JP4154302B2 - 二成分系現像剤及び現像装置 - Google Patents
二成分系現像剤及び現像装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4154302B2 JP4154302B2 JP2003321744A JP2003321744A JP4154302B2 JP 4154302 B2 JP4154302 B2 JP 4154302B2 JP 2003321744 A JP2003321744 A JP 2003321744A JP 2003321744 A JP2003321744 A JP 2003321744A JP 4154302 B2 JP4154302 B2 JP 4154302B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- developer
- toner
- magnetic
- magnetic toner
- accommodating portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 205
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 116
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 39
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 37
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 37
- -1 and as a result Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 35
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 11
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 5
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 5
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical class C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021506 iron(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-dicarboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 3
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RAPZEAPATHNIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N risperidone Chemical compound FC1=CC=C2C(C3CCN(CC3)CCC=3C(=O)N4CCCCC4=NC=3C)=NOC2=C1 RAPZEAPATHNIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAJRSHJHFRVGMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 UAJRSHJHFRVGMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-cyano-4-methylpentan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(C#N)CC(C)C WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920007962 Styrene Methyl Methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000007869 azo polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- ADFPJHOAARPYLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;styrene Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ADFPJHOAARPYLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002102 polyvinyl toluene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UIYCHXAGWOYNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl sulfide Chemical compound C=CSC=C UIYCHXAGWOYNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QEQBMZQFDDDTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QEQBMZQFDDDTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGAUUQHSCNMCAU-ZXZARUISSA-N (2s,3r)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O GGAUUQHSCNMCAU-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOBYOEQUFMGXBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) (4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)oxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound C1CC(C(C)(C)C)CCC1OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC1CCC(C(C)(C)C)CC1 NOBYOEQUFMGXBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIPYNJLMMFGZSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-benzoylperoxy-2,5-dimethylhexan-2-yl) benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIPYNJLMMFGZSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTLYLLTVENPWFT-UPHRSURJSA-N (Z)-3-aminoacrylic acid Chemical compound N\C=C/C(O)=O YTLYLLTVENPWFT-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLKRGXCGFRXRNQ-SNAWJCMRSA-N (z)-3-carbonoperoxoyl-4,4-dimethylpent-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)/C=C(C(C)(C)C)\C(=O)OO BLKRGXCGFRXRNQ-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORTVZLZNOYNASJ-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-but-2-ene-1,4-diol Chemical compound OC\C=C/CO ORTVZLZNOYNASJ-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLLUAUADIMPKIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C=C)C(C=C)=CC=C21 QLLUAUADIMPKIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDYWHVQKENANGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Butyleneglycol dimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C VDYWHVQKENANGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYMDJPGTQFHDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-ethenoxyethoxy)-2-ethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOC=C AYMDJPGTQFHDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHFHDVDXYKOSKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 WHFHDVDXYKOSKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRJIYMRJTJWVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl 3-(5,5-dimethylhexyl)dioxirane-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCC1(C(=O)OC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)OO1 CRJIYMRJTJWVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPGYCJUCJYUHTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yloxy 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOOC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C DPGYCJUCJYUHTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJABOTZVAHGVAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyclohexylpropan-2-yl)-7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCC(C(=O)OO)C(C)(C)C1CCCCC1 PJABOTZVAHGVAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEMBFTKNPXENSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylpentan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-yl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)OC(O)=O IEMBFTKNPXENSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWLALWYNXFYRGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(CC)CO RWLALWYNXFYRGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKBHBVFIWWDGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoropent-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(Br)=C XKBHBVFIWWDGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHBAYNMEIXUTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound ClCCOC(=O)C=C WHBAYNMEIXUTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTEZVHMDMFEURJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentan-2-yl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C RTEZVHMDMFEURJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZAQRYGCOFSLIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentan-2-yl 2-methylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)C QZAQRYGCOFSLIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMMLZUQDXYPNOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentan-2-yl 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)CCCCCC(C)(C)C YMMLZUQDXYPNOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXDJDZIIPSOZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentan-2-yl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXDJDZIIPSOZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKHJXJWYBPKMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentan-2-yl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)OOC(C)=O NKHJXJWYBPKMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPBWMJBZQXCSFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropanoyl 2-methylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OOC(=O)C(C)C RPBWMJBZQXCSFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVSRVXKRHUGECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylperoxy-3-(2-methylbenzoyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1OOC(C)(C)C VVSRVXKRHUGECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQARUDWASOOSRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylperoxypropan-2-yl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)OC(O)=O BQARUDWASOOSRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIISIZOQPWZPPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylperoxypropan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 BIISIZOQPWZPPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UITKHKNFVCYWNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,4-dicarboxybenzoyl)phthalic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 UITKHKNFVCYWNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFWPZNNZUCPLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-3-methylaniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(N)C=C1C NFWPZNNZUCPLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-fluoro-3-methyl-2h-indazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=C2C(C)=NNC2=C1 JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAOISIQFPPAFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7:0(6Me,6Me) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCC(O)=O AAOISIQFPPAFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100481033 Arabidopsis thaliana TGA7 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001692 EU approved anti-caking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004908 Emulsion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GADGMZDHLQLZRI-VIFPVBQESA-N N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 GADGMZDHLQLZRI-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCC#N RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QBRPPCVQOLMIJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1(CO)CCCC=C1 QBRPPCVQOLMIJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1(CO)CCCCC1 ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVZNDXYQYCDASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2,3-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl] 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(OOC(=O)CCCCCC(C)(C)C)=C1C(C)C JVZNDXYQYCDASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNKQAWPNGDCPTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2,5-dimethyl-5-(3-methylbenzoyl)peroxyhexan-2-yl] 3-methylbenzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C(=O)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 UNKQAWPNGDCPTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOZAQBYNLKNDRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [diacetyloxy(ethenyl)silyl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Si](OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)C=C NOZAQBYNLKNDRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYIKRXIYLAGAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N abcn Chemical compound C1CCCCC1(C#N)N=NC1(C#N)CCCCC1 KYIKRXIYLAGAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous guanidine Natural products NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012164 animal wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- AJTNUOLFTQRAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy] benzene-1,3-dicarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OOOC(C)(C)C)=C1 AJTNUOLFTQRAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-2,3-diol Chemical compound CC(O)C(C)O OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXPLZNMUBFBFIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SXPLZNMUBFBFIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- VTJUKNSKBAOEHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calixarene Chemical compound COC(=O)COC1=C(CC=2C(=C(CC=3C(=C(C4)C=C(C=3)C(C)(C)C)OCC(=O)OC)C=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)OCC(=O)OC)C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1CC1=C(OCC(=O)OC)C4=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1 VTJUKNSKBAOEHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004204 candelilla wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013868 candelilla wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940073532 candelilla wax Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012933 diacyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZZNQQQWFKKTOSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(diphenyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZNQQQWFKKTOSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTARVPUIYXHRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy-methyl-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 OTARVPUIYXHRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(dimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)OC JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHUXYBVKTIBBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(diphenyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 AHUXYBVKTIBBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldiethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)OCC YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVSMKOFFCAJOSC-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;dodecylbenzene;sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 VVSMKOFFCAJOSC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOXXJEVNDJOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-tris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound COCCO[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)C=C WOXXJEVNDJOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol diacrylate Substances C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hentriacontane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSKGMYDENCAJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC RSKGMYDENCAJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011177 media preparation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005641 methacryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)C POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012170 montan wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZARXZEARBRXKMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(ethenyl)aniline Chemical compound C=CN(C=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZARXZEARBRXKMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)aniline Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLYCYWCVSGPDFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SLYCYWCVSGPDFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012165 plant wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940114930 potassium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;octadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical class CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)C BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940067741 sodium octyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940080350 sodium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000776 sodium tetradecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WFRKJMRGXGWHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;octyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O WFRKJMRGXGWHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SMECTXYFLVLAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;pentadecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O SMECTXYFLVLAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UPUIQOIQVMNQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;tetradecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O UPUIQOIQVMNQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HFDCVHDLKUZMDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid titanium Chemical compound [Ti].OS(O)(=O)=O HFDCVHDLKUZMDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLSMLZRPNPCXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)OOOC(C)(C)C DLSMLZRPNPCXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(2-methylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC(C)C XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
また、その第2の目的は、画像面積比率の高い印字画像を連続して行った場合でも現像剤のトナーを十分に帯電することができる二成分系現像剤および現像装置を提供することである。
該現像剤収容部のトナー補給用開口の近傍には、現像スリーブに担持される現像剤量を規制する第2の規制部材が現像スリーブに対向して設けられており、該トナー補給用開口の下面は、該現像スリーブ側に向けて下向きに傾斜するように形成されており、該現像剤収容部における磁性トナー濃度が高い場合には現像剤がトナー補給用開口部に溢れ、該現像剤収容部における磁性トナー濃度が低い場合にはトナー補給用開口から磁性トナーが該現像剤収容部に補給される現像装置に用いる二成分系現像剤において、
該磁性トナーは、少なくとも結着樹脂、離型剤、磁性粉体を有し、重量平均粒径が3〜20μmであり、重量平均粒径/個数平均粒径の比が1.40以下であり、平均円形度が0.970以上であり、鉄及び鉄化合物の遊離率が0.05〜3.00%であることを特徴とするものであり、
請求項8の現像装置においては、内部に磁界発生手段を有する現像スリーブを回転させながら、現像剤収容部内にある、磁性トナーと磁性キャリアとを含む現像剤を、現像剤収容部の現像剤搬送方向下流側にある現像剤規制部材で現像領域に向けての搬送量を規制して搬送するとともに、該現像剤規制部材で阻止された現像剤を収容する現像剤収容部と、該現像剤収容部に現像剤搬送方向上流側から隣接する位置で該現像スリーブ表面に臨む磁性トナー補給用開口を有する磁性トナー収容部とを備え、該現像スリーブ上での現像剤搬送に伴う現像剤の移動により、該現像剤収容部の現像剤の容量に応じて該磁性トナー収容部内の磁性トナーを現像剤収容部に取り込む現像装置であり、
該現像剤収容部のトナー補給用開口の近傍には、現像スリーブに担持される現像剤量を規制する第2の規制部材が現像スリーブに対向して設けられており、該トナー補給用開口の下面は、該現像スリーブ側に向けて下向きに傾斜するように形成されており、該現像剤収容部における磁性トナー濃度が高い場合には現像剤がトナー補給用開口部に溢れ、該現像剤収容部における磁性トナー濃度が低い場合にはトナー補給用開口から磁性トナーが該現像剤収容部に補給され、
該現像剤を構成する磁性トナーは、少なくとも結着樹脂、離型剤、磁性粉体を有し、重量平均粒径が3〜20μmであり、重量平均粒径/個数平均粒径の比が1.40以下であり、平均円形度が0.970以上であり、鉄及び鉄化合物の遊離率が0.05〜3.00%である磁性トナーを用いた現像装置であることを特徴とするものである。
式(1)
円形度(Ci)=(粒子像と同じ投影面積を持つ円の周囲)/(粒子の投影像の周囲長)
鉄及び鉄化合物の遊離率(%)=100×(鉄原子のみの発光回数/
炭素原子と同時に発光した鉄原子の発光回数+鉄原子
のみの発光回数)
RmSiYn (I)
[式中、Rはアルコキシ基を示し、mは1〜3の整数を示し、Yはアルキル基、ビニル基、グリシドキシ基、メタクリル基の如き炭化水素基を示し、nは1〜3の整数を示す。ただし、m+n=4である。]
装置 : 高速GPC HLC8120 GPC(東ソー社製)
カラム: Shodex KF−801、802、803、804、
805、806、807の7連(昭和電工社製)
溶離液: THF
流速 : 1.0ml/min
オーブン温度: 40.0℃
試料注入量 : 0.10ml
<表面処理磁性粉体の製造例1>
硫酸第一鉄水溶液中に、鉄イオンに対して1.0〜1.1当量の苛性ソーダ溶液を混合し、水酸化第一鉄を含む水溶液を調製した。水溶液のpHを9前後に維持しながら、空気を吹き込み、80〜90℃で酸化反応を行い、種晶を生成させるスラリー液を調製した。
表面処理磁性体1のシランカップリング剤を0.5質量部に変更した以外は同様の操作を行い、平均粒径0.22μmの表面処理磁性粉体2を得た。
イオン交換水760gに0.1M−Na3PO4水溶液406gを投入し60℃に加温した後、高撹拌下で、1.0M−CaCl2水溶液61gを添加してリン酸カルシウムを含む水系媒体を得た。
・n−ブチルアクリレート 34質量部
・上記表面処理磁性粉体1 120質量部
・負荷電制御剤:スピロンブラックTRH(保土ヶ谷化学社製) 1.0質量部
・ポリエステル樹脂 10質量部
(プロピレンオキサイド変性ビスフェノールAとイソフタル酸との縮合物、
Tg=65℃、Mw=11000、Mn=6000)
・パラフィンワックス (DSCのメインピーク60℃) 15質量部
上記材料を60℃に加温し、TK式ホモミキサー(特殊機化工業製)を用いて、10000rpmにて均一に溶解、分散した。これに、重合開始剤2,2’−アゾビス(2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)5質量部を溶解し、重合性単量体組成物を調製した。
磁性トナーの製造例1において、表面処理磁性粉体2を使用する以外は、同様にして、磁性トナー2を得た。
磁性トナーの製造例1の水系媒体調製方法で、イオン交換水710質量部に、ハイドロキシアパタイト10%懸濁液(日本化学工業(株)製スーパタイト10)300質量部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.2質量部を均一に溶解、分散したものを使用した以外は、同様にして、磁性トナー3を得た。
・イソフタル酸/フマル酸/無水トリメリット酸/
ビスフェノールAの誘導体からなるポリエステル樹脂 100質量部
(Tg61℃、Mw=18000、Mn=9000)
・表面処理磁性体粉2 60質量部
・負荷電制御剤:スピロンブラックTRH (保土ヶ谷化学社製) 0.5質量部
・パラフィンワックス(DSCのメインピーク60℃) 7.5質量部
上記材料を、酢酸エチル150質量部に投入し、TK式ホモミキサーで60℃,12000rpmで撹拌し、均一に溶解、分散させ、トナー材料溶液を得た。一方、イオン交換水706質量部、ハイドロキシアパタイト10%懸濁液(日本化学工業(株)製スーパタイト10)294質量部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.2質量部を入れ均一に溶解し、ついで60℃に昇温し、TK式ホモミキサーで12000rpmに撹拌しながら、上記トナー材料溶液を投入し10分間撹拌した。ついでこの混合液を撹拌棒および温度計付のコルベンに移し、98℃まで昇温して溶剤を除去し、濾別、洗浄、乾燥した後、風力分級し、磁性トナーを得た。以下磁性トナー製造例1と同様の操作を行い、磁性トナー4を得た。
磁性トナーの製造例3において、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムを使用しなかった以外は、同様にして、磁性トナー5を得た。
磁性トナーの製造例4において、溶剤の除去条件を変更(短時間で溶剤を除去)した以外は、同様にして、磁性トナー6を得た。
・イソフタル酸/フマル酸/無水トリメリット酸/
ビスフェノールAの誘導体からなるポリエステル樹脂 100質量部
(Tg61℃、Mw=18000、Mn=9000)
・表面処理磁性体粉2 60質量部
・負荷電制御剤:スピロンブラックTRH (保土ヶ谷化学社製) 0.5質量部
・パラフィンワックス(DSCのメインピーク60℃) 7.5質量部
上記材料をヘンシェルミキサーにより十分予備混合を行い、二軸押出式混練機により溶融混練し、冷却後ハンマーミルを用いて約1〜2mm程度に粗粉砕し、次いでエアージェット方式による微粉砕機で微粉砕した。得られた微粉砕物を分級した後、磁性トナーの製造例1と同様に外添剤を外添して磁性トナー7を得た。
磁性トナーの製造例1において、重合反応終了後、更に、スチレンモノマー10質量部と過硫酸カリウム0.01質量部を添加し、85℃で5時間反応を継続した。その後、製造例1と同様の操作を行い磁性トナー8を得た。
メチルメタクリレートモノマーを使用し、トルエン溶液中で溶液重合(開始剤アゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.5%)を行ない、Tg103℃,数平均分子量(以下Mn)12万,重量平均分子量(以下Mw)32万,Mw/Mn=2.7の樹脂溶液を得た。この樹脂溶液をさらにトルエンで希釈して固型分10%のレジン溶液を得た。
上記で得られたキャリア(95質量部)と磁性トナー1(5質量部)をV型混合機で混合し、スタート用現像剤1とした。
(1)画像濃度
画像濃度は、SPIフィルターを装着したマクベス社製マクベスデンシトメータRD918タイプ(Macbeth Densitometer RD918manufactured by Mcbeth Co.)を使用して、オリジナル画像濃度1.5でPBSK紙上に形成された画像の4隅、中央の5点平均の相対濃度として測定した。
A:1.40〜1.60
B:1.30〜1.45未満、1.60超〜1.65
C:1.20〜1.35未満、1.65超〜1.70
D:1.20未満、1.70超
オリジナル画像濃度0.3を用いて(1)同様相対濃度として測定した。
A:0.3〜0.4
B:0.25〜0.3未満、0.4超〜0.45
C:0.20〜0.25未満、0.45超〜0.5
D:0.2未満、0.5超
画出し前のPBSK紙の平均反射率Dr(%)をリフレクトメータ(東京電色株式会社製の「REFLECTOMETER MODEL TC−6DS」)によって測定した。一方、PBSK紙上にベタ白画像を画出しし、次いでベタ白画像の反射率Ds(%)を測定した。カブリ(%)は下記式から算出する。
Fog(%)=Dr(%)−Ds(%)
A:0.4%未満
B:0.4〜0.8%未満
C:0.8〜1.2%未満
D:1.2%以上
オリジナル画像濃度1.5を用いて(1)同様5点の相対濃度を測定し、最大濃度差として測定した。
A:0.0〜0.05未満
B:0.05〜0.15未満
C:0.15〜0.25未満
D:0.25以上
磁性トナー2に代える以外は実施例1と同様にして二成分系現像剤を製造し、画出しを行ない評価した。結果を表2、3に示した。実用上問題無いレベルであるが高温高湿下で若干のカブリ悪化が認められた。これは、鉄/鉄化合物の遊離率がやや高いことによる帯電量低下によるものと推察される。
磁性トナー3に代える以外は実施例1と同様にして二成分系現像剤を製造し、画出しを行ない評価した。結果を表2、3に示した。実用上問題無いレベルであるが、両環境ともにカブリ及びハーフトーン再現性が若干悪化した。これは、トナーの粒度分布が若干ブロードとなったため、帯電量分布がブロードになったためと推察される。
磁性トナー4に代える以外は実施例1と同様にして二成分系現像剤を製造し、画出しを行ない評価した。結果を表2、3に示した。実用上問題無いレベルであるが、両環境ともにべた均一性が若干悪化した。これは、真球状トナーの割合が減ったことによる帯電性の若干の低下によるものと推察される。
磁性トナー5に代える以外は実施例1と同様にして二成分系現像剤を製造し、画出しを行ない評価した。結果を表2、3に示した。実用上問題無いレベルであるが、両環境ともに画像濃度とハーフトーン再現性の低下が認められた。これは、重量平均径がやや大きいために、潜像を忠実に再現しにくくなったことと、現像剤中の磁性トナー粒子の数が減少したためと推察される。
磁性トナー8に代える以外は実施例1と同様にして二成分系現像剤を製造し、画出しを行ない評価した。結果を表2、3に示した。特に低温低湿下において、著しい画像濃度低下とべた均一性の低下が認められた。これは、鉄/鉄化合物の遊離率が低いために磁性トナーがチャージアップしたためと推察される。
磁性トナー6に代える以外は実施例1と同様にして二成分系現像剤を製造し、画出しを行ない評価した。結果を表2、3に示した。各環境ともに、カブリや、べた均一性が著しく劣り、特に高温高湿下においては著しいトナー飛散が認められた。これは、トナー形状による流動性低下に起因する現像剤への磁性トナー取り込み不良が発生したためと推察される。
磁性トナー7に代える以外は実施例1と同様にして二成分系現像剤を製造し、画出しを行ない評価した。結果を表2、3に示した。各環境ともに、カブリや、べた均一性が著しく劣り、また、著しいトナー飛散も認められた。これは、トナー形状による流動性低下に起因する現像剤への磁性トナー取り込み不良や、鉄/鉄化合物の遊離率が高いことによる、著しい帯電性の低下が原因と推察される。
2 現像装置
3 現像剤
3a 磁性キャリア
3b トナー
4 現像スリーブ
5 マグネットローラ
6 第1ドクターブレード
7 第2ドクターブレード
8 トナーホッパ
11 現像剤収容部材
20 トナー供給開口部
A 現像剤収容部A
Claims (8)
- 内部に磁界発生手段を有する現像スリーブを回転させながら、現像剤収容部内にある、磁性トナーと磁性キャリアとを含む現像剤を、現像剤収容部の現像剤搬送方向下流側にある現像剤規制部材で現像領域に向けての搬送量を規制して搬送するとともに、該現像剤規制部材で阻止された現像剤を収容する現像剤収容部と、該現像剤収容部に現像剤搬送方向上流側から隣接する位置で該現像スリーブ表面に臨むトナー補給用開口を有するトナー収容部とを備え、該現像スリーブ上での現像剤搬送に伴う現像剤の移動により、該現像剤収容部の現像剤の容量に応じて該トナー収容部内のトナーを現像剤収容部に取り込む現像装置であり、
該現像剤収容部のトナー補給用開口の近傍には、現像スリーブに担持される現像剤量を規制する第2の規制部材が現像スリーブに対向して設けられており、該トナー補給用開口の下面は、該現像スリーブ側に向けて下向きに傾斜するように形成されており、該現像剤収容部における磁性トナー濃度が高い場合には現像剤がトナー補給用開口部に溢れ、該現像剤収容部における磁性トナー濃度が低い場合にはトナー補給用開口から磁性トナーが該現像剤収容部に補給される現像装置に用いる二成分系現像剤において、
該磁性トナーは、少なくとも結着樹脂、離型剤、磁性粉体を有し、重量平均粒径が3〜20μmであり、重量平均粒径/個数平均粒径の比が1.40以下であり、平均円形度が0.970以上であり、鉄及び鉄化合物の遊離率が0.05〜3.00%であることを特徴とする二成分系現像剤。 - 該磁性トナーの鉄及び鉄化合物の遊離率が0.05%〜2.00%であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二成分系現像剤。
- 該磁性トナーの粒度分布において、重量平均粒径/個数平均粒径の比が1.35以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の二成分系現像剤。
- 該磁性トナーのモード円形度が0.99以上であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の二成分系現像剤。
- 該磁性トナーは、水系媒体中で形成されたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の二成分系現像剤。
- 該磁性トナーは、重量平均粒径3.0〜10.0μmであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の二成分系現像剤。
- 該磁性トナーは、重合法により得られたトナーであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の二成分系現像剤。
- 内部に磁界発生手段を有する現像スリーブを回転させながら、現像剤収容部内にある、磁性トナーと磁性キャリアとを含む現像剤を、現像剤収容部の現像剤搬送方向下流側にある現像剤規制部材で現像領域に向けての搬送量を規制して搬送するとともに、該現像剤規制部材で阻止された現像剤を収容する現像剤収容部と、該現像剤収容部に現像剤搬送方向上流側から隣接する位置で該現像スリーブ表面に臨むトナー補給用開口を有するトナー収容部とを備え、該現像スリーブ上での現像剤搬送に伴う現像剤の移動により、該現像剤収容部の現像剤の容量に応じて該トナー収容部内のトナーを現像剤収容部に取り込む現像装置において、
該現像剤収容部のトナー補給用開口の近傍には、現像スリーブに担持される現像剤量を規制する第2の規制部材が現像スリーブに対向して設けられており、該トナー補給用開口の下面は、該現像スリーブ側に向けて下向きに傾斜するように形成されており、該現像剤収容部における磁性トナー濃度が高い場合には現像剤がトナー補給用開口部に溢れ、該現像剤収容部における磁性トナー濃度が低い場合にはトナー補給用開口から磁性トナーが該現像剤収容部に補給され、
該現像剤を構成する磁性トナーが、少なくとも結着樹脂、離型剤、磁性粉体を有し、重量平均粒径が3〜20μmであり、重量平均粒径/個数平均粒径の比が1.40以下であり、平均円形度が0.970以上であり、鉄及び鉄化合物の遊離率が0.05〜3.00%である磁性トナーを用いた現像装置。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003321744A JP4154302B2 (ja) | 2003-09-12 | 2003-09-12 | 二成分系現像剤及び現像装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003321744A JP4154302B2 (ja) | 2003-09-12 | 2003-09-12 | 二成分系現像剤及び現像装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005091488A JP2005091488A (ja) | 2005-04-07 |
JP4154302B2 true JP4154302B2 (ja) | 2008-09-24 |
Family
ID=34453339
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003321744A Expired - Fee Related JP4154302B2 (ja) | 2003-09-12 | 2003-09-12 | 二成分系現像剤及び現像装置 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP4154302B2 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101518803B1 (ko) | 2009-02-03 | 2015-05-12 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 전자 사진용 토너 및 그의 제조방법 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4965905B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-13 | 2012-07-04 | 株式会社リコー | トナー及びその製造方法、並びに画像形成方法 |
JP5361985B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-12-04 | キヤノン株式会社 | 磁性トナー |
JP5882728B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-27 | 2016-03-09 | キヤノン株式会社 | 磁性トナー |
WO2014156540A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-10-02 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | イエロートナーの製造方法 |
-
2003
- 2003-09-12 JP JP2003321744A patent/JP4154302B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101518803B1 (ko) | 2009-02-03 | 2015-05-12 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 전자 사진용 토너 및 그의 제조방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2005091488A (ja) | 2005-04-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5094858B2 (ja) | 磁性トナー | |
JP4987156B2 (ja) | トナー | |
JP4510927B2 (ja) | 磁性トナー | |
JP4324120B2 (ja) | 磁性トナー | |
JP4154302B2 (ja) | 二成分系現像剤及び現像装置 | |
JP4086487B2 (ja) | 磁性トナー及び画像形成装置 | |
JP2011215310A (ja) | 静電荷像現像用トナーの製造方法 | |
JP2007071993A (ja) | トナー | |
JP4434967B2 (ja) | 磁性トナー | |
JP2010197530A (ja) | トナー粒子の製造方法 | |
JP5339778B2 (ja) | 画像形成方法および定着方法 | |
JP5451062B2 (ja) | トナー粒子の製造方法 | |
JP4537161B2 (ja) | 磁性トナー | |
JP4298614B2 (ja) | 磁性トナー | |
JP4393179B2 (ja) | 磁性トナーの製造方法 | |
JP2009109827A (ja) | 磁性トナー | |
JP2012083463A (ja) | トナー | |
JP4532996B2 (ja) | 画像形成方法 | |
JP4347368B2 (ja) | トナー | |
JP3880342B2 (ja) | 磁性トナー及び該磁性トナーの製造方法 | |
JP4532721B2 (ja) | 磁性トナーの製造方法 | |
JP5455444B2 (ja) | 磁性トナー | |
JP2003043736A (ja) | 磁性トナー及び該磁性トナーの製造方法 | |
JP2008304724A (ja) | 磁性トナー | |
JP2008015231A (ja) | 磁性トナー |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20060804 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20080318 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20080519 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20080701 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20080707 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110711 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120711 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120711 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130711 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |