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JP3804879B2 - Combustion method of direct injection diesel engine - Google Patents

Combustion method of direct injection diesel engine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3804879B2
JP3804879B2 JP05200097A JP5200097A JP3804879B2 JP 3804879 B2 JP3804879 B2 JP 3804879B2 JP 05200097 A JP05200097 A JP 05200097A JP 5200097 A JP5200097 A JP 5200097A JP 3804879 B2 JP3804879 B2 JP 3804879B2
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Prior art keywords
injection
nozzle
pilot
diesel engine
combustion
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JP05200097A
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JPH10252476A (en
Inventor
章広 西村
修 山田
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Yanmar Co Ltd
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Yanmar Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0675Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston the combustion space being substantially spherical, hemispherical, ellipsoid or parabolic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0663Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray having multiple injectors per combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0678Unconventional, complex or non-rotationally symmetrical shapes of the combustion space, e.g. flower like, having special shapes related to the orientation of the fuel spray jets
    • F02B23/0693Unconventional, complex or non-rotationally symmetrical shapes of the combustion space, e.g. flower like, having special shapes related to the orientation of the fuel spray jets the combustion space consisting of step-wise widened multiple zones of different depth
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0648Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition
    • F02B23/0651Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition the fuel spray impinging on reflecting surfaces or being specially guided throughout the combustion space
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0669Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray having multiple fuel spray jets per injector nozzle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/3094Controlling fuel injection the fuel injection being effected by at least two different injectors, e.g. one in the intake manifold and one in the cylinder
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402Multiple injections
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、騒音軽減の面から副室式燃焼機構を採用しているディーゼル機関を、高効率な直噴式ディーゼル機関とする為の燃焼方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、圧縮行程中期に総噴射量の一部の燃料を一次噴射する技術であるパイロット噴射に関する技術は公知とされているのである。例えば、特開平5−141243号公報に記載の技術の如くである。
しかし、従来のパイロット噴射の場合には、主噴射の前10〜30°程度の位置でパイロット噴射を行なうのである。
この場合、パイロット噴射と主噴射の方向が一致しているため、パイロット着火の燃焼領域が酸欠となり、さらに、その部分に主噴射が行われるため、すすが発生するという不具合があったのである。
さらに、パイロット噴射は、当量比での着火が起こるため、大量のNOxが発生するという不具合があったのである。
また、通常の圧縮予混合自着火燃焼方式、即ち、圧縮行程中期に全燃料を噴射し、完全に蒸発混合させて自着火させる方法も公知とされているのである。
しかし、この場合にも、全体に希薄化しなければ、NOxが多くなるので、多くの燃料を噴くことができないため、出力が低いという不具合があったのである。
また、完全な予混合気を生成するため、未燃HCが多くなるという不具合もあったのである。
また、主噴射に先立って噴射を行うものには、フューミゲーション(予混合吸気をパイロット着火する技術)やVIGOM法(吸気行程噴射でパイロット着火する古い技術)があるが、いずれもすす性能や未燃HCが悪化することから、実機には採用されていなかったのである。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記の従来技術の不具合を解消せんとするものである。
本発明により、パイロット噴射を希薄予混合気とすることによって、パイロット燃焼内に酸素を残し、通常パイロット噴射の欠点である酸欠によるすすの悪化を解消するものである。
また、通常のパイロット噴射では、パイロット噴射自体の着火でNOxが発生するが、予混合パイロットを用いれば、パイロット噴射の希薄燃焼により、NOx発生が抑制できるのである。
また、全量予混合自着火させるのに比べ、主噴射は従来のディーゼル燃焼と同じ燃焼形態となるので、高出力・低THCが実現できるのである。
主たる目的は、すす性能やNOxを悪化させることなく、パイロット着火によって、主噴射の着火遅れを短縮し、低騒音・低NOxを実現することである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の解決しようとする課題は以上の如くであり、次に該課題を解決する手段を説明する。
【0005】
請求項1においては、圧縮行程中期に総噴射量の一部の燃料を、パイロット噴射し、かつ燃焼室内の限定された領域内で蒸発拡散させ、該限定された領域内で希薄な均一予混合気を生成し、圧縮上死点付近で自己着火させ、さらに上死点付近で主噴射を行う直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法において、燃焼室中央に円柱状突起を有し、円柱状突起の外周に環状溝をもち、円柱状突起の直上に単噴口もしくは多噴口のホールノズルを1個有し、パイロット噴射時には、ホールノズルと円柱状突起間の距離を、噴射された燃料が霧化する距離よりも大きくして、噴霧を前記環状溝領域に拡散させるとともに、圧縮上死点付近でのホールノズルと円柱状突起間の距離を、噴射された燃料が霧化する距離よりも小さくして、主噴射を分裂しない液柱状態で突起先端の平面部に衝突させ、環状溝に近接した燃焼室内に拡散させるものである。
【0006】
請求項2においては、請求項1記載の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法において、多噴口ノズルを用いる湯合に、円柱状突起の先端部を部分的に円錐形状としたものである。
【0007】
請求項3においては、請求項1記載の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法において、多噴口ノズルを用いる場合に、円柱状突起の先端部の中央付近を平坦にし、外周付近を円弧状のくぼみ形状とするものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
図1はディーゼル機関におけるパイロット噴射の効果を筒内圧力の変化に対して図示した図面、図2は従来のディーゼル機関におけるパイロット噴射の課題を示す図面、図3はパイロット噴射の他の構造を示す図面、図4も他の構造のパイロット噴射の作動概念図、図5は同じく他の構造のパイロット噴射の作動概念を示す図面、図6は同じく他の構造の作動概念図、図7は同じく他の構造のパイロット噴射の作動概念図、図8は本発明の請求項1の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法におけるホールノズルの噴霧の発達過程を示す図面、図9も請求項の本発明の作動概念図、図10は請求項の本発明の作動概念図、図11は請求項の本発明の作動概念図、図12は他の構造を示す作動概念図、図13は同じく他の構造を示す構造図、図14は同じく他の構造を示す圧縮比と筒内温度の変化を示す図面、図15は同じく他の構造の圧縮比とシリンダ内容積分布を示す図面、図16は同じく他の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法の構造及び作動概念図である。
【0009】
図1は、本発明のディーゼル機関における筒内圧力を示したものである。ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼騒音は、筒内圧力の上昇率と強い関係があり、上昇率が高くなるほど騒音が大きくなる。
通常の主噴射のみのディーゼル燃焼の場合は、図1中Aで示す如くであり、噴射された燃料は、一定の着火遅れの後に着火するが、この期間の間に燃焼しやすい濃度の予混合気を大量に生成し、一気に燃焼する(予混合燃焼)。
このため、筒内圧力上昇率が高くなる。図中Bの如く、パイロット噴射を行う場合には、少量の燃料が先に蒸発し着火するため、主噴射は着火遅れが小さくなる。そのために急激な予混合燃焼の割合が小さくなり、筒内圧力上昇率が小さくなる。
【0010】
従来のパイロット噴射は、圧縮トップ付近でパイロット・主噴射の両方が行われるものである。故に、従来のパイロット噴射式ディーゼル機関は、図2に示すように、圧縮上死点付近でパイロット噴射が着火した後に、主噴射が来るため、主噴射の酸欠が起こり一般的にすすの悪化が生じるのである。また、パイロット噴射の火炎自体は高温火炎となるため、NOxが生成されるのである。
図3に示す直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法においては、次の如く構成したものである。主噴射用噴射ノズル1用には主噴射用燃料ポンプ11から、パイロット用噴射ノズル2にはパイロット用噴射用燃料ポンプ12から高圧燃料が供給される。図4に示すように、圧縮行程中期にパイロット用噴射ノズル2より少量の噴射であるパイロット噴射5として噴霧され、燃焼室3内の特定の予混合気形成領域4に向けて噴射され、そこで蒸発しながら、均一な予混合気6を生成する。この際、予混合気6の濃度は、十分にNOxが低くなる程度の希薄な混合気とする。この混合気は、圧縮され高温となり、上死点付近で自着火しパイロット火炎7となる(図4)。
【0011】
希薄予混合気の自着火であるため、この火炎はほとんどNOxやすすを発生しない。さらにこの自着火タイミング付近で、主噴射用噴射ノズル1より主噴射8を行い、予混合気6が自着火したパイロット火炎7によって、着火遅れの少ない拡散燃焼を行わせることが出来るのである。
構成でのパイロット火炎7は、希薄であるために残存酸素があり、従来のパイロット燃焼のようなすすの悪化がなく、低騒音と低スモークを両立させることが可能である。
従来は、すすの悪化をなるべく起こさないように、着火遅れを無くす方法が、発明されて無かったのである。本構成は、直噴ディーゼル機関の燃焼方式を根底から変えることが出来る。
【0012】
図5において、他の構成の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法を説明する。
該構成は、単噴口もしくは多噴口のホールノズルを複数個有し、一方をパイロット用噴射ノズル2とし、他方を主噴射用噴射ノズル1とし、パイロット噴射は、燃焼室3内に設けられた予混合気形成領域4に噴射し、主噴射は、パイロット燃焼領域以外の近接した燃焼室3内の領域に噴射するように構成したものである。
図5に示すように、2つの噴射ノズルの内、一方をパイロット噴射用ノズル1とし、他方を主噴射用ノズル2とする。パイロット噴射は、燃焼室内の限定された領域に噴射され、前述の図3の構成と同様に蒸発混合し、自着火してパイロット火炎7となり、ノズルより主噴射が行われる。この主噴射用噴射ノズル1による主噴射は、領域以外の燃焼室3内の領域の近接する領域に噴射される。したがって、パイロット火炎7に直接に主噴射8が送り込まれることが無く、主噴射の酸欠によるすすの悪化が少なくなるである。
【0013】
次に、他の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法の構成を図6に基づいて説明する。
図6の構成においては、燃焼室3の中央に円柱状突起Aを有し、その外周に環状溝14を構成し、この環状溝14の領域を、パイロット用噴射ノズル2からのパイロット噴射5による、パイロット燃焼領域とする燃焼室形状とし、主噴射を円柱状突起Aの突起先端の平面部に衝突させ、拡散させるように構成したものである。
これにより、円柱状突起Aへの衝突拡散を用いて主噴射8を広く拡散させ、壁面付着量も減少させて、すす・青白煙の両方の低減を図ることが出来たものである。
【0014】
図6に示すように、主噴射用噴射ノズル1とパイロット用噴射ノズル2の2つの噴射ノズルの内、一方をパイロット用噴射ノズル2とし、他方をパイロット用噴射ノズル2とする。燃焼室3の中央付近には、円柱状突起Aを設け、この円柱状突起Aの外周部に環状溝14を設ける。または、この環状溝14の上方に噴射されるパイロット噴射5は、環状溝14に噴射され、請求項1と同様に蒸発混合された予混合気6となり、次に自着火したパイロット火炎7となり、主噴射用噴射ノズル1より主噴射8が行われる。この主噴射8は、円柱状突起Aと環状溝14の上方から噴射され、円柱状突起Aの平坦な頂部に衝突し拡散する。この拡散によって、主噴射8の拡散が促進され、すす性能が向上するとともに、パイロット火炎7の領域に接する領域に、主噴射8を配置することができるのである。
【0015】
次に図7に基づいて、他の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法の構成を説明する。
図7の構成は、単噴口もしくは多噴口のホールノズル9を1個有し、パイロット噴射時には、パイロット燃焼領域に直接噴射が行われ、主噴射時期にはピストンの燃焼室側壁の一部に衝突し、パイロット燃焼領域に隣接する領域に噴霧を拡散させるものである。図7に示すように、シリンダ内に単噴口もしくは多噴口のホールノズル9を持つ。燃焼室3の中央付近には、月形のくぼみである予混合気形成領域4を設ける。パイロット噴射時には、ピストンが遠くにあり、この時に予混合気形成領域4に向けてパイロット噴射5を行う。蒸発混合により予混合気6が構成されて、自着火しパイロット火炎7となった後に、主噴射8が行われる。この主噴射8の時期には、ピストンがホールノズル9に接近しているため、噴霧は、円形くぼみにより構成された予混合気形成領域4以外の壁面に衝突し、これを覆う様に拡散させる。これによって、単噴口もしくは多噴口のホールノズル9の1弁で2回の噴射を行わせ、自動的にパイロット火炎7の領域に接する領域に主噴射を配置することができ、前述の図5の構成と同様の効果を得ることができる。
その他の項目については、図4の他の構成と同じである。
【0016】
次に、請求項1の本発明の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法を、図8・図9に基づいて説明する。
請求項1の発明は、燃焼室3中央に円柱状突起Aを有し、円柱状突起Aの直上に単噴口もしくは多噴口のホールノズル9を有し、円柱外周に環状溝14をもち、パイロット噴射5の時には、単噴口もしくは多噴口のホールノズル9と円柱状突起Aの間の距離を、噴射された燃料が霧化する距離よりも大きくして、噴霧を環状溝14の領域に拡散させるとともに、圧縮上死点付近での噴射ノズル9と円柱状突起Aの距離を噴射された燃料が霧化する距離よりも小さくして、主噴射8を分裂しない液柱状態で円柱状突起Aの先端の平面部に衝突させ、環状溝14に近接した燃焼室3内に拡散させるものである。
【0017】
図8においては、噴射された燃料が分裂する過程を示したもので、一定の距離(噴霧分裂長さ)までは、液柱状態である。本発明は、この現象を用いるものである。図9に示すように、燃焼室3の中央付近に円柱状突起Aを設け、この円柱状突起Aの外周部に環状溝14を設ける。また円柱状突起Aの上方に、単噴口もしくは多噴口のホールノズル9を配置する。パイロット噴射5の時期には、ピストンとノズルに距離があるため、噴射されたパイロット噴射5は、十分に霧化する。よって、突起の外周に沿って別れ、14に導かれる。請求項1と同様に蒸発混合された予混合気6となり、次に自著火してパイロット火炎7となり、噴射ノズル9より主噴射8が行われる。この主噴射時期には、円柱状突起Aの上面が噴射ノズル9に近づくために、主噴射8は霧化する前に円柱状突起Aに衝突する。よって、円柱状突起Aの平坦な頂部で衝突拡散する。この拡散によって、主噴射8の微粒化と拡散が促進され、すす性能が向上するとともに、自動的にパイロット火炎7の領域に接する領域に、主噴射8を配置することができる。また、噴霧の壁面付着が少なく、青白煙を低減できるのである。
【0018】
次に図9と図10により、請求項2の本発明の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法を説明する。
請求項2の発明は、多噴口ノズルを用いる場合に、円柱状突起Aの先端部を部分的に円錐形状としたものである。主たる構造は、図9の本発明の請求項1と同様である。
図10に示すように、燃焼室中央付近に設けた円柱状の円柱状突起Aの先端部を、円錐形状にし、主噴射8をこの円錐面に衝突させる。平坦な面に衝突させると、図10−(a)の図面に示す様に拡散した噴霧間に隙間が生じて、空気の利用率が低下する。一方本発明のように円錐面に衝突させると、曲面形状であるために、噴霧が広い角度で拡散し、図10−(b)の図面に示すように、噴霧間の隙間が減少する。これによって、主噴射8の空気の利用率が向上し、すす性能が向上する。
【0019】
次に、図9と図11により、請求項3の本発明の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法を説明する。
請求項3の本発明は、多噴口ノズルを用いる場合に、円柱状突起の先端部の中央付近を平坦にし、外周付近を円弧状のくぼみ形状としたものである。主たる構造は、図9と同様である。図11に示すように、燃焼室中央付近に設けた円柱状突起Aの先端部を、中央付近を平面形状13にし、外周部を円弧状のくぼみ形状15とする。主噴射8は圧縮上死点付近に開始され、当初中央付近の平面形状13に衝突する。噴射の後期になると、ピストンが下降し、噴射弁と突起との距離が大きくなり、突起の外周に近いところに、衝突点が移動する。よって、平面形状13から円弧状のくぼみ形状15に衝突点が移り、円弧に沿って上方に噴霧が拡散する。初期の拡散噴霧は、パイロット火炎7に近く、着火遅れが短くなり、燃焼を開始する。その後の噴霧は、上方の未使用の空気に向けて拡散されるため、シリンダ軸方向の空気利用率が高くなり、すす性能が向上する。また、パイロット着火の効果を有効に活用できる。
【0020】
次に、図6と図12により、他の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法の構成を説明する。
図12の他の構成は、1本のホールノズルともう1本のスロットルノズルを有し、スロットルノズルをパイロット、他方のホースノズルを主噴射用とするものである。図12に他の構成の構造を示す。主たる構造は図6と同様で、パイロット用噴射ノズル2を図中に示すようなスロットル弁とする。スロットル弁の噴霧は、図に示すように、ノズルを出た時点から霧化し、中空のコーン状(メガホン状)の形状をしている。そのため、燃焼室中央の突起に触れることなく、パイロット燃焼用の予混合気形成領域の全体に均等に燃料噴霧を配置することができる。これによって、パイロット燃焼用予混合気の均一化を促進し、自着火時期の安定化向上およびパイロット火炎の低NOx化・すす低減を可能となる。それ以外の作動原理は、図6の他の構成と同様である。
【0021】
次に、図4と図13により、他の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法の構成を説明する。
図13の他の構成は、パイロット燃焼領域を断熱性の高い材料Cで囲んだものである。図13に構造を示す。主たる構造は図4と同様である。パイロット噴射を蒸発拡散させて、均一希薄予混合気を作る領域である環状溝14を取り囲む燃焼室3壁面を、セラミクス等の断熱性の高い材料Cとする。図14に圧縮比と筒内温度の時間変化を示す。通常の金属材料の場合(A)、圧縮中に高温の圧縮空気から熱が逃げる(熱損失)ために、圧縮上死点付近では、断熱時(B)に比べて温度が低くなり、燃料の自着火温度以下になると着火しなくなる。一方、圧縮比を高くして、着火温度にまで温度を上げる場合には、図15に示すように、トップクリアランス等の無駄容積は一定であるために、燃焼室容積を小さくする必要が有り、燃焼室の空気が少なくなる。一般的に燃焼室内の空気量は、すす性能と深い関係があるので、高圧縮比とすると、すす性能上不利となる。
そこで、本構成では、予混合パイロット領域を、断熱性の高い材料Cで断熱し、その部分の熱損失を小さくし、図13に示すように、燃焼室内に局部的な高温領域を形成し、圧縮比を上げることなく、安定したパイロット自着火を行なわせる。又、主噴射が衝突する際に、壁面温度が高いと、その点で沸騰現象(膜沸騰・遷移沸騰)が起こり、微粒化が促進される。
【0022】
次に図16により、他の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法の構成を説明する。
図16の構成は、1本のホールノズルともう1本のスロットルノズルを有し、ホールノズルをパイロット、他方のスロットノズルを主噴射用としたものである。図16に他の構造を示す。燃焼の概念は、図5の構成と共通であるが、主噴射を行う主噴射用噴射ノズル1に、拡散性の高いスロットルノズルを用いるとともに、燃焼室形状を主噴射の噴霧形状に近い形状とするとともに、燃焼室中央付近に、パイロット燃焼領域である予混合気形成領域4を設ける。圧縮中期にパイロット用噴射ノズル2より噴かれた燃料は、燃焼室中央部で蒸発混合し、上死点近くで自着火してパイロット火炎7となる。これに接するように、主噴射用噴射ノズル1より主噴封が噴かれる。この噴霧は、図のようにコーン形状となるため、空気を有効に利用するために、燃焼室も噴霧形状に近い形とする。主噴射は噴射直後に、16の位置でパイロット火炎に接触し、短い着火遅れで燃焼を開始する。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
本発明は以上の如く構成したので、次のような効果を奏するものである。
請求項1の発明においては、圧縮行程中期に総噴射量の一部の燃料を、パイロット噴射し、かつ燃焼室内の限定された領域内で蒸発拡散させ、該限定された領域内で希薄な均一予混合気を生成し、圧縮上死点付近で自己着火させ、さらに上死点付近で主噴射を行う直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法において、燃焼室中央に円柱状突起を有し、円柱状突起の外周に環状溝をもち、円柱状突起の直上に単噴口もしくは多噴口のホールノズルを1個有し、パイロット噴射時には、ホールノズルと円柱状突起間の距離を、噴射された燃料が霧化する距離よりも大きくして、噴霧を前記環状溝領域に拡散させるとともに、圧縮上死点付近でのホールノズルと円柱状突起間の距離を、噴射された燃料が霧化する距離よりも小さくして、主噴射を分裂しない液柱状態で突起先端の平面部に衝突させ、環状溝に近接した燃焼室内に拡散させるので、圧縮行程中期に総噴射量の一部の燃料を、一次噴射(以下パイロット噴射)し、かつ燃焼室内の限定された領域内で蒸発拡散させ、希薄な均一予混合気を生成し、圧縮上死点付近で自己着火させ、さらに上死点付近で主噴射を行うので、パイロット噴射を予混合化することによって、パイロット燃焼内に酸素を残し、通常パイロット噴射の欠点である酸欠によるすすの悪化を解消することが出来たのである。
また、通常のパイロット噴射では、パイロット噴射自体の着火でNOxが発生するが、予混合パイロットを用いれば、パイロット噴射の希薄燃焼により、NOx発生が抑制できるのである。
また、全量予混合自着火させるのに比べ、主噴射は従来のディーゼル燃焼と同じ燃焼形態となるので、高出力・低THCが実現できるのである。
主たる目的は、すす性能やNOxを悪化させることなく、パイロット着火によって、主噴射の着火遅れを短縮し、低騒音・低NOxを実現することができるのである。
また、突起への衝突拡散を用いて主噴射を広く拡散させ、壁面付着量も減少させて、すす・青白煙の両方の低減を図ることが出来たのである。
また、1本のノズルで、噴射ノズルとピストンの位置関係が、時間によって変化することを用いて、1本のノズルで発明3と同様にすす・青白煙の低減という効果が得られるように構成することが出来たものである。
【0024】
請求項2の発明においては、主噴射の水平方向の拡散を強化することによって、すす性能を向上させることが出来たのである。
【0025】
請求項3の発明においては、主噴射の噴射期間中に、ピストンが下がるにつれて、衝突噴霧を上方に拡散させることが可能となり、これにより、酸素を有効に利用でき、すすを低減させることか出来たのである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 図1はディーゼル機関におけるパイロット噴射の効果を筒内圧力の変化に対して図示した図面。
【図2】 従来のディーゼル機関におけるパイロット噴射の課題を示す図面。
【図3】 パイロット噴射の他の構造を示す図面。
【図4】 他の構造のパイロット噴射の作動概念図。
【図5】 同じく他の構造のパイロット噴射の作動概念を示す図面。
【図6】 同じく他の構造の作動概念図。
【図7】 他の構造のパイロット噴射の作動概念図
【図8】 本発明の請求項1の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法におけるホールノズルの噴霧の発達過程を示す図面。
【図9】 請求項の本発明の作動概念図。
【図10】 請求項の本発明の作動概念図。
【図11】 請求項の本発明の作動概念図。
【図12】 他の構造を示す作動概念図。
【図13】 同じく他の構造を示す構造図。
【図14】 同じく他の構造を示す圧縮比と筒内温度の変化を示す図面。
【図15】 同じく他の構造の圧縮比とシリンダ内容積分布を示す図面。
【図16】 同じく他の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法の構造及び作動概念図である。
【符号の説明】
A 円柱状突起
C 断熱性の高い材料
1 主噴射用噴射ノズル
2 パイロット用噴射ノズル
3 燃焼室
4 予混合気形成領域
5 パイロット噴射
6 予混合気
7 パイロット火炎
8 主噴射
9 単噴口もしくは多噴口のホールノズル
13 平面形状
15 円弧状のくぼみ形状
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a combustion method for making a diesel engine employing a sub-chamber combustion mechanism a highly efficient direct injection diesel engine in terms of noise reduction.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a technique relating to pilot injection, which is a technique for performing primary injection of a part of the total injection amount of fuel in the middle of the compression stroke, is known. For example, this is the technique described in JP-A-5-141243.
However, in the case of the conventional pilot injection, the pilot injection is performed at a position of about 10 to 30 ° before the main injection.
In this case, since the directions of the pilot injection and the main injection coincide with each other, the combustion region of the pilot ignition becomes deficient, and further, the main injection is performed in that portion, so that there is a problem that soot is generated. .
Furthermore, the pilot injection has an inconvenience that a large amount of NOx is generated because ignition occurs at an equivalent ratio.
In addition, a normal compression premixed self-ignition combustion method, that is, a method of injecting all fuel in the middle of the compression stroke and completely evaporating and mixing to self-ignite is also known.
However, even in this case, if the whole is not diluted, the amount of NOx increases, so a large amount of fuel cannot be injected, and there is a problem that the output is low.
Moreover, since a complete premixed gas was generated, there was a problem that unburned HC increased.
In addition, there are fuming (technique for pilot ignition of premixed intake air) and VIGOM method (old technology for pilot ignition by intake stroke injection) that performs injection prior to main injection. Since unburned HC deteriorated, it was not adopted in the actual machine.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
According to the present invention, by making the pilot injection a lean premixed gas, oxygen is left in the pilot combustion, and soot deterioration due to lack of oxygen, which is a drawback of the normal pilot injection, is eliminated.
Further, in normal pilot injection, NOx is generated by ignition of the pilot injection itself, but if a premixed pilot is used, generation of NOx can be suppressed by lean combustion of the pilot injection.
Further, since the main injection has the same combustion mode as that of conventional diesel combustion, compared with the case where all the amounts are premixed and self-ignited, high output and low THC can be realized.
The main purpose is to reduce the ignition delay of the main injection by pilot ignition without deteriorating soot performance and NOx, and to realize low noise and low NOx.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The problem to be solved by the present invention is as described above. Next, means for solving the problem will be described.
[0005]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, a part of the total injection amount is pilot-injected in the middle of the compression stroke, and is evaporated and diffused in a limited region in the combustion chamber, and the lean uniform premixing is performed in the limited region. In a combustion method of a direct injection type diesel engine that generates a gas, self-ignites near the compression top dead center, and further performs main injection near the top dead center, it has a cylindrical protrusion at the center of the combustion chamber, and the outer periphery of the cylindrical protrusion Has a single nozzle or multi-hole nozzle at the top of the cylindrical projection, and during pilot injection, the distance between the hole nozzle and the cylindrical projection is the distance that the injected fuel atomizes. And the spray is diffused in the annular groove region, and the distance between the hole nozzle and the cylindrical projection near the compression top dead center is made smaller than the distance at which the injected fuel atomizes, Liquid columnar shape that does not disrupt the main injection In collide to the planar portion of the projecting tip, it is intended to diffuse in the combustion chamber close to the annular groove.
[0006]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the combustion method for a direct injection type diesel engine according to the first aspect, the tip end portion of the cylindrical protrusion is partially conically shaped in the hot water using the multi-nozzle nozzle .
[0007]
In claim 3, in the combustion method of the direct injection type diesel engine according to claim 1, when a multi-nozzle nozzle is used, the vicinity of the center of the tip of the cylindrical protrusion is flattened, and the vicinity of the outer periphery is an arcuate depression. To do .
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the effect of pilot injection in a diesel engine with respect to changes in in-cylinder pressure, FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating problems of pilot injection in a conventional diesel engine, and FIG. 3 is another structure of pilot injection . drawings, Figure 4 also operates conceptual diagram of the pilot injection of another structure, Figure 5 drawing also shows the operating concept of the pilot injection of other structures, FIG. 6 is also operated conceptual diagram of another structure, Figure 7 also other FIG . 8 is a diagram showing a pilot injection operation conceptual diagram of the structure of FIG . 8, FIG. 8 is a drawing showing the development process of the spray of the hole nozzle in the combustion method of the direct injection diesel engine of claim 1 of the present invention, and FIG. conceptual diagram, FIG. 10 is actuated conceptual diagram of the present invention of claim 2, Fig 11 is actuated conceptual diagram of the present invention of claim 3, Figure 12 is operating concept shows another structure diagram, Figure 13 is also another structure structural diagram showing a FIG. 4 the drawings also showing the change in compression ratio and cylinder temperature showing another structure, Fig. 15 also illustrates the compression ratio and cylinder volume distribution of other structures, 16 of likewise other direct-injection diesel engine It is a structure and operation | movement conceptual diagram of a combustion method .
[0009]
FIG. 1 shows the in-cylinder pressure in the diesel engine of the present invention . The combustion noise of a diesel engine has a strong relationship with the rate of increase in in-cylinder pressure, and the noise increases as the rate of increase increases.
In the case of diesel combustion with only normal main injection, as shown by A in FIG. 1, the injected fuel is ignited after a certain ignition delay. A large amount of gas is generated and burned at once (premixed combustion).
For this reason, the cylinder pressure increase rate increases. As shown in B in the figure, when pilot injection is performed, since a small amount of fuel evaporates first and ignites, the ignition delay of main injection becomes small. For this reason, the ratio of rapid premixed combustion is reduced, and the in-cylinder pressure increase rate is reduced.
[0010]
In the conventional pilot injection, both pilot and main injection are performed near the compression top. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, in the conventional pilot injection type diesel engine, the main injection comes after the pilot injection ignites in the vicinity of the compression top dead center. Will occur. Further, since the pilot-injected flame itself becomes a high-temperature flame, NOx is generated.
The combustion method of the direct injection diesel engine shown in FIG. 3 is configured as follows . High pressure fuel is supplied from the main injection fuel pump 11 to the main injection nozzle 1 and from the pilot injection fuel pump 12 to the pilot injection nozzle 2. As shown in FIG. 4, in the middle of the compression stroke, the fuel is sprayed as a pilot injection 5, which is a smaller amount of injection than the pilot injection nozzle 2, and is injected toward a specific premixed gas formation region 4 in the combustion chamber 3. However, a uniform premixed gas 6 is generated. At this time, the concentration of the premixed gas 6 is set to be a lean mixed gas so that NOx is sufficiently low. This air-fuel mixture is compressed and becomes high temperature, and self-ignites near the top dead center to become a pilot flame 7 (FIG. 4).
[0011]
Due to the self-ignition of the lean premixed gas, this flame hardly generates NOx and soot. Further, in the vicinity of the self-ignition timing, the main injection 8 is performed from the main-injection injection nozzle 1, and the diffusion flame with a small ignition delay can be performed by the pilot flame 7 in which the premixed gas 6 self-ignites.
Since the pilot flame 7 in this configuration is lean, there is residual oxygen, soot deterioration does not occur as in the conventional pilot combustion, and both low noise and low smoke can be achieved.
Conventionally, no method has been invented to eliminate the ignition delay so as not to cause soot deterioration. This configuration can fundamentally change the combustion method of a direct injection diesel engine.
[0012]
In FIG. 5, the combustion method of the direct injection type diesel engine of another structure is demonstrated .
This configuration has a plurality of single-hole or multi-hole nozzles, one of which is a pilot injection nozzle 2 and the other of which is a main injection nozzle 1, and pilot injection is performed in advance in a combustion chamber 3. The mixture is injected into the air-fuel mixture formation region 4, and the main injection is configured to be injected into a region in the combustion chamber 3 close to other than the pilot combustion region.
As shown in FIG. 5, one of the two injection nozzles is a pilot injection nozzle 1 and the other is a main injection nozzle 2. The pilot injection is injected into a limited region in the combustion chamber, is evaporated and mixed in the same manner as in the configuration of FIG. 3 described above , self-ignites to become the pilot flame 7, and the main injection is performed from the nozzle. The main injection by the main injection nozzle 1 is injected in a region adjacent to the region in the combustion chamber 3 other than the region. Therefore, the main injection 8 is not sent directly to the pilot flame 7, and soot deterioration due to lack of oxygen in the main injection is reduced.
[0013]
Next, the structure of the combustion method of another direct injection diesel engine will be described with reference to FIG.
Oite to the configuration of FIG. 6 has a cylindrical projections A in the center of the combustion chamber 3, to constitute an annular groove 14 on its outer periphery, the region of the annular groove 14, the pilot injection from the pilot for the injection nozzle 2 5, the combustion chamber is formed as a pilot combustion region, and the main injection is made to collide with the flat portion at the projection tip of the cylindrical projection A and diffuse.
As a result, the main injection 8 is diffused widely by using collision diffusion to the cylindrical protrusion A, and the amount of wall surface adhesion is also reduced, so that both soot and blue-white smoke can be reduced.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 6, one of the two injection nozzles of the main injection nozzle 1 and the pilot injection nozzle 2 is a pilot injection nozzle 2 and the other is a pilot injection nozzle 2. A cylindrical protrusion A is provided near the center of the combustion chamber 3, and an annular groove 14 is provided on the outer periphery of the cylindrical protrusion A. Alternatively, the pilot injection 5 injected above the annular groove 14 is injected into the annular groove 14 to become a premixed gas 6 which is evaporated and mixed in the same manner as in claim 1, and then becomes a self-ignited pilot flame 7, Main injection 8 is performed from the main injection nozzle 1. The main injection 8 is injected from above the cylindrical protrusion A and the annular groove 14 and collides with the flat top of the cylindrical protrusion A and diffuses. By this diffusion, the diffusion of the main injection 8 is promoted, soot performance is improved, and the main injection 8 can be arranged in a region in contact with the region of the pilot flame 7.
[0015]
Next, based on FIG. 7, the structure of the combustion method of another direct injection type diesel engine is demonstrated .
The configuration of FIG. 7 has one hole nozzle 9 having a single injection port or multiple injection ports, and at the time of pilot injection, direct injection is performed in the pilot combustion region, and at the main injection timing, it collides with a part of the combustion chamber side wall of the piston. The spray is diffused in a region adjacent to the pilot combustion region. As shown in FIG. 7, a single nozzle or a multi-hole hole nozzle 9 is provided in the cylinder. In the vicinity of the center of the combustion chamber 3, a premixed gas formation region 4 which is a moon-shaped depression is provided. At the time of pilot injection, the piston is far away, and at this time, pilot injection 5 is performed toward the premixed gas formation region 4. After the premixed gas 6 is formed by evaporative mixing and self-ignitions to become the pilot flame 7, the main injection 8 is performed. Since the piston approaches the hole nozzle 9 at the time of the main injection 8, the spray collides with the wall surface other than the premixed gas formation region 4 constituted by the circular depression and diffuses so as to cover it. . As a result, two injections can be performed by one valve of the single nozzle or the multi-hole hole nozzle 9, and the main injection can be automatically arranged in a region in contact with the region of the pilot flame 7, as shown in FIG. The same effect as the configuration can be obtained.
Other items are the same as those of the other configurations in FIG.
[0016]
Next, a combustion method for the direct injection diesel engine according to the first aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
The invention of claim 1 has a cylindrical projection A at the center of the combustion chamber 3, a single nozzle or a multi-hole hole nozzle 9 directly above the cylindrical projection A, an annular groove 14 on the outer periphery of the cylinder, and a pilot. At the time of the injection 5, the distance between the single nozzle or the multi-hole nozzle 9 and the columnar projection A is made larger than the distance at which the injected fuel atomizes to diffuse the spray into the region of the annular groove 14. At the same time, the distance between the injection nozzle 9 and the cylindrical projection A in the vicinity of the compression top dead center is made smaller than the distance at which the injected fuel atomizes, and the cylindrical projection A of the cylindrical projection A is in a liquid column state that does not disrupt the main injection 8. It collides with the flat portion at the tip and diffuses into the combustion chamber 3 close to the annular groove 14.
[0017]
FIG. 8 shows a process in which the injected fuel is split, and the liquid column is maintained up to a certain distance (spray split length). The present invention uses this phenomenon. As shown in FIG. 9, a cylindrical protrusion A is provided near the center of the combustion chamber 3, and an annular groove 14 is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical protrusion A. A single nozzle or a multi-hole hole nozzle 9 is disposed above the cylindrical protrusion A. Since there is a distance between the piston and the nozzle at the time of the pilot injection 5, the injected pilot injection 5 is sufficiently atomized. Therefore, it divides along the outer periphery of the projection and is guided to 14. In the same manner as in the first aspect, the premixed gas 6 is vaporized and mixed, and then self-fired to become the pilot flame 7, and the main injection 8 is performed from the injection nozzle 9. At this main injection time, the upper surface of the cylindrical protrusion A approaches the injection nozzle 9, so that the main injection 8 collides with the cylindrical protrusion A before atomization. Therefore, collision diffusion occurs at the flat top of the cylindrical protrusion A. By this diffusion, atomization and diffusion of the main injection 8 are promoted, soot performance is improved, and the main injection 8 can be automatically arranged in a region in contact with the region of the pilot flame 7. Moreover, there is little adhesion of the spray wall surface, and blue-white smoke can be reduced.
[0018]
Next, a combustion method for the direct injection diesel engine according to the second aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
According to the second aspect of the present invention , when the multi-nozzle nozzle is used, the tip of the cylindrical protrusion A is partially conical. The main structure is the same as that of claim 1 of the present invention in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 10, the tip of a cylindrical columnar projection A provided near the center of the combustion chamber is formed into a conical shape, and the main injection 8 collides with this conical surface. If it is made to collide with a flat surface, as shown in the drawing of FIG. 10- (a), a clearance gap will be produced between the diffused sprays, and the utilization factor of air will fall. On the other hand, when colliding with a conical surface as in the present invention, the spray is diffused at a wide angle due to the curved shape, and the gap between the sprays is reduced as shown in the drawing of FIG. 10- (b). Thereby, the utilization factor of the air of the main injection 8 is improved, and soot performance is improved.
[0019]
Next, a combustion method for the direct injection diesel engine according to the third aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the third aspect of the present invention, when a multi-nozzle nozzle is used, the vicinity of the center of the tip of the cylindrical protrusion is flattened and the vicinity of the outer periphery is formed into an arcuate depression. The main structure is the same as in FIG. As shown in FIG. 11, the tip of the cylindrical protrusion A provided near the center of the combustion chamber has a planar shape 13 near the center and an arcuate hollow shape 15 at the outer periphery. The main injection 8 starts near the compression top dead center and initially collides with the planar shape 13 near the center. At the later stage of injection, the piston descends, the distance between the injection valve and the projection increases, and the collision point moves near the outer periphery of the projection. Therefore, the collision point moves from the planar shape 13 to the arcuate recess shape 15, and the spray diffuses upward along the arc. The initial diffusion spray is close to the pilot flame 7, the ignition delay is shortened, and combustion is started. Since the subsequent spray is diffused toward the upper unused air, the air utilization rate in the cylinder axial direction is increased, and soot performance is improved. Moreover, the effect of pilot ignition can be used effectively.
[0020]
Next, the structure of the combustion method of another direct injection diesel engine will be described with reference to FIGS.
12 has one hole nozzle and another throttle nozzle, and the throttle nozzle is used as a pilot and the other hose nozzle is used for main injection. FIG. 12 shows the structure of another configuration. The main structure is the same as in FIG. 6, and the pilot injection nozzle 2 is a throttle valve as shown in the figure. As shown in the figure, the spray from the throttle valve is atomized from the time of exiting the nozzle, and has a hollow cone shape (megaphone shape). Therefore, the fuel spray can be evenly arranged over the entire premixed gas formation region for pilot combustion without touching the protrusion at the center of the combustion chamber. As a result, the homogenization of the pilot combustion premixed gas is promoted, the stabilization of the self-ignition timing can be improved, and the pilot flame can be reduced in NOx and reduced in soot. The other operation principle is the same as that of the other structure of FIG.
[0021]
Next, the structure of the combustion method of another direct injection diesel engine will be described with reference to FIGS.
In another configuration of FIG. 13 , the pilot combustion region is surrounded by a material C having a high thermal insulation property. FIG. 13 shows the structure. The main structure is the same as in FIG. The wall surface of the combustion chamber 3 surrounding the annular groove 14 that is a region for producing a uniform lean premixed gas by evaporating and diffusing the pilot injection is made of a highly heat insulating material C such as ceramics. FIG. 14 shows changes over time in the compression ratio and the in-cylinder temperature. In the case of a normal metal material (A), heat escapes from high-temperature compressed air during compression (heat loss), so the temperature near the compression top dead center is lower than that during heat insulation (B), and the fuel When the temperature falls below the auto-ignition temperature, it will not ignite. On the other hand, when the compression ratio is increased and the temperature is increased to the ignition temperature, the waste volume such as the top clearance is constant as shown in FIG. Less air in the combustion chamber. In general, the amount of air in the combustion chamber is closely related to soot performance, and so a high compression ratio is disadvantageous in terms of soot performance.
Therefore, in this configuration, the premixed pilot region is insulated with the highly heat-insulating material C, the heat loss of the portion is reduced, and a local high temperature region is formed in the combustion chamber, as shown in FIG. Stable pilot self-ignition is performed without increasing the compression ratio. If the wall surface temperature is high when the main injection collides, a boiling phenomenon (film boiling / transition boiling) occurs at that point, and atomization is promoted.
[0022]
Next, the structure of the combustion method of another direct injection diesel engine will be described with reference to FIG.
The configuration of FIG. 16 has one hole nozzle and another throttle nozzle, the hole nozzle is used as a pilot, and the other slot nozzle is used for main injection. FIG. 16 shows another structure. The concept of combustion is the same as the configuration in FIG. 5, but a highly diffusible throttle nozzle is used as the main injection nozzle 1 that performs main injection, and the shape of the combustion chamber is close to the spray shape of the main injection. In addition, a premixed gas formation region 4 which is a pilot combustion region is provided near the center of the combustion chamber. The fuel injected from the pilot injection nozzle 2 in the middle of compression evaporates and mixes in the center of the combustion chamber, and self-ignites near the top dead center to become the pilot flame 7. A main jet is injected from the main injection nozzle 1 so as to be in contact therewith. Since this spray has a cone shape as shown in the figure, the combustion chamber has a shape close to the spray shape in order to effectively use air. Immediately after the injection, the main injection comes into contact with the pilot flame at the position 16 and starts combustion with a short ignition delay.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
In the first aspect of the present invention, a part of the total injection amount is pilot-injected in the middle of the compression stroke, and is evaporated and diffused in a limited area in the combustion chamber, and is diluted uniformly in the limited area. In a combustion method of a direct injection type diesel engine that generates a premixed gas, self-ignites near the compression top dead center, and further performs main injection near the top dead center, it has a cylindrical projection at the center of the combustion chamber. It has an annular groove on the outer periphery of it, and has a single nozzle or a single nozzle hole nozzle directly above the cylindrical projection. During pilot injection, the distance between the hole nozzle and the cylindrical projection is the atomized fuel atomized. The distance between the hole nozzle and the cylindrical protrusion near the compression top dead center is made smaller than the distance at which the injected fuel atomizes. Do not split the main injection Collide with the plane of the projecting tip in the pillar state, is diffused in the combustion chamber close to the annular groove, a portion of the fuel of the total injection amount in the compression stroke mid and primary injection (hereinafter pilot injection), and the combustion chamber Evaporation and diffusion within a limited region of the gas, generating a lean uniform premixed gas, self-igniting near compression top dead center, and performing main injection near top dead center, so pilot injection is premixed As a result, oxygen was left in the pilot combustion, and soot deterioration due to lack of oxygen, which is a drawback of normal pilot injection, could be solved.
Further, in normal pilot injection, NOx is generated by ignition of the pilot injection itself, but if a premixed pilot is used, generation of NOx can be suppressed by lean combustion of the pilot injection.
Further, since the main injection has the same combustion mode as that of conventional diesel combustion, compared with the case where all the amounts are premixed and self-ignited, high output and low THC can be realized.
The main purpose is to reduce the ignition delay of the main injection by pilot ignition without deteriorating soot performance and NOx, and to realize low noise and low NOx.
In addition, it was possible to reduce both soot and blue-white smoke by widely diffusing the main injection using collision diffusion to the protrusions and reducing the amount of wall surface adhesion.
In addition, by using the fact that the positional relationship between the injection nozzle and the piston changes with time with a single nozzle, it is possible to obtain the effect of reducing soot and blue-white smoke with a single nozzle as in the third aspect. It was possible to do.
[0024]
In the invention of claim 2 , the soot performance can be improved by enhancing the horizontal diffusion of the main injection.
[0025]
In the invention of claim 3, during the injection period of the main injection, it becomes possible to diffuse the impinging spray upward as the piston is lowered, so that oxygen can be used effectively and soot can be reduced. It was.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a drawing illustrating the effect of pilot injection in a diesel engine with respect to changes in in-cylinder pressure.
FIG. 2 is a drawing showing a problem of pilot injection in a conventional diesel engine.
FIG. 3 is a drawing showing another structure of pilot injection .
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of operation of pilot injection of another structure .
FIG. 5 is a view showing an operation concept of pilot injection of another structure .
FIG. 6 is an operational conceptual diagram of another structure .
FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram of operation of pilot injection of another structure .
FIG. 8 is a drawing showing the development process of the spray of the hole nozzle in the combustion method for a direct injection diesel engine according to claim 1 of the present invention .
FIG. 9 is an operation concept diagram of the present invention according to claim 1 ;
FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of operation of the present invention according to claim 2 ;
11 is a conceptual diagram of operation of the present invention according to claim 3. FIG.
FIG. 12 is an operation concept diagram showing another structure .
FIG. 13 is a structural diagram showing another structure.
FIG. 14 is a drawing showing a change in compression ratio and in-cylinder temperature showing another structure .
FIG. 15 is also a drawing showing compression ratios and volume distribution in a cylinder of another structure .
FIG. 16 is a schematic view showing the structure and operation of a combustion method for another direct injection diesel engine .
[Explanation of symbols]
A Cylindrical projection C Highly insulating material 1 Main injection nozzle 2 Pilot injection nozzle 3 Combustion chamber 4 Premixed gas formation region 5 Pilot injection 6 Premixed gas 7 Pilot flame 8 Main injection 9 Single or multi-hole Hole nozzle 13 Plane shape 15 Arc-shaped indentation shape

Claims (3)

圧縮行程中期に総噴射量の一部の燃料を、パイロット噴射し、かつ燃焼室内の限定された領域内で蒸発拡散させ、該限定された領域内で希薄な均一予混合気を生成し、圧縮上死点付近で自己着火させ、さらに上死点付近で主噴射を行う直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法において、
燃焼室中央に円柱状突起を有し、円柱状突起の外周に環状溝をもち、円柱状突起の直上に単噴口もしくは多噴口のホールノズルを1個有し、
パイロット噴射時には、ホールノズルと円柱状突起間の距離を、噴射された燃料が霧化する距離よりも大きくして、噴霧を前記環状溝領域に拡散させるとともに、
圧縮上死点付近でのホールノズルと円柱状突起間の距離を、噴射された燃料が霧化する距離よりも小さくして、主噴射を分裂しない液柱状態で突起先端の平面部に衝突させ、環状溝に近接した燃焼室内に拡散させることを特徴とする直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法。
During the middle of the compression stroke, a portion of the total injection amount is pilot-injected and evaporated and diffused in a limited area in the combustion chamber, producing a lean uniform premixed gas in the limited area and compressed. In the combustion method of a direct injection diesel engine that self-ignites near the top dead center and further performs main injection near the top dead center ,
It has a cylindrical protrusion in the center of the combustion chamber, an annular groove on the outer periphery of the cylindrical protrusion, and a single nozzle or a single nozzle hole nozzle directly above the cylindrical protrusion.
At the time of pilot injection, the distance between the hole nozzle and the cylindrical projection is made larger than the distance at which the injected fuel atomizes, and the spray is diffused in the annular groove region,
The distance between the hole nozzle and the cylindrical protrusion near the compression top dead center is made smaller than the distance at which the injected fuel atomizes, and the main injection is made to collide with the flat part of the protrusion tip in a liquid column state that does not break up. A combustion method for a direct injection diesel engine, characterized by diffusing into a combustion chamber adjacent to the annular groove .
請求項1記載の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法において、多噴口ノズルを用いる湯合に、円柱状突起の先端部を部分的に円錐形状としたことを特徴とする直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法。 2. A combustion method for a direct injection diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein the tip of the cylindrical protrusion is partially conical in a hot water using a multi-nozzle nozzle . 請求項1記載の直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法において、多噴口ノズルを用いる場合に、円柱状突起の先端部の中央付近を平坦にし、外周付近を円弧状のくぼみ形状とすることを特徴とする直噴式ディーゼル機関の燃焼方法。 2. A combustion method for a direct injection type diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein when a multi-injection nozzle is used, the vicinity of the center of the tip of the cylindrical protrusion is flattened and the vicinity of the outer periphery is formed into an arcuate depression. Combustion method for direct injection diesel engines.
JP05200097A 1997-03-06 1997-03-06 Combustion method of direct injection diesel engine Expired - Fee Related JP3804879B2 (en)

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