアンモニウムクロリド、tetra−n−ブチルアンモニウムブロミド、tetra−n−ブチルアンモニウムヨージド、ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムクロリド、ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド、又はベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムフルオリドの有無に関係ない処理、続くアルキル、アリル、又はベンジルの塩化物、臭化物、ヨウ化物、アルキルスルホン酸塩、アリールスルホン酸塩、又はトリフレートの添加は、当業者に知られている方法を用いて分離され得る1−置換−4−ブロモイミダゾール(9)及び1−置換−5−ブロモイミダゾール(10)の混合物を与える。
【0098】
あるいは、4−ブロモイミダゾールの、フッ化、塩化、臭化、ヨウ化、酢酸、又はカルボン酸アリル(ここで、カルボン酸アリルが好ましい)による、反応不活性溶媒、例えばテトラヒドロフラン、1,2−ジクロロエタン、1,4−ジオキサン、ジメチルスルホキシド、又はN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(ここで、テトラヒドロフランが好ましい)中での、パラジウム触媒、例えばパラジウム(0)テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)、パラジウム(II)アセテート、アリルパラジウムクロリド二量体、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)(0)クロロホルム付加物、パラジウム(II)クロリド(ここで、パラジウムテトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)又はパラジウム(II)アセテートが好ましい)の存在下での、ホスフィン配位子、例えばトリフェニルホスフィン、tri−o−トリホスフィン、tri−tert−ブチルホスフィン、1,2−ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)エタン、又は1,3−ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)プロパンの有無に関係のない、約0℃〜100℃(ここで50℃〜80℃が好ましい)での処理は、1−置換−4−ブロモイミダゾール(9)と1−置換−5−ブロモイミダゾール(10)の混合物を提供する。
【0099】
1−置換−4−ブロモイミダゾール(9)の、式−NH2 (CR10R11)n R4 及びパラジウム触媒、例えばパラジウム(II)アセテート、アリルパラジウムクロリド二量体、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)クロロホルム付加物、又はパラジウム(II)クロリド(ここで、パラジウム(II)アセテート、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)、及びトリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)クロロホルム付加物が好ましい)、及びホスフィン配位子、例えばBINAP、2−ビフェニルジシクロヘキシルホスフィン、2−ビフェニル−ジ−tert−ブチルホスフィン、又は2−N,N−ジメチルアミノ−2′−ジフェニルホスフィノビフェニル(ここで、2−N,N−ジメチルアミノ−2′−ジフェニルホスフィノビフェニルが好ましい)、及び塩基、例えばナトリウム tert−ブトキシド、炭酸セシウム、又はリン酸カリウム(K3 PO4 )(ここで、リン酸カリウムが好ましい)による、反応不活性溶媒、例えばトルエン、1,4−ジオキサン、又はテトラヒドロフラン中での、約0℃〜150℃(ここで、20℃〜110℃が好ましい)での処理は、結合産物1を与える。
【化6】
【0100】
式1の化合物(ここで、R7 は−C(=O)(CR10R11)n −である)を合成するための別の方法を以下のスキーム5に例示する。エチル−2−イソシアノ−3−N,N−ジメチルアミノアクリラート(11)の、第1級アミンR1 −NH2 による、溶媒、例えばn−ブタノール、n−プロパノール、I−プロパノール、又はエタノール中での、又は溶媒非存在下での(n−プロパノール又は溶媒無しが好ましい)。約23℃〜約200℃(ここで、約60℃〜約150℃が好ましい)での処理は、式12のイミダゾールを与える。N,O−ジメチルヒドロキシルアミン塩酸塩の、トリエチルアルミニウムによる1,2−ジクロロエタン中での処理、続く12の添加及び約30℃〜約80℃(ここで、約50℃の温度が好ましい)での加熱は、イミダゾール13を与える。有機金属試薬M−(CR10R11)n R4 (ここで、Mはハロゲン化リチウム又はマグネシウムのいずれでもよく、ハロゲン化マグネシウムが好ましい)の、溶媒、例えばテトラヒドロフラン、塩化メチレン、又はジエチルエーテル中の13の溶液に対する、約−50℃〜約30℃(ここで、約−20℃〜約0℃が好ましい)の温度での添加は14を与える。低級アルコール溶媒(ここで、エタノールが好ましい)中のヒドロキシアミン塩酸塩と酢酸カリウムの混合物に対する、約23℃での14の添加は、異性体の混合物としてオキシム15を生成する。水酸化ナトリウム溶液、それに続くパラトルエンスルホニルクロリドによる約0℃でのオキシム15のアセトン溶液の処理は、抽出作業の後にO−スルホニル化合物の混合物を生成する。非極性溶媒、例えばベンゼン、ヘキサン、又はトルエン(ここではベンゼンが好ましい)中での粗製材料の溶解、そしてアルミナのカラムへの適用、その5分後のクロロホルム−メタノール(約10:1)を用いる溶出は、化合物1B及びベックマン転移由来の位置異性体を提供する。
【化7】
【0101】
式1Jの化合物はまた、以下のスキーム6に例示した方法によっても調製され得る。この合成にとって鍵となる出発材料は、基ER5 で置換された二重結合を含む化合物(式Xの化合物)及びR5 (X)から選択される1〜3個の基であり、ここで、ER5 はC(=O)R7 、C(=O)OR7 、C(=O)NR7 R8 、S(=O)2 R7 、S(=O)2 NR7 R8 、S(=O)2 OR7 、シアノ及びヘテロアリールから選択される電子求引基として定義される。更に、式Xの化合物は、ER5 が基R5 の1つ又は直接炭素一炭素二重結合に結合し、そしてその結果2−シクロペンタン−1−オン及び2−シクロヘキサン−1−オンの様な化合物を含むものであってもよい。あるいは、式Xの化合物(ここで、LはCl、Br、I、OC(=O)R7 、又はOS(=O)2 R7 として定義される)は、出発材料として使用されてもよく;その様な化合物の例は3−クロロ−1−シクロペンタン、3−アセトキシ−1−シクロブタノンである。以下の様に、スキーム6を参照すると、4(5)−ニトロイミダゾール(ここで、当該塩はナトリウム、カリウム、セシウム、1,8−ジアザビシクロ〔5.4.0〕ウンデカ−7−エン(DBU)又はテトラアルキルアンモニウムであり、ここでテトラn−ブチルアンモニウム及びDBUが好ましい塩である)の、中間体16又は17による、溶媒、例えばアセトニトリル、塩化メチレン、1,2−ジクロロエタン、又はクロロホルム(ここではアセトニトリルが好ましい溶媒である)中での、約−60℃〜約50℃(ここでは−20℃〜23℃が好ましい範囲である)の温度での処理は、式2Aの付加産物を与える。ニトロ化合物2Aの還元は、2Aと貴金属触媒(ここではパラジウムが好ましい貴金属触媒であり、当該金属は不活性固形支持体、例えばチャコール上で簡便に懸濁され得る)の混合物を、溶媒、例えば酢酸エチル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、又はそれらの混合物中で、約1〜100気圧の圧力の水素ガス雰囲気(ここで、水素ガスの好ましい圧力は約1〜約10気圧である)に曝露することによって達成され得る。2Aが消費された後、混合物は濾過され、そして生じたアミンは直ちに、酸塩化物、ClC(=O)(CR10R11)n R4 、酸無水物(R4 (CR10R11)n C(=O))2 O、又は活性化カルボン酸誘導体×C(=O)(CR10R11)n R4 と、塩基、例えばトリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、ピリジン、又は2,6−ルチジン(ここでは1−プロパンホスフィン酸環状無水物とトリエチルアミンが好ましい組み合わせである)の存在下、−78℃〜約40℃で反応して1Jを与える。活性化カルボン酸誘導体はカルボン酸HOC(=O)(CR10R11)n R4 と既知の活性化試薬、例えばジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド、1−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−3−エチルカルボジイミド塩酸塩、カルボニルジイミダゾール、1−プロパンホスホン酸環状無水物、クロロギ酸アルキル又はアリール、ビス(2−オキソ−3−オキサゾリジニル)ホスフィン酸塩化物、ベンゾトリアゾール−1−イルオキシ−トリス(ジメチルアミノ)ホスホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート、又は任意な他の標準的な文献に記載されているものなどから調製される。
【0102】
あるいは、濾過の後、中間体のアミンは、塩基、例えばトリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、ピリジン、又は2,6−ルチジン、及びクロロギ酸アルキル又はアリール(ここではジイソプロピルエチルアミンとクロロギ酸フェニルが好ましい組み合わせである)を用いて、約−78℃〜約40℃(ここで、約−78℃〜約−40℃が好ましい)で処理されてもよく、その結果1Kを与える。
【0103】
第1級又は第2級アミンを用いる、溶媒、例えばジオキサン、ジメチルホルムアミド、又はアセトニトリル(ここでは、ジオキサン−ジメチルホルムアミドの1:1混合物が好ましい)中での1Kのその後の処理は、相当する尿素産物1Lを与える。
【0104】
当業者にとって既知の方法を用いる化合物2A、1J、1K、及び1Lのその後の変換は、本出願に記載の式1の化合物を更に提供するために実施されることがある。
【0105】
本明細書に記載の式1の化合物(ここで、R2 は水素以外である)は、当業者に周知の方法を用いて、本明細書に記載の式1の化合物(ここで、R2 は水素である)の変換によって調製されることもある。例えば、式1の化合物(ここで、R2 はFである)は、式1の化合物(ここで、R2 は水素である)例えば、上文のスキーム1で言及されている式1A、1B、及び1Cの化合物を、N−フルオロベンゼンスルホンイミドを用いてトルエン、キシレン、又はジオキサン中で、ほぼ室温から約150℃、好ましくは約100℃〜約120℃で処理することによって調製され得る。
【化8】
【0106】
式1の化合物の医薬として許容される塩は、相当する遊離塩基又は酸を1化学当量の医薬として許容される酸又は塩基で処理することによって簡便に調製することができる。常用の濃縮又は結晶化技術がこの塩を単離するために適用され得る。適当な酸の例示として、酢酸、乳酸、コハク酸、マレイン酸、酒石酸、クエン酸、グルコン酸、アスコルビン酸、安息香酸、桂皮酸、フマル酸、硫酸、リン酸、塩酸、臭化水素酸、ヨウ化水素酸、スルファミン酸、スルホン酸、例えばメタンスルホン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸、及び関連する酸がある。例示的な塩基としてナトリウム、カリウム、及びカルシウムがある。
【0107】
本発明の化合物は、単独で、又は医薬として許容される担体と組み合わせて、単回又は複数回投与のいずれかで投与されることがある。適当な医薬として許容される担体は、不活性な固形の希釈剤又は充填剤、滅菌水溶液及び種々の有機溶媒を含む。式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩を組み合わせることによって形成される医薬組成物は、その結果、種々の剤形、例えば錠剤、粉末、ロゼンジ、シロップ、注射溶液等で容易に投与され得る。これらの医薬組成物は、所望により、追加の成分、例えば香料、結合剤、賦形剤等を含んでもよい。この様に、経口投与のために、種々の賦形剤、例えばクエン酸ナトリウム、炭酸カルシウム及びリン酸カルシウムを含む錠剤は、種々の崩壊剤、例えばデンプン、メチルセルロース、アルギン酸及びある複合ケイ酸塩を、結合剤、例えばポリビニルピロリドン、スクロース、ゼラチン及びアカシアと一緒に利用され得る。更に、潤滑剤、例えばステアリン酸マグネシウム、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム及びタルクが錠剤化のためにしばしば使用される。類似の型の固形組成物も、軟ゼラチンカプセル及び硬ゼラチンカプセル化において充填剤として利用され得る。このために好ましい材料として、ラクトース又は乳糖及び高分子量のポリエチレングリコールがある。水性懸濁液又はエリキシルが経口投与に所望される場合、その中の必須活性成分は、種々の甘味剤又は香料、着色物質又は色素及び、所望により乳化剤又は懸濁剤を、希釈剤、例えば水、エタノール、プロピレングリコール、グリセリン及びそれらの組み合わせと一緒に組み合わされることがある。
【0108】
非経口投与の場合、ゴマ油又は落花生油、水性プロピレングリコール中、あるいは滅菌水溶液中に本発明の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩を含む溶液が利用され得る。その様な水溶液は、必要により適当に緩衝化されるべきであり、そして液体の希釈剤は十分な量の生理食塩水又はグルコースで等張性を与えられるべきである。これらの特定の水溶液は、静脈内又は筋肉内、皮下及び腹腔内投与に特に適している。利用される滅菌水溶液は、全て当業に容易に利用可能なものである。
【0109】
式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩は、経口、経皮(例えばパッチの使用を介して)、非経口(例えば静脈内)、経直腸、又は局所的に投与され得る。通常、神経変性疾患又は症状あるいは処置がドーパミン媒介性神経伝達を変化させることによって達成され、又は容易となり得る疾患又は症状を処置するための1日量は、通常処置されるべき患者の体重1kg当たり約0.0001〜約10.0mgに及ぶ。良性の異常な細胞増殖に関与するガン又は疾患又は症状を処置するための1日量は、通常、処置されるべき患者の体重1kg当たり約0.0001〜約500mgに及ぶ。例えば、式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩は、神経変性障害の処置のために、平均体重(約70kg)の成人に対し、1日当たり約0.01mg〜最大1000mg、好ましくは1日当たり約0.1〜約500mgに及ぶ量で、単回で又は分割して(すなわち多数回で)投与され得る。肥満、精子の運動性、脱毛、又はGSK−3を阻害することによって処置され得る任意な他の疾患若しくは症状を処置するための1日量は、通常、処置されるべき患者の体重1kg当たり約0.0001〜約10.0mgに及ぶ。前述の量の範囲に基づく変更は、医師によって、既知の検討材料、例えば処置される人の体重、年齢、及び症状、苦痛の深刻度、及び選択される特定の投与経路を考慮して行われることがある。
【0110】
式1の化合物及びそれらの医薬として許容される塩は更に、異常な細胞増殖を阻害するのに有効な量の抗血管新生剤、シグナル伝達阻害剤、及び抗増殖剤から選択される1又は複数の物質を含む医薬組成物で投与されることがあり、あるいはそれらに調製されることもある。
【0111】
抗血管新生剤、例えばMMP−2(マトリックス−メタロプロテイナーゼ2)阻害剤、MMP−9(マトリックス−メタロプロテイナーゼ9)阻害剤、及びCOX−II(シクロオキシゲナーゼII)阻害剤は、ガンを含む異常な細胞増殖の処置のために、本明細書に記載の方法及び医薬組成物において、式1の化合物と一緒に使用され得る。有用なCOX−II阻害剤の例は、CELEBREX(商標)(セレコギシブ)、バルデコキシブ、及びロフェコキシブを含む。有用なマトリックスメタロプロテイナーゼ阻害剤の例は、WO96/33172(1996年10月24日公開)、WO96/27583(1996年3月7日公開)、欧州特許出願第9730497.1号(1997年7月8日出願)、欧州特許出願第99308617.2号(1999年10月29日出願)、WO98/07697(1998年2月26日公開)、WO98/03516(1998年1月29日公開)、WO98/34918(1998年8月13日)、WO98/34915(1998年8月13日公開)、WO98/33768(1998年8月6日公開)、WO98/30566(1998年7月16日公開)、欧州特許公報第606,046号(1994年7月13日発行)、欧州特許公報第931,788号(1999年7月28日発行)、WO90/05719(1990年3月31日公開)、WO99/52910(1999年10月21日公開)、WO99/52889(1999年10月21日公開)、WO99/52889(1999年10月21日公開)、WO99/29667(1999年6月17日公開)、PCT国際出願番号PCT/IB98/01113(1998年7月21日出願)、欧州特許出願番号99302232.1(1999年3月25日出願)、英国特許出願番号9912961.1(1999年6月3日出願)、米国仮特許出願番号60/148,464(1999年8月12日出願)、米国特許5,863,949(1999年1月26日発行)、米国特許5,861,510(1999年1月19日発行)、及び欧州特許公報第780,386号(1997年6月25日公開)に記載されており、これらは全て、引用によってその全体が本明細書に組み入れられている。好ましいMMP−2及びMMP−9阻害剤は、MMP−1を阻害する活性をほとんど又は全く有さないものである。更に好ましいものは、他のマトリックス−メタロプロテイナーゼ(すなわち、MMP−1、MMP−3、MMP−4、MMP−5、MMP−6、MMP−7、MMP−8、MMP−10、MMP−11、MMP−12及びMMP−13)と比較して選択的にMMP−2及び/又はMMP−9を阻害するものである。
【0112】
本発明において有用なMMP阻害剤のいくつかの具体例として、AG−3340、RO32−3555、RS13−0830、並びに以下の一覧表:
3−〔〔4−(4−フルオロ−フェノキシ)−ベンゼンスルホニル〕−(1−ヒドロキシカルバモイル−シクロペンチル)−アミノ〕−プロピオン酸;
3−オキソ−3−〔4−(4−フルオロ−フェノキシ)−ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ〕−8−オキサ−ビシクロ〔3.2.1〕オクタン−3−カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド;
(2R,3R)1−〔4−(2−クロロ−4−フルオロ−ベンジルオキシ)−ベンゼンスルホニル〕−3−ヒドロキシ−3−メチル−ピペリジン−2−カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド;
4−〔4−(4−フルオロ−フェノキシ)−ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ〕−テトラビトロ−ピラン−4−カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド;
3−〔〔4−(4−フルオロ−フェノキシ)−ベンゼンスルホニル〕−(1−ヒドロキシカルバモイル−シクロブチル)−アミノ〕−プロピオン酸;
4−〔4−(4−クロロ−フェノキシ)−ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ〕−テトラヒドロ−ピラン−4−カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド;
(R)3−〔4−(4−クロロ−フェノキシ)−ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ〕−テトラヒドロ−ピラン−3−カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド;
(2R,3R)1−〔4−(4−フルオロ−2−メチル−ベンジルオキシ)−ベンゼンスルホニル〕−3−ヒドロキシ−3−メチル−ピペリジン−2−カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド;
3−〔〔4−(4−フルオロ−フェノキシ)−ベンゼンスルホニル〕−(1−ヒドロキシカルバモイル−1−メチル−エチル)−アミノ〕−プロピオン酸;
3−〔〔4−(4−フルオロ−フェノキシ)−ベンゼンスルホニル〕−(4−ヒドロキシカルバモイル−テトラヒドロ−ピラン−4−イル)−アミノ〕−プロピオン酸;
エキソ−3−〔4−(4−クロロ−フェノキシ)−ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ〕−8−オキサ−ビシクロ〔3.2.1〕オクタン−3−カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド;
3−エンド−3−〔4−(4−フルオロ−フェノキシ)−ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ〕−8−オキサ−ビシクロ〔3.2.1〕オクタン−3−カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド;及び
(R)3−〔4−(4−フルオロ−フェノキシ)−ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ〕−テトラヒドロ−フラン−3−カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミドに列記されている化合物、並びに前記化合物の医薬として許容される塩及び溶媒和物がある。
【0113】
他の抗血管形成剤、例えば他のCOX−II阻害剤及び他のMMP阻害剤も本発明において使用され得る。
【0114】
cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物と組み合わせるときのCOX−II阻害剤の有効量は通常、当業者によって決定され得る。cdk5阻害剤と組み合わせるときのCOX−II阻害剤についての推奨される1日当たりの有効量の範囲は、約0.1〜約25mg/kg体重である。cdk5阻害剤の有効な1日量は、通常約0.0001〜約10mg/kg体重である。いくつかの例において、COX−II阻害剤及び/又はcdk5阻害剤の組み合わせ時の量は、異常な細胞増殖を阻害する際に同一の所望とされる効果を達成するために、個々を基準として要求されるものよりも少ないと思われる。
【0115】
式1の化合物はまた、シグナル伝達阻害剤、例えばEGFR(上皮成長因子受容体)の応答を阻害し得る物質、例えばEGFR抗体、EGF抗体、及びEGFR阻害剤である分子;VEGF(血管内皮増殖因子)阻害剤;及びerbB2受容体阻害剤、例えばerbB2受容体と結合する有機分子又は抗体、例えばHERCEPTIN(商標)(Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, California, USA)と一緒に使用され得る。その様な組み合わせは、異常な細胞増殖、例えばガンを、本明細書に記載の様に処置し、そして予防するために有用である。
【0116】
EGFR阻害剤は、例えばWO95/19970(1995年7月27日公開)、WO98/14451(1998年4月9日公開)、WO98/02434(1998年1月22日公開)、及び米国特許5,747,498(1998年5月5日発行)に記載されており、そしてその様な物質は、本明細書に記載の通り本発明において使用され得る。EGFR阻害剤は、限定しないが、モノクローナル抗体C225及び抗EGFR 22Mab(ImClore Systems Incorporated New York, New York, USA)、化合物ZD−1839(Astra Zeneca)、BIBX−1382(Boehringer Ingelheim)MDX−447(Medarex Inc., Annandale, New Jersey, USA)、及びOLX−103(Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA)、VRCTC−310(Ventech Research)及びEGF融合毒素(Seragen Inc., Hopkinton, Massachusettes )を含む。これら及び他のEGFR阻害剤も本発明において使用され得る。
【0117】
VEGF阻害剤、例えばSU−5416及びSU−6668(Sugen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA)も式1の化合物と組み合わせることがある。VEGF阻害剤は、例えばWO99/24440(1999年5月20日公開)、PCT国際特許出願PCT/IB99/00797(1999年5月3日出願)、WO95/21613(1995年8月17日公開)、WO99/61422(1999年12月2日公開)、米国特許5,834,504(1998年11月10日発行)、WO98/50356(1998年11月12日公開)、米国特許5,883,113(1999年3月16日発行)、米国特許5,886,020(1999年3月23日発行)、米国特許5,792,783(1998年8月17日発行)、WO99/10349(1999年3月4日公開)、WO97/32856(1997年9月12日公開)、WO97/22596(1997年6月26日公開)、WO98/54093(1998年12月3日公開)、WO98/02438(1998年1月22日公開)、WO99/16755(1999年4月8日公開)、及びWO98/02437(1998年1月22日公開)に記載されており、それらは全て、引用によりその全体が本明細書に組み入れられる。
【0118】
ErbBL受容体阻害剤、例えばGW−282974(Glaxo Wellcome plc)、及びモノクローナル抗体AR−209(Arorex Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, Texas, USA)及び2B−1(Chiron)も式1の化合物と組み合わされることがあり、例えばWO98/02434(1998年1月22日公開)、WO99/35146(1999年7月15日公開)、WO99/35132(1999年7月15日公開)、WO98/02437(1998年1月22日公開)、WO97/13760(1997年4月17日公開)、WO95/19970(1995年7月27日公開)、米国特許5,587,458(1996年12月24日発行)、及び米国特許5,877,305(1999年3月2日発行)に記載されているものであり、これらは全て、引用によってその全体が本明細書に組み入れられる。本発明において有用なErbB2受容体阻害剤はまた、米国特許出願番号60/117,341(1999年1月27日出願)、及び米国仮特許出願番号60/117,346(1999年1月27日出願)に記載されており、これらは共に、それらの全体が引用によって本明細書に組み入れられる。上文で言及したPCT出願、米国特許、及び米国仮特許出願に記載のerbB2受容体阻害化合物及び物質、並びにerbB2受容体を阻害する他の化合物及び物質は、本発明に従い式1の化合物と一緒に使用され得る。
【0119】
式1の化合物はまた、異常な細胞増殖又はガンを処置するのに有用な他の物質、例えば限定しないが、抗腫瘍免疫応答を増強し得る物質、例えばCTLA4(細胞障害性リンパ球抗原)抗体、及びCTLA4を阻止することができる他の物質;及び抗増殖性物質、例えばファルネシルタンパク質トランスフェラーゼ阻害剤と共に使用され得る。本発明において使用され得る特異的なCTLA4抗体は、引用によって全体が組み入れられる米国仮特許出願60/113,647(1998年12月23日出願)に記載のものを含むが、他のCTLA4抗体も本発明において使用され得る。
【0120】
式1の化合物はまた、放射線治療と組み合わせて、哺乳類における異常な細胞増殖を阻害するための方法において投与され得る。放射線治療で投与するための技術は当業界で知られており、そしてこれらの技術は、本明細書に記載の組み合わせの治療において使用され得る。この組み合わせの治療における本発明の化合物の投与は、本明細書に記載の通りに決定され得る。
【0121】
cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物はまた、アルツハイマー病、軽い認識機能障害、又は年齢に関連する認識機能の低下を処置するためのCOX−II阻害剤と一緒に投与され得る。本発明のこの観点において有用なCOX−II阻害剤の具体例は上文に示しており、ここでは、異常な細胞増殖の処置のための式1の化合物と組み合わせたCOX−II阻害剤の使用が記載されている。cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物と組み合わせたCOX−II阻害剤の有効量は、通常当業者によって決定され得る。cdk5阻害剤と組み合わせたCOX−II阻害剤について推奨される有効な1日量の範囲は、約0.1〜約25mg/kg体重である。cdk5阻害剤の1日の有効量は、約0.0001〜約10mg/kg体重である。いくつかの場合において、組み合わせた場合のCOX−II阻害剤の量及び/又はcdk5阻害剤の量は、アルツハイマー病、軽い認識機能障害、又は年齢に関連する認識機能の低下の処置において同一の所望される効果を達成するための個々の基準を基に要求されるものよりも少ないことがある。
【0122】
cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物はまた、うつ病又は不安症の処置のためにNK−1受容体アンタゴニストと組み合わせて投与され得る。本明細書に列記されている様なNK−1受容体アンタゴニストは、NK−1受容体に対してアンタゴニストすることができ、それによりタキキニン媒介性の応答、例えばP物質によって媒介される応答を阻害する物質である。様々なNK−1受容体アンタゴニストが当業界で知られており、そして任意なその様なNK−1受容体アンタゴニストは、cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物と組み合わせて、上文に記載の通りに本発明において利用され得る。NK−1受容体アンタゴニストは、例えば、米国特許5,716,965(1998年2月10日発行);米国特許5,852,038(1998年12月22日発行);WO90/05729(国際公開日1990年5月31日);米国特許5,807,867(1998年9月15日発行);米国特許5,886,009(1999年3月23日発行);米国特許5,939,433(1999年8月17日発行);米国特許5,773,450(1998年6月30日発行);米国特許5,744,480(1998年4月28日発行);米国特許5,232,929(1993年8月3日発行);米国特許5,332,817(1994年7月26日発行);米国特許5,122,525(1992年6月16日発行);米国特許第5,843,966(1998年12月1日発行);米国特許5,703,240(1997年12月30日発行);米国特許5,719,147(1998年2月17日発行);及び米国特許5,637,699(1997年6月10日発行)に記載されている。前述の米国特許及び前述の公開されたPCT国際出願はそれぞれ、引用によってそれらの全体が本明細書に組み入れられる。NK−1受容体拮抗活性を有する、前記文献に記載の化合物は本発明において使用され得る。しかしながら、他のNK−1受容体アンタゴニストも本発明において使用され得る。
【0123】
cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物と組み合わせた場合のNK−1受容体アンタゴニストの有効量は、通常当業者によって決定され得る。cdk5阻害剤と組み合わせた場合のNK−1受容体アンタゴニストについての推奨される有効な1日量の範囲は、約0.07〜約21mg/kg体重である。いくつかの場合において、組み合わせた場合のNK−1受容体アンタゴニスト及び/又はcdk5阻害剤の量は、うつ病又は不安症の処置において同一の所望とされる効果を達成するための個々の基準に基づいて要求されるものより少ないことがある。
【0124】
本発明はまた、うつ病又は不安症の処置のためにcdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物を5HT1D受容体アンタゴニストと組み合わせることを提供する。本明細書に列記されている様な5HT1D受容体アンタゴニストは、セロトニン受容体の5HT1Dのサブタイプをアンタゴナイズする物質である。任意な様な物質は、cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物と組み合わせて、上文に記載の通りに本発明において使用され得る。5HT1D受容体拮抗活性を有する物質は、WO98/14433(国際公開日1998年4月9日);WO97/36867(国際公開日1997年10月9日);WO94/21619(国際公開日1994年9月29日);米国特許5,510,350(1996年4月23日発行);米国特許5,358,948(1994年10月25日発行);及びGB2276162 A(1994年9月21日公開)に記載されている。これらの5HT1D受容体のアンタゴニスト及びその他のものも本発明において使用され得る。前述の公開特許出願及び特許は、引用によってその全体が本明細書に組み入れられる。
【0125】
cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物と組み合わせた場合の5HT1D 受容体アンタゴニストの有効量は、通常当業者によって決定され得る。cdk5阻害剤と組み合わせた場合の5HT1D 受容体アンタゴニストに推奨される有効な1日量の範囲は、約0.01〜約40mg/kg体重である。cdk5阻害剤の有効な1日量は、約0.0001〜約10mg/kg体重である。いくつかの場合において、組み合わせた場合の5HT1D 受容体アンタゴニストの量及び/又はcdk5阻害剤の量は、うつ病又は不安症の処置において同一の所望とされる効果を達成するための個々の基準に基づいて要求されるものより少ないことがある。
【0126】
本発明はまた、哺乳類のうつ病又は不安症を処置するための医薬組成物及び方法であって、cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物、及びSSRIを含んで成るものを提供する。方法又は医薬組成物においてcdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物及びそれらの医薬として許容される塩と組み合わせられることがあるSSRIの例は、限定しないが、フルオキセチン、パロキセチン、セルトラリン、及びフルボキサミンを含む。他のSSRIは、cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩と組み合わされてもよく、あるいはそれらと一緒に投与されてもよい。cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物と組み合わされ、又はそれと一緒に投与され得る他の抗うつ剤及び/又は抗不安作用性物質は、WELLBUTRIN、SERZONE及びEFFEXORを含む。
【0127】
cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物と組み合わせた場合のSSRIの有効量は、通常当業者によって決定され得る。cdk5阻害剤と組み合わせたSSRIについて推奨される有効な1日量の範囲は、約0.01〜約500mg/kg体重である。cdk5阻害剤の有効な1日量は、通常約0.0001〜約10mg/kg体重である。いくつかの場合において、組み合わせた場合のSSRIの量及び/又はcdk5阻害剤の量は、うつ病又は不安症の処置において同一の所望とされる効果を達成するための個々の基準に基づいて要求されるものより少ないことがある。
【0128】
cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物、又は医薬として許容されるその塩は、1又は複数の抗精神病薬、例えばドーパミン作動性物質と、処置がドーパミン神経伝達を変化させることによって達成され、又は容易となり得る疾患又は症状、例えば統合失調症の処置のために組み合わせられることもある。本発明の化合物と組み合わせられることもある抗精神病薬の例として、ジプラシドン(5−(2−(4−(1,2−ベンズイソチアゾール−3−イル)−1−ピペラジニル)エチル)−6−クロロ−1,3−ジヒドロ−2H−インドール−2−オン;米国特許4,831,031及び米国特許5,312,925);オランザピン(2−メチル−4−(4−メチル−1−ピペラジニル−10H−チエノ(2,3b)(1,5)ベンゾジアゼピン;米国特許4,115,574及び米国特許5,229,382);リスペリドン(3−〔2−〔4−(6−フルオロ−1,2−ベンズイソキサゾール−3−イル)−1−ピペリジニル〕エチル〕6,7,8,9−テトラヒドロ−2−メチル−4H−ピリド〔1,2−a〕ピリミジン−4−オン;米国特許4,804,663);L−745870(3−(4−(4−クロロフェニル)ピペラジン−1−イル)メチル−1H−ピロロ(2,3−b)ピリジン;米国特許5,432,177);ソネピペラゾール(S−4−(4−(2−(イソクロマン−1−イル)エチル)ピペラジン−1−イル)ベンゼンスルホンアミド;米国特許5,877,317);RP 62203(ファナンセリン;2−(3−(4−(4−フルオロフェニル)−1−ピペラジニル)プロピル)ナフト(1,8−c,d)イソチアゾール−1,1−ジオキシド;米国特許5,021,420);NGD 941(米国特許5,633,376及び米国特許5,428,165);バラペリドン((1α,5α,6α)−3−(2−(6−(4−フルオロフェニル)−3−アザビシクロ(3.2.0)ヘプタ−3−イル)エチル)−2,4(1H,3H)−キナゾリンジオン;米国特許5,475,105);フレシノキサン((+)−4−フルオロ−N−〔2−〔4−5−(2−ヒドロキシメチル−1,4−ベンゾジオキサニル)〕−1−ピペラジニル〕エチル〕ベンズアミド;米国特許4,833,142);並びにゲピロン(4,4−ジメチル−1−(4−(4−(2−ピリミジニル)−1−ピペラジニル)ブチル)−2,6−ピペリジンジオン;米国特許4,423,049)がある。この段落の上文に列記した特許は、それぞれ引用によってその全体が本明細書に組み入れられる。cdk阻害剤の有効な1日量は、通常約0.0001〜約10mg/kg体重である。cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物と組み合わせて使用することが考慮される前述の任意な抗精神病薬の量は、精神的な症状を処置するために有用であることが当業界で知られている量である。しかしながら、いくつかの場合において、組み合わせた場合の抗精神病薬の量及び/又はcdk5阻害剤の量は、うつ病又は不安症の処置において同一の所望とされる効果を達成するための個々の基準に基づいて要求されるものより少ないことがある。更に、本発明はcdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物を前述のリスト以外の抗精神病薬又はドーパミン作動性薬と組み合わせることも包含すると解されるべきである。
【0129】
cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物との上述の組み合わせにおけるソネピペラゾールについて推奨される量は、約0.005〜約50mg/kg患者の体重/日である。その様な組み合わせにおいて推奨されるRP62203の量は、約0.20〜約6mg/kg患者の体重/日である。その様な組み合わせにおいて推奨されるNGD941の量は、約0.1〜約140mg/kg患者の体重/日である。その様な組み合わせにおいて推奨されるバラペリドンの量は、約1〜約100mg/kg体重/日である。その様な組み合わせにおいて推奨されるフレシノキサンは、約0.02〜約1.6mg/kg体重/日である。その様な組み合わせにおいてゲピロンについて推奨される量は約0.01〜約2mg/kg体重/日、好ましくは約0.05〜約100mg/kg体重/日である。その様な組み合わせにおいて推奨されるL−745870の量は、約0.01〜約250mg/kg体重/日、好ましくは約0.05〜約100mg/kg体重/日である。その様な組み合わせにおいて推奨されるリスペリドンの量は、約0.05〜約50mg/kg体重/日である。その様な組み合わせにおいて推奨されるオランザピンの量は、約0.0005〜約0.6mg/kg体重/日である。その様な組み合わせにおいて推奨されるジプラシドンの量は、約0.05〜約10mg/kg体重/日である。しかしながら、前述の各組み合わせについてのいくつかの場合において、前記組み合わせにおけるそれぞれの具体的な成分の量は、精神的症状の処置において同一の所望とされる効果を達成するための個々の基準に基づいて要求されるものより少ないことがある。
【0130】
本発明はまた、アルツハイマー病、軽い認識機能障害、又は年齢に関連する認識機能の低下を処置するための医薬組成物及び方法であって、cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物、及びアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤を含んで成るものを提供する。アセチルコリンエステラーゼは当業界で知られており、任意なその様なアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤は、上述の医薬組成物又は方法において使用され得る。本発明において使用され得るアセチルコリンエステラーゼの例は、ARICEPT(ドネペジル;米国特許4,895,841);EXELON(リバスチグミン((S)−〔N−エチル−3−〔1−(ジメチルアミノ)エチル〕フェニルカルバメート);米国特許5,603,176及び米国特許4,948,807);メトリフォネート((2,2,2−トリクロロ−1−ヒドロキシエチル)ホスホン酸ジメチルエステル;米国特許2,701,225及び米国特許第4,950,658);ガランタミン(米国特許4,663,318);フィゾスチグミン(Forest, USA);タクリン(1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロ−9−アクリジナミン;米国特許4,816,456);フペルジンA(5R−(5α,9β,11E))−5−アミノ−11−エチリデン−5,6,9,10−テトラヒドロ−7−メチル−5,9−メタンシクロオクタ(b)ピリジン−2−(1H)−オン);及びイコペジル(icopezil)(5,7−ジヒドロ−3−(2−(1−(フェニルメチル)−4−ピペリジニル)エチル)−6H−ピロロ(3,2−f)−1,2−ベンズイソキサゾール−6−オン;米国特許5,750,542及びWO92/17475)である。この段落の上文に列記されている特許及び特許出願は、引用によってその全体が本明細書に組み入れられる。
【0131】
cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物と組み合わせた場合のアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤の有効量は、通常当業者によって決定され得る。cdk5阻害剤と組み合わせた場合のアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤について推奨される有効な1日量の範囲は、約0.01〜約10mg/kg体重である。cdk5阻害剤の有効な1日量は、約0.0001〜約10mg/kg体重である。いくつかの場合において、組み合わせた場合のアセチルコリンエステラーゼの量及び/又はcdk5阻害剤の量は、アルツハイマー病、軽い認識機能障害、又は年齢に関連する認識機能の低下の処置において同一の所望の効果を達成するための個々の基準に基づいて要求されるものより少ないことがある。
【0132】
本発明はまた、ハンチントン舞踏病、脳卒中、脊髄損傷、外傷性脳損傷、多発脳梗塞性痴呆、てんかん、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、痛み、ウイルス誘導性痴呆、例えばAIDS誘導性痴呆、細菌感染に関連する神経変性、偏頭痛、低血糖症、尿失禁、脳虚血、多発性硬化症、アルツハイマー病、アルツハイマー型の老人性痴呆症、軽い認識機能障害、年齢に関連する認識機能の低下、嘔吐、大脳皮質基底核変性症、拳闘家痴呆、ダウン症、筋ジストロフィー、ニーマンピック病、ピック病、混乱を伴うプリオン病、進行性核上麻痺、下外側硬化症、及び亜急性硬化性全脳炎を処置するために、cdk5阻害剤を神経保護物質、例えばNMDA受容体アンタゴニストと組み合わせることを提供する。本発明において使用され得るNMDA受容体アンタゴニストの例として、(1S,2S)−1−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−2−(4−ヒドロキシ−4−フェニルピペリジン−1−イル)−1−プロパノール(米国特許5,272,160)、エリプロジル(米国特許4,690,931)、及びガベステネル(gavestenel)(米国特許5,373,018)がある。更に本発明において使用され得る他のNMDA受容体アンタゴニストは、米国特許5,373,018;米国特許4,690,931;米国特許5,272,160;米国特許5,185,343;米国特許5,356,905;米国特許5,744,483;WO97/23216;WO97/23215;WO97/23214;WO96/37222;WO96/06081;WO97/23458;WO97/32581;WO98/18793;WO97/23202;及び米国特許番号08/292,651(1994年8月18日出願)に記載されている。前述の特許及び特許出願はそれぞれ、引用によってその全体が本明細書に組み入れられる。
【0133】
NMDA受容体アンタゴニストと組み合わせた場合のcdk5阻害剤の有効な1日量は、通常約0.0001〜約10mg/kg体重である。前述の疾患のいずれか、例えばアルツハイマー病の処置のための、cdk5阻害剤、例えば式1の化合物と組み合わせての使用が考慮されるNMDA受容体アンタゴニストの量は、通常約0.02mg/kg/日〜約10mg/kg/日の範囲内である。しかしながら、いくつかの場合において、組み合わせた場合のNMDAアンタゴニストの量及び/又はcdk5阻害剤の量は、前記障害の処置において同一の所望とされる効果を達成するための個々の基準に基づいて要求されるものより少ないことがある。
【0134】
本発明はまた、脳卒中又は外傷性脳損傷を処置することができるある物質、例えばTPA、NIF、又はカリウムチャンネル調節因子、例えばBMS−204352とcdk5阻害剤を組み合わせることを提供する。その様な組み合わせは、神経変性障害、例えば脳卒中、脊髄損傷、外傷性脳損傷、多発脳梗塞性痴呆、てんかん、痛み、アルツハイマー病、老人性痴呆症等を処置するために有用である。
【0135】
上述の組み合わせの治療及び医薬組成物のための、本発明の化合物及び他の物質の有効量は通常、本明細書に記載の化合物の有効量及び当業界で知られている他の物質にとって公知又は既述のもの、例えば本明細書に組み込まれている上文で列記した特許及び特許出願に記載の量に基づいて、当業者によって決定され得る。その様な治療及び組成物のための製剤及び投与経路は、唯一の活性物質として本発明の化合物を含んで成る組成物及び治療のために本明細書に記載されている情報及びそれらと組み合わせられる他の物質について提供される情報に基づくことがある。
【0136】
cdk2、cdk5、又はGSK−3を阻害する式1の具体的な化合物は、当業者に知られている生物学的アッセイ、例えば以下に記載のアッセイを用いて決定され得る。
【0137】
cdk5又はcdk2の阻害のための式1の化合物の比活性は、例えば当業者にとって入手可能な材料を用いる以下のアッセイによって確認され得る。
【0138】
酵素活性は、ビオチン化したペプチド基質PKTPKKAKKL内への、〔33P〕ATP(Amersham, cat. no. AH-9968)のガンマリン酸塩由来の〔33P〕の組込みとしてアッセイされ得る。その様なアッセイにおいて、反応は50mM Tris−HCl,pH8.0;10mM MgCl2 、0.1mM Na3 UO4 、及び1mM DTTを含むバッファー中で実施される。ATPの終濃度は約0.5μM(最終的な比放射能4μCi/nmol)であり、そして基質の終濃度は0.75μMである。cdk5及び活性化タンパク質p25又はcdk2及び活性化サイクリンEのいずれかの添加によって阻害される反応は、室温で約60分間実施され得る。反応は0.6倍量の、(終濃度として)2.5mM EDTA、0.05% Triton−X100、100μM ATP、及び1.25mg/mlのストレプトアビジンでコーティングしたSPAビーズ(Amersham cat. no. RPNQ 0007 )を含むバッファーの添加によって停止される。前記ビーズに関連する放射能は、シンチレーションカウンターによって定量される。
【0139】
GSK−3の阻害のための式1の化合物の比活性は、共に当業界で説明されている(例えば、WO99/65897)無細胞アッセイ及び細胞を基にしたアッセイの両方において決定され得る。無細胞アッセイは通常、GSK−3と、ペプチド基質、放射性標識されたATP(例えば、γ33P−又はγ32P−ATP。共にAmersham, Arlington Heights, Illinois より入手可能)、マグネシウムイオン、及びアッセイされる化合物とをインキュベートすることによって実施され得る。混合物は、放射性標識したリン酸塩がGSK−3活性によってペプチド基質に組み込まれる期間インキュベートされる。反応混合物は、典型的に酵素反応混合物の全部又は一部を、ペプチド基質に結合することができる均一な量のリガンドを含むウェルに最初に移した後に、未反応の放射性標識ATPを除去するために洗浄される。洗浄後に各ウェルに残っている33P又は32Pの量は、続いてペプチド基質内に組み込まれた放射性標識リン酸塩の量を決定するために定量される。阻害は、コントロールと比較した場合の、ペプチド基質内への放射性標識リン酸塩の組み込みの低下として観察される。アッセイに適したGSK−3ペプチド基質の例は、Wang, et al., Anal. Biochem., 220 : 397-402 (1994)に記載の、CREB DNA結合タンパク質由来のSGSG結合CREBペプチド配列である。アッセイのために精製されたGSK−3は、例えば、Stambolic, et al., Current Biology 6 : 1664-68 (1996) に記載されている様に、ヒトGSK−3β発現プラスミドでトランスフェクションした細胞から得ることができる。WO99/65897;Wang et al., 及び Stambolic et al., は、引用によってその全体が本明細書に組み入れられる。
【0140】
前段に記載のものに類似するGSK−3アッセイの別の例は以下の通りである:ビオチン化したペプチド基質PKTPKKAKKL内への、〔33P〕ATP(Amersham, cat. no. AH-9968)のガンマリン酸塩由来の〔33P〕の組込みとしてアッセイされ得る。その様なアッセイにおいて、反応は50mM Tris−HCl,pH8.0;10mM MgCl2 、0.1mM Na3 UO4 、及び1mM DTTを含むバッファー中で実施される。ATPの終濃度は約0.5μM(最終的な比放射能4μCi/nmol)であり、そして基質の終濃度は0.75μMである。cdk5及び活性化タンパク質p25又はcdk2及び活性化サイクリンEのいずれかの添加によって阻害される反応は、室温で約60分間実施され得る。反応は0.6倍量の、(終濃度として)2.5mM EDTA、0.05% Triton−X100、100μM ATP、及び1.25mg/mlのストレプトアビジンでコーティングしたSPAビーズ(Amersham cat. no. RPNQ 0007 )を含むバッファーの添加によって停止される。前記ビーズに関連する放射能は、シンチレーションカウンターによって定量される。
【0141】
以下の実施例の表題の化合物の全てが、前述のアッセイに従いcdk5阻害剤についてアッセイされる場合に、約50μM未満のペプチド基質のリン酸化を阻害するIC50を有する。
【0142】
以下の実施例の表題の化合物のうちのいくつかは、上述の様なアッセイを用いてGSK−3阻害についてアッセイされ、そして試験した全てのものが約50μM未満のGSK−3βの阻害のためのIC50を有していた。
【0143】
以下の実施例は本発明を例示する。しかしながら、本明細書に完全に記載され、且つ特許請求の範囲に列記されている通り、本発明は以下の実施例の詳細によって限定されることが意図されていないと解される。
【0144】
実施例
調製物1
1−シクロブチル−4−ニトロ−1H−イミダゾール
1,4−ジニトロイミダゾール(237mg,1.5mmol,J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 5009-5015)をシクロブチルアミン(107mg,1.5mmol)/メタノール(10mL)溶液に対し23℃で添加した。反応混合物を(6時間撹拌し、続いて溶媒を真空で除去し、生じた残査をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(1:1 ヘキサン−酢酸エチル)によって精製し、230mg(92%の収率)の1−シクロブチル−4−ニトロ−1H−イミダゾールを与えた;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3 )δ7.81(s,1H),7.45(s,1H),4.64(m,1H),2.6(m,2H),2.4(m,2H),2.0(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):168.2(M+H)+.
注意:1,4−ジニトロイミダゾールは高エネルギー性の準安定性物質であり、そして使用していない際は常に冷凍庫で保存されるべきである。熱力学的測定は、それが断熱条件下、35℃で激しく爆発するほどのエネルギーを潜在的に生み出すことができることを示している。この材料を用いる際には常に極度の注意を払うべきである。
【0145】
調製物2
1−シクロペンチル−4−ニトロ−1H−イミダゾール
その反応は、シクロペンチルアミンと1,4−ジニトロイミダゾールにより、調製物1の手順を用いて実施され、それにより205mg(75%の収率)の1−シクロペンチル−4−ニトロ−1H−イミダゾールが生じた;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3 )δ7.77(s,1H),7.45(s,1H),4.49(m,1H),2.25(m,2H),2.0−1.7(m,6H);MS(AP/Cl):182.2(M+H)+.
【0146】
調製物3
4−ニトロ−1−(シス−3−フェニル−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール
この反応は、シス−3−フェニルシクロブチルアミン(J. Med. Pharm. Chem 1960, 2, 687-691;ACIEE 1981, 20, 879-880 )及び1,4−ジニトロイミダゾールにより、調製物1のための手順を用いて実施され、それにより46mg(46%の収率)の4−ニトロ−1−(シス−3−フェニル−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾールが生じた;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3 )δ7.9(s,1H),7.55(s,1H),7.4−7.2(m,5H),4.73(m,1H),3.48(m,1H),3.12(m,2H),2.54(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):244(M+H)+.
【0147】
例1
N−(1−シクロブチル−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル)−2−キノリン−6−イル−アセトアミド
Parrの水素化ボトルに対し、1−シクロブチル−4−ニトロ−1H−イミダゾール(調製物1,150mg,0.9mmol)及び酢酸エチル(10mL)続いて10% Pd−炭素(250mg)を添加した。反応混合物をParrの水素化ボトル装置に据え、そして23℃で50psi のもと6時間反応させた。ボトルの中身は、セライトの単純な詰め物を介して濾過コメ、そして乾燥塩化メチレン(25mL)を用いて、炎で乾燥させたフラスコ内に窒素雰囲気ですすいだ。Et3 N(626μL,4.5mmol)を加え、そして反応液を−10℃に冷却した。6−キノリル酢酸(168mg,0.9mmol)及びトリプロピルホスホン酸無水物(530μL,1.7M溶液/酢酸)を続いて添加し、そして混合物を−10℃で2時間撹拌した。溶液を塩化メチレン(50mL)で希釈し、そして水で洗浄した(2×)。水相を塩化メチレンで抽出(3×)、そして有機相を一緒にし、そして塩溶液で洗浄した(1×)。溶媒を真空で除去し、残査をシリカゲルに吸着させ、そしてSIMアタッチメントを有するBiofage Flash 12系を用いるクロマトグラフィーにかけ(40:1塩化メチレン−メタノール)、それにより130mg(47%の収率)のN−(1−シクロブチル−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル)−2−キノリン−6−イル−アセトアミド(表題の化合物)が生じた;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3 )δ9.48(s,1H),8.87(dd,J=1.6,4.3Hz,1H),8.11(m,2H),7.76(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.67(dd,J=2.0,8.7Hz,1H),7.44(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.38(m,1H),7.25(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),4.5(m,1H),3.90(s,2H),2.4(m,2H),2.3(m,2H),1.85(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):307.1(M+H)+.
【0148】
例2
N−(1−シクロペンチル−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル)−2−(4−メトキシ−フェニル)−アセトアミド
例1のための手順が、p−メトキシ−フェニル酢酸及び1−シクロペンチル−4−ニトロ−1H−イミダゾール(調製物2)を用いて実施され、それによりN−(1−シクロペンチル−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル)−2−(4−メトキシ−フェニル)−アセトアミドが32%の収率(26.5mg)で調製された;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3 )δ8.54(s,1H),7.35(s,1H),7.24(m,2H),6.87(d,J=1.7Hz),4.36(m,1H),3.78(s,3H),3.64(s,2H),2.1(m,2H),1.8(m,4H),1.6(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):300.3(M+H)+.
【0149】
例3
N−〔1−(シス−3−フェニル−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール−4− イル〕−2−キノリン−6−イル−アセトアミド
例1の手順が6−キノリル酢酸及び4−ニトロ−1−(シス−3−フェニルシクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール(調製物3)を用いて実施され、それによりN−〔1−(シス−3−フェニル−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル〕−2−キノリン−6−イル−アセトアミドが38%の収率で調製された;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3 )δ8.93(m,1H),8.12(m,2H),7.79(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.71(m,1H),7.55(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.41(dd,J=4.3,8.4Hz,1H),7.37−7.22(m,5H),4.57(m,1H),3.96(s,2H),3.33(m,1H),2.95(m,2H),2.49(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):383.0(M+H)+.
【0150】
例4
(1−シクロブチル−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル)−カルバミン酸フェニルエステル
Parrの水素化ボトルに1−シクロブチル−4−ニトロ−1H−イミダゾール(調製物1.3g,18mmol)及び酢酸エチル(70mL)、続いて10% Pd−炭素(1.2g)を窒素雰囲気のもと充填する。混合物を50psi のH2 のもと、23℃で6時間水素化した。混合物は、続いて塩化メチレン(140mL)ですすいだセライトのパッドを介して炎で乾燥したフラスコ内に濾過された。生じた溶液を−78℃に冷却し、そしてジイソプロピルエチルアミン(2.3g,18mmol)を添加し、続いてクロロギ酸フェニル(2.5g,16.2mmol)を一滴ずつ添加した。30分後、酢酸(1.8mmol)を含むメタノールを加えた。反応混合物を分液漏斗に移し、これを酢酸エチル(200mL)で希釈し、そして水で洗浄した(2×)。水相を酢酸エチルで抽出した(2×10mL)。有機相を一緒にし、これを塩溶液で洗浄し(2×)、そして次に脱水し(MgSO4 )、濾過し、そして真空で濃縮した。粗製産物をシリカゲル上に吸着させ、そしてシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーによって精製し(1:1 ヘキサン−酢酸エチル)、それにより3g(65%の収率)の(1−シクロブチル−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル)−カルバミン酸フェニルエステルが生じた;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3 )δ7.4−7.3(m,2H),7.22−7.18(m,3H),4.5(m,1H),2.46−2.30(m,4H),1.83(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):258.2(M+H)+.
【0151】
例5
1−(1−シクロブチル−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル)−3−イソキノリン−5−イル−ウレア
隔壁とねじぶたを有する1つのドラムバイアルに対し、(1−シクロブチル−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル)−カルバミン酸フェニルエステル(例4、50mg,0.19mmol)、5−アミノイソキノリン(30mg,0.21mmol)、及び1:1ジオキサン−DMF(1mL)を加えた。反応混合物を70℃で2時間加熱した。反応混合物をシリカゲル上に吸着させ、そしてシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(40:1 クロロホルム−メタノール)によって精製し、それにより30mg(52%の収率)の1−(1−シクロブチル−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル)−3−イソキノリン−5−イル−ウレアが生じた;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ9.21(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.45(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),8.24(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.98(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),7.84(dd,J=2.3,8.3Hz,1H),7.66(m,1H),7.54(s,1H),7.12(brs,1H),4.66(m,1H),2.5−2.3(m,4H),1.9(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):308.0(M+H)+.
【0152】
調製物4
N−〔1−(シス−3−アジド−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル〕−2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセトアミド
段階1
3−ベンジルオキシシクロブチルアミン(43.4mg,24.5mmol,Chem. Ber. 1957, 90, 1424-1432)をメタノール性の塩化水素(飽和、450mL)中で溶解し、続いて10% Pd−炭素(4g)を添加した。混合物を50psi のH2 で6時間水素化した。混合物を濾過し、そして真空で濃縮して約35mgの油を与えた。当該油をメタノール(600mL)に溶解し、0℃に冷却し、そして水酸化カリウム(13.7g,245mmol)で処理した。pHが10の場合、1,4−ジニトロイミダゾール(42.7g,270mmol)/メタノール(200mL)溶液(1,4−ジニトロイミダゾールを0℃でメタノール溶解することによって調製した)を加えた(注意:1,4−ジニトロイミダゾールは、高エネルギー性の準安定性物質であり、使用しない場合は常に冷凍庫で保存すべきである。熱力学的測定は、それが断熱条件下、35℃で激しく爆発するほどのエネルギーを潜在的に生み出すことができることを示している。この材料を用いる際には常に極度の注意を払うべきである)。生じた橙色の懸濁物を一晩かけて徐々に23℃にあたためた。溶媒を真空で除去し、そして生じた残査をシリカゲルの大きなプラグを通過させることによって精製し(20:1 クロロホルム−メタノール)、それにより19g(42%の収率)の3−(4−ニトロ−イミダゾール−1−イル)−シクロブタノールがシス−トランス異性体の1:1混合物として生じた;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ8.29(s,1H),8.27(s,1H),7.84(s,1H),7.81(s,1H),5.02(m,1H),4.53(m,1H),4.37(m,1H),4.10(m,1H),2.95(m,2H),2.7(m,2H),2.5(m,2H),2.3(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):184.0(M+H)+.
【0153】
段階2
3−(4−ニトロ−イミダゾール−1−イル)−シクロブタノール(調製物4、段階1;4g,22mmol)をEt3 N(7.7mL,55mmol)/塩化メチレン(150mL)、続いてp−トルエンスルホニルクロリド(TsCl)(5g,26.4mmol)及び4−N,N−ジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP)(268mg,2.2mmol)で処理した。生じた混合物を室温で24時間撹拌した。薄層クロマトグラフィーによる解析は2つの新しいスポットを示した。反応混合物を塩化メチレンで希釈し、そして水(1×)及び塩溶液(1×)で洗浄した。有機層を脱水(MgSo4 )し、濾過し、そして真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(1:1〜2:1 ヘキサン−酢酸エチル)による精製は、トランスとシスのジアステレオマーの分離を可能にした。溶出される最初のスポット(高いRf)はトランス異性体の、トランス−トルエン−4−スルホン酸3−(4−ニトロ−イミダゾール−1−イル)−シクロブチルエステル(2.7g,37%の収率)であった;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3 )δ7.79(s,1H),7.77(m,2H),7.44(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.36(dd,J=0.5,8.0Hz,2H),5.034(m,1H),4.94(m,1H),2.9(m,2H),2.7(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):338.1(M+H)+.溶出される第2のスポットはシス異性体の、シス−トルエン−4−スルホン酸3−(4−ニトロ−イミダゾール−1−イル)−シクロブチルエステル(2.9g,39%)の収率であった;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3 )δ7.8(m,3H),7.43(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),7.36(dd,J=0.6,8.5Hz,2H),4.74(m,1H),4.30(m,1H),3.05(m,2H),2.6−2.5(m,2H),2.45(s,3H);MS(AP/Cl):338.1(M+H)+.
相対的な構成は核オーバーハウザー効果によって決定された。
【0154】
段階3
トランス−トルエン−4−スルホン酸3−(4−ニトロ−イミダゾール−1−イル−シクロブチルエステル(調製物4、段階2;590mg,1.75mmol)を10% Pd−炭素(500mg)と酢酸エチル(30mL)中で混合した。混合物を50psi H2 のもと室温で6時間反応させた。混合物は、窒素雰囲気に維持した、炎で乾燥させたフラスコ内にセライトを介して濾過した。Et3 N(1.22mL,8.75mmol)、続いて1−ナフチル酢酸(326mg,1.75mmol)及びトリプロピルホスホン酸無水物(1.1mL,1.7M溶液/酢酸エチル、1.75mmol)を加えた。混合物を室温で1時間撹拌し、そして次に酢酸エチルで希釈し、そして水及び塩溶液で洗浄した。有機相を脱水し、濾過し、そして真空で濃縮した。生じた残査をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(50:1 クロロホルム−メタノール)で精製し、それにより600mg(72%の収率)のトランス−トルエン−4−スルホン酸−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチルエステルが生じた;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3 )δ7.9(m,2H),7.85(m,2H),7.76(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.48(m,2H),7.42(m,2H),7.33(m,2H),7.04(s,1H),4.96(m,1H),4.73(m,1H),2.7(m,4H),2.44(s,3H);MS(AP/Cl):476.2(M+H)+.
【0155】
段階4
トランス−トルエン−4−スルホン酸3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチルエステル(調製物4、段階3;593mg,1.25mmol)をアジ化ナトリウム(813mg,12.5mmol)とエタノール(15mL)、水(5mL)、及びクロロホルム(5mL)中で混合した。混合物を還流状態で撹拌しながら96時間加熱した。溶媒を真空で除去し、そして残査を水で希釈し、そして塩化メチレンで抽出した。有機相を脱水(MgSO4 )し、濾過し、そして真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(50:1 クロロホルム−メタノール)による精製は340mg(79%の収率)のN−〔1−(シス−3−アジド−シクロブチル)1H−イミダゾール−4−イル〕−2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセトアミドを生成させた;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3 )δ8.41(s,1H),7.98(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),7.87(m,1H),7.82(m,1H),7.5(m,2H),7.45(m,3H),7.08(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),4.2(m,3H),3.75(m,1H),2.85(m,2H),2.35(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):347.2(M+H)+.
【0156】
例6
N−〔1−(シス−3−アミノ−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル〕−2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセトアミド
N−〔1−(シス−3−アミノ−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル〕−2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセトアミド(調製物4、段階4;330mg,0.95mmol)をトリフェニルホスフィン(301mg,1.15mmol)/テトラヒドロフラン(10mL)及び水(1mL)と23℃で処理した。溶液を室温で18時間撹拌した。溶媒を真空で除去し、そして生じた残査をシリカゲルのクロマトグラフィー(20:1:0.5 クロロホルム−メタノール−水酸化アンモニウム)によって精製し、それにより289mg(95%の収率)のN−〔1−(シス−3−アミノ−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル〕−2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセトアミドが生じた;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ8.05(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.45(m,5H),7.35(s,1H),4.26(m,1H),4.16(s,2H),3.29(m,2H),3.16(m,1H),2.75(m,2H),2.1(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):321.3(M+H)+.
【0157】
例7a
6−メチル−ピリジン−2−カルボン酸{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}アミド
6−メチルピコリン酸(9.4mg,0.07mmol)/塩化メチレン溶液を1−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−3−エチルカルボジイミド塩酸塩(84mg)及びDMAP(2mg)で23℃で処理した。10分間の撹拌の後、N−〔1−(シス−3−アミノ−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル〕−2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセトアミド(例6、20mg,0.06mmol)を加えた。生じた混合物を続いて3時間撹拌した。水を加え、そして溶液を水酸化ナトリウム溶液で中性にし、そして酢酸エチルで抽出した。有機相を脱水し(MgSO4 )、濾過し、そして真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(20:1 CHCl3 −MeOH)による精製は、26mg(95%の収率)の6−メチル−ピリジン−2−カルボン酸{3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミドを与えた;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3 )δ9.15(s,1H),8.28(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),8.01(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.97(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.81(dd,J=2.4,6.6Hz,1H),7.72(m,1H),7.5(m,5H),7.2(m,1H),7.16(s,1H),4.45(m,1H),4.25(m,1H),4.18(s,2H),2.98(m,2H),2.60(s,3H),2.40(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):440.3(M+H)+.
【0158】
例7b
1H−イミダゾール−4−カルボン酸{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド
表題の化合物は例7aと同様に調製した;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ8.06(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.87(m,1H),7.80(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.7(s,1H),7.64(s,1H),7.5(m,6H),4.44(m,1H),4.32(m,1H),4.18(s,2H),2.9(m,2H),2.45(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):415.3(M+H)+.
【0159】
例7c
表題の化合物は例7aと同様に調製した;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ8.02(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.84(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.65(s,1H),7.60(m,1H),7.45(m,6H),7.14(brs,1H),6.71(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),4.4(m,1H),4.32(m,1H),4.17(s,2H),2.93(m,2H),2.5(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):442.3(M+H)+.
【0160】
例7d
3−メチル−ピリジン−2−カルボン酸{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}アミド
表題の化合物は例7aと同様に調製した;1H NMR(CD3 OD,400MHz)δ8.39(d,J=4.2Hz,1H),8.06(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.69(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.5(m,7H),4.5(m,1H),4.3(m,1H),4.17(s,2H),2.92(m,2H),2.54(s,3H),2.46(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):440.3(M+H)+.
【0161】
例7e
2−ピリジン−3−イル−チアゾール−4−カルボン酸{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}アミド
表題の化合物は例7aと同様に調製した;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ9.21(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),8.61(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),8.41(dd,J=1.7,7.9Hz,1H),8.26(s,1H),8.06(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.5(m,7H),4.44(m,2H),4.17(s,2H),2.9(m,2H),2.6(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):509.3(M+H)+.
【0162】
例7f
6−{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチルカルバモイル}−ニコチン酸メチルエステル
表題の化合物は例7aと同様に調製した;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD/CDCl3 )δ9.15(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),9.12(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.45(dd,J=2.0,8.4Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.85(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.48(m,6H),4.45(m,2H),3.96(s,3H),2.94(m,2H),2.58(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):484.3(M+H)+.
【0163】
例7g
ピラジン−2−カルボン酸{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド
表題の化合物は例7aと同様に調製した;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ9.23(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),9.03(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.73(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.63(d,J=1.6,2.4Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.85(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.49(m,6H),4.44(m,2H),4.16(s,2H),2.95(m,2H),2.56(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):427.3(M+H)+.
【0164】
例7h
N−{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−ベンズアミド
表題の化合物は例7aと同様に調製した;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ8.05(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.99(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.80(J=7.1Hz,2H),7.45(m,8H),4.47(m,1H),4.37(m,1H),4.17(s,2H),2.90(m,2H),2.47(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):425.0(M+H)+.
【0165】
例7i
5−メチル−ピラジン−2−カルボン酸{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド
表題の化合物は例7aと同様に調製した;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ9.07(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.5(d,J=0.8Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.85(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.45(m,6H),4.40(m,2H),4.16(s,2H),2.93(m,2H),2.61(s,3H),2.54(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):441.3(M+H)+.
【0166】
例7j
N−{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−イソブチルアミド
表題の化合物は例7aと同様に調製した;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ8.01(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.84(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.45(m,6H),4.35(m,1H),4.15(s,2H),4.11(m,2H),2.84(m,2H),2.35(m,1H),2.28(m,2H),1.06(d,J=6.6Hz,6H);MS(AP/Cl):391.1(M+H)+.
【0167】
例7k
6−クロロ−ピリジン−2−カルボン酸{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド
表題の化合物は例7aと同様に調製した;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ8.07(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.03(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.94(m,1H),7.87(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.81(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.61(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.58(s,1H),7.5(m,5H),4.45(m,1H),4.39(m,1H),4.18(s,2H),2.89(m,2H),2.63(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):460.2,462.2(M+H)+.
【0168】
例8
N−〔1−(シス−3−アミノ−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル〕−2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセトアミド(例6)の種々のカルボン酸によるアシル化及びそれに続く精製は、以下の手順に従い実施した:1ドラムのスクリューキャップバイアル中のカルボン酸(RCO2 H、1等量、0.075mmol)に対し、N−〔1−(シス−3−アミノ−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル〕−2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセトアミド(0.33等量、8mg,0.025mmol)/塩化メチレン(1mL)溶液を加えた。次に、PS−カルボジイミド(Argonant Technologies 、0.5等量、39mg,0.038mmol、1mmol/g)を加えた。混合物を23℃で24時間振とうした。注意:前記酸が塩化メチレンに不溶性の場合、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(0.5mL)が添加された。各反応混合物は塩化メチレン(0.5mL)と一緒に、溶媒を回収するために、風袋重量が2ドラムのバイアルを有する3mLのSPEカートリッジ(20ミクロンのフリット(frit))に移された。溶媒はフリットを介して押し進め、そしてポリマーをTHF(0.5mL)、塩化メチレン(0.5mL)、THF(0.5mL)、そして塩化メチレン(0.5mL)で洗浄した。溶液を窒素気流のもとで濃縮し、そして粗製産物をLCMS(カラム:3.9×150mm Waters Symmetry C18、5μM;フロー=1.0ml/分;溶媒系:A=0.1%水性TFA;B=アセトニトリル;10分に及ぶ10〜100%の直線勾配)で解析した。所望の親イオン(M+H)が観察された場合、粗製反応混合物は、インライン質量分析計によって決定した適当な画分を用いて、分取HPLC(カラム:30×150mm Waters Symmetry C18 5μM;フロー=20mL/分;溶媒系:A=01%水性TFA;B=アセトニトリル;15分に及ぶ0〜100%の直線勾配)によって精製した。クロマトグラフィーにかけた化合物の純度は、検出のためにUV:254nM及びダイオードアレーを用いて分析用HPLC(カラム:2.1×150mm Waters Symmetry C18 5μM;フロー:0.5mL/分;溶媒系:A=0.1%水性TFA;B=アセトニトリル;10分に及ぶ0〜100%の直線勾配)によって決定した。
【0169】
以下の化合物は上述の方法により調製した。それらの質量分析データ及びクロマトグラフィーの保持時間を表に列記する:
例8a:キノリン−2−カルボン酸{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド例8b:1H−ピロール−2−カルボン酸{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド
例8c:N−{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−2−m−トリル−アセトアミド
例8d:ピリジン−2−カルボン酸{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレート−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド
例8e:2−(3−ヒドロキシ−フェニル)−N−{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アセトアミド
【表3】
【0170】
調製物5
4−{3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチルカルバモイル}−ピペリジン−1−カルボン酸9H−フルオレン−9−イルメチルエステル
段階1
4−ピペリジンカルボン酸(129mg,1mmol)を水酸化ナトリウム(80mg,2mmol)により水/ジオキサン(1:1,10mL)中で処理した。室温で30分撹拌した後、9−フルオレニルメチルクロロホルメート(259mg,1mmol)/ジオキサン(2mL)を一滴ずつ加え、そして反応溶液を4時間撹拌した。溶媒を真空で除去し、そして水で希釈した。pHをHCl(1N)で1に調整し、そして水溶液を酢酸エチルで抽出した。有機相を脱水し(MgSO4 )、濾過し、そして真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(50:1:0.5 クロロホルム−メタノール−酢酸)による精製は、340mg(97%の収率)のN−1−(フルオレニルメチルオキシカルボニル)−4−ピペリジニルカルボン酸を生じた;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3 )d7.75(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.55(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.39(m,2H),7.30(m,2H),4.4(brs,2H),4.23(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),3.9(brd,2H),2.9(brs,2H),2.52(m,1H),1.90(brs,2H),1.62(brs,2H);MS(AP/Cl):352.0(M+H)+.
【0171】
段階2
N−1−(フルオレニルメチルオキシカルボニル)−4−ピペリジニルカルボン酸(調製物5、段階1;77mg)/塩化メチレン溶液を、1−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−3−エチルカルボジイミド塩酸塩(84mg)及びDMAP(5mg)で処理した。30分間撹拌した後、N−〔1−(シス−3−アミノ−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル〕−2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセトアミド(例6)を加えた。生じた混合物を続いて4時間撹拌した。水を加え、溶液を中性にし、そして酢酸エチルで抽出した。有機相を脱水し(MgSO4 )、濾過し、そして真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(20:1 クロロホルム−メタノール)による精製は、101mg(77%の収率)の4−{3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチルカルバモイル}−ピペリジン−1−カルボン酸9H−フルオレン−9イルメチルエステルをもたらした;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ8.0(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.83(m,1H),7.78(dd,J=2.07,7.5Hz,1H),7.73(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.53(d,J=6.6Hz,2H),7.44(m,5H),7.35(m,3H),7.27(m,2H),4.4(brs,2H),4.2(m,1H),4.15(m,5H),2.85(m,4H),2.25(m,3H),1.7(brs,2H),1.5(brs,2H);MS(AP/Cl):654.8(M+H)+.
【0172】
例9
ピペリジン−4−カルボン酸{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド塩酸塩
4−{3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチルカルバモイル}−ピペリジン−1−カルボン酸9H−フルオレン−9−イルメチルエステル(調製物5、100mg,0.15mmol)/DMF(5mL)をピペリジン(0.5mL)で処理し、そして室温で2時間撹拌した。溶媒を真空で除去し、そして残査をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(4:1:0.08 クロロホルム−メタノール−水酸化アンモニウム)で精製し、遊離塩基を生成した。遊離塩基をジエチルエーテルで処理し、そして1N HCl/メタノールで処理してHCl塩(64mg,91%の収率)の、ピペリジン−4−カルボン酸{シス−3−〔4−(2−ナフタレン−1−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミン塩酸塩を生成した;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ8.01(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.84(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.43(m,4H),7.36(s,2H),4.34(m,1H),4.15(s,2H),4.10(m,1H),3.03(m,2H),2.83(m,2H),2.54(m,2H),2.24(m,3H),1.69(m,2H),1.55(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):432(M+H)+.
【0173】
調製物6
イソキノリン−5−イル−酢酸
段階1
5−アミノイソキノリン(5.0g,34.7mmol)を48%水性HBr(65mL)と一緒に、−78℃で15分間混合した。硝酸ナトリウム(3.1g,45mmol)/水(6mL)を続いて一滴ずつ加えた。−78℃で15分間撹拌した後、混合物を0℃にあたためた。銅の粉末(0.3g)を非常にゆっくりと加え、過剰な形成を回避した。添加が完了した後、反応容器を還流冷却器に固定し、そして混合物を100℃に4時間加熱した。混合物を氷(約200mg)の上に注ぎ、そしてKOHで塩基性(pH=10)にした。水性混合物を酢酸エチルで抽出し、一緒にした有機相を塩溶液で洗浄し、そして脱水し(MgSO4 )、濾過し、そして真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(10:1 ヘキサン−酢酸エチル)による精製は、3.8g(53%の収率)の5−ブロモイソキノリンを生成した;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ9.25(s,1H),8.57(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),8.1(m,3H),7.60(m,1H);MS(AP/Cl):208.0,210.0(M+H)+.
【0174】
段階2
5−ブロモイソキノリン(調製物6、段階1、1.04g,5.0mmol)を窒素雰囲気のもと、アリルトリブチルチン(1.7mL,5.5mmol)及びジクロロペラジウムビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)(176mg,0.25mmol)と一緒にトルエン(20mL)中で混合した。室温に冷却した後、フッ化カリウムの飽和水溶液(20mL)を撹拌しながら加え、その結果沈澱が形成する。15分の撹拌の後、混合物を濾過し、そして有機相を水相から分離し、真空で濃縮し、そしてシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(6:1 ヘキサン−酢酸エチル)によって生成し、それにより178mg(92%の収率)の5−アリルイソキノリンが得られた;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3 )δ9.25(s,1H),8.54(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),7.85(m,1H),7.79(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),7.56(m,2H),6.1(m,1H),5.15(m,1H),5.05(m,1H),3.81(d,J=6.2Hz,2H);MS(AP/Cl):170.1(M+H)+.
【0175】
段階3
5−アリルイソキノリン(調製物6、段階2;169mg,1.0mmol)/塩化メチレン(2mL)、酢酸(0.5mL)、及び水(0.5mL)を23℃でジメチルポリエチレングリコール(数平均分子量約500,95μL,100mg,0.2mmol)/塩化メチレン(1mL)で処理した。混合物を0℃に冷却し、そして粉末状のKMnO4 (521mg,3.3mmol)を、30℃未満に温度を維持しながら少しずつ加えた。18時間激しく撹拌した後、溶媒を真空で除去し、そしてメタノール性の塩化水素(10mL,1N)を加え、そして混合物を4時間還流した。メタノールを真空で除去し、残査を水で希釈し、そして混合物をNa2 CO3 で塩基性にした(pH=9)。混合物を酢酸エチルで抽出し、生じた有機相を塩溶液で洗浄し、脱水(MgSO4 )、濾過し、真空で濃縮し、そしてシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(2:1 ヘキサン−酢酸エチル)によって精製してイソキノリン−5−イル−酢酸を生成した;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3 )δ9.28(brs,1H),8.58(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),7.66(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),7.59(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.06(s,2H),3.70(s,3H);MS(AP/Cl):202.1(M+H)+.
注意:5−イソキノリルカルボキシアルデヒドの不純物がシリカゲルクロマトグラフィーの後に存在していた(約20%)。
【0176】
段階4
イソキノリン−5−イル−酢酸メチルエステル(調製物6、段階3;90mg,0.448mmol)を水酸化ナトリウム溶液(4N,3mL)で処理し、そして溶液を50℃で4時間加熱した。溶液を0℃に冷却し、そして酢酸(2mL)を一滴ずつ加え、これにより沈澱が形成した。混合物を0℃で一晩維持し(約15時間)、そして沈澱を濾過により除去し、そして水で洗浄した。固体を風乾して35mg(49%の収率)のイソキノリン−5−イル−酢酸を生成させた;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ9.24(s,1H),8.47(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),8.04(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),7.66(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.11(s,2H);MS(AP/Cl):188.3(M+H)+.
【0177】
調製物7
N−〔シス−3−(4−ニトロ−イミダゾール−1H−イル)シクロブチルアセトアミド
段階1
トランス−トルエン−4−スルホン酸3−(4−ニトロ−イミダゾール−1−イル)−シクロブチルエステル(調製物1、段階2;3.6g,10.7mmol)をアジ化ナトリウム(7g,107mmol)と一緒にエタノール(100mL)、水(35mL)、及びクロロホルム(20mL)中で混合した。混合物を24時間還流状態で加熱した。エタノール及びクロロホルムを真空で除去し、そして生じた混合物を水で希釈し、そして酢酸エチルで抽出した。有機相を塩溶液で洗浄し、脱水し(MgSO4 )、濾過し、そして真空で濃縮した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(1:1〜3:1 酢酸エチル−ヘキサン)による精製は2.2g(99%)の1−(3−シス−アジド−シクロブチル)−4−ニトロ−1H−イミダゾールをもたらした;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3 )δ7.85(s,1H),7.49(s,1H),4.42(m,1H),3.91(m,1H),3.07(m,2H),2.43(m,1H);MS(AP/Cl):208.5(M+H)+.
【0178】
段階2
1−(3−シス−アジド−シクロブチル)−4−ニトロ−1H−イミダゾール(調製物7、段階1;2.2g,10.7mmol)/THF(100mL)をトリフェニルホスフィン(3.36g,12.8mmol)及び水(10mL)で処理した。溶液を真空で除去し、そして残査をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(20:1:0.4 クロロホルム−メタノール−水酸化アンモニウム)によって精製し、19.5g(100%の収率)の1−(3−シス−アミノ−シクロブチル)−4−ニトロ−1H−イミダゾールを生成せしめた;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ8.32(s,1H),7.81(s,1H),4.46(m,1H),3.29(m,1H),2.87(m,2H),2.17(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):183.1(M+H)+.
【0179】
段階3
1−(3−シス−アミノ−シクロブチル)−4−ニトロ−1H−イミダゾール(調製物7、段階2;500mg,2.75mmol)を酢酸とカップリングさせ、そして例7の様に精製して594mg(96%の収率)のN−〔シス−3−(4−ニトロ−イミダゾール−1H−イル)シクロブチル〕アセトアミドを生成せしめた;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ8.30(s,1H),7.82(s,1H),4.58(m,1H),4.17(m,1H),2.95(m,2H),2.39(m,2H),1.93(s,3H);MS(AP/Cl):225.1(M+H)+.
【0180】
調製物8
N−〔シス−3−(4−ニトロ−イミダゾール−1−イル)シクロブチル〕−ベンズアミド
N−〔シス−3−(4−ニトロ−イミダゾール−1−イル)シクロブチル〕−ベンズアミドを調製物7の産物と同様に調製した;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ8.36(s,1H),7.85(m,3H),7.55(m,1H),7.47(m,2H),4.65(m,1H),4.44(m,1H),3.05(m,2H),2.60(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):287.3(M+H)+.
【0181】
調製物9
ピリジン−2−カルボン酸〔シス−3−(4−ニトロ−イミダゾール−1−イル)シクロブチル〕−アミド
ピリジン−2−カルボン酸〔シス−3−(4−ニトロ−イミダゾール−1−イル)シクロブチル〕−アミドを調製物7の産物と同様に調製した;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3 )δ8.55(m,1H),8.35(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),8.19(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.01(s,1H),7.88(td,J=1.65,7.92Hz,1H),7.57(s,1H),7.47(m,1H),4.5(m,2H),3.17(m,2H),2.72(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):288.1(M+H)+.
【0182】
例9a
N−〔1−(シス−3−アセチルアミノ−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル〕−2−ナフタレン−2−イル−アセトアミド
N−〔シス−3−(4−ニトロ−イミダゾール−1H−イル)シクロブチル〕アセトアミド(調製物7;50mg,0.22mmol)を例1の様に水素化し、そして2−ナフチル酢酸でアシル化し、それにより35mg(44%の収率)のN−〔1−(シス−3−アセチルアミノ−シクロブチル)−1H−イミダゾール−4−イル〕−2−ナフタレン−2−イル−アセトアミドを生成せしめた;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ8.05(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.81(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),7.46(m,5H),7.37(s,1H),4.41(m,1H),4.17(s,2H),4.12(m,1H),2.84(m,2H),2.27(m,2H),1.89(s,3H);MS(AP/Cl):363.3(M+H)+.
【0183】
例9b
N−{シス−3−〔4−(2−イソキノリン−5−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−ベンズアミド
表題の化合物は、調製物8及びイソキノリン−5−イル酢酸(調製物6)を用いて例9aと同様に調製した;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ9.24(s,1H),8.45(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),8.05(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.02(J=6.2Hz,1H),7.82(m,3H),7.67(m,1H),7.52(m,2H),7.45(m,3H),4.5(m,1H),4.4(m,1H),4.21(s,2H),2.95(m,2H),2.50(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):426.3(M+H)+.
【0184】
例9c
ピリジン−2−カルボン酸{シス−3−〔4−(2−イソキノリン−5−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミド
表題の化合物は、調製物9及びイソキノリン−5−イル酢酸(調製物6)を用いて例9aと同様に調製した;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ9.23(s,1H),8.60(m,1H),8.44(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),8.03(m,3H),7.92(dt,J=1.7,7.5Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.66(m,1H),7.58(s,1H),7.5(m,1H),7.46(s,1H),4.45(m,1H),4.40(m,1H),4.20(s,2H),2.85(m,2H),2.6(m,2H);MS(AP/Cl):427.2(M+H)+.
【0185】
例10
N−{シス−3−〔4−(3−ナフタレン−1−イル)−ウレイド−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アセトアミド
N−〔シス−3−(4−ニトロ−イミダゾール−1H−イル)シクロブチル〕アセトアミド(調製物7、50mg,0.22mmol)を例4に記載の通りクロロギ酸フェニルを反応させた。これにより、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(20:1:2 クロロホルム−メタノール−水酸化アンモニウム)後に1:1 DMF/ジオキサン(500μL)に溶解された分離不可能なモノ−及びビス−フェニルカルバミン酸塩産物の混合物が生成した。1−ナフチルアミン(31mg,0.22mmol)を添加し、そして混合物を70℃で16時間加熱した。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(20:1:0.02 クロロホルム−メタノール−水酸化アンモニウム)による2回の精製は、4.4mg(5%の収率)のN−{シス−3−〔4−(3−ナフタレン−1−イル−ウレイド)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アセトアミドをもたらした;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3 OD)δ8.06(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.97(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.66(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.51(m,4H),7.16(s,1H),4.46(m,1H),4.15(m,1H),2.89(m,2H),2.33(m,2H),1.92(s,3H);MS(AP/Cl):364.0(M+H)+.[0001]
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to imidazole derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such derivatives, and methods of using such derivatives to treat abnormal cell proliferation and certain diseases and conditions of the central nervous system. The compounds of the invention act as inhibitors of the cyclin dependent protein kinase enzymes cdk5 (cyclin dependent protein kinase 5) and cdk2 (cyclin dependent protein kinase 2). The compounds of the present invention are also inhibitors of the enzyme GSK-3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3) enzyme.
[0002]
Background of the invention
The serine / threonine kinase cdk5 is associated with neurodegenerative disorders along with its cofactor p25 (or longer cofactor, p35) and hence inhibitors of cdk5 / p25 (or cdk5 / p35) are neurodegenerative Useful in the treatment of disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, Huntington's chorea. The treatment of such neurodegenerative disorders with cdk5 inhibitors is supported by the discovery that cdk5 is involved in tau protein phosphorylation (J. Biochem, 117, 741-749 (1995)). cdk5 also suggests that the 75th phosphorylates threonine dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphorprotein (DARPP-32) and thus has a role in dopaminergic neurotransmission. (Nature, 402, 669-671 (1999)).
[0003]
The serine / threonine kinase cdk2 is essential for the normal cell cycle and plays a critical role in disorders resulting from the abnormal cell cycle, a common feature of many oncological disorders. Inhibitors of cdk2 are therefore useful in the treatment of various types of cancer and other diseases or conditions associated with abnormal cell proliferation
[Table 1]
[0004]
GSK-3 is a serine / threonine protein kinase. It is one of several protein kinases that phosphorylate glycogen synthase (Embi, et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 107: 519-527 (1980); Hemmings et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 119: 443-451 (1982)). GSK-3 exists in two isoforms, α and β, which have been reported in vertebrates to have monomeric structures of 49 kD and 47 kD, respectively. Both isoforms phosphorylate muscle glycogen synthase (Cross, et al., Biochemical Journal 303: 21-26 (1994)). Amino acid identity between species homologs of GSK-3 has been suggested to be greater than 98% within the catalytic domain (Plyte, et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1114: 147-162 (1992) ). Due to the remarkably high degree of conversion over the phylogenetic range, a fundamental role for GSK-3 in cellular processes has been suggested.
[0005]
GSK-3 is associated with many different medical conditions and symptoms. For example, Chen, et al, Diabetes 43: 1234-1241 (1994) suggests that increased GSK-3 activity may be important in type 2 diabetes. Increased GSk-3 expression in diabetic muscle is also thought to contribute to impaired glycogen synthase activity and skeletal muscle insulin resistance present in type 2 diabetes (Nikoulina, et al., Diabetes 49: 263-271 (2000)). It was also suggested that the higher activity of type 1 protein phosphatase measured in immobile spermatozoa contributed to higher GSK-3 activity and was more important in maintaining sperm movement at rest. (Vijayaraghaven, et al. Biology of Reproduction 54: 709-718 (1996)). Vijayaraghaven et al. Suggest that such results suggest a biochemical basis for the development and control of sperm motility and a possible physiological role for the protein phosphatase 1 / inhibitor 2 / GSK-3 system. Pointed out. GSK-3 activity is also associated with Alzheimer's disease and mood disorders such as manic depression (WO 97/41854). Among other symptoms, GSK-3 is involved in alopecia, schizophrenia, and neurodegeneration, which are chronic neurodegenerative diseases (eg, Alzheimer's disease as described above) and neurotrauma such as stroke, traumatic Includes brain injury and spinal cord injury.
[0006]
Summary of the invention
The present invention is a formula
[Chemical 2]
(Where R1 Is linear or branched (C1 -C8 ) Alkyl, linear or branched (C2 -C8 ) Alkenyl, straight chain or branched (C2 -C8 ) Alkynyl, (CThree -C8 ) Cycloalkyl, (CFour -C8 ) Cycloalkenyl, (3-8 membered) heterocycloalkyl, (CFive -C11) Bicycloalkyl, (C7 -C11) Bicycloalkenyl, (5-11 membered) heterobicycloalkyl, (C6 -C14) Aryl, or (5-14 membered) heteroaryl; and in which R1 Is optionally F, Cl, Br, I, nitro, cyano, -CFThree , -NR7 R8 , -NR7 C (= O) R8 , -NR7 C (= O) OR8 , -NR7 C (= O) NR8 R9 , -NR7 S (= O)2 R8 , -NR7 S (= O)2 NR8 R9 , -OR7 , -OC (= O) R7 , -OC (= O) OR7 , -C (= O) OR7 , -C (= O) R7 , -C (= O) NR7 R8 , -OC (= O) NR7 R8 , -OC (= O) SR7 , -SR7 , -S (= O) R7 , -S (= O)2 R7 , -S (= O)2 NR7 R8 , -O-S (= O)2 R7 , -NThree And R7 1 to 6 substituents R independently selected fromFive Replaced by;
R2 Is H, F, CHThree , CN, or C (= O) OR7 Is;
RThree Is -C (= O) NR9 -, -C (= O) O-, -C (= O) (CRTenR11)n -Or-(CRTenR11)n -Is;
RFour Is linear or branched (C1 -C8 ) Alkyl, linear or branched (C2 -C8 ) Alkenyl, straight chain or branched (C2 -C8 Alkynyl), (CThree -C8 ) Cycloalkyl, (CFour -C8 ) Cycloalkenyl, (3-8 membered) heterocycloalkyl, (CFive -C11) Bicycloalkyl, (C7 -C11) Bicycloalkenyl, (5-11 membered) heterobicycloalkyl, (C6 -C14) Aryl, or (5-14 membered) heteroaryl; and in which RFour Is optionally F, Cl, Br, I, nitro, cyano, -CFThree , -NR7 R8 , -NR7 C (= O) R8 , -NR7 C (= O) OR8 , -NR7 C (= O) NR8 R9 , -NR7 S (= O)2 R8 , -NR7 S (= O)2 NR8 R9 , -OR7 , -OC (= O) R7 , -OC (= O) OR7 , -C (= O) OR7 , -C (= O) R7 , -C (= O) NR7 R8 , -OC (= O) NR7 R8 , -OC (= O) SR7 , -SR7 , -S (= O) R7 , -S (= O)2 R7 , -S (= O)2 NR7 R8 Or R7 1 to 3 substituents R independently selected from6 Is replaced by;
R7 , R8 And R9 Are each independently H, linear or branched (C1 -C8 ) Alkyl, linear or branched (C2 -C8 ) Alkenyl, straight chain or branched (C2 -C8 ) Alkynyl, (CThree -C8 ) Cycloalkyl, (CFour -C8 ) Cycloalkenyl, (3-8 membered) heterocycloalkyl, (CFive -C11) Bicycloalkyl, (C7 -C11) Bicycloalkenyl, (5-11 membered) heterobicycloalkyl, (C6 -C14) Aryl, and (5-14 membered) heteroaryl, in which R7 , R8 And R9 Is F, Cl, Br, I, -NO2 , -CN, -CFThree , -NRTenR11, -NRTenC (= O) R11, -NRTenC (= O) OR11, -NRTenC (= O) NR11R12, -NRTenS (= O)2 R11, -NRTenS (= O)2 NR11R12, -ORTen, OC (= O) RTen, -OC (= O) ORTen, -OC (= O) NRTenR11, -OC (= O) SRTen, -SRTen, -S (= O) RTen, -S (= O)2 RTen, -S (= O)2 NRTenR11, -C (= O) RTen, -C (= O) ORTen, -C (= O) NRTenR11And RTenEach optionally substituted with 1 to 6 substituents independently selected from
Or R7 And R8 Is NR7 R8 In the case of, they are optionally instead NR to which they are attached.7 R8 A heterocycloalkyl moiety of 3 to 7 membered ring, optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S. May combine to form;
RTen, R11And R12Are each independently H, linear or branched (C1 -C8 ) Alkyl, linear or branched (C2 -C8 ) Alkenyl, straight chain or branched (C2 -C8 ) Alkynyl, (CThree -C8 ) Cycloalkyl, (CFour -C8 ) Cycloalkenyl, (3-8 membered) heterocycloalkyl, (CFive -C11) Bicycloalkyl, (C7 -C11) Bicycloalkenyl, (5-11 membered) heterobicycloalkyl, (C6 -C14) Aryl, and (5-14 membered) heteroaryl, wherein RTen, R11And R12Are F, Cl, Br, I, and -NO, respectively.2 , -CN, -CFThree , -NR13R14, -NR13C (= O) R14, -NR13C (= O) OR14, -NR13C (= O) NR14R15, -NR13S (= O)2 R14, -NR13S (= O)2 NR14R15, -OR13, -OC (= O) R13, -OC (= O) OR13, -OC (= O) NR13R14, -OC (= O) SR13, -SR13, -S (= O) R13, -S (= O)2 R13, -S (= O)2 NR13R14, -C (= O) R13, -C (= O) OR13, -C (= O) NR13R14And R13Independently substituted with 1 to 6 substituents independently selected from
R13, R14And R15Are each independently H, linear or branched (C1 -C8 ) Alkyl, linear or branched (C2 -C8 ) Alkenyl, straight chain or branched (C2 -C8 ) Alkynyl, (CThree -C8 ) Cycloalkyl, (CFour -C8 ) Cycloalkenyl, (3-8 membered) heterocycloalkyl, (CFive -C11) Bicycloalkyl, (C7 -C11) Bicycloalkenyl, (5-11 membered) heterobicycloalkyl, (C6 -C14) Aryl, and (5-14 membered) heteroaryl, wherein R13, R14And R15Are independently F, Cl, Br, I, NO.2 , -CN, -CFThree , -NR16R17, -NR16C (= O) R17, -NR16C (= O) OR17, -NR16C (= O) NR17R18, -NR16S (= O)2 R17, -NR16S (= O)2 NR17R18, -OR16, -OC (= O) R16, -OC (= O) OR16, -OC (= O) NR16R17, -OC (= O) SR16, -SR16, -S (= O) R16, -S (= O)2 R16, -S (= O)2 NR16R17, -C (= O) R16, -C (= O) OR16, -C (= O) NR16R17And R16Optionally substituted with 1 to 6 substituents independently selected from
R16, R17And R18Are each independently H, linear or branched (C1 -C8 ) Alkyl, linear or branched (C2 -C8 ) Alkenyl, straight chain or branched (C2 -C8 Alkynyl), (CThree -C8 ) Cycloalkyl, (CFour -C8 ) Cycloalkenyl, (3-8 membered) heterocycloalkyl, (CFive -C11) Bicycloalkyl, (C7 -C11) Bicycloalkenyl, (5-11 membered) heterobicycloalkyl, (C6 -C14) Aryl, and (5-14 membered) heteroaryl;
n is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
Where -C (= O) (CRTenR11)n -And-(CRTenR11)n -RTenAnd R11Each of which is an independently defined repetition of n as listed above) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
[0007]
The compounds of formula 1 of the present invention are inhibitors of serine / threonine kinases, especially cyclin dependent kinases such as cdk5 and cdk2, and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and other CNS disorders, as well as abnormal cell proliferation such as cancer. Useful for. The compounds of formula 1 are particularly useful for inhibiting cdk5. The compounds of formula 1 are also useful as inhibitors of GSK-3.
[0008]
The term “alkyl”, as used herein, unless otherwise specified, includes saturated monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having straight or branched moieties. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, and t-butyl.
[0009]
The term “alkenyl”, as used herein, unless otherwise stated, includes an alkyl moiety as defined above having at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Examples of alkenyl include, but are not limited to, ethenyl and propenyl.
[0010]
The term “alkynyl”, as used herein, unless otherwise stated, includes an alkyl moiety as defined above having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. Examples of alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to ethynyl and 2-propynyl.
[0011]
The term “cycloalkyl”, as used herein, unless otherwise stated, includes saturated aromatic alkyl that is not aromatic, where alkyl is as defined above. Examples of cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl. A “bicycloalkyl” group is a saturated carbocyclic group consisting of two rings sharing one or two carbon atoms, which is not an aromatic ring. For the purposes of the present invention and unless otherwise specified, bicycloalkyl groups include spiro groups and fused ring groups. Examples of bicycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, bicyclo- [3.1.0] -hexyl, norbornyl, spiro [4.5] decyl, spiro [4.4] nonyl, spiro [4.3] octyl, and spiro [4.2] heptyl. “Cycloalkenyl” and “bicycloalkenyl” refer to non-aromatic, carbocyclic cycloalkyl and bicycloalkyl moieties as defined above, provided that 1 connects the carbocyclic members. Or a plurality of carbon-carbon double bonds (“intra-ring” double bonds) and / or carbon-carbon double bonds (“extra-ring” double bonds) that connect carbon other than the ring adjacent to the carbon ring member. Comprising. Examples of cycloalkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopentenyl and cyclobutenyl, and a non-limiting example of a bicycloalkenyl group is norbornenyl. Cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, bicycloalkyl, and bicycloalkenyl groups also include groups that are substituted with one or more oxo moieties. Examples of such groups having an oxo moiety are oxocyclopentyl, oxocyclobutyl, oxocyclopentenyl, and norcamphoryl.
[0012]
The term “aryl”, as used herein, unless otherwise stated, includes organic radicals derived from aromatic hydrocarbons by removal of one hydrogen, such as phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, and fluorenyl.
[0013]
The terms “heterocycle”, “heterocycloalkyl” and the like as used herein are any one selected from one or more heteroatoms, preferably 1 to 4, O, S and N Non-aromatic ring groups containing the heteroatoms of A “heterobicycloalkyl” group is a ring group with two non-aromatic rings, wherein the rings share one or two atoms and at least one of the rings is a heteroatom (O, S and N) Is included. For the purposes of the present invention and unless otherwise specified, heterobicycloalkyl groups include spiro groups and fused ring groups. In one embodiment, each ring of heterobicycloalkyl contains up to 4 heteroatoms (ie 0 to 4 heteroatoms, provided that at least one ring contains at least one heteroatom). The heterocyclic groups of this invention may also include ring systems substituted with one or more oxo moieties. Examples of non-aromatic heterocyclic groups are aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azepinyl, piperazinyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, oxiranyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydro Thiopyranyl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, thioxanyl, pyrrolinyl, indolinyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, pyrazolinyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydrofuranyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, 3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexanyl, 3-azabicyclo [4.1.0] heptanyl, quinolizinyl, quinuclidinyl, 1,4-dioxaspiro [4.5] decyl, 1,4-dioxaspiro [4.4] nonyl, 1,4-dioxaspiro [ 4.3] Corruptible, and 1,4-dioxaspiro [4.2] heptyl.
[0014]
“Heteroaryl” as used herein refers to an aromatic group containing one or more heteroatoms (O, S and N), preferably 1 to 4 heteroatoms. A polycyclic group containing one or more heteroatoms wherein at least one ring of the group is aromatic is a “heteroaryl” group. The heteroaryl groups of this invention may also contain ring systems substituted with one or more oxo moieties. Examples of heteroaryl groups are pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzfuranyl, benzfuranyl, Indazolyl, indolizinyl, phthalazinyl, triazinyl, isoindolyl, purinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furanyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothiophenyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, dihydroquinolyl, tetrahydroquinolyl, Dihydroisoquinolyl, tetrahydroisoquinolyl, ben Furyl, furopyridinyl, pyrolopyrimidinyl, and azaindolyl.
[0015]
Such groups as derived from the compounds listed above may be C-bonded or N-bonded where possible. For example, a group derived from pyrrole may be pyrrol-1-yl (N-bonded) or pyrrol-3-yl (C-bonded). The term referring to the group also encompasses all possible tautomers.
[0016]
In one embodiment, the invention provides a compound of formula 1 wherein RThree Is C (= O) NR9 -Or -C (= O) (CRTenR11)n -). In another embodiment, -C (= O) (CRTenR11)n -RTenAnd R11Are both hydrogen, each repeated n times. In another embodiment, -C (= O) NR.9 -R9 Is hydrogen. In another embodiment, RThree Is -C (= O) NR9 -Or -C (= O) (CRTenR11)n -And R2 Is hydrogen.
[0017]
In another embodiment of the present invention, the compound of formula 1 is R1 Are optionally substituted (CThree -C8 ) Cycloalkyl or optionally substituted (CFive -C11) Are provided which are bicycloalkyl. In a preferred embodiment, R1 Are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, or norbornyl, each as listed above (ie F, Cl, Br, I, nitro, cyano, -CFThree , -NR7 R8 , -NR7 C (= O) R8 , -NR7 C (= O) OR8 , -NR7 C (= O) NR8 R9 , -NR7 S (= O)2 R8 , -NR7 S (= O)2 NR8 R9 , -OR7 , -OC (= O) R7 , -OC (= O) OR7 , -C (= O) OR7 , -C (= O) R7 , -C (= O) NR7 R8 , -OC (= O) NR7 R8 , -OC (= O) SR7 , -SR7 , -S (= O) R7 , -S (= O)2 R7 , -S (= O)2 NR7 R8 And R7 1 to 6 substituents R independently selected fromFive Optionally substituted). In a further preferred embodiment, R1 Is (CThree -C8 ) Cycloalkyl or optionally substituted (CFive -C11) Bicycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, or norbornyl, and F, Cl, Br, I, nitro, cyano, -CFThree , -NR7 R8 , -NR7 C (= O) R8 , -OR7 , -C (= O) OR7 , -C (= O) R7 And R7 Optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from More preferably, R1 Is (CThree -C8 ) Cycloalkyl or optionally substituted (CFive -C11) Bicycloalkyl, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, or norbornyl, and R1 Is -NR7 C (= O) R8 , (C6 -C14) Aryl, (3-8 membered) heterocycloalkyl, or (5-14 membered) heteroaryl, wherein said aryl, heterocycloalkyl, and heteroaryl are F, Cl, Br, I, NO2 , -CN, -CFThree , -NRTenR11, -NRTenC (= O) R11, -NRTenC (= O) OR11, -NRTenC (= O) NR11R12, -NRTenS (= O)2 R11, -NRTenS (= O)2 NR11R12, -ORTen, -OC (= O) RTen, -OC (= O) ORTen, -OC (= O) NRTenR11, -OC (= O) SRTen, -SRTen, -S (= O) RTen, -S (= O)2 RTen, -S (= O)2 NRTenR11, -C (= O) RTen, -C (= O) ORTen, -C (= O) NRTenR11And RTenEach optionally substituted with 1 to 6 substituents independently selected from In another aspect of the invention R1 Is bicyclo [3.1.0] -hexyl and is optionally substituted as listed above (ie F, Cl, Br, I, nitro, cyano, -CFThree , -NR7 R8 , -NR7 C (= O) R8 , -NR7 C (= O) OR8 , -NR7 C (= O) NR8 R9 , -NR7 S (= O)2 R8 , -NR7 S (= O)2 NR8 R9 , -OR7 , -OC (= O) R7 , -OC (= O) OR7 , -C (= O) OR7 , -C (= O) R7 , -C (= O) NR7 R8 , -OC (= O) NR7 R8 , -OC (= O) SR7 , -SR7 , -S (= O) R7 , -S (= O)2 R7 , -S (= O)2 NR7 R8 And R7 Optionally substituted with 1 to 6 substituents independently selected from
[0018]
In another embodiment of the present invention, the compound of formula 1 is R1 Are optionally substituted straight or branched (C1 -C8 ) Alkyl, or optionally substituted linear or branched (C2 -C8 ) That is alkenyl is provided.
[0019]
In another embodiment of the present invention, the compound of formula 1 is R2 Are not hydrogen. In a further aspect, R2 Is hydrogen and R1 Is partially limited in the previous section.
[0020]
In another embodiment, the present invention provides RFour (C6 -C14) Aryl or (5-14 membered) heteroaryl, each optionally substituted, is provided. In a preferred embodiment, RFour Is optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted pyridyl. In another preferred embodiment, RFour Are naphthyl, quinolyl, or isoquinolyl, each optionally substituted. In another embodiment, RFour Is naphthyl, quinolyl, or isoquinolyl and is unsubstituted.
[0021]
In another embodiment, the compound of formula 1 is R2 Is specifically hydrogen and RFour Are provided as limited in part in the previous section.
[0022]
Examples of preferred compounds of formula 1 are:
N- (1-cyclobutyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) -2-quinolin-6-yl-acetamide;
N- (1-cyclopentyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) -2- (4-methoxy-phenyl) -acetamide;
N- [1- (cis-3-phenyl-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] -2-quinolin-6-yl-acetamide;
(1-cyclobutyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) -carbamic acid phenyl ester;
1- (1-cyclobutyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) -3-isoquinolin-5-yl-urea;
N- [1- (cis-3-amino-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] -2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetamide;
6-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide;
1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide;
6-hydroxy-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide;
3-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide;
2-pyridin-3-yl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide;
6- {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutylcarbamoyl} -nicotinic acid methyl ester;
Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide;
N- {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -benzamide;
5-methyl-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide;
N- {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -isobutyramide;
6-chloro-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide;
Quinoline-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide;
1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide;
N- {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -2-m-tolyl-acetamide;
Pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide;
2- (3-hydroxy-phenyl) -N- {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -acetamide;
Piperidine-4-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide hydrochloride;
N- [1- (cis-3-acetylamino-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] -2-naphthalen-2-yl-acetamide;
N- {cis-3- [4- (2-isoquinolin-5-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -benzamide; and
Pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-isoquinolin-5-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide;
As well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds.
[0023]
Examples of other specific compounds of the invention of formula 1 are:
cis-N- (1-bicyclo [3.1.0] hex-3-yl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) -2-quinolin-6-yl-acetamide;
cis-N- {1- [trans-6- (Pyridin-2-carbonyl) -bicyclo [3.1.0] hex-3-yl] -1H-imidazol-4-yl} -2-quinoline-6 Yl-acetamide;
N- {1- [cis-3- (2-methoxy-phenyl) -cyclobutyl] -1H-imidazol-4-yl} -2-quinolin-6-yl-acetamide;
N- {1- [cis-3- (2-fluoro-phenyl) -cyclobutyl] -1H-imidazol-4-yl} -2-quinolin-6-yl-acetamide;
N- {1- [cis-3- (4-methoxy-phenyl) -cyclobutyl] -1H-imidazol-4-yl} -2-quinolin-6-yl-acetamide;
2-quinolin-6-yl-N- [1- (cis-3-p-tolyl-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] -acetamide;
N- {1- [cis-3- (2-ethoxy-phenyl) -cyclobutyl] -1H-imidazol-4-yl} -2-quinolin-6-yl-acetamide;
N- {1- [cis-3- (3-methoxy-phenyl) -cyclobutyl] -1H-imidazol-4-yl} -2-quinolin-6-yl-acetamide; and
A pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound.
[0024]
Other examples of specific compounds of formula 1 are:
N- {1- [3- (2-hydroxy-phenyl) -cyclobutyl] -1H-imidazol-4-yl} -2- (4-methoxy-phenyl) -acetamide;
N- {1- [3- (3-hydroxy-phenyl) -cyclobutyl] -1H-imidazol-4-yl} -2- (4-methoxy-phenyl) -acetamide;
N- {1- [3- (2-amino-phenyl) -cyclobutyl] -1H-imidazol-4-yl} -2- (4-methoxy-phenyl) -acetamide;
N- {1- [3- (3-amino-phenyl) -cyclobutyl] -1H-imidazol-4-yl} -2- (4-methoxy-phenyl) -acetamide;
N- {1- [3- (3-Aminomethyl-phenyl) -cyclobutyl] -1H-imidazol-4-yl} -2- (4-methoxy-phenyl) -acetamide;
N- {1- [3- (3-dimethylaminomethyl-phenyl) -cyclobutyl] -1H-imidazol-4-yl} -2- (4-methoxy-phenyl) -acetamide; and
2- (4-methoxy-phenyl) -N- {1- [3- (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl) -cyclobutyl] -1H-imidazol-4-yl} -acetamide;
As well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds.
[0025]
A salt of the compound of formula 1 can be obtained by forming a salt with any acidic or basic group present on the compound of formula 1. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compound of formula 1 are hydrochloric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, salicylic acid, oxalic acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, tartaric acid , Maleic acid, di-p-toluoyl tartaric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, hydroiodic acid, mandelic acid, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and lithium salts.
[0026]
Compounds of formula 1 may have optical centers and therefore may occur in different enantiomers and other stereoisomeric configurations. The present invention includes all enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomers of such compounds of Formula 1, as well as racemic pairs and other mixtures thereof.
[0027]
The present invention is also identical to that listed in Formula 1 except for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by atoms having an atomic weight or mass number different from the atomic weight or mass number normally found in nature. Of isotopically labeled compounds. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into the compounds of the present invention are hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, fluorine, iodine, and chlorine isotopes, such asThreeH,11C,14C,18F,one two ThreeI and125Including I. Compounds of the present invention and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds that contain the aforementioned isotopes and / or other isotopes of other atoms are within the scope of the present invention. Isotope-labeled compounds of the invention, such as radioactive isotopes, such asThreeH and14Those that incorporate C are useful in drug and / or substrate tissue distribution assays. Tritiated, ieThreeH, and carbon-14, i.e.14C isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation and detectability.11C and18F isotopes are particularly useful in PET (position emission tomography), and125I isotopes are particularly useful in SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) and all useful in brain imaging. In addition, heavier isotopes, such as deuterium, i.e.2Replacement with H may result in certain therapeutic benefits due to greater metabolic stability, e.g. increased in vivo stability or reduced required dosage, and in some circumstances May be preferred. The isotope-labeled compounds of Formula 1 of the present invention can be performed according to the procedures disclosed in the schemes and / or examples below by replacing non-isotopically labeled reagents with readily available isotope-labeled reagents. Usually can be prepared.
[0028]
The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating a disease or condition comprising abnormal cell growth in a mammal, wherein the compound is of an amount effective to inhibit abnormal cell growth, and A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is provided.
[0029]
The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating a disease or condition comprising abnormal cell proliferation in a mammal, wherein the compound is of an amount effective to inhibit cdk2 activity, and a medicament. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising an acceptable carrier are provided.
[0030]
The present invention also provides a method for treating a disease or condition comprising abnormal cell growth in a mammal, wherein the mammal is administered an amount of a compound of Formula 1 effective to inhibit the abnormal cell growth. There is provided a method comprising:
[0031]
The present invention is also a method for treating a disease or condition comprising abnormal cell proliferation in a mammal, comprising administering to the mammal an amount of a compound of formula 1 effective to inhibit cdk2 activity. A method comprising the steps of:
[0032]
In the pharmaceutical composition or method of the invention for treating a disease or condition comprising abnormal cell growth, the disease or condition comprising abnormal cell growth is in one embodiment cancer. Cancers are malignant tumors such as bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, lungs such as small cell lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gallbladder cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, cervical cancer, thyroid cancer, Prostate cancer, or skin cancer, eg squamous cell carcinoma; lymphoid hematopoietic tumors, eg leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, B cell lymphoma, T cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, hair cell Lymphoma, or Burquett lymphoma; hematopoietic cell tumors of myeloid lineage, such as acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or promyelocytic leukemia; tumors derived from mesenchymal, such as fibrosarcoma or lateral Rhabdomyosarcoma; tumors of the central or peripheral nervous system, such as astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, glial or schwannoma; melanoma; seminoma; teratocarcinoma; osteosarcoma; color Sexually xerosis; keratoacanthoma; may be, or Kaposi's sarcoma; thyroid follicular cancer.
[0033]
In another embodiment, the disease or condition comprising abnormal cell proliferation is benign. Such diseases and symptoms include benign prostatic hypertrophy, familial adenomatous polyposis, neurofibromatosis, atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, arthritis, psoriasis, glomerulonephritis, restenosis, hypertrophic scar formation, Inflammatory bowel disease, graft rejection, bacterial infection, and endotoxic shock.
[0034]
The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating a neurodegenerative disease or condition in a mammal, in an amount effective to treat said disease or condition, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A pharmaceutical composition is provided.
[0035]
The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating a neurodegenerative disease or condition in a mammal, comprising an amount of a compound of Formula 1 effective to inhibit cdk5 activity, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A pharmaceutical composition is provided.
[0036]
The present invention also includes a method for treating a neurodegenerative disease or condition in a mammal, comprising administering to the mammal an amount of a compound of Formula 1 effective to inhibit cdk5 activity. provide.
[0037]
The present invention also provides a method for treating a neurodegenerative disease or condition in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal an amount of a compound of Formula 1 effective to treat said disease or condition. Provide a method.
[0038]
In one embodiment of the invention, the neurodegenerative disease or condition being treated is Huntington's disease, stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple cerebral infarction dementia, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pain Virus-induced dementia such as AIDS-induced dementia, neurodegeneration associated with bacterial infection, migraine, hypoglycemia, urinary incontinence, cerebral ischemia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's type senile dementia, Mild cognitive impairment, age-related cognitive decline, vomiting, cortical basal ganglia degeneration, fighting dementia, Down's syndrome, muscular dystrophy, Niemann-Pick disease, Pick's disease, prion disease with confusion, progressive supranuclear palsy, Selected from inferior lateral sclerosis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
[0039]
The present invention is also a pharmaceutical composition for treatment of a disease or condition, which can be achieved or facilitated by altering dopamine-mediated neurotransmission in a mammal, which treats the disease or condition. There is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a cdk5 inhibitor and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0040]
The present invention is also a pharmaceutical composition for treatment of a disease or condition that can be achieved or facilitated by altering dopamine-mediated neurotransmission in a mammal, which inhibits cdk5 activity. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a cdk5 inhibitor and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0041]
The present invention is also a method for treatment of a disease or condition that can be achieved or facilitated by altering dopamine-mediated neurotransmission in a mammal, effective for inhibiting cdk5 activity. There is provided a method comprising administering to a mammal an amount of a cdk5 inhibitor.
[0042]
The present invention is also a method for treatment of a disease or condition that can be achieved or facilitated by altering dopamine-mediated neurotransmission in a mammal, wherein the method treats the disease or condition. A method comprising administering to a mammal an effective amount of a cdk5 inhibitor.
[0043]
In one embodiment of the invention, the disease or condition that treatment can be achieved or facilitated by altering dopamine-mediated neurotransmission is Parkinson's disease; schizophrenia; schizophrenia-like disorder, eg, paranoid or depressed Paranoid disorders; substance-induced psychotic disorders such as psychosis induced by alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhaled antigens, opioids, or phencyclidine; paranoid personality disorder; schizophrenic Personality disorder; drug addiction such as narcotics (eg heroin, opium and morphine), cocaine and alcohol dependence; drug withdrawal symptoms such as narcotic, cocaine and alcohol withdrawal symptoms; obsessive compulsive disorder; Tourette syndrome; depression Major depressive episodes, manic or mixed mood episodes, hypomania mood episodes Depressive, abnormal features, or depression with depressive or tonic features, mood episodes after the start of labor; depression after stroke, major depressive disorder, mood dysthymic disorder, mild depressive disorder, menstruation Pre-discomfort mood disorder, depressive disorder after psychosis of schizophrenia, mental disorders such as paranoid disorder or major depressive disorder overlapping with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder such as type I bipolar disorder, type II bipolar Selected from disorder, circulatory disorder; anxiety; attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder; and attention deficit disorder.
[0044]
In another embodiment, a cdk5 inhibitor in a method or composition for treating a disease or condition that can be achieved or facilitated by altering dopamine-mediated neurotransmission is a compound of formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable Is its salt.
[0045]
The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of a disease or condition facilitated by cdk5 activity in a mammal, in an amount effective to inhibit cdk5 activity and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A composition comprising: is provided.
[0046]
The present invention is also a method for the treatment of a disease or condition facilitated by cdk5 activity in a mammal, comprising administering to the mammal an amount of a compound of Formula 1 effective to inhibit cdk5 activity. A method comprising:
[0047]
We have also discovered that the compound of formula 1 has activity to inhibit GSK-3. Therefore, compounds of formula 1 can be expected to be useful in treating diseases or conditions where treatment can be achieved or facilitated by inhibition of GSK-3. Diseases or conditions for which treatment can be achieved or facilitated by inhibition of GSK-3 include diseases and conditions of neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases and symptoms are discussed above, and include, but are not limited to, for example, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, stroke, cerebral ischemia, Includes AIDS-related dementia, neurodegeneration associated with bacterial infection, multiple cerebral infarction dementia, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. Thus, the compounds of formula 1 are effective in treating neurodegenerative diseases and conditions based on both cdk5 activity and GSK-3 activity.
[0048]
Other diseases and conditions that can be achieved or facilitated by inhibiting GSK-3 are mental disorders and symptoms such as schizophrenia; schizophrenia-like disorders such as those of delusional or depressive type; Delusional disorders; substance-induced psychotic disorders such as psychosis induced by alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhaled antigens, opioids, or phencyclidine; delusional personality disorder; and schizophrenic personality disorder including. Treatment of such diseases and conditions can also be achieved or facilitated by altering dopamine-mediated neurotransmission. Thus, the compounds of formula 1 are effective in treating such diseases and conditions based on both cdk5 activity and GSK-3 activity.
[0049]
Other disorders and symptoms that can be achieved or facilitated by inhibiting GSK-3 are mood disorders and mood episodes, such as major depressive episodes, mania or mixed mood episodes, hypomania mood episodes Depression with abnormal characteristics, or depressed or tonic characteristics, mood episodes after the start of labor; depression after stroke, major depressive disorder, mood modulation disorder, mild depressive disorder, premenstrual Discomfort disorder, depressive disorder after psychosis in schizophrenia, mental disorders such as paranoid disorder or major depressive disorder overlapping with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder such as type I bipolar disorder, type II bipolar disorder And including circulatory disorders. Treatment of such mood disorders and episodes, such as depression, can also be achieved or facilitated by altering dopamine-mediated neurotransmission. Thus, compounds of formula 1 are effective in the treatment of certain mood disorders and episodes based on both cdk5 activity and GSK-3 activity.
[0050]
Other disorders and symptoms that can be achieved or facilitated by inhibiting GSK-3 are: male fertility and sperm motility; diabetes mellitus; impaired glucose tolerance; metabolic syndrome or X syndrome; Cystic ovary syndrome; lipogenesis and obesity; myogenesis and brittleness, eg age-related decline in physical ability; acute sarcopenia, eg muscle atrophy and / or sunburn-related cachexia, bed rest, limbs Or general chest, abdominal, and / or orthopedic surgery; sepsis; spinal cord injury; hair loss, hair thinning and balding; immune deficiency; and cancer.
[0051]
Thus, the present invention also includes male fertility and sperm motility; diabetes mellitus; glucose intolerance; metabolic syndrome or X syndrome; polycystic ovary syndrome; lipogenesis and obesity; Formation and fragility, eg age-related decline in physical ability; acute sarcopenia, eg muscle atrophy and / or sunburn-related cachexia, bed rest, limb fixation, or overall chest, abdomen And / or orthopedic surgery; sepsis; hair loss, hair thinning and balding; and a pharmaceutical composition for treating a disease or condition selected from immune deficiency, comprising: As an acceptable carrier and a composition comprising an amount of a compound of Formula 1 effective to treat said disease or condition.
[0052]
The invention further includes male fertility and sperm motility; diabetes mellitus; impaired glucose tolerance; metabolic syndrome or syndrome X; polycystic ovary syndrome; lipogenesis and obesity; Fragility, eg age-related decline in physical ability; acute sarcopenia, eg muscle atrophy and / or sunburn related cachexia, bed rest, limb fixation, or overall chest, abdomen, and A pharmaceutical composition for treating a disease or symptom selected from septicemia; sepsis; hair loss, hair thinning and balding; and immune deficiency, pharmaceutically acceptable And a composition comprising an effective amount of a compound of Formula 1 to inhibit GSK-3.
[0053]
The present invention also includes male fertility and sperm motility; diabetes mellitus; impaired glucose tolerance; metabolic syndrome or syndrome X; polycystic ovary syndrome; lipogenesis and obesity; Fragility, eg age-related decline in physical ability; acute sarcopenia, eg muscle atrophy and / or sunburn related cachexia, bed rest, limb fixation, or overall chest, abdomen, and A method for treating a disease or symptom selected from sepsis; hair loss, hair thinning and balding; and immune deficiency, comprising: There is provided a method comprising administering to the mammal an amount of a compound of Formula 1 effective to treat.
[0054]
The present invention also includes male fertility and sperm motility; diabetes mellitus; impaired glucose tolerance; metabolic syndrome or syndrome X; polycystic ovary syndrome; lipogenesis and obesity; Fragility, eg age-related decline in physical ability; acute sarcopenia, eg muscle atrophy and / or sunburn related cachexia, bed rest, limb fixation, or overall chest, abdomen, and A method for treating a disease or symptom selected from sepsis; hair loss, hair thinning, and balding; and immune deficiency, which inhibits GSK-3 There is provided a method comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a compound of Formula 1.
[0055]
The present invention is further a method for inhibiting GSK-3 in mammals, including humans, comprising administering to said mammal an amount of a compound of formula 1 effective to inhibit GSK-3. Provide a method.
[0056]
The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating a disorder selected from Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and age-related cognitive decline in a mammal, effective for treating said disorder. Provided is a composition comprising a cdk5 inhibitor and a COX-II inhibitor together in a sufficient amount and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In one embodiment, the cdk5 inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0057]
The present invention also provides a method for treating a disorder selected from Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and age-related cognitive decline in a mammal comprising a cdk5 inhibitor and a COX-II inhibitor. Providing a method comprising administering to said mammal, wherein the combined amount of a cdk5 inhibitor and a COX-II inhibitor is effective to treat said disorder. In one embodiment, the cdk5 inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The cdk5 inhibitor and the COX-II inhibitor can be administered to the mammal at the same time and / or at different times. Furthermore, they can be administered together in a single pharmaceutical composition or in separate pharmaceutical compositions.
[0058]
Furthermore, a cdk-5 inhibitor, for example a compound of formula 1 according to the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula 1, may be administered for the treatment or prevention of depression and / or anxiety. Or may be prepared into a pharmaceutical composition together with one or more antidepressants or anxiolytic compounds.
[0059]
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating depression or anxiety in mammals, comprising an amount of a cdk5 inhibitor and an NK-1 receptor antagonist effective to treat depression or anxiety. A composition comprising the carrier and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is provided. In one embodiment, the cdk5 inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0060]
The present invention further provides a method for treating depression or anxiety in a mammal comprising administering a cdk5 inhibitor and an NK-1 receptor antagonist to said mammal, wherein the cdk5 inhibitor and NK-1 Provided are methods wherein the combined amount of receptor antagonist is effective to treat the disorder. In one embodiment, the cdk5 inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The cdk5 inhibitor and the NK-1 receptor antagonist can be administered to the mammal at the same time and / or at different times. Furthermore, they can be administered together in a single pharmaceutical composition or in separate pharmaceutical compositions.
[0061]
The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating depression or anxiety in mammals, wherein the cdk5 inhibitor and 5HT are effective in treating depression or anxiety.1DCompositions comprising a receptor antagonist together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are provided. In one embodiment, the cdk5 inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0062]
The present invention further provides a method for treating depression or anxiety in a mammal comprising a cdk5 inhibitor and 5HT.1DAdministering a receptor antagonist to said mammal comprising a cdk5 inhibitor and 5HT1DProvided are methods wherein the combined amount of receptor antagonist is effective to treat the disorder. In one embodiment, the cdk5 inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. cdk5 inhibitor and 5HT1DReceptor antagonists can be administered to a mammal at the same time and / or at different times. Furthermore, they can be administered together in a single pharmaceutical composition or in separate pharmaceutical compositions.
[0063]
The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating depression or anxiety in mammals, wherein the cdk5 inhibitor and SSRI in an amount effective to treat depression or anxiety are combined and pharmaceutically acceptable. There is provided a composition comprising a supported carrier. In one embodiment, the cdk inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0064]
The present invention further provides a method for treating depression or anxiety in a mammal, comprising administering a cdk5 inhibitor and SSRI to the mammal, wherein the combined amount of the cdk5 inhibitor and SSRI is A method is provided that is effective in treating a disorder. In one embodiment, the cdk5 inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The cdk5 inhibitor and SSRI can be administered to the mammal at the same time and / or at different times. Furthermore, they can be administered together in a single pharmaceutical composition or in separate pharmaceutical compositions.
[0065]
The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating schizophrenia in mammals, comprising a cdk5 inhibitor and ziprasidone, olanzapine, risperidone, L-745870, sonepiprazole, RP 62203, NGD 941, Provided is a composition comprising an antipsychotic agent selected from valperidone, flesinoxane, and gepirone, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In one embodiment, the cdk5 inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0066]
The present invention further provides a method for treating schizophrenia in a mammal, comprising a cdk5 inhibitor and ziprasidone, olanzapine, risperidone, L-745870, sonepiprazole, RP 62203, NGD 941, balaperidone, flesinoxane, and gepirone. A method comprising: administering to the mammal an antipsychotic agent selected from: wherein a combined amount of a cdk5 inhibitor and an antipsychotic agent is effective to treat the disorder. In one embodiment, the cdk5 inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The cdk5 inhibitor and the antipsychotic can be administered to the mammal at the same time and / or at different times. Furthermore, they can be administered together in a single pharmaceutical composition or in separate pharmaceutical compositions.
[0067]
The present invention is further a pharmaceutical composition for treating a disorder selected from mammalian Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and age-related cognitive impairment, which is effective for treating said disorder. Compositions comprising a cdk5 inhibitor and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor together in an amount and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are provided. In one embodiment, the cdk5 inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0068]
The present invention also provides a method for treating a disorder selected from Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and age-related cognitive impairment in a mammal, comprising a cdk5 inhibitor and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor as described above. Providing a method comprising administering to a mammal, wherein the combined amount of a cdk5 inhibitor and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor is effective to treat the disorder. In one embodiment, the cdk5 inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The cdk5 inhibitor and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor can be administered to the mammal at the same time and / or at different times.
[0069]
The present invention is also a pharmaceutical composition for treating stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple cerebral infarction dementia, epilepsy, pain, Alzheimer's disease, and senile dementia, which treats the disorder A composition comprising an effective amount of a cdk5 inhibitor and TPA (tissue plasminogen activator, such as ACTIVASE), and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is provided. In one embodiment, the cdk inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0070]
The invention further provides a method for treating mammalian stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple cerebral infarction dementia, epilepsy, pain, Alzheimer's disease, and senile dementia, comprising a cdk5 inhibitor and a TPA. Is provided to the mammal, wherein a combined amount of a cdk5 inhibitor and TPA is effective to treat the disorder. In one embodiment, the cdk5 inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The cdk5 inhibitor and TPA can be administered to the mammal at the same time and / or at different times. Furthermore, they can be administered together in a single pharmaceutical composition or in separate pharmaceutical compositions.
[0071]
The present invention is also a pharmaceutical composition for treating stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple cerebral infarct dementia, epilepsy, pain, Alzheimer's disease, and senile dementia, which treats the disorder A composition comprising an effective amount of a cdk5 inhibitor and NIF (neutrophil inhibitor) together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is provided. In one embodiment, the cdk inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0072]
The present invention further provides a method for treating mammalian stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple cerebral infarction dementia, epilepsy, pain, Alzheimer's disease, and senile dementia, comprising a cdk5 inhibitor and a NIF A combination of a cdk5 inhibitor and NIF is effective to treat the disorder. In one embodiment, the cdk5 inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The cdk5 inhibitor and NIF can be administered to the mammal at the same time and / or at different times. Furthermore, they can be administered together in a single pharmaceutical composition or in separate pharmaceutical compositions.
[0073]
The present invention also includes mammalian Huntington's disease, stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple cerebral infarction dementia, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pain, virus-induced dementia, such as AIDS-induced dementia, Neurodegeneration associated with bacterial infection, migraine, hypoglycemia, urinary incontinence, cerebral ischemia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia of Alzheimer type, mild cognitive impairment, age-related cognitive function Decline, vomiting, cortical basal ganglia degeneration, fighting dementia, Down syndrome, muscular dystrophy, Niemann-Pick disease, Pick's disease, prion with confusion, progressive supranuclear palsy, inferior lateral sclerosis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis A pharmaceutical composition for treating a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of a cdk5 inhibitor and an NMDA receptor antagonist in an amount effective to treat the disorder, and as a medicament Providing a composition comprising an acceptable carrier. In one embodiment, the cdk inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0074]
The present invention further includes Huntington's chorea, stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple cerebral infarction dementia, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pain, virus-induced dementia such as AIDS-induced dementia, Neurodegeneration associated with bacterial infection, migraine, hypoglycemia, urinary incontinence, cerebral ischemia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia of Alzheimer type, mild cognitive impairment, age-related cognitive function Decline, vomiting, cortical basal ganglia degeneration, fighting dementia, Down syndrome, muscular dystrophy, Niemann-Pick disease, Pick's disease, prion with confusion, progressive supranuclear palsy, inferior lateral sclerosis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis A combination of a cdk5 inhibitor and an NMDA receptor antagonist comprising administering to the mammal a cdk5 inhibitor and an NMDA receptor antagonist It is effective in treating said disorder, and a method. In one embodiment, the cdk5 inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The cdk5 inhibitor and the NMDA receptor antagonist can be administered to the mammal at the same time and / or at different times. Furthermore, they can be administered together in a single pharmaceutical composition or in separate pharmaceutical compositions.
[0075]
The present invention is also a pharmaceutical composition for treating stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple cerebral infarct dementia, epilepsy, pain, Alzheimer's disease, and senile dementia, which treats the disorder A composition comprising an effective amount of a cdk5 inhibitor together with a potassium channel modulator and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is provided. In one embodiment, the cdk inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0076]
The present invention further provides a method for treating mammalian stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple cerebral infarction dementia, epilepsy, pain, Alzheimer's disease, and senile dementia, comprising a cdk5 inhibitor and potassium There is provided a method comprising administering a channel modulator to the mammal, wherein the combined amount of a cdk5 inhibitor and a potassium channel modulator is effective to treat the disorder. In one embodiment, the cdk5 inhibitor is a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The cdk5 inhibitor and the potassium channel modulator can be administered to the mammal at the same time and / or at different times. Furthermore, they can be administered together in a single pharmaceutical composition or in separate pharmaceutical compositions.
[0077]
The terms “treatment”, “treating” and the like refer to reversing, reducing or inhibiting the progression of a disease or symptom to which such a term applies, or one or more symptoms of such a disease or symptom. To do. As used herein, these terms also depend on the patient's symptoms to prevent the onset of the disease or condition, or symptoms associated with the disease or condition, such as the disease or condition, or to them. It includes reducing the severity of the associated symptom prior to distress due to the disease or condition. Such prevention or alleviation prior to pain refers to the administration of a compound of the invention to a subject who is not suffering from the disease or condition at the time of administration. “Prevention” also encompasses preventing recurrence of the disease or condition, or symptoms associated therewith.
[0078]
“Mammal” as used herein and means any mammal, unless otherwise specified. The term “mammal” includes, for example and without limitation, dogs, cats, and humans.
[0079]
“Abnormal cell growth”, as used herein, is either malignant (eg, like cancer) or benign, ie independent of normal control mechanisms (eg, loss of contact inhibition). We refer to cell proliferation. Examples of benign proliferative diseases are psoriasis, benign prostatic hypertrophy, human papillomavirus (HPV), and restenosis.
[0080]
“Neurodegenerative diseases and conditions” as used herein refers to diseases or conditions associated with neurodegeneration. Natural neurodegenerative symptoms and diseases are generally known to those skilled in the art.
[0081]
Diseases and conditions that are referred to herein as “treatment can be achieved or facilitated by altering dopamine-mediated neurotransmission” are diseases or conditions caused at least in part by dopamine neurotransmission, or By disease or condition that results in abnormal dopamine neurotransmission that contributes to the symptom or manifestation of the disease or condition.
[0082]
Diseases and conditions that are referred to herein as “treatment can be achieved or facilitated by reducing cdk5 activity” are diseases or conditions caused at least in part by cdk5 activity, or symptoms or symptoms of the disease or condition or It refers to a disease or condition that results in abnormal cdk5 activity used for expression.
[0083]
“Effective amount for inhibiting cdk5 activity” as used herein refers to the amount of a compound sufficient to bind to the enzyme cdk5, which has the effect of reducing cdk5 activity.
[0084]
“Effective amount for inhibiting cdk2 activity” as used herein refers to the amount of a compound sufficient to bind to the enzyme cdk2 having the effect of reducing cdk2 activity.
[0085]
Detailed Description of the Invention
The compounds of formula 1 above, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, can be prepared according to the following reaction schemes and discussion. R unless otherwise noted1, R2, RThree, And RFourIs as defined above. Product isolation and purification can be accomplished by standard procedures known to those skilled in the art.
[0086]
As used herein, the expression “reactive inert solvent” refers to a solvent system in which the components do not react with the starting materials, reagents, or product intermediates to adversely affect the yield of the desired product. To mention.
[0087]
During any of the following synthetic procedures, it may be necessary and / or desirable to protect sensitive or reactive groups on any of the molecules of interest. This means that conventional protecting group means such as
[Table 2]
Can be achieved by the following.
[0088]
Scheme 1 shows a compound of formula 1 where RThree Is —C (═O) NH—, —C (═O) O—, or —C (═O) (CRTenR11)n -) Is a suitable method for preparing Referring to Scheme 1, 1,4-dinitroimidazole (J. Phys. Chem. (1995) Vol. 99, pp. 5009-1015) solution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), pyrimidine-water, water, acetonitrile-water, Primary alkyl or aryl in an alcohol or alcohol-water solvent system, preferably in a lower alcohol, such as methanol, at about -20 ° C to about 50 ° C, preferably about -5 ° C to 35 ° C. Treatment with amine gives 1-N-substituted-4-nitroimidazole of formula 2. 1,4-dinitroimidazole is a high energy metastable material and should be stored in a freezer when not in use. Thermodynamic measurements have shown that it can potentially produce enough energy to explode vigorously at 35 ° C. under adiabatic conditions. Extreme care should always be used when using this material. Reduction of the nitro compound of formula 2 to the amine of formula 3 is carried out using a mixture of the compound of formula 2 and a noble metal catalyst in a solvent such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, or mixtures thereof, at a pressure of about 1 to 100 atmospheres. (Wherein the preferred pressure of hydrogen gas is from about 1 to about 10 atmospheres). Palladium is a preferred noble metal catalyst. The metal can be conveniently suspended on an inert solid support such as charcoal. After consumption of the compound of formula 2, the mixture is filtered and the resulting amine of formula 3 is immediately converted to the acid chloride ClC (= O) (CRTenR11)n RFour , Acid anhydride (RFour (CRTenR11)n C (= O))2 O or an activated carboxylic acid derivative XC (═O) (CRTenR11)n -RFour In the presence of a base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, or 2,6-lutidine at about -78 ° C to 40 ° C. 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride and triethylamine are a preferred combination. Activated carboxylic acid derivatives are carboxylic acid HOC (= O) (CRTenR11)n RFour And known activating reagents such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, carbonyldiimidazole, 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride, alkyl or aryl chloroformate, bis (2 -Oxo-3-oxazolidinyl) phosphine acid chloride, benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, or any other standard documented reagent, etc. . This procedure involves the compound of formula 1B where RThree Is -C (= O) (CRTenR11)n -).
[0089]
Alternatively, after filtration, the amine of Formula 3 can be converted to a base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, or 2,6-lutidine, and an alkyl or aryl chloroformate at about -78 ° C to 40 ° C (-78 ° C to- 40 ° C. is preferred), so that the compound of formula 1A (where RThree Is —C (═O) O— and RFour Is phenyl). Diisopropylethylamine and phenyl chloroformate are a preferred combination. Subsequent treatment of the phenyl carbamate of formula 1A with a primary or secondary amine in a solvent such as dioxane, dimethylformamide, or acetonitrile at about 40 ° C. to 90 ° C. yields the corresponding urea product 1C. (Where RThree Is -C (= O) NR9 -And RFour Is phenyl or heteroaryl). A 1: 1 mixture of dioxane-dimethylformamide and 70 ° C. are preferred.
[Chemical 3]
[0090]
A compound of formula 1 wherein R1 Is RFive And RFive Is NHC (= O) R8 Is shown in Scheme 2. A compound of formula 4 wherein RFive Is OH) with an alkyl- or arylsulfonyl chloride (p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (TosCl) is preferred), a reaction inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride or chloroform (where methylene chloride is preferred). ) At a temperature of about −10 ° C. to about 30 ° C., and an amine base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, or 2,6-lutidine (where triethylamine is preferred), and catalytic 4-N, Treatment with N-dimethylaminopyridine in the presence of a compound of formula 5 wherein RFive Is CHThree (C6 HFour ) SOThree (TosO)). A polar solvent such as dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, lower alcohol, water, or a mixture of these solvents (wherein, with an alkali metal salt of an amide of the tosylate formed in this way, where sodium azide is preferred) Treatment with about 20 ° C. to 130 ° C. (where 90 ° C. to 110 ° C. is preferred) in an ethanol-water mixture is preferred.Five Is NThree Is).
[0091]
Under selective reduction conditions, for example with trialkyl- or triarylphosphine, where triphenylphosphine is preferred, in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, or mixtures thereof, where tetrahydrofuran is preferred. Treatment of the azide with a compound of formula 7 wherein RFive Is NH2 Is). The compound of formula 7 (RFive = NH2 ) Primary amino groups can be derivatized via reaction with chloroformates, isocyanates, carbamoyl chloride, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, or activated carboxylic acid derivatives. Activated carboxylic acid derivatives include carboxylic acids and known activating reagents such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide, carbonyldiimidazole, 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride, chloroformic acid. Alkyl, bis (2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl) phosphine chloride, benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, or any other standard literature reagent And optionally in the presence of an amine base, such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, or 2,6-lutidine, where 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride is preferred. -78 ° C 80 ° C. (where, 0 ° C. to 40 ° C. is preferred) are prepared by. Tetrahydrofuran and methylene chloride are preferred solvents.
[0092]
The compound of formula 8 thus formed (where RFive Is —NHC (═O) R8 A compound of formula 1D (RFive Is NHC (= O) R8 And RThree Is C (= O) (CRTenR11)n RFour ) In a solvent such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, or mixtures thereof, and a noble metal catalyst (wherein palladium is a preferred noble metal catalyst, the metal being an inert solid support, For example, which can be conveniently suspended on charcoal) by exposure to a hydrogen gas atmosphere of about 1 to 100 atmospheres (where the preferred pressure of hydrogen gas is about 1 to about 10 atmospheres). obtain. After consumption of the compound of formula 8, the mixture is filtered and the resulting amine is combined with an acid chloride, acid anhydride, or activated carboxylic acid derivative, if appropriate, an amine base such as triethylamine, diisopropyl. Immediately acylated by reaction at about −78 ° C. to 40 ° C. in the presence of ethylamine, pyridine, or 2,6-lutidine (where 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride and triethylamine are the preferred combination); The N-acylated product of formula 1D is given. Activated carboxylic acid derivatives include carboxylic acids and known activating reagents such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide, carbonyldiimidazole, 1-propanephosphinic acid cyclic anhydride, chloroformic acid. Alkyl, bis (2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl) phosphine chloride, benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, or any other standard literature Prepared from
[0093]
If aryl chloroformate or heteroaryl chloroformate is used in the above acylation in place of acid chloride, anhydride, or activated carboxylic acid derivative, aryl carbamate 1E is formed. The produced aryl carbamate 1E (RThree Is C (= O) O- and RFour Is aryl or heteroaryl) in a solvent such as dioxane, dimethylformamide, or acetonitrile (where a 1: 1 mixture of dioxane-dimethylformamide is preferred) at about 40 ° C. to 90 ° C. (where 70 May be treated with an amine at a temperature of preferably 1 ° C., resulting in the corresponding urea product (RThree Is (-C (= O) NR9 -And RFour Is aryl or heteroaryl).
[Formula 4]
[0094]
A compound of formula 1 wherein RFive Is NHC (= O) R8 Another method for preparing is shown in Scheme 3. Compound 4 (where RFive Is OH) in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride or chloroform (preferably methylene chloride) by alkyl- or aryl-sulfonyl chloride (p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (TosCl) is preferred). Treatment in the presence of an amine base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, or 2,6-lutidine, and 4-N, N-dimethylaminopyridine at a temperature of about −10 ° C. to about 30 ° C. , Compounds of formula 5 wherein RFive Is CHThree (C6 HFour ) SOThree (TosO)). Triethylamine is the preferred amine base. Compound of formula 5 (RFive Is TosO) of the compound of formula 1G (RFive Is TosO and RThree Is C (= O) (CRTenR11)n RFour The compound of formula 5 (R) in a solvent such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, or mixtures thereof.Five Can be achieved by exposing the mixture of noble metal catalyst and noble metal catalyst to a hydrogen gas atmosphere of about 1 to 100 atmospheres, where the preferred pressure of hydrogen gas is about 1 to about 10 atmospheres. Palladium is a preferred noble metal catalyst. The metal can be conveniently suspended on an inert solid support such as charcoal. After compound 5 is consumed, the mixture is filtered and the resulting amine is immediately converted to the acid chloride, anhydride, or activated carboxylic acid derivative and, if appropriate, an amine base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, Reaction in the presence of pyridine, or 2,6-lutidine (where 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride and triethylamine are a preferred combination) at about -78 ° C to 40 ° C to form an N-acyl of formula 1G Give the product. Activated carboxylic acid derivatives include carboxylic acids and known activating reagents such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide, carbonyldiimidazole, 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride, chloroformic acid. As described in alkyl, bis (2-oxo-3-oxazosodinyl) phosphine chloride, benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, or any other standard literature And so on.
[0095]
Compound of formula 1G (RFive Is TosO and RThree Is -C (= O) (CRTenR11)n A polar solvent (e.g. dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, lower alcohol, water, or a mixture of these solvents) with an alkali metal salt of azide (where sodium azide is preferred) The treatment at about 20 ° C. to 130 ° C. (preferably 90 ° C. to 110 ° C.) in a water mixture is preferredFive Is NThree Can be used to produce a compound of Subsequent formula 1H (RFive Is NThree Reduction of the azide of formula 1H (R) in a solvent such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, or mixtures thereof.Five Is NThree And a noble metal catalyst (wherein palladium is a preferred noble metal catalyst, which can be conveniently suspended on an inert solid support such as charcoal) at about 1-100 atm. Can be achieved by exposure to a hydrogen gas atmosphere at a pressure of about 1 to about 10 atmospheres.
[0096]
Alternatively, an azide of formula 1H (RFive Is NThree Is reduced by treatment with a trialkyl- or triarylphosphine and water (preferably triphenylphosphine) in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, or acetonitrile (preferably tetrahydrofuran). Sometimes done. Compounds of formula 1I (RFive Is NH2 A primary amino group of chloroformate, isocyanate, carbamoyl chloride, acid chloride, acid anhydride, or activated carboxylic acid derivative (where activated carboxylic acid derivatives are known as carboxylic acids) Activating reagents such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide, carbonyldiimidazole, 1-propanephosphinic acid cyclic anhydride, alkyl chloroformate, bis (2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl) From an phosphinic acid chloride, benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, or any other standard literature reagent, if necessary, an amine base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine , Piligi , Or 2,6-lutidine (where 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride is preferred) in the presence of -78 ° C to 80 ° C (where 0 ° C to 40 ° C is Tetrahydrofuran and methylene chloride are preferred solvents.
[Chemical formula 5]
[0097]
A compound of formula 1 wherein RThree Is-(CRTenR11)n -) Can be prepared according to Scheme 4. Referring to Scheme 4, a 4-bromoimidazole solution in a base such as sodium hydride, potassium hydride, lithium hydride, cesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, lithium diisopropylamide, sodium amide, Reaction inert solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide with potassium hexamethyldisilazide, sodium hexamethyldisilazide, sodium tert-butoxide, or potassium tert-butoxide, Or a phase transfer catalyst such as tetra-n-butylammonium chloride, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide at about −20 ° C. to 150 ° C. (preferably 20 ° C. to 100 ° C.) in toluene. Treatment with or without amide, tetra-n-butylammonium iodide, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium bromide, or benzyltrimethylammonium fluoride, followed by alkyl, allyl, or benzyl chloride, bromide, iodide, The addition of alkyl sulfonate, aryl sulfonate, or triflate can be separated using methods known to those skilled in the art 1-substituted-4-bromoimidazole (9) and 1-substituted-5-bromo. A mixture of imidazole (10) is given.
[0098]
Alternatively, a reaction inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dichloroethane, of 4-bromoimidazole with fluorinated, chlorinated, brominated, iodinated, acetic acid, or allyl carboxylate, where allyl carboxylate is preferred. , 1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, or N, N-dimethylformamide, where tetrahydrofuran is preferred, such as palladium (0) tetrakis (triphenylphosphine), palladium (II) acetate, Allyl palladium chloride dimer, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0), tris (dibenzylideneacetone) (0) chloroform adduct, palladium (II) chloride (wherein palladium tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) or palladium (II Phosphine ligands such as triphenylphosphine, tri-o-triphosphine, tri-tert-butylphosphine, 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane, or 1,3 in the presence of acetate) Treatment with about 0 ° C. to 100 ° C. (where 50 ° C. to 80 ° C. is preferred), irrespective of the presence or absence of bis (diphenylphosphino) propane, is carried out with 1-substituted-4-bromoimidazole (9) and 1 Provide a mixture of -substituted-5-bromoimidazole (10).
[0099]
1-Substituted-4-bromoimidazole (9) of the formula -NH2 (CRTenR11)n RFour And palladium catalysts, such as palladium (II) acetate, allyl palladium chloride dimer, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0), tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0) chloroform adduct, or palladium (II) Chlorides (where palladium (II) acetate, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0), and tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0) chloroform adducts are preferred), and phosphine ligands such as BINAP 2-biphenyldicyclohexylphosphine, 2-biphenyl-di-tert-butylphosphine, or 2-N, N-dimethylamino-2'-diphenylphosphinobiphenyl (where 2-N, N-dimethylamino-2 ' -Diphenylphos Inobifeniru is preferred), and a base such as sodium tert- butoxide, cesium carbonate, or potassium phosphate (KThree POFour ) (Where potassium phosphate is preferred) in a reaction inert solvent such as toluene, 1,4-dioxane, or tetrahydrofuran, about 0 ° C. to 150 ° C. (where 20 ° C. to 110 ° C. is preferred) ) Gives the binding product 1.
[Chemical 6]
[0100]
A compound of formula 1 wherein R7 Is -C (= O) (CRTenR11)n Another method for synthesizing-is illustrated in Scheme 5 below. Primary amine R of ethyl-2-isocyano-3-N, N-dimethylaminoacrylate (11)1 -NH2 In a solvent such as n-butanol, n-propanol, I-propanol, or ethanol, or in the absence of a solvent (preferably n-propanol or no solvent). Treatment at about 23 ° C. to about 200 ° C. (where about 60 ° C. to about 150 ° C. is preferred) provides the imidazole of formula 12. Treatment of N, O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride with 1,2-dichloroethane with triethylaluminum followed by addition of 12 and about 30 ° C. to about 80 ° C. (where a temperature of about 50 ° C. is preferred) Heating gives imidazole 13. Organometallic reagent M- (CRTenR11)n RFour From about −50 ° C. to about 30 ° C. for a solution of 13 in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, or diethyl ether, where M can be either lithium halide or magnesium, preferably magnesium halide. Addition at a temperature (where about -20 ° C to about 0 ° C is preferred) gives 14. The addition of 14 at about 23 ° C. to a mixture of hydroxyamine hydrochloride and potassium acetate in a lower alcohol solvent, where ethanol is preferred, produces oxime 15 as a mixture of isomers. Treatment of the acetone solution of oxime 15 with sodium hydroxide solution followed by paratoluenesulfonyl chloride at about 0 ° C. produces a mixture of O-sulfonyl compounds after the extraction operation. Dissolve the crude material in a non-polar solvent such as benzene, hexane, or toluene (where benzene is preferred) and apply to an alumina column, 5 minutes later using chloroform-methanol (about 10: 1) The elution provides regioisomers from compound 1B and the Beckmann transition.
[Chemical 7]
[0101]
Compounds of formula 1J can also be prepared by the method illustrated in Scheme 6 below. The key starting material for this synthesis is the group ERFive A compound containing a double bond substituted with (compound of formula X) and RFive 1 to 3 groups selected from (X), where ERFive Is C (= O) R7 , C (= O) OR7 , C (= O) NR7 R8 , S (= O)2 R7 , S (= O)2 NR7 R8 , S (= O)2 OR7 , And an electron withdrawing group selected from cyano and heteroaryl. In addition, the compound of formula X is ERFive Is RFive Or may be directly bonded to a carbon-carbon double bond and as a result include compounds such as 2-cyclopentan-1-one and 2-cyclohexane-1-one. Or a compound of formula X wherein L is Cl, Br, I, OC (═O) R7 Or OS (= O)2 R7 May be used as starting materials; examples of such compounds are 3-chloro-1-cyclopentane, 3-acetoxy-1-cyclobutanone. Referring to Scheme 6 as follows, 4 (5) -nitroimidazole (wherein the salts are sodium, potassium, cesium, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) ) Or tetraalkylammonium, where tetra n-butylammonium and DBU are the preferred salts), according to intermediate 16 or 17, such as acetonitrile, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, or chloroform (where Treatment at a temperature of about −60 ° C. to about 50 ° C. (where −20 ° C. to 23 ° C. is a preferred range) in acetonitrile is a preferred solvent, to give an addition product of Formula 2A. Reduction of the nitro compound 2A involves the reaction of a mixture of 2A and a noble metal catalyst (palladium is the preferred noble metal catalyst, which can be conveniently suspended on an inert solid support such as charcoal) in a solvent such as acetic acid. Accomplished by exposure to a hydrogen gas atmosphere at a pressure of about 1 to 100 atmospheres (where the preferred pressure of hydrogen gas is about 1 to about 10 atmospheres) in ethyl, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, or mixtures thereof. obtain. After 2A is consumed, the mixture is filtered and the resulting amine is immediately acid chloride, ClC (= O) (CRTenR11)n RFour , Acid anhydride (RFour (CRTenR11)n C (= O))2 O or an activated carboxylic acid derivative × C (═O) (CRTenR11)n RFour In the presence of a base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, or 2,6-lutidine (where 1-propanephosphinic acid cyclic anhydride and triethylamine are a preferred combination) at -78 ° C to about 40 ° C. Give 1J. The activated carboxylic acid derivative is a carboxylic acid HOC (= O) (CRTenR11)n RFour And known activating reagents such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, carbonyldiimidazole, 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride, alkyl or aryl chloroformate, bis (2 Prepared from -oxo-3-oxazolidinyl) phosphine acid chloride, benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, or any other standard literature.
[0102]
Alternatively, after filtration, the intermediate amine is a base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, or 2,6-lutidine, and alkyl or aryl chloroformates (here diisopropylethylamine and phenyl chloroformate are preferred combinations). May be used at about −78 ° C. to about 40 ° C. (where about −78 ° C. to about −40 ° C. is preferred), resulting in 1K.
[0103]
Subsequent treatment of 1K with a primary or secondary amine in a solvent such as dioxane, dimethylformamide, or acetonitrile (preferably a 1: 1 mixture of dioxane-dimethylformamide) is the corresponding urea Give 1 L of product.
[0104]
Subsequent conversion of compounds 2A, 1J, 1K, and 1L using methods known to those skilled in the art may be performed to further provide compounds of formula 1 as described in this application.
[0105]
Compounds of formula 1 as described herein (wherein R2 Is other than hydrogen) using a method well known to those skilled in the art, the compound of formula 1 (where R2 May be prepared by conversion of For example, a compound of formula 1 (where R2 Is F) a compound of formula 1 where R2 For example, the compounds of formulas 1A, 1B, and 1C referred to in Scheme 1 above are converted from about room temperature to about toluene in toluene, xylene, or dioxane using N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide. It can be prepared by processing at 150 ° C, preferably from about 100 ° C to about 120 ° C.
[Chemical 8]
[0106]
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula 1 can be conveniently prepared by treating the corresponding free base or acid with one chemical equivalent of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base. Conventional concentration or crystallization techniques can be applied to isolate the salt. Examples of suitable acids include acetic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, fumaric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, iodine There are hydrofluoric acid, sulfamic acid, sulfonic acid such as methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and related acids. Exemplary bases are sodium, potassium, and calcium.
[0107]
The compounds of the present invention may be administered either alone or in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, either single or multiple doses. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include inert solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous solutions and various organic solvents. The pharmaceutical composition formed by combining the compound of formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can then be easily administered in various dosage forms such as tablets, powders, lozenges, syrups, injection solutions, etc. . These pharmaceutical compositions may optionally contain additional ingredients such as perfumes, binders, excipients and the like. Thus, for oral administration, tablets containing various excipients such as sodium citrate, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate bind various disintegrants such as starch, methylcellulose, alginic acid and certain complex silicates. It can be utilized with agents such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose, gelatin and acacia. In addition, lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate and talc are often used for tableting. Similar types of solid compositions can also be utilized as fillers in soft and hard gelatin capsules. Preferred materials for this include lactose or milk sugar and high molecular weight polyethylene glycols. When aqueous suspensions or elixirs are desired for oral administration, the essential active ingredients therein are various sweetening or flavoring agents, coloring substances or pigments and optionally emulsifying agents or suspending agents, diluents such as water. , Ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerin and combinations thereof.
[0108]
For parenteral administration, solutions containing the compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in sesame oil or peanut oil, aqueous propylene glycol, or in a sterile aqueous solution may be utilized. Such aqueous solutions should be appropriately buffered if necessary, and the liquid diluent should be made isotonic with a sufficient amount of saline or glucose. These particular aqueous solutions are particularly suitable for intravenous or intramuscular, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration. All of the sterilized aqueous solutions used are readily available to those skilled in the art.
[0109]
The compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered orally, transdermally (eg, through the use of a patch), parenterally (eg, intravenously), rectally, or topically. Usually, the daily dose to treat a disease or condition in which a neurodegenerative disease or condition or treatment can be achieved or facilitated by altering dopamine-mediated neurotransmission is usually per kg body weight of the patient to be treated It ranges from about 0.0001 to about 10.0 mg. The daily dose for treating a cancer or disease or condition involved in benign abnormal cell growth usually ranges from about 0.0001 to about 500 mg / kg body weight of the patient to be treated. For example, the compound of formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 0.01 mg up to 1000 mg per day, preferably per day, for adults of average body weight (about 70 kg) for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. It can be administered in single or divided (ie, multiple) doses ranging from about 0.1 to about 500 mg. The daily dose for treating obesity, sperm motility, hair loss, or any other disease or condition that can be treated by inhibiting GSK-3 is usually about 1 kg / kg body weight of the patient to be treated. It ranges from 0.0001 to about 10.0 mg. Variations based on the aforementioned dose ranges will be made by the physician taking into account known considerations such as the weight, age and symptoms of the person being treated, the severity of the affliction, and the particular route of administration chosen. Sometimes.
[0110]
The compound of formula 1 and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are further one or more selected from an anti-angiogenic agent, a signal transduction inhibitor, and an anti-proliferative agent in an amount effective to inhibit abnormal cell growth. Or may be prepared in a pharmaceutical composition containing the substances.
[0111]
Anti-angiogenic agents such as MMP-2 (matrix-metalloproteinase 2) inhibitor, MMP-9 (matrix-metalloproteinase 9) inhibitor, and COX-II (cyclooxygenase II) inhibitor are For the treatment of proliferation, it can be used in conjunction with a compound of formula 1 in the methods and pharmaceutical compositions described herein. Examples of useful COX-II inhibitors include CELEBREX ™ (celecoxib), valdecoxib, and rofecoxib. Examples of useful matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors are WO96 / 33172 (published 24 October 1996), WO96 / 27583 (published 7 March 1996), European Patent Application No. 9730497 (July 1997). European Patent Application No. 99308617.2 (filed on October 29, 1999), WO 98/07697 (published on February 26, 1998), WO 98/03516 (published on January 29, 1998), WO 98 / 34918 (August 13, 1998), WO98 / 34915 (published August 13, 1998), WO98 / 33768 (published August 6, 1998), WO98 / 30566 (published July 16, 1998), European Patent Publication No. 606,046 (issued July 13, 1994), European Patent Publication No. 931,788 (Issued July 28, 1999), WO 90/05719 (published March 31, 1990), WO 99/52910 (published October 21, 1999), WO 99/52889 (published October 21, 1999), WO 99 / 52889 (published October 21, 1999), WO99 / 29667 (published June 17, 1999), PCT International Application No. PCT / IB98 / 01113 (filed July 21, 1998), European Patent Application No. 993022232.1. (Filed March 25, 1999), UK patent application number 9912961.1 (filed June 3, 1999), US provisional patent application number 60 / 148,464 (filed August 12, 1999), US patent 5 863,949 (issued January 26, 1999), US Patent 5,861,510 (issued January 19, 1999) , And European are described in Patent Publication No. 780,386 (published Jun. 25, 1997), all in their entirety by reference are incorporated herein. Preferred MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors are those that have little or no activity inhibiting MMP-1. Further preferred are other matrix-metalloproteinases (ie MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-4, MMP-5, MMP-6, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-10, MMP-11, It selectively inhibits MMP-2 and / or MMP-9 as compared with MMP-12 and MMP-13).
[0112]
Some specific examples of MMP inhibitors useful in the present invention include AG-3340, RO32-3555, RS13-0830, and the following list:
3-[[4- (4-Fluoro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonyl]-(1-hydroxycarbamoyl-cyclopentyl) -amino] -propionic acid;
3-oxo-3- [4- (4-fluoro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonylamino] -8-oxa-bicyclo [3.2.1] octane-3-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide;
(2R, 3R) 1- [4- (2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzyloxy) -benzenesulfonyl] -3-hydroxy-3-methyl-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide;
4- [4- (4-fluoro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonylamino] -tetravitro-pyran-4-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide;
3-[[4- (4-Fluoro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonyl]-(1-hydroxycarbamoyl-cyclobutyl) -amino] -propionic acid;
4- [4- (4-chloro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonylamino] -tetrahydro-pyran-4-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide;
(R) 3- [4- (4-Chloro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonylamino] -tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide;
(2R, 3R) 1- [4- (4-Fluoro-2-methyl-benzyloxy) -benzenesulfonyl] -3-hydroxy-3-methyl-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide;
3-[[4- (4-Fluoro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonyl]-(1-hydroxycarbamoyl-1-methyl-ethyl) -amino] -propionic acid;
3-[[4- (4-Fluoro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonyl]-(4-hydroxycarbamoyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl) -amino] -propionic acid;
Exo-3- [4- (4-chloro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonylamino] -8-oxa-bicyclo [3.2.1] octane-3-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide;
3-endo-3- [4- (4-fluoro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonylamino] -8-oxa-bicyclo [3.2.1] octane-3-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide; and
(R) 3- [4- (4-Fluoro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonylamino] -tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvents of said compound There is a Japanese product.
[0113]
Other anti-angiogenic agents such as other COX-II inhibitors and other MMP inhibitors may also be used in the present invention.
[0114]
An effective amount of a COX-II inhibitor when combined with a cdk5 inhibitor, eg, a compound of Formula 1, can generally be determined by one skilled in the art. The recommended daily effective range for a COX-II inhibitor when combined with a cdk5 inhibitor is about 0.1 to about 25 mg / kg body weight. An effective daily dose of a cdk5 inhibitor is usually about 0.0001 to about 10 mg / kg body weight. In some examples, the combined amount of COX-II inhibitor and / or cdk5 inhibitor is on an individual basis to achieve the same desired effect in inhibiting abnormal cell growth. There seems to be less than what is required.
[0115]
Compounds of formula 1 are also signaling inhibitors, eg, substances that can inhibit the response of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), eg, EGFR antibodies, EGF antibodies, and molecules that are EGFR inhibitors; VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor ) Inhibitors; and erbB2 receptor inhibitors, eg, organic molecules or antibodies that bind to the erbB2 receptor, eg, HERCEPTIN ™ (Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, California, USA). Such a combination is useful for treating and preventing abnormal cell proliferation, such as cancer, as described herein.
[0116]
Examples of EGFR inhibitors include WO95 / 19970 (published on July 27, 1995), WO98 / 14451 (published on April 9, 1998), WO98 / 02434 (published on January 22, 1998), and US Pat. 747, 498 (issued May 5, 1998), and such materials may be used in the present invention as described herein. EGFR inhibitors include, but are not limited to, monoclonal antibody C225 and anti-EGFR 22 Mab (ImClore Systems Incorporated New York, New York, USA), Compound ZD-1839 (Astra Zeneca), BIBX-1382 (Boehringer Ingelheim) MDX-447 (Medarex Inc., Annandale, New Jersey, USA), and OLX-103 (Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA), VRCTC-310 (Ventech Research) and EGF fusion toxin (Seragen Inc., Hopkinton, Massachusettes) including. These and other EGFR inhibitors can also be used in the present invention.
[0117]
VEGF inhibitors such as SU-5416 and SU-6668 (Sugen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA) may also be combined with the compound of formula 1. Examples of VEGF inhibitors include WO99 / 24440 (published on May 20, 1999), PCT international patent application PCT / IB99 / 00797 (filed on May 3, 1999), WO95 / 21613 (published on August 17, 1995). , WO99 / 61422 (published on December 2, 1999), US Patent 5,834,504 (issued on November 10, 1998), WO98 / 50356 (published on November 12, 1998), US Patent 5,883. 113 (issued March 16, 1999), US Patent 5,886,020 (issued March 23, 1999), US Patent 5,792,783 (issued August 17, 1998), WO99 / 10349 (1999). Published on March 4, 1997), WO97 / 32856 (published on September 12, 1997), WO97 / 22596 (on June 26, 1997) Open), WO 98/54093 (published December 3, 1998), WO 98/02438 (published January 22, 1998), WO 99/16755 (published April 8, 1999), and WO 98/02437 (1998 1). All of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
[0118]
ErbBL receptor inhibitors such as GW-282974 (Glaxo Wellcome plc), and monoclonal antibodies AR-209 (Arorex Pharmaceuticals Inc., The Woodlands, Texas, USA) and 2B-1 (Chiron) are also combined with the compound of Formula 1. For example, WO98 / 02434 (published on January 22, 1998), WO99 / 35146 (published on July 15, 1999), WO99 / 35132 (published on July 15, 1999), WO98 / 02437 (1998) Published on Jan. 22), WO 97/13760 (published on Apr. 17, 1997), WO 95/19970 (published on Jul. 27, 1995), US Pat. No. 5,587,458 (issued on Dec. 24, 1996), And US Pat. No. 5,877,305 (issued March 2, 1999), all of which are incorporated by reference. Entirety by which is incorporated herein. ErbB2 receptor inhibitors useful in the present invention are also described in US Patent Application No. 60 / 117,341 (filed January 27, 1999), and US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 117,346 (January 27, 1999). Both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The erbB2 receptor-inhibiting compounds and substances described in the PCT application, US patent, and US provisional patent application referred to above, as well as other compounds and substances that inhibit the erbB2 receptor, are combined with the compounds of formula 1 according to the present invention. Can be used.
[0119]
The compounds of Formula 1 may also be used to treat other substances useful for treating abnormal cell proliferation or cancer, such as but not limited to substances that can enhance an anti-tumor immune response, such as CTLA4 (cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen) antibodies. , And other substances that can block CTLA4; and antiproliferative substances such as farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors. Specific CTLA4 antibodies that can be used in the present invention include those described in US Provisional Patent Application 60 / 113,647 (filed December 23, 1998), which is incorporated by reference in its entirety, but other CTLA4 antibodies may also be used. Can be used in the present invention.
[0120]
The compound of formula 1 can also be administered in a method for inhibiting abnormal cell growth in a mammal in combination with radiation therapy. Techniques for administering radiation therapy are known in the art, and these techniques can be used in the treatment of combinations described herein. Administration of the compounds of the invention in this combination therapy can be determined as described herein.
[0121]
A cdk5 inhibitor, eg, a compound of Formula 1, can also be administered with a COX-II inhibitor to treat Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, or age-related cognitive decline. Specific examples of COX-II inhibitors useful in this aspect of the invention are given above, where the use of a COX-II inhibitor in combination with a compound of formula 1 for the treatment of abnormal cell proliferation Is described. An effective amount of a cdk5 inhibitor, eg, a COX-II inhibitor in combination with a compound of Formula 1, can usually be determined by one skilled in the art. The recommended effective daily dose range for a COX-II inhibitor in combination with a cdk5 inhibitor is about 0.1 to about 25 mg / kg body weight. An effective daily amount of a cdk5 inhibitor is about 0.0001 to about 10 mg / kg body weight. In some cases, the amount of COX-II inhibitor and / or cdk5 inhibitor when combined is the same desired in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, or age-related cognitive decline. May be less than required based on individual criteria to achieve the desired effect.
[0122]
A cdk5 inhibitor, eg, a compound of Formula 1, can also be administered in combination with an NK-1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of depression or anxiety. NK-1 receptor antagonists such as those listed herein can antagonize the NK-1 receptor, thereby inhibiting tachykinin-mediated responses, such as those mediated by substance P It is a substance. A variety of NK-1 receptor antagonists are known in the art, and any such NK-1 receptor antagonist may be used in combination with a cdk5 inhibitor, eg, a compound of formula 1, as described above. Can be used in the present invention. NK-1 receptor antagonists are, for example, US Pat. No. 5,716,965 (issued February 10, 1998); US Pat. No. 5,852,038 (issued December 22, 1998); WO 90/05729 (International Publication). US Patent 5,807,867 (issued September 15, 1998); US Patent 5,886,009 (issued March 23, 1999); US Patent 5,939,433 (Issued August 17, 1999); US Patent 5,773,450 (issued June 30, 1998); US Patent 5,744,480 (issued April 28, 1998); US Patent 5,232, 929 (issued August 3, 1993); US Patent 5,332,817 (issued July 26, 1994); US Patent 5,122,525 (issued June 16, 1992); , 843,966 (issued December 1, 1998); US Patent 5,703,240 (issued December 30, 1997); US Patent 5,719,147 (issued February 17, 1998); It is described in Patent 5,637,699 (issued on June 10, 1997). Each of the aforementioned US patents and the aforementioned published PCT international applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. The compounds described in the above literature having NK-1 receptor antagonistic activity can be used in the present invention. However, other NK-1 receptor antagonists can also be used in the present invention.
[0123]
An effective amount of an NK-1 receptor antagonist when combined with a cdk5 inhibitor, eg, a compound of Formula 1, can usually be determined by one skilled in the art. The recommended effective daily dose range for an NK-1 receptor antagonist when combined with a cdk5 inhibitor is from about 0.07 to about 21 mg / kg body weight. In some cases, the amount of NK-1 receptor antagonist and / or cdk5 inhibitor when combined is on an individual basis to achieve the same desired effect in the treatment of depression or anxiety. May be less than required on the basis.
[0124]
The present invention also provides a cdk5 inhibitor, such as a compound of formula 1, for the treatment of depression or anxiety1DCombinations with receptor antagonists are provided. 5HT as listed in this specification1DReceptor antagonists are the serotonin receptor 5HT.1DIt is a substance that antagonizes this subtype. Any such substance can be used in the present invention as described above in combination with a cdk5 inhibitor, eg, a compound of Formula 1. 5HT1DSubstances having receptor antagonistic activity are WO98 / 14433 (International publication date: April 9, 1998); WO97 / 36867 (International publication date: October 9, 1997); WO94 / 21619 (International publication date: September 1994) U.S. Patent 5,510,350 (issued April 23, 1996); U.S. Patent 5,358,948 (issued October 25, 1994); and GB 2276162 A (published September 21, 1994). It is described in. These 5HT1DReceptor antagonists and others can also be used in the present invention. The foregoing published patent applications and patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
[0125]
cdk5 inhibitor, eg 5HT1 when combined with a compound of formula 1D An effective amount of a receptor antagonist can usually be determined by one skilled in the art. 5HT1 when combined with a cdk5 inhibitorD The effective daily dose range recommended for receptor antagonists is from about 0.01 to about 40 mg / kg body weight. An effective daily dose of a cdk5 inhibitor is about 0.0001 to about 10 mg / kg body weight. In some cases, 5HT1 when combinedD The amount of receptor antagonist and / or cdk5 inhibitor may be less than required based on individual criteria to achieve the same desired effect in the treatment of depression or anxiety .
[0126]
The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating depression or anxiety in mammals comprising a cdk5 inhibitor, such as a compound of formula 1, and an SSRI. Examples of SSRIs that may be combined with cdk5 inhibitors, such as compounds of Formula 1 and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in a method or pharmaceutical composition include, but are not limited to, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and fluvoxamine. Other SSRIs may be combined with or administered with a cdk5 inhibitor, such as a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Other antidepressant and / or anxiolytic agents that can be combined with or administered with a cdk5 inhibitor, eg, a compound of Formula 1, include WELLBUTRIN, SERZONE, and EFFEXOR.
[0127]
An effective amount of SSRI when combined with a cdk5 inhibitor, eg, a compound of Formula 1, can usually be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. The recommended effective daily dose range for SSRIs in combination with a cdk5 inhibitor is about 0.01 to about 500 mg / kg body weight. An effective daily dose of a cdk5 inhibitor is usually about 0.0001 to about 10 mg / kg body weight. In some cases, the amount of SSRI and / or the amount of cdk5 inhibitor when combined is required based on individual criteria to achieve the same desired effect in the treatment of depression or anxiety. There may be less than what is done.
[0128]
A cdk5 inhibitor, such as a compound of formula 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is achieved or facilitated by one or more antipsychotic agents, such as dopaminergic agents, and the treatment alters dopamine neurotransmission. Sometimes combined for the treatment of possible diseases or symptoms such as schizophrenia. An example of an antipsychotic that may be combined with the compounds of the present invention is ziprasidone (5- (2- (4- (1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl) -1-piperazinyl) ethyl) -6- Chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one; US Pat. No. 4,831,031 and US Pat. No. 5,312,925; Olanzapine (2-methyl-4- (4-methyl-1-piperazinyl-) 10H-thieno (2,3b) (1,5) benzodiazepine; U.S. Pat. No. 4,115,574 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,229,382); Risperidone (3- [2- [4- (6-fluoro-1,2, -Benzisoxazol-3-yl) -1-piperidinyl] ethyl] 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4H-pyrido [1,2-a] pyrimidin-4-one; rice Patent 4,804,663); L-745870 (3- (4- (4-chlorophenyl) piperazin-1-yl) methyl-1H-pyrrolo (2,3-b) pyridine; US Pat. No. 5,432,177) Sonepiperazole (S-4- (4- (2- (isochroman-1-yl) ethyl) piperazin-1-yl) benzenesulfonamide; US Pat. No. 5,877,317); RP 62203 (phananserin; 2- ( 3- (4- (4-fluorophenyl) -1-piperazinyl) propyl) naphtho (1,8-c, d) isothiazole-1,1-dioxide; US Pat. No. 5,021,420); NGD 941 (US Patent 5,633,376 and US Pat. No. 5,428,165); Balapperidone ((1α, 5α, 6α) -3- (2- (6- (4-fluorophenyl)- -Azabicyclo (3.2.0) hept-3-yl) ethyl) -2,4 (1H, 3H) -quinazolinedione; US Pat. No. 5,475,105); Fresinoxane ((+)-4-fluoro-N -[2- [4-5- (2-hydroxymethyl-1,4-benzodioxanyl)]-1-piperazinyl] ethyl] benzamide; U.S. Pat. No. 4,833,142); and gepirone (4,4- Dimethyl-1- (4- (4- (2-pyrimidinyl) -1-piperazinyl) butyl) -2,6-piperidinedione; U.S. Pat. No. 4,423,049) Patents listed above in this paragraph Each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety The effective daily dose of a cdk inhibitor is usually from about 0.0001 to about 10 mg / kg body weight, a cdk5 inhibitor, eg, a compound of formula 1 The amount of any antipsychotics mentioned above to be considered to be used in combination with is an amount that is known in the art to be useful for treating mental symptoms. However, in some cases, the amount of antipsychotic drug and / or the amount of cdk5 inhibitor when combined is an individual criterion for achieving the same desired effect in the treatment of depression or anxiety. May be less than required. Furthermore, it should be understood that the present invention also encompasses combining cdk5 inhibitors, such as compounds of formula 1, with antipsychotic or dopaminergic drugs other than those listed above.
[0129]
The recommended amount for Sonepiperazole in the above combination with a cdk5 inhibitor, eg a compound of Formula 1, is about 0.005 to about 50 mg / kg of patient body weight / day. The recommended amount of RP62203 in such a combination is about 0.20 to about 6 mg / kg of patient weight / day. The recommended amount of NGD941 in such a combination is about 0.1 to about 140 mg / kg of patient weight / day. The recommended amount of balaperidone in such combinations is from about 1 to about 100 mg / kg body weight / day. The recommended flesinoxane in such a combination is about 0.02 to about 1.6 mg / kg body weight / day. The recommended amount for gepirone in such combinations is about 0.01 to about 2 mg / kg body weight / day, preferably about 0.05 to about 100 mg / kg body weight / day. The recommended amount of L-745870 in such a combination is about 0.01 to about 250 mg / kg body weight / day, preferably about 0.05 to about 100 mg / kg body weight / day. The recommended amount of risperidone in such a combination is about 0.05 to about 50 mg / kg body weight / day. The recommended amount of olanzapine in such a combination is about 0.0005 to about 0.6 mg / kg body weight / day. The recommended amount of ziprasidone in such a combination is about 0.05 to about 10 mg / kg body weight / day. However, in some cases for each of the aforementioned combinations, the amount of each specific component in the combination is based on individual criteria to achieve the same desired effect in the treatment of mental symptoms. May be less than required.
[0130]
The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition and method for treating Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, or age-related cognitive decline, comprising a cdk5 inhibitor, such as a compound of formula 1, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition What comprises an agent is provided. Acetylcholinesterase is known in the art, and any such acetylcholinesterase inhibitor can be used in the pharmaceutical compositions or methods described above. Examples of acetylcholinesterases that can be used in the present invention are: ARICEPT (donepezil; US Pat. No. 4,895,841); EXELON (rivastigmine ((S)-[N-ethyl-3- [1- (dimethylamino) ethyl] phenyl) Carbamate); US Pat. No. 5,603,176 and US Pat. No. 4,948,807); metrifonate ((2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl) phosphonic acid dimethyl ester; US Pat. No. 2,701,225) And US Pat. No. 4,950,658); Galantamine (US Pat. No. 4,663,318); Physostigmine (Forest, USA); Tacrine (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-acridinamine; US Pat. No. 4,816) , 456); Huperzine A (5R- (5α, 9β, 11E))-5-amino- 1-ethylidene-5,6,9,10-tetrahydro-7-methyl-5,9-methanecycloocta (b) pyridin-2- (1H) -one); and icopezil (5,7-dihydro -3- (2- (1- (phenylmethyl) -4-piperidinyl) ethyl) -6H-pyrrolo (3,2-f) -1,2-benzisoxazol-6-one; US Pat. No. 5,750 542 and WO 92/17475). The patents and patent applications listed above in this paragraph are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0131]
An effective amount of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor when combined with a cdk5 inhibitor, eg, a compound of Formula 1, can usually be determined by one skilled in the art. The recommended effective daily range for an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor when combined with a cdk5 inhibitor is from about 0.01 to about 10 mg / kg body weight. An effective daily dose of a cdk5 inhibitor is about 0.0001 to about 10 mg / kg body weight. In some cases, the amount of acetylcholinesterase and / or the amount of cdk5 inhibitor when combined has the same desired effect in treating Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, or age-related cognitive decline. May be less than required based on individual criteria to achieve.
[0132]
The invention also includes Huntington's disease, stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple cerebral infarction dementia, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pain, virus-induced dementia such as AIDS-induced dementia, bacterial infection Neurodegeneration, migraine, hypoglycemia, urinary incontinence, cerebral ischemia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's type senile dementia, mild cognitive impairment, age-related cognitive decline, Treats vomiting, cortical basal ganglia degeneration, fist dementia, Down's syndrome, muscular dystrophy, Niemann-Pick disease, Pick's disease, confounded prion disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, inferior lateral sclerosis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis To do so, it is provided to combine a cdk5 inhibitor with a neuroprotective agent, such as an NMDA receptor antagonist. Examples of NMDA receptor antagonists that can be used in the present invention include (1S, 2S) -1- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2- (4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl) -1-propanol ( US Pat. No. 5,272,160), eliprozil (US Pat. No. 4,690,931), and gavesteinel (US Pat. No. 5,373,018). In addition, other NMDA receptor antagonists that can be used in the present invention are US Pat. No. 5,373,018; US Pat. No. 4,690,931; US Pat. No. 5,272,160; US Pat. No. 5,185,343; U.S. Pat. No. 5,744,483; WO 97/23216; WO 97/23215; WO 96/37214; WO 96/37222; WO 96/06081; WO 97/23458; WO 97/32581; No. 08 / 292,651 (filed Aug. 18, 1994). Each of the foregoing patents and patent applications is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0133]
An effective daily dose of a cdk5 inhibitor when combined with an NMDA receptor antagonist is usually about 0.0001 to about 10 mg / kg body weight. The amount of NMDA receptor antagonist contemplated for use in combination with a cdk5 inhibitor, eg, a compound of Formula 1, for the treatment of any of the aforementioned diseases, eg, Alzheimer's disease, is typically about 0.02 mg / kg / kg. Within the range of day to about 10 mg / kg / day. However, in some cases, the amount of NMDA antagonist and / or the amount of cdk5 inhibitor when combined is required based on individual criteria to achieve the same desired effect in the treatment of the disorder. There may be less than what is done.
[0134]
The present invention also provides for combining cdk5 inhibitors with certain substances that can treat stroke or traumatic brain injury, such as TPA, NIF, or potassium channel modulators, such as BMS-204352. Such combinations are useful for treating neurodegenerative disorders such as stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple cerebral infarct dementia, epilepsy, pain, Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia and the like.
[0135]
Effective amounts of the compounds of the invention and other materials for the therapeutic and pharmaceutical compositions of the combinations described above are generally known to the effective amounts of the compounds described herein and other materials known in the art. Alternatively, it may be determined by one skilled in the art based on what is already described, for example, the quantities listed in the patents and patent applications listed above which are incorporated herein. Formulations and routes of administration for such treatments and compositions are combined with the information and compositions described herein for compositions and treatments comprising the compounds of the invention as the sole active agent. May be based on information provided about other substances.
[0136]
Specific compounds of Formula 1 that inhibit cdk2, cdk5, or GSK-3 can be determined using biological assays known to those of skill in the art, such as those described below.
[0137]
The specific activity of the compound of formula 1 for inhibition of cdk5 or cdk2 can be confirmed, for example, by the following assay using materials available to those skilled in the art.
[0138]
Enzymatic activity can be assayed as the incorporation of [33P] from the gamma phosphate of [33P] ATP (Amersham, cat. No. AH-9968) into the biotinylated peptide substrate PKTPKKAKKL. In such an assay, the reaction is 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0; 10 mM MgCl.2 0.1 mM NaThree UOFour And in a buffer containing 1 mM DTT. The final concentration of ATP is about 0.5 μM (final specific activity 4 μCi / nmol) and the final concentration of substrate is 0.75 μM. Reactions that are inhibited by the addition of either cdk5 and activated protein p25 or cdk2 and activated cyclin E can be performed at room temperature for about 60 minutes. The reaction was performed using 0.6 times the amount of SPA beads (Amersham cat. No.) Coated with 2.5 mM EDTA (as final concentration), 0.05% Triton-X100, 100 μM ATP, and 1.25 mg / ml streptavidin. Stopped by the addition of a buffer containing RPNQ 0007). The radioactivity associated with the beads is quantified by a scintillation counter.
[0139]
The specific activity of the compound of Formula 1 for inhibition of GSK-3 can be determined in both cell-free and cell-based assays, both described in the art (eg, WO 99/65897). Cell-free assays typically involve GSK-3 and peptide substrates, radiolabeled ATP (eg, γ33P- or γ32P-ATP. Both are available from Amersham, Arlington Heights, Illinois), magnesium ions, and compounds to be assayed. The mixture is incubated for a period of time during which the radiolabeled phosphate is incorporated into the peptide substrate by GSK-3 activity. The reaction mixture typically removes unreacted radiolabeled ATP after first transferring all or part of the enzyme reaction mixture to a well containing a homogeneous amount of ligand capable of binding to the peptide substrate. To be washed. Remaining in each well after washing33P or32The amount of P is subsequently quantified to determine the amount of radiolabeled phosphate incorporated into the peptide substrate. Inhibition is observed as a decrease in incorporation of radiolabeled phosphate into the peptide substrate as compared to the control. An example of a GSK-3 peptide substrate suitable for the assay is the SGSG binding CREB peptide sequence derived from CREB DNA binding protein described in Wang, et al., Anal. Biochem., 220: 397-402 (1994). GSK-3 purified for the assay is obtained from cells transfected with a human GSK-3β expression plasmid, as described, for example, in Stambolic, et al., Current Biology 6: 1664-68 (1996). Obtainable. WO 99/65897; Wang et al., And Stambolic et al., Are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0140]
Another example of a GSK-3 assay similar to that described above is as follows: gamma phosphorus of [33P] ATP (Amersham, cat. No. AH-9968) into the biotinylated peptide substrate PKTPKKAKKL It can be assayed as [33P] incorporation from the acid salt. In such an assay, the reaction is 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0; 10 mM MgCl.2 0.1 mM NaThree UOFour And in a buffer containing 1 mM DTT. The final concentration of ATP is about 0.5 μM (final specific activity 4 μCi / nmol) and the final concentration of substrate is 0.75 μM. Reactions that are inhibited by the addition of either cdk5 and activated protein p25 or cdk2 and activated cyclin E can be performed at room temperature for about 60 minutes. The reaction was performed using 0.6 times the amount of SPA beads (Amersham cat. No.) Coated with 2.5 mM EDTA (as final concentration), 0.05% Triton-X100, 100 μM ATP, and 1.25 mg / ml streptavidin. Stopped by the addition of a buffer containing RPNQ 0007). The radioactivity associated with the beads is quantified by a scintillation counter.
[0141]
ICs that inhibit phosphorylation of less than about 50 μM of peptide substrate when all of the title compounds of the following examples are assayed for cdk5 inhibitors according to the assay described above.50Have
[0142]
Some of the title compounds in the examples below are assayed for GSK-3 inhibition using an assay as described above, and all tested are for inhibition of GSK-3β less than about 50 μM. IC50Had.
[0143]
The following examples illustrate the invention. However, it is to be understood that the invention is not intended to be limited by the details of the following examples, as fully described herein and listed in the claims.
[0144]
Example
Preparation 1
1-cyclobutyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole
1,4-dinitroimidazole (237 mg, 1.5 mmol, J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 5009-5015) was added to a cyclobutylamine (107 mg, 1.5 mmol) / methanol (10 mL) solution at 23 ° C. . The reaction mixture was stirred (6 hours followed by removal of the solvent in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (1: 1 hexane-ethyl acetate) to yield 230 mg (92% yield) of 1- Cyclobutyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole was given; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDClThree ) Δ 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 4.64 (m, 1H), 2.6 (m, 2H), 2.4 (m, 2H), 2.0 ( m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 168.2 (M + H)+.
Note: 1,4-dinitroimidazole is a high energy metastable material and should always be stored in a freezer when not in use. Thermodynamic measurements show that it can potentially produce enough energy to explode vigorously at 35 ° C. under adiabatic conditions. Extreme care should always be used when using this material.
[0145]
Preparation 2
1-cyclopentyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole
The reaction is performed with cyclopentylamine and 1,4-dinitroimidazole using the procedure of Preparation 1, which yields 205 mg (75% yield) of 1-cyclopentyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDClThree ) Δ 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 4.49 (m, 1H), 2.25 (m, 2H), 2.0-1.7 (m, 6H); MS (AP / Cl): 182.2 (M + H)+.
[0146]
Preparation 3
4-Nitro-1- (cis-3-phenyl-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazole
This reaction was carried out for Preparation 1 with cis-3-phenylcyclobutylamine (J. Med. Pharm. Chem 1960, 2, 687-691; ACIEE 1981, 20, 879-880) and 1,4-dinitroimidazole. This yielded 46 mg (46% yield) of 4-nitro-1- (cis-3-phenyl-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazole; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDClThree ) Δ 7.9 (s, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.4-7.2 (m, 5H), 4.73 (m, 1H), 3.48 (m, 1H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 2.54 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 244 (M + H)+.
[0147]
Example 1
N- (1-cyclobutyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) -2-quinolin-6-yl-acetamide
To a Parr hydrogenation bottle was added 1-cyclobutyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole (preparation 1,150 mg, 0.9 mmol) and ethyl acetate (10 mL) followed by 10% Pd-carbon (250 mg). The reaction mixture was placed in a Parr hydrogenation bottle apparatus and reacted at 23 ° C. and 50 psi for 6 hours. The contents of the bottle were rinsed with a nitrogen atmosphere in a flame-dried flask using filtered rice through a simple pad of Celite and dry methylene chloride (25 mL). EtThree N (626 μL, 4.5 mmol) was added and the reaction was cooled to −10 ° C. 6-Quinolylacetic acid (168 mg, 0.9 mmol) and tripropylphosphonic anhydride (530 μL, 1.7 M solution / acetic acid) were subsequently added and the mixture was stirred at −10 ° C. for 2 hours. The solution was diluted with methylene chloride (50 mL) and washed with water (2 ×). The aqueous phase was extracted with methylene chloride (3 ×) and the organic phases were combined and washed with salt solution (1 ×). The solvent was removed in vacuo, the residue was adsorbed onto silica gel and chromatographed using a Biofage Flash 12 system with a SIM attachment (40: 1 methylene chloride-methanol), thereby yielding 130 mg (47% yield). N- (1-Cyclobutyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) -2-quinolin-6-yl-acetamide (title compound) was produced; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDClThree ) Δ 9.48 (s, 1H), 8.87 (dd, J = 1.6, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (m, 2H), 7.76 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J = 2.0, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (m, 1H), 7.25 ( d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.5 (m, 1H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 2.4 (m, 2H), 2.3 (m, 2H), 1.85 (M, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 307.1 (M + H)+.
[0148]
Example 2
N- (1-cyclopentyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) -2- (4-methoxy-phenyl) -acetamide
The procedure for Example 1 was carried out using p-methoxy-phenylacetic acid and 1-cyclopentyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole (Preparation 2), whereby N- (1-cyclopentyl-1H-imidazole- 4-yl) -2- (4-methoxy-phenyl) -acetamide was prepared in 32% yield (26.5 mg); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDClThree ) Δ 8.54 (s, 1H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 7.24 (m, 2H), 6.87 (d, J = 1.7 Hz), 4.36 (m, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.64 (s, 2H), 2.1 (m, 2H), 1.8 (m, 4H), 1.6 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl ): 300.3 (M + H)+.
[0149]
Example 3
N- [1- (cis-3-phenyl-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazole-4- Yl] -2-quinolin-6-yl-acetamide
The procedure of Example 1 was carried out using 6-quinolylacetic acid and 4-nitro-1- (cis-3-phenylcyclobutyl) -1H-imidazole (Preparation 3), whereby N- [1- (cis- 3-Phenyl-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] -2-quinolin-6-yl-acetamide was prepared in 38% yield; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDClThree ) Δ 8.93 (m, 1H), 8.12 (m, 2H), 7.79 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (m, 1H), 7.55 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J = 4.3, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.22 (m, 5H), 4.57 (m, 1H), 3 .96 (s, 2H), 3.33 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 2.49 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 383.0 (M + H)+.
[0150]
Example 4
(1-Cyclobutyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) -carbamic acid phenyl ester
A Parr hydrogenation bottle was charged with 1-cyclobutyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole (preparation 1.3 g, 18 mmol) and ethyl acetate (70 mL), followed by 10% Pd-carbon (1.2 g) in a nitrogen atmosphere. And filling. Mix the mixture with 50 psi H2 And hydrogenated at 23 ° C. for 6 hours. The mixture was then filtered through a pad of celite rinsed with methylene chloride (140 mL) into a flame-dried flask. The resulting solution was cooled to −78 ° C. and diisopropylethylamine (2.3 g, 18 mmol) was added followed by phenyl chloroformate (2.5 g, 16.2 mmol) dropwise. After 30 minutes, methanol containing acetic acid (1.8 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel, which was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and washed with water (2 ×). The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 × 10 mL). The organic phases are combined, this is washed with salt solution (2 ×) and then dried (MgSO 4).Four ), Filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was adsorbed onto silica gel and purified by silica gel chromatography (1: 1 hexane-ethyl acetate), thereby 3 g (65% yield) of (1-cyclobutyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) -Carbamic acid phenyl ester formed; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDClThree ) 7.4-7.3 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.18 (m, 3H), 4.5 (m, 1H), 2.46-2.30 (m, 4H), 1 .83 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 258.2 (M + H)+.
[0151]
Example 5
1- (1-Cyclobutyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) -3-isoquinolin-5-yl-urea
To one drum vial with septum and screw cap, (1-cyclobutyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) -carbamic acid phenyl ester (Example 4, 50 mg, 0.19 mmol), 5-aminoisoquinoline (30 mg, 0 .21 mmol), and 1: 1 dioxane-DMF (1 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at 70 ° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was adsorbed onto silica gel and purified by silica gel chromatography (40: 1 chloroform-methanol), whereby 30 mg (52% yield) of 1- (1-cyclobutyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) ) -3-Isoquinolin-5-yl-urea; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) [delta] 9.21 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.45 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.98. (D, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (dd, J = 2.3, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (m, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7 .12 (brs, 1H), 4.66 (m, 1H), 2.5-2.3 (m, 4H), 1.9 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 308.0 ( M + H)+.
[0152]
Preparation 4
N- [1- (cis-3-azido-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] -2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetamide
Stage 1
3-Benzyloxycyclobutylamine (43.4 mg, 24.5 mmol, Chem. Ber. 1957, 90, 1424-1432) was dissolved in methanolic hydrogen chloride (saturated, 450 mL) followed by 10% Pd-carbon. (4 g) was added. Mix the mixture with 50 psi H2 For 6 hours. The mixture was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give about 35 mg of oil. The oil was dissolved in methanol (600 mL), cooled to 0 ° C. and treated with potassium hydroxide (13.7 g, 245 mmol). When the pH was 10, 1,4-dinitroimidazole (42.7 g, 270 mmol) / methanol (200 mL) solution (prepared by dissolving 1,4-dinitroimidazole in methanol at 0 ° C.) was added (Note: 1,4-dinitroimidazole is a high energy metastable material and should always be stored in a freezer when not in use. Thermodynamic measurements show that it can potentially produce enough energy to explode vigorously at 35 ° C. under adiabatic conditions. Extreme care should always be taken when using this material). The resulting orange suspension was gradually warmed to 23 ° C. overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by passing through a large plug of silica gel (20: 1 chloroform-methanol), thereby 19 g (42% yield) of 3- (4-nitro -Imidazole-1-yl) -cyclobutanol formed as a 1: 1 mixture of cis-trans isomers; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) δ 8.29 (s, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 5.02 (m, 1H), 4.53 (M, 1H), 4.37 (m, 1H), 4.10 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 2.7 (m, 2H), 2.5 (m, 2H) , 2.3 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 184.0 (M + H)+.
[0153]
Stage 2
3- (4-Nitro-imidazol-1-yl) -cyclobutanol (Preparation 4, Step 1; 4 g, 22 mmol) was added to Et.Three N (7.7 mL, 55 mmol) / methylene chloride (150 mL), followed by p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (TsCl) (5 g, 26.4 mmol) and 4-N, N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) (268 mg, 2. 2 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. Analysis by thin layer chromatography showed two new spots. The reaction mixture was diluted with methylene chloride and washed with water (1 ×) and brine (1 ×). Dehydrate organic layer (MgSoFour ), Filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by silica gel chromatography (1: 1 to 2: 1 hexane-ethyl acetate) allowed the separation of the trans and cis diastereomers. The first spot eluted (high Rf) is the trans isomer of trans-toluene-4-sulfonic acid 3- (4-nitro-imidazol-1-yl) -cyclobutyl ester (2.7 g, 37% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDClThree ) Δ 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.77 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J = 0.5, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 5.034 (m, 1H), 4.94 (m, 1H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 2.7 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 338.1 ( M + H)+. The second spot eluted is the yield of the cis isomer, cis-toluene-4-sulfonic acid 3- (4-nitro-imidazol-1-yl) -cyclobutyl ester (2.9 g, 39%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDClThree ) Δ7.8 (m, 3H), 7.43 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J = 0.6, 8.5 Hz, 2H), 4.74 (m, 1H), 4.30 (m, 1H), 3.05 (m, 2H), 2.6-2.5 (m, 2H), 2.45 (s, 3H); MS (AP / Cl): 338.1 (M + H)+.
The relative composition was determined by the nuclear overhauser effect.
[0154]
Stage 3
Trans-Toluene-4-sulfonic acid 3- (4-nitro-imidazol-1-yl-cyclobutyl ester (Preparation 4, Step 2; 590 mg, 1.75 mmol) was added to 10% Pd-carbon (500 mg) and ethyl acetate. (30 mL) The mixture was mixed with 50 psi H2 For 6 hours at room temperature. The mixture was filtered through celite into a flame-dried flask maintained in a nitrogen atmosphere. EtThree N (1.22 mL, 8.75 mmol) was added followed by 1-naphthylacetic acid (326 mg, 1.75 mmol) and tripropylphosphonic anhydride (1.1 mL, 1.7 M solution / ethyl acetate, 1.75 mmol). It was. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and then diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water and brine. The organic phase was dried, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (50: 1 chloroform-methanol), whereby 600 mg (72% yield) of trans-toluene-4-sulfonic acid-3- [4- (2-naphthalene- 1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl ester resulted; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDClThree ) Δ 7.9 (m, 2H), 7.85 (m, 2H), 7.76 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (m, 2H), 7.42 (m, 2H) ), 7.33 (m, 2H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 4.96 (m, 1H), 4.73 (m, 1H), 2.7 (m, 4H), 2.44 (S, 3H); MS (AP / Cl): 476.2 (M + H)+.
[0155]
Stage 4
Trans-Toluene-4-sulfonic acid 3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl ester (Preparation 4, Step 3; 593 mg, 1.25 mmol) Was mixed with sodium azide (813 mg, 12.5 mmol) in ethanol (15 mL), water (5 mL), and chloroform (5 mL). The mixture was heated at reflux with stirring for 96 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was diluted with water and extracted with methylene chloride. Dehydrate organic phase (MgSOFour ), Filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by silica gel chromatography (50: 1 chloroform-methanol) gave 340 mg (79% yield) of N- [1- (cis-3-azido-cyclobutyl) 1H-imidazol-4-yl] -2-naphthalene- 1-yl-acetamide was generated; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDClThree ) Δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 7.98 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (m, 1H), 7.82 (m, 1H), 7.5 (m, 2H) ), 7.45 (m, 3H), 7.08 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 4.2 (m, 3H), 3.75 (m, 1H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 2.35 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 347.2 (M + H)+.
[0156]
Example 6
N- [1- (cis-3-amino-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] -2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetamide
N- [1- (cis-3-amino-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] -2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetamide (Preparation 4, Step 4; 330 mg, 0.95 mmol) was triphenyl Treated with phosphine (301 mg, 1.15 mmol) / tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) and water (1 mL) at 23 ° C. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (20: 1: 0.5 chloroform-methanol-ammonium hydroxide), whereby 289 mg (95% yield) of N- [1- (cis-3-amino-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] -2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetamide resulted; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) δ 8.05 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.45. (M, 5H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 4.26 (m, 1H), 4.16 (s, 2H), 3.29 (m, 2H), 3.16 (m, 1H) , 2.75 (m, 2H), 2.1 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 321.3 (M + H)+.
[0157]
Example 7a
6-Methyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} amide
The 6-methylpicolinic acid (9.4 mg, 0.07 mmol) / methylene chloride solution was treated with 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (84 mg) and DMAP (2 mg) at 23 ° C. After stirring for 10 minutes, N- [1- (cis-3-amino-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] -2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetamide (Example 6, 20 mg, 0.06 mmol) Was added. The resulting mixture was subsequently stirred for 3 hours. Water was added and the solution was neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is dehydrated (MgSOFour ), Filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Silica gel chromatography (20: 1 CHClThree -MeOH) was purified by 26 mg (95% yield) of 6-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl ] -Cyclobutyl} -amide; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDClThree ) Δ 9.15 (s, 1H), 8.28 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J = 7. 5 Hz, 1 H), 7.97 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.81 (dd, J = 2.4, 6.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.72 (m, 1 H), 7. 5 (m, 5H), 7.2 (m, 1H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 4.45 (m, 1H), 4.25 (m, 1H), 4.18 (s, 2H) ), 2.98 (m, 2H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.40 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 440.3 (M + H)+.
[0158]
Example 7b
1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide
The title compound was prepared as in Example 7a; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) δ 8.06 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (m, 1H), 7.80 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.7 (s, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.5 (m, 6H), 4.44 (m, 1H), 4.32 (m, 1H), 4.18 (s, 2H), 2.9 (m , 2H), 2.45 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 415.3 (M + H)+.
[0159]
Example 7c
The title compound was prepared as in Example 7a; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) [delta] 8.02 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.65. (S, 1H), 7.60 (m, 1H), 7.45 (m, 6H), 7.14 (brs, 1H), 6.71 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4. 4 (m, 1H), 4.32 (m, 1H), 4.17 (s, 2H), 2.93 (m, 2H), 2.5 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 442.3 (M + H)+.
[0160]
Example 7d
3-Methyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} amide
The title compound was prepared as in Example 7a; 1H NMR (CDThree OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.39 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7 .80 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.5 (m, 7H), 4.5 (m, 1H), 4.3 (M, 1H), 4.17 (s, 2H), 2.92 (m, 2H), 2.54 (s, 3H), 2.46 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 440 .3 (M + H)+.
[0161]
Example 7e
2-Pyridin-3-yl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} amide
The title compound was prepared as in Example 7a; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) δ 9.21 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.61 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 8.41 (dd, J = 1.7, 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 8.26 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 7. 9 Hz, 1H), 7.5 (m, 7H), 4.44 (m, 2H), 4.17 (s, 2H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 2.6 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 509.3 (M + H)+.
[0162]
Example 7f
6- {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutylcarbamoyl} -nicotinic acid methyl ester
The title compound was prepared as in Example 7a; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD / CDClThree ) Δ 9.15 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 9.12 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.45 (dd, J = 2.0, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.16 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d , J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (m, 6H), 4.45 (m, 2H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 2.94 (m, 2H), 2.58 ( m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 484.3 (M + H)+.
[0163]
Example 7g
Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide
The title compound was prepared as in Example 7a; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) δ9.23 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 9.03 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.73 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.63 (D, J = 1.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.79 ( d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (m, 6H), 4.44 (m, 2H), 4.16 (s, 2H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 2.56. (M, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 427.3 (M + H)+.
[0164]
Example 7h
N- {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -benzamide
The title compound was prepared as in Example 7a; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) δ 8.05 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (m, 8H), 4.47 (m, 1H), 4.37 (m, 1H), 4.17 (s, 2H), 2.90 ( m, 2H), 2.47 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 425.0 (M + H)+.
[0165]
Example 7i
5-Methyl-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide
The title compound was prepared as in Example 7a; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) [delta] 9.07 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.5 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.85. (D, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (m, 6H), 4.40 (m, 2H), 4.16 (s , 2H), 2.93 (m, 2H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 2.54 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 441.3 (M + H)+.
[0166]
Example 7j
N- {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -isobutyramide
The title compound was prepared as in Example 7a; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) δ 8.01 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.45. (M, 6H), 4.35 (m, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 4.11 (m, 2H), 2.84 (m, 2H), 2.35 (m, 1H) , 2.28 (m, 2H), 1.06 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H); MS (AP / Cl): 391.1 (M + H)+.
[0167]
Example 7k
6-chloro-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide
The title compound was prepared as in Example 7a; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) [delta] 8.07 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (m, 1H), 7.87 (d, J = 7) .9 Hz, 1 H), 7.81 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.61 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.58 (s, 1 H), 7.5 (m , 5H), 4.45 (m, 1H), 4.39 (m, 1H), 4.18 (s, 2H), 2.89 (m, 2H), 2.63 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 460.2, 462.2 (M + H)+.
[0168]
Example 8
Acylation of N- [1- (cis-3-amino-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] -2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetamide (Example 6) with various carboxylic acids and subsequent purification The following procedure was followed: 1 Carboxylic acid (RCO in a screw cap vial of a drum)2 H, 1 equivalent, 0.075 mmol) against N- [1- (cis-3-amino-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] -2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetamide (0.33). Equivalent, 8 mg, 0.025 mmol) / methylene chloride (1 mL) solution was added. Next, PS-carbodiimide (Argonant Technologies, 0.5 eq, 39 mg, 0.038 mmol, 1 mmol / g) was added. The mixture was shaken at 23 ° C. for 24 hours. Note: If the acid was insoluble in methylene chloride, N, N-dimethylformamide (0.5 mL) was added. Each reaction mixture was transferred with methylene chloride (0.5 mL) to a 3 mL SPE cartridge (20 micron frit) with a tare weight of 2 drum vials to recover the solvent. The solvent was pushed through the frit and the polymer was washed with THF (0.5 mL), methylene chloride (0.5 mL), THF (0.5 mL), and methylene chloride (0.5 mL). The solution was concentrated under a stream of nitrogen and the crude product was LCMS (column: 3.9 × 150 mm Waters Symmetry C185 μM; flow = 1.0 ml / min; solvent system: A = 0.1% aqueous TFA; B = acetonitrile; 10-100% linear gradient over 10 minutes). If the desired parent ion (M + H) was observed, the crude reaction mixture was prepared using preparative HPLC (column: 30 × 150 mm Waters Symmetry C) using the appropriate fractions determined by in-line mass spectrometer.18 5 μM; flow = 20 mL / min; solvent system: A = 01% aqueous TFA; B = acetonitrile; 0-100% linear gradient over 15 minutes). The purity of the chromatographed compound was determined by analytical HPLC (column: 2.1 × 150 mm Waters Symmetry C) using UV: 254 nM and a diode array for detection.18 5 μM; flow: 0.5 mL / min; solvent system: A = 0.1% aqueous TFA; B = acetonitrile; 0-100% linear gradient over 10 minutes).
[0169]
The following compounds were prepared by the method described above. Their mass spectrometry data and chromatographic retention times are listed in the table:
Example 8a: Quinoline-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amideExample 8b: 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide
Example 8c: N- {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -2-m-tolyl-acetamide
Example 8d: Pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalate-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide
Example 8e: 2- (3-hydroxy-phenyl) -N- {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -acetamide
[Table 3]
[0170]
Preparation 5
4- {3- [4- (2-Naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutylcarbamoyl} -piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl ester
Stage 1
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid (129 mg, 1 mmol) was treated with sodium hydroxide (80 mg, 2 mmol) in water / dioxane (1: 1, 10 mL). After stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (259 mg, 1 mmol) / dioxane (2 mL) was added dropwise and the reaction solution was stirred for 4 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo and diluted with water. The pH was adjusted to 1 with HCl (1N) and the aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is dehydrated (MgSOFour ), Filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by silica gel chromatography (50: 1: 0.5 chloroform-methanol-acetic acid) gave 340 mg (97% yield) of N-1- (fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl) -4-piperidinylcarboxylic acid 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDClThree ) D7.75 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (m, 2H), 7.30 (m, 2H), 4 .4 (brs, 2H), 4.23 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.9 (brd, 2H), 2.9 (brs, 2H), 2.52 (m, 1H), 1.90 (brs, 2H), 1.62 (brs, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 352.0 (M + H)+.
[0171]
Stage 2
N-1- (fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl) -4-piperidinylcarboxylic acid (Preparation 5, Step 1; 77 mg) / methylene chloride solution was dissolved in 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide. Treated with hydrochloride (84 mg) and DMAP (5 mg). After stirring for 30 minutes, N- [1- (cis-3-amino-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] -2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetamide (Example 6) was added. The resulting mixture was subsequently stirred for 4 hours. Water was added to neutralize the solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is dehydrated (MgSOFour ), Filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by silica gel chromatography (20: 1 chloroform-methanol) gave 101 mg (77% yield) of 4- {3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl. ] -Cyclobutylcarbamoyl} -piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 9H-fluoren-9ylmethyl ester; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) δ 8.0 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (m, 1H), 7.78 (dd, J = 2.07, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d , J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (m, 5H), 7.35 (m, 3H), 7.27 (m, 2H) ), 4.4 (brs, 2H), 4.2 (m, 1H), 4.15 (m, 5H), 2.85 (m, 4H), 2.25 (m, 3H), 1.7 (Brs, 2H), 1.5 (brs, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 654.8 (M + H)+.
[0172]
Example 9
Piperidine-4-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide hydrochloride
4- {3- [4- (2-Naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutylcarbamoyl} -piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl ester (Preparation Product 5, 100 mg, 0.15 mmol) / DMF (5 mL) was treated with piperidine (0.5 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (4: 1: 0.08 chloroform-methanol-ammonium hydroxide) to produce the free base. The free base was treated with diethyl ether and treated with 1N HCl / methanol to give the HCl salt (64 mg, 91% yield) of piperidine-4-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalene- 1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amine hydrochloride was produced; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree (OD) δ 8.01 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (M, 4H), 7.36 (s, 2H), 4.34 (m, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 4.10 (m, 1H), 3.03 (m, 2H) , 2.83 (m, 2H), 2.54 (m, 2H), 2.24 (m, 3H), 1.69 (m, 2H), 1.55 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 432 (M + H)+.
[0173]
Preparation 6
Isoquinolin-5-yl-acetic acid
Stage 1
5-Aminoisoquinoline (5.0 g, 34.7 mmol) was mixed with 48% aqueous HBr (65 mL) at −78 ° C. for 15 minutes. Sodium nitrate (3.1 g, 45 mmol) / water (6 mL) was then added dropwise. After stirring at −78 ° C. for 15 minutes, the mixture was warmed to 0 ° C. Copper powder (0.3 g) was added very slowly to avoid excessive formation. After the addition was complete, the reaction vessel was secured to the reflux condenser and the mixture was heated to 100 ° C. for 4 hours. The mixture was poured onto ice (ca. 200 mg) and made basic (pH = 10) with KOH. The aqueous mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate, the combined organic phases are washed with brine and dried (MgSO4).Four ), Filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by silica gel chromatography (10: 1 hexane-ethyl acetate) produced 3.8 g (53% yield) of 5-bromoisoquinoline; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) δ 9.25 (s, 1H), 8.57 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 8.1 (m, 3H), 7.60 (m, 1H); MS (AP / Cl) : 208.0, 210.0 (M + H)+.
[0174]
Stage 2
5-Bromoisoquinoline (Preparation 6, Step 1, 1.04 g, 5.0 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere with allyltributyltin (1.7 mL, 5.5 mmol) and dichloroperadium bis (triphenylphosphine) ( 176 mg, 0.25 mmol) and mixed in toluene (20 mL). After cooling to room temperature, a saturated aqueous solution of potassium fluoride (20 mL) is added with stirring, resulting in the formation of a precipitate. After stirring for 15 minutes, the mixture was filtered and the organic phase was separated from the aqueous phase, concentrated in vacuo, and generated by silica gel chromatography (6: 1 hexane-ethyl acetate), whereby 178 mg (92% Yield of 5-allylisoquinoline; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDClThree ) Δ 9.25 (s, 1H), 8.54 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (m, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 7 .56 (m, 2H), 6.1 (m, 1H), 5.15 (m, 1H), 5.05 (m, 1H), 3.81 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 170.1 (M + H)+.
[0175]
Stage 3
5-Allylisoquinoline (Preparation 6, Step 2; 169 mg, 1.0 mmol) / methylene chloride (2 mL), acetic acid (0.5 mL), and water (0.5 mL) at 23 ° C. with dimethyl polyethylene glycol (number average molecular weight About 500, 95 μL, 100 mg, 0.2 mmol) / methylene chloride (1 mL). The mixture is cooled to 0 ° C. and powdered KMnOFour (521 mg, 3.3 mmol) was added in portions while maintaining the temperature below 30 ° C. After stirring vigorously for 18 hours, the solvent was removed in vacuo and methanolic hydrogen chloride (10 mL, 1N) was added and the mixture was refluxed for 4 hours. The methanol is removed in vacuo, the residue is diluted with water, and the mixture is washed with Na2 COThree To make basic (pH = 9). The mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate and the resulting organic phase is washed with brine and dried (MgSO4).Four ), Filtered, concentrated in vacuo, and purified by silica gel chromatography (2: 1 hexane-ethyl acetate) to produce isoquinolin-5-yl-acetic acid; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDClThree ) Δ 9.28 (brs, 1H), 8.58 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J = 5. 8 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.06 (s, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H); MS (AP / Cl): 202.1 (M + H)+.
Note: An impurity of 5-isoquinolyl carboxaldehyde was present after silica gel chromatography (about 20%).
[0176]
Stage 4
Isoquinolin-5-yl-acetic acid methyl ester (Preparation 6, Step 3; 90 mg, 0.448 mmol) was treated with sodium hydroxide solution (4N, 3 mL) and the solution was heated at 50 ° C. for 4 h. The solution was cooled to 0 ° C. and acetic acid (2 mL) was added dropwise, thereby forming a precipitate. The mixture was kept at 0 ° C. overnight (about 15 hours) and the precipitate was removed by filtration and washed with water. The solid was air dried to yield 35 mg (49% yield) of isoquinolin-5-yl-acetic acid; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) δ 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.47 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J = 6) .2 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (s, 2H); MS (AP / Cl ): 188.3 (M + H)+.
[0177]
Preparation 7
N- [cis-3- (4-nitro-imidazol-1H-yl) cyclobutylacetamide
Stage 1
Trans-Toluene-4-sulfonic acid 3- (4-nitro-imidazol-1-yl) -cyclobutyl ester (Preparation 1, Step 2; 3.6 g, 10.7 mmol) was added to sodium azide (7 g, 107 mmol). Together with ethanol (100 mL), water (35 mL), and chloroform (20 mL). The mixture was heated at reflux for 24 hours. Ethanol and chloroform were removed in vacuo and the resulting mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is washed with salt solution and dried (MgSOFour ), Filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by silica gel chromatography (1: 1 to 3: 1 ethyl acetate-hexane) yielded 2.2 g (99%) of 1- (3-cis-azido-cyclobutyl) -4-nitro-1H-imidazole; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDClThree ) Δ 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 4.42 (m, 1H), 3.91 (m, 1H), 3.07 (m, 2H), 2.43 ( m, 1H); MS (AP / Cl): 208.5 (M + H)+.
[0178]
Stage 2
1- (3-cis-azido-cyclobutyl) -4-nitro-1H-imidazole (Preparation 7, Step 1; 2.2 g, 10.7 mmol) / THF (100 mL) was added to triphenylphosphine (3.36 g, 12 .8 mmol) and water (10 mL). The solution was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (20: 1: 0.4 chloroform-methanol-ammonium hydroxide) to yield 19.5 g (100% yield) of 1- (3- Cis-amino-cyclobutyl) -4-nitro-1H-imidazole was produced; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) δ 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 4.46 (m, 1H), 3.29 (m, 1H), 2.87 (m, 2H), 2.17 (M, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 183.1 (M + H)+.
[0179]
Stage 3
1- (3-cis-amino-cyclobutyl) -4-nitro-1H-imidazole (Preparation 7, Step 2; 500 mg, 2.75 mmol) was coupled with acetic acid and purified as in Example 7 to obtain 594 mg. (96% yield) of N- [cis-3- (4-nitro-imidazol-1H-yl) cyclobutyl] acetamide was produced; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) δ 8.30 (s, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 4.58 (m, 1H), 4.17 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 2.39. (M, 2H), 1.93 (s, 3H); MS (AP / Cl): 225.1 (M + H)+.
[0180]
Preparation 8
N- [cis-3- (4-nitro-imidazol-1-yl) cyclobutyl] -benzamide
N- [cis-3- (4-nitro-imidazol-1-yl) cyclobutyl] -benzamide was prepared analogously to the product of Preparation 7; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) δ 8.36 (s, 1H), 7.85 (m, 3H), 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.47 (m, 2H), 4.65 (m, 1H), 4.44 (M, 1H), 3.05 (m, 2H), 2.60 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 287.3 (M + H)+.
[0181]
Preparation 9
Pyridine-2-carboxylic acid [cis-3- (4-nitro-imidazol-1-yl) cyclobutyl] -amide
Pyridine-2-carboxylic acid [cis-3- (4-nitro-imidazol-1-yl) cyclobutyl] -amide was prepared similarly to the product of Preparation 7; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDClThree ) 8.55 (m, 1H), 8.35 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7 .88 (td, J = 1.65, 7.92 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.47 (m, 1H), 4.5 (m, 2H), 3.17 (m , 2H), 2.72 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 288.1 (M + H)+.
[0182]
Example 9a
N- [1- (cis-3-acetylamino-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] -2-naphthalen-2-yl-acetamide
N- [cis-3- (4-Nitro-imidazol-1H-yl) cyclobutyl] acetamide (Preparation 7; 50 mg, 0.22 mmol) was hydrogenated as in Example 1 and acylated with 2-naphthylacetic acid, This gave 35 mg (44% yield) of N- [1- (cis-3-acetylamino-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] -2-naphthalen-2-yl-acetamide; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) δ 8.05 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (M, 5H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 4.41 (m, 1H), 4.17 (s, 2H), 4.12 (m, 1H), 2.84 (m, 2H) , 2.27 (m, 2H), 1.89 (s, 3H); MS (AP / Cl): 363.3 (M + H)+.
[0183]
Example 9b
N- {cis-3- [4- (2-isoquinolin-5-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -benzamide
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 9a using Preparation 8 and isoquinolin-5-ylacetic acid (Preparation 6); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) δ 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.45 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (J = 6.2 Hz) , 1H), 7.82 (m, 3H), 7.67 (m, 1H), 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.45 (m, 3H), 4.5 (m, 1H), 4 .4 (m, 1H), 4.21 (s, 2H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 2.50 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 426.3 (M + H)+.
[0184]
Example 9c
Pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-isoquinolin-5-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 9a using Preparation 9 and isoquinolin-5-ylacetic acid (Preparation 6); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) δ 9.23 (s, 1H), 8.60 (m, 1H), 8.44 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (m, 3H), 7.92 (dt, J = 1.7, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (m, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.5 ( m, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 4.45 (m, 1H), 4.40 (m, 1H), 4.20 (s, 2H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 2.6 (m, 2H); MS (AP / Cl): 427.2 (M + H)+.
[0185]
Example 10
N- {cis-3- [4- (3-naphthalen-1-yl) -ureido-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -acetamide
N- [cis-3- (4-nitro-imidazol-1H-yl) cyclobutyl] acetamide (Preparation 7, 50 mg, 0.22 mmol) was reacted with phenyl chloroformate as described in Example 4. This resulted in a mixture of inseparable mono- and bis-phenylcarbamate products dissolved in 1: 1 DMF / dioxane (500 μL) after silica gel chromatography (20: 1: 2 chloroform-methanol-ammonium hydroxide). Generated. 1-Naphthylamine (31 mg, 0.22 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated at 70 ° C. for 16 hours. Two purifications by silica gel chromatography (20: 1: 0.02 chloroform-methanol-ammonium hydroxide) yielded 4.4 mg (5% yield) of N- {cis-3- [4- (3- Naphthalen-1-yl-ureido) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -acetamide; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDThree OD) [delta] 8.06 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.66. (D, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (m, 4H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 4.46 (m, 1H), 4.15 (m, 1H), 2. 89 (m, 2H), 2.33 (m, 2H), 1.92 (s, 3H); MS (AP / Cl): 364.0 (M + H)+.
Claims (4)
ここで、−C(=O)(CR10R11)n −及び−(CR10R11)n −のR10とR11はそれぞれ、上文で列記した様に独立して限定されるnの繰り返しのものである)の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩。formula
Here, R 10 and R 11 in —C (═O) (CR 10 R 11 ) n — and — (CR 10 R 11 ) n — are each independently defined as listed above. Or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
ピリジン−2−カルボン酸{cis−3−〔4−(2−イソキノリン−5−イル−アセチルアミノ)−イミダゾール−1−イル〕−シクロブチル}−アミドから成る群から選択される、請求項1に記載の化合物;又は前記化合物の医薬として許容される塩。N- (1-cyclobutyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) -2-quinolin-6-yl-acetamide; N- (1-cyclopentyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) -2- (4-methoxy-phenyl) N- [1- (cis-3-phenyl-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] -2-quinolin-6-yl-acetamide; (1-cyclobutyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) ) -Carbamic acid phenyl ester; 1- (1-cyclobutyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl) -3-isoquinolin-5-yl-urea; N- [1- (cis-3-amino-cyclobutyl) -1H- Imidazol-4-yl] -2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetamide; 6-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- 4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide; 1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalene-1- Yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide; 6-hydroxy-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazole -1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide; 3-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl } -Amido; 2-Pyridin-3-yl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetyl) Amino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide; 6- {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutylcarbamoyl}- Nicotinic acid methyl ester; pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide; N- {cis-3 -[4- (2-Naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -benzamide; 5-methyl-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2- Naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide; N- {cis-3- [4- (2-naphth Talen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -isobutyramide; 6-chloro-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-) Acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide; quinoline-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl]- 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide; N- {cis -3- [4- (2-Naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -2-m-tolyl-a Cetamide; pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide; 2- (3-hydroxy-phenyl) -N- {cis-3- [4- (2-naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -acetamide; piperidine-4-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-Naphthalen-1-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -amide hydrochloride; N- [1- (cis-3-acetylamino-cyclobutyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl ] -2-Naphthalen-2-yl-acetamide; N- {cis-3- [4- (2-isoquinolin-5-yl-acetylamino) -i Dazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl} -benzamide; and pyridine-2-carboxylic acid {cis-3- [4- (2-isoquinolin-5-yl-acetylamino) -imidazol-1-yl] -cyclobutyl}- 2. A compound according to claim 1 selected from the group consisting of amides; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound.
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