JP3727457B2 - Image forming method - Google Patents
Image forming method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3727457B2 JP3727457B2 JP32130197A JP32130197A JP3727457B2 JP 3727457 B2 JP3727457 B2 JP 3727457B2 JP 32130197 A JP32130197 A JP 32130197A JP 32130197 A JP32130197 A JP 32130197A JP 3727457 B2 JP3727457 B2 JP 3727457B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- liquid
- image
- image forming
- blue
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 150000003950 cyclic amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- INSRQEMEVAMETL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)O INSRQEMEVAMETL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWYAODARJIJAKL-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium 3-[[4-[1-[4-[(1,7-dihydroxy-3-sulfonatonaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl]-3-methylphenyl]cyclohexyl]-2-methylphenyl]diazenyl]-4,6-dihydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].Cc1cc(ccc1N=Nc1c(O)c2cc(O)ccc2cc1S([O-])(=O)=O)C1(CCCCC1)c1ccc(N=Nc2c(O)c3cc(O)ccc3cc2S([O-])(=O)=O)c(C)c1 SWYAODARJIJAKL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940071161 dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VYXSBFYARXAAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-[3-(ethylamino)-6-ethylimino-2,7-dimethylxanthen-9-yl]benzoate;hydron;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=2C=C(C)C(NCC)=CC=2OC2=CC(=[NH+]CC)C(C)=CC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC VYXSBFYARXAAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N ethyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093471 ethyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920005648 ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940033357 isopropyl laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940097413 isopropyl maleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940074928 isopropyl myristate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010187 litholrubine BK Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FDZZZRQASAIRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M malachite green Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C1 FDZZZRQASAIRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940107698 malachite green Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DPLUMPJQXVYXBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-2-phenylethenamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 DPLUMPJQXVYXBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGVIAKXYAZRSEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C)C=C1C HGVIAKXYAZRSEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVZIWRMELPWPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-methylphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C TVZIWRMELPWPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHLHOLGYGRKZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCC1=CC=CC=C1 OHLHOLGYGRKZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMPJXAZMDWUDRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl-n-[1-[2-(n-butylanilino)but-3-enoxy]but-3-en-2-yl]aniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CCCC)C(C=C)COCC(C=C)N(CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 NMPJXAZMDWUDRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMJFVKWBSWWAKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclohexylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NC1CCCCC1 PMJFVKWBSWWAKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUVDRJXCDPXWDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenyl-n-[ethenyl(pyrrolidin-1-yl)amino]oxypyrrolidin-1-amine Chemical compound C1CCCN1N(C=C)ON(C=C)N1CCCC1 YUVDRJXCDPXWDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQZGQGPVUAYDKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n-[1-[2-(n-ethylanilino)but-3-enoxy]but-3-en-2-yl]aniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CC)C(C=C)COCC(C=C)N(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 UQZGQGPVUAYDKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C=C YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWGZKFQMWZYCHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCNC(=O)C=C AWGZKFQMWZYCHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IFSXZLJQEKGQAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M nuclear fast red Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(O)=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(O)=C2N IFSXZLJQEKGQAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- BNIXVQGCZULYKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BNIXVQGCZULYKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OARRHUQTFTUEOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N safranin Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=C(N)C(C)=CC2=NC2=CC(C)=C(N)C=C2[N+]=1C1=CC=CC=C1 OARRHUQTFTUEOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006027 ternary co-polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBKBGHZMNFTKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium 2-[(2-oxido-3-sulfo-6-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]benzoate Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)[O-])N=NC2=C3C=CC(=CC3=CC(=C2[O-])S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+] RBKBGHZMNFTKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
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- Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は電子写真、静電印刷、静電記録等の分野で使用される液体現像剤を用いる画像形成方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
電子写真等の分野で使用されている液体現像剤は、脂肪族炭化水素系溶媒と着色剤と定着剤と分散剤と必要に応じて添加される種々の添加剤とから成る混合物を、ボールミルやアトライター等で微粉砕して製造されている。すなわち、従来の液体現像剤製造方法では、分散剤や定着剤等を別々に製造してから製造原料を混合して微粉砕するために、工程数が多くなって製造原価高となる問題がある。
【0003】
一方、特開昭63−174070号公報には、非水溶媒中でスチレンやアクリル系モノマー等を重合させて得られるポリマーラテックスを染料で染色し、これを着色剤とする着色液体現像剤が開示されている。しかし、この方法では黒色液体現像剤の製造が困難な上に複写用紙への定着性にも問題がある。又、特公昭56−10619号公報には、脂肪族炭化水素系溶媒中でアクリル系モノマーを重合させて得られる樹脂粒子をビクトリアブルー等の染料で染色し、これを着色剤とする電子写真液体現像剤が開示されている。しかし、この液体現像剤を使って得られる複写画像は濃度が低く退色し易い上に、熱ローラーで定着させる際に熱ローラーにトナーが付着するオフセット現像も発生し易い。このように、前記の樹脂粒子を染料で染色した型の着色剤を染料や印刷インキやインクジェット用インキ等に使うと、接着性、退色性、定着性、画像濃度等に問題がある。
又、特開平9−183859号公報、同179354号公報に重合トナーが示されるが定着性、解像度が低い問題がある。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、顔料や染料と樹脂が一体化した液体トナーを電子写真液体現像剤や各種インクや各種塗料等に着色剤として添加した場合に、画像濃度、階調性、解像度及び定着性の良い画像を形成させることができる上に、分散性、クリーニング性の優れた画像形成方法を提供することをその課題とする。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、下記のとおりである。
(1)静電潜像をベルト又はローラー部材上に塗布された液体トナーによって現像するプロセスにおいて、液体トナーが
活性水素基を有する顔料及び又は染料、反応性シリコーン、イソシアネートとの反応体と非水系分散媒とから成ることを特徴とする画像形成方法。
【0006】
(2)非水系分散媒が脂肪族炭化水素、シリコーンオイル、脂肪酸エステル、ポリオレフィン、流動パラフィンの群から選ばれた1種又は2種以上の混合分散媒である前記(1)記載の画像形成方法。
【0009】
次に本発明液体トナーを用いた画像形成プロセスを図面に基づいて具体的に説明する。
【0010】
図1は矢印方向に回転する光導電体L、例えば有機半導体、セレン、アモルファスシリコーン、その他無機感光体を回転させながらコロナ帯電Eにて該光導電体に帯電させる。Fはキャリヤ液をプリウェットする場合はFのローラーで絶縁体液体を塗布する。プリウェットが必要でない場合は塗布しない。
【0011】
Gは書き込み露光部である。Kはトナーの現像ローラーでトナー容器IよりトナーローラーJにより現像ローラーKに均一に塗布する電着法で塗布してもよい。現像ローラー上のトナー層はコロナ放電部Hにより電圧が印加され、または印加されずに、次に光導電体L上の潜像は現像ローラーKにより現像されて可視化される。各ローラーはゴム、金属、プラスチックス等で弾力性を有するものやスポンジ状のものも使用できる。
【0012】
そして転写材Bが転写ローラーAにより光導電体L上のトナー像を転写材B上に転写する。転写の方法は圧力、またはコロナ放電、加熱、又は加熱と圧力、コロナと圧力、コロナと加熱との組合せ等により良好な画像を転写材上に形成できる。さらに光導電体上をクリーニングするためクリーニングローラーCとクリーニングブレードDにより残存トナーを除去し、次のコピーを行うプロセスである。
【0013】
図2は図1と違う点としてプリウェット液をローラーからフェルトFでコーティングする工程Fを含む。プリウェット液は必要に応じてフェルトで塗布するが、必ずしも塗布しなくてもかまわない。トナーはトナー容器IよりローラーJ1,J2を通して現像ローラーKに塗布され、塗布されたトナー層にコロナ放電部Hより直流電圧が印加される。図2の現像ローラーKは図1より光導電体Lとの接触幅を長くしてあり、潜像を十分トナーで現像できるように工夫されている。光導電体上に現像されたトナー像は転写部材Bにコロナ放電部Aにより転写され画像が形成される。必要に応じて、さらに乾燥部でトナー像を転写部材に定着させる。
【0014】
図3はカラーコピーを出力する場合の現像プロセスの一例を示したものである。光導電体上にイエロー、マゼンタ、シアン、ブラックのトナー容器I,Jがあり、一色ごとに感光体Lの潜像を現像し、中間転写体Mに転写後、さらに転写部材Bに転写ローラーAにより圧力、コロナ、熱、圧力と熱などの組合せにより転写しカラーコピーを作成する。
図4はカラーコピー用の作像プロセスである。
【0015】
図3と同様イエロー、マゼンタ、シアン、ブラックトナーを収納するトナー容器J,Iにトナー層を塗布するベルトNにより光導電体L上の潜像を現像し転写部材Bにトナー像を転写するものである。トナー層を塗布するベルトNにはクリーニングローラーOとクリーニングブレードPによりクリーニングC、ベルトを再利用するものである。ベルトNはPET、EVA、VCL、ゴム、金属ベルト等である。ベルトの弾力性、表面の粗さ、表面エネルギ等を劣化させ使用できる。
本発明に用いる液体トナーは着色剤と反応性シリコーン化合物との共重合体と非水分散媒とからなる。
【0016】
上記反応性シリコーン化合物は、信越化学(株)等から製造販売されている化合物であり、該化合物を信越化学(株)の商品名で示すと以下のとおりである。なお、以下に示すアミノ変性やエポキシ変性等の表示は、活性水素をもつ反応性置換基としてそれぞれアミノ基やエポキシ基を持っていることを意味している。
【0017】
アミノ変性シリコーン化合物:X−22−161A、KF−861、KF−865等;エポキシ変性シリコーン化合物:X−22−163B、KF−101、X−22−169B、KF−103、KF−102等;カルボキシル変性シリコーン化合物:X−22−162A、X−22−162C、X−22−3710等;カルビノール変性シリコーン化合物:X−22−160AS、KF−6001、KF−6002、KF−6003等;メルカプト変性シリコーン化合物:X−22−167B、X−22−980等;フェノール変性シリコーン化合物:X−22−165B等;片末端反応性シリコーン化合物:X−22−170B、X−22−173B、X−22−174D、X−22−174DX、X−22−176B等;異種官能基変性シリコーン化合物:アミノ基とアルコキシ基変性のKF−857、KF−862、KF−8001等:アミノ基とポリエーテル基変性のX−22−3939A等:その,メタクリル変性シリコーン化合物:X−22−5002、チッ素(株)のサイラプレーンFM0711、FM0721、FM0725、TM0701等。
次に反応性シリコーン化合物と共重合させるモノマーとしては以下に示す。
【0018】
親油性の長鎖(メタ)アクリレートと親水性の極性モノマーとの共重合体が挙げられる。
具体的な親油性の長鎖(メタ)アクリレートとしては、例えばヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、シクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、2−エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ノニル(メタ)アクリレート、デシル(メタ)アクリレート、ラウリル(メタ)アクリレート、ステアリル(メタ)アクリレートが挙げられる。
【0019】
又、具体的な極性モノマーとしては、例えば(メタ)アクリル酸、イタコン酸、無水マレイン酸、マレイン酸、ビニル酢酸、ビニルクリコーゲン酸、ビニルアクリル酸、ビニル安息香酸等のカルボキシル基を有するモノマーおよびその金属塩(Li,Na,K,Ca,Mg,Al等の金属塩)、ビニルスルホン酸、ビニルベンゼンスルホン酸、ビニルベンジルスルホン酸、ビニルベンゼンスルフィン酸等のスルホン基、スルフィン基を有するモノマーおよびその金属塩、リン酸基を有するモノマー及びその金属塩、下記(A)〜(F)に示す。含窒素モノマーが挙げられる。
【0020】
(A)N,N−ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N,N−ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N,N−ジブチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N,N−ヒドロキシエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N−ベンジル、N−エチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート等の脂肪族アミノとを有する(メタ)アクリレート類;
(B)N−ビニルイミダゾール、N−ビニルインダゾール、2−ビニルピリジン、4−ビニルピリジン、2−ビニルキノリン、4−ビニルキノリン、2−ビニルオキサゾール等の含窒素複素環ビニルモノマー類;
(C)N−ビニルピロリドン、N−ビニルピペリドン等のN−ビニル置換環状アミドモノマー類;
(D)N−メチルアクリルアミド、N−オクチルアクリルアミド、N−フェニルメチルアクリルアミド、N−シクロヘキシルアクリルアミド、アクリルピペリジン、アクリルモノフォリン等の(メタ)アクリルアミド類;(E)ジメチルアミノスチレン、ジエチルアミノスチレン、ジオクチルアミノスチレン等の含窒素基を有する芳香族置換エチレン系モノマー;
(F)ビニル−N−エチル−N−フェニルアミノエチルエーテル、ビニル−N−ブチル−N−フェニルアミノエチルエーテル、トリエタノールアミンジビニルエーテル、ビニルピロリジルアミノエーテル等の含窒素ビニルエーテルモノマー。
【0021】
その他のモノマーとしてフルオロエチルメタクリレート、ペンタデカフルオロオクチルアクリレート等フッ素含有のモノマーも挙げられる。
反応性シリコーン化合物と共重合可能なモノマーを1〜90/10−99重量部を重合開始剤の存在下に非水溶媒中で重合するものである。
必要に応じて定着性、分散性極性制御性を付与するモノマー構成で重合することが必要である。
【0022】
二元、三元系共重合体、グラフト共重合、架橋ポリマーブロック共重合体を必要に応じて使用することができる。
重合溶媒としてはイソパラフィン、ノルマルパラフィン、シリコーンオイル、脂肪酸エステル、食物油など、重合開始剤としてはベンゾイルパーオキサイド、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、ジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド、ラウリルパーオキサイドなど通常の重合開始剤を用いることが可能である。
【0023】
本発明で着色剤を製造する際に使用される非水溶媒は、脂肪族炭化水素、シリコーンオイル、脂肪酸エステル、低分子量ポリオレフィン、モノマー成分としてオレフィンを含む低分子量共重合体、ハロゲン化脂肪族炭化水素等であり、前5者が好ましい。
【0024】
脂肪族炭化水素としては、ヘキサン、ペンタン、オクタン、ノナン、デカン、ウンデカン、ドデカン等が使用される。又、沸点範囲:68〜250℃:電気抵抗:体積抵抗で109Ω・cm以上;誘電率:3以下;の各種電気絶縁性脂肪族炭化水素混合液を使用することができる。このような混合液は電子写真液体現像剤の担体液として使用される混合液であり、本発明の着色剤製造方法を実施する際の非水溶媒として該混合液を使用すると、本発明で製造される着色粒子を着色剤とする電子写真液体現像剤やインクジェット用インキを一工程で製造することができる。このような混合液としては、エクソン社で製造販売している「アイソパーG」「アイソパーH」「アイソパーL」アイソパーM」「アイソパーV」等があるが、沸点範囲が150〜250℃の混合液が特に好ましい。
【0025】
非水溶媒に使用されるシリコーンオイルとしては市販品を使用すれば良く、例えば信越化学(株)製のKF−995、KF−994、KF−86、KF−85、KF−96−300cs、KF96−1000cs、KF96−5000cs、KF−96−1.5cs等を使用すれば良い。
非水溶媒に使用される脂肪酸エステルは、イソプロピルマレエート、イソプロピルミリステート、イソプロピルラウレート、エチルオレエート、ブチルミリステート等である。
【0026】
本発明の着色剤は原料として顔料及び/又は染料と活性水素を有する反応性シリコーン化合物とイソシアネート化合物とを少なくとも含み、これらの原料が非水溶媒中に分散されている分散液を加熱して反応させることによって提供される。
【0027】
すなわち活性水素含有反応性シリコーン化合物中に顔料及び/又は染料を充分均一に分散させてからイソシアネート化合物を反応させ、これによってウレタン化架橋した着色樹脂粒子が高分散している着色剤を製造することを特徴にしている。そして、原料の顔料や染料に活性水素含有基があると、それがイソシアネート化合物とウレタン化反応するために樹脂粒子と顔料や染料との一体化が強化され、着色剤特性を向上させることができる。又、これらのウレタン化反応は非水溶媒中で行われるが、この非水溶媒に電子写真液体現像剤に使われる担体液を使えば、一工程で電子写真液体現像剤を製造することができる。同様に非水溶媒を目的に応じて適宜選択すれば、製造後の着色剤分散液に溶媒や添加剤を加えて各種インキや塗料にすることができる。
次に本発明の着色剤の製造で使用される原材料について詳細に説明する。
【0028】
(1)反応性シリコーン化合物
反応性シリコーン化合物としては、下記一般式(1)〜(4)で示される化合物群の中から選ばれる1種又は2種以上混合物が使用される。
【0029】
【化1】
【0030】
一般式(1)〜(4)において、R1〜R29は同一であっても異なっていても良いが、これらは炭素数1〜20の飽和脂肪族炭化水素基又はフェニル基を表わしている。又、X1〜X7は同一であっても異なっていても良いが、これらはイソシアネート化合物と反応する活性水素を持った置換基であり、具体的には下記の置換基を表わしている。そして、n及びmは1以上の整数を表わしている。
【0031】
【化2】
【0032】
上記した一般式(1)〜(4)の化合物のうち、本発明の着色剤原料として特に好ましい化合物を表1〜4に具体的に例示するが、表1には一般式(1)の化合物を、表2には一般式(2)の化合物を、表3には一般式(3)の化合物を、表4には一般式(4)の化合物を例示する。
【0033】
【表1】
【0034】
【表2】
【0035】
【表3】
【0036】
【表4】
【0037】
(2)イソシアネート化合物
本発明で着色剤原料として使用されるイソシアネート化合物は、ジイソシアネート化合物やトリイソシアネート化合物等の多価イソシアネート化合物である。すなわち、パラフェニレンジイソシアネート、2−クロロ−1,4−フェニルジイソシアネート、2,4−トリレンジイソシアネート、2,6−トリレンジイソシアネート、1,5−ナフタレンジイソシアネート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、4,4’−ジフェニルジイソシアネート、4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、イソホロンジイソシアネート、トリメチルヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート等である。又、イソシアネート基が残存しているウレタン樹脂をイソシアネート化合物として使用することもできる。例えば、トリメチルヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート1モルと、デカンジオール1.1モルと、グリセリン0.4モルを100℃で6時間反応させた生成物で、イソシアネートが0.2重量%残っている混合物をイソシアネート化合物として使うことができる。
【0038】
(3)顔料及び染料
本発明で着色剤原料に使用する顔料や染料は限定されず、カーボンブラック、スピリットブラック、アニリンブラック、オイルブラック、ニグロシン、ウールブラック、ブルーブラックE、アルカリブルー、フタロシアニンブルー、オイルブルー、アシッドブルー、ジアニジンブルー、ビクトリアブルー、メチレンブルー、クリソイジン、スータンバイオレット、クリスタルバイオレット、オイルバイオレット、メチルバイオレット、フタロシアニングリーン、アシッドブラックグリーン、マラカイトグリーン、サフラニン、ブリリアントカーミン6B、ローダミン6Gレーキ、ファーストレッド、オイルレッド、コンゴーレッド、オーラミン、ローダミンBレーキ、バリウムレッド2B、カルシウムレッド2B、ストロンチウムレッド、マンガンレッド2B、バリウムソールレッド、カルシウムレッド52、レーキレッドC、ホルマルーンL−58、ブリリアントカーミン3B、ブリリアントスカーレットG、キナクリドンマゼンタ、ビスマルクブラウン、ベンジジンイエロー、ハンザイエロー、ファーストイエローG、ファーストイエロー10G、ジスアゾイエローAAA、ジスアゾイエローAAMX、ジスアゾイエローAAOT、ジスアゾイエローAAOA;カヤセットイエローA−G、カヤセットレッドB、カヤセットブルーFR、カヤセロンイエローE−5G、カヤセロンイエローE−3GL、カヤセロンイエローE−HGL、カヤセロンレッドE−GL、カヤセロンレッドE−BF、カヤセロンレッドE−2BL、カヤセロンブルーE−2BL、カヤセロンブルーE−BR、カヤセロンブルーE−BG、カヤセロンブルーE−5G、カヤセロントルキーズブルーE−GL、カヤセロンネイビーブルーE−EX、カヤセロンブラックE−EX(以上日本化薬社製);スミカロンブリリアントフラビンS−10G、スミカロンイエローSE−5G、スミカロンイエローSE−3GLConc.、スミカロンイエローSE−RPD、スミカロンイエローE−RPD、スミカロンイエローS−R、スミカロンイエローS−RPD、スミカロンオレンジSE−RPD、スミカロンオレンジS−R、スミカロンレッドE−3BR、スミカロンレッドS−BDF、スミカロンレッドE−RPD、スミカロンレッドE−FBL、スミカロンレッドS−BLF、スミカロンレッドS−RPD、スミカロンレッドS−BF、スミカロンブルーS−3RF、スミカロンブルーE−GRL、スミカロンブルーSE−RF、スミカロンブルーE−R、スミカロンブルーE−BL、スミカロンブルーE−FBL、スミカロンブルーE(以上、住友化学社製)等を使用することができる。
本発明で着色原料として特に好ましい活性水素を持つ着色原料を例示すると、表5の通りである。
【0039】
【表5】
【0040】
非水溶媒に使用される低分子量ポリオレフィンは、分子量3000以下のポリオレフィンである。
非水溶媒に使用されるオレフィンを含む低分子量共重合体は、エチレン−メタクリル酸共重合体やプロピレン−ラウリルメタクリレート−アクリル酸共重合体等であり、反応条件で液状を保つ低分子量共重合体であれば良い。
非水溶媒に使用されるハロゲン化脂肪族炭化水素としては、パークロルエチレンやペンタクロルエタン等が使用される。
【0041】
本発明法において着色剤を製造する場合、反応系にラウリルメタクリレート、アクリル酸、スチレン、メチルメタクリレート、アクリロニトリル等の重合性モノマーと、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド(BPO)やアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)等の重合開始剤を加えても良く、これらを添加することによって着色粒子を構成する樹脂の物性が改良される場合がある。又、得られる樹脂粒子の粒径制御や分散性向上を目的として、ウレタン化反応を妨害しない界面活性剤を添加することも可能である。このほか、必要に応じて架橋反応やエマルジョン形成の際に添加される公知の添加剤を添加することも可能である。
【0042】
以上に詳記した着色剤原料は、非水溶媒100重量部当り顔料及び/又は染料を1〜50重量部、好ましくは5〜20重量部;反応性シリコーン化合物を0.1〜80重量部、好ましくは5〜50重量部;イソシアネート化合物を0.05〜50重量部、好ましくは1〜20重量部となるように混合し、良く分散させてから加熱反応させれば良い。この場合、着色原料の染顔料が1重量部未満では着色力が弱く、50重量部を超えると粒子径が大きくなって分散性が低下する。又、反応性シリコーン化合物の添加量が0.1重量部未満では得られる着色粒子の撥水撥油性が低下し、80重量部を超えると着色粒子の分散性が低下する。そして、イソシアネート化合物の添加量が0.05重量部未満では樹脂粒子と着色原料の染顔料との反応性や結合性が低下し、50重量部を超えると粒子径が大きくなって分散性が低下する。
【0043】
前記組成の着色剤原料はボールミルやアトライター等の強力な分散混合機で1〜5時間、好ましくは2〜4時間分散混合してから、反応温度を60〜150℃、好ましくは80〜100℃として、2〜24時間、好ましくは3〜15時間反応させることによって所望の着色剤を得ることができる。
【0044】
ここに得られた着色粒子は、非水溶媒と分離せずに液体現像剤、各種インキ、塗料等に使うことができる。例えば、前記のようにして得られた着色剤を溶媒で希釈するだけで、又は溶媒希釈と共に電荷制御剤、粘度調節剤、着色粒子の分散性を向上させるための界面活性剤、非水溶媒等を必要に応じて添加して電子写真液体現像剤とすることができる。なお、電荷制御剤としてはプラス帯電用にはニグロシン染料等の電子供与性色素や金属石鹸等が、マイナス帯電用には含クロム染料等の電子受容性有機錯体やドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸金属塩等が使用される。又、粘度調節剤にはエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコール等が、界面活性剤にはドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダやソルビタンモノオレエート等が使用される。
【0045】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に本発明を実施例によって更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はこの実施例によって限定されない。又、以下に記す部は重量部である。
実施例1
アイソパーM100部と、カーボンブラック(三菱化学社製#44)10部と、表1に記載した反応性シリコーン化合物No.1 50部とをアトライターで2時間分散後、この分散液をフラスコ内で80℃に保持して撹拌しながらパラフェニレンジイソシアネート15部を加え、これを90℃で良く撹拌しながら10時間反応させた。反応終了後の液は平均粒径1.5μmの黒色樹脂粒子を含む液体トナーAを得た。
液体トナーAを用いて図1の作像プロセスによりコピーを行ったところ画像濃度は1.20、階調性6段、解像度6.3本/mmであった。
【0046】
実施例2
実施例1において非水溶媒としてアイソパーMの代りにあまに油を使用し、その他の条件は実施例1と全く同様にして液体トナーBを得た。そして実施例1の場合と全く同じ方法で複写実験を試みたところ、画像濃度1.21、解像度6.3本/mm、階調性7.0段の複写画像が得られ、画像定着率は72%であった。
【0047】
(定着率はクロックメーター法で測定)
実施例3
シリコーンオイルKF96−300CS100部と、フタロシアニンブルー15部と、メタクリル変性シリコーン化合物(信越化学社製:X−22−5002)30部と、2,4−トリレンジイソシアネート5部と、BPO3部とアクリル酸2部とをフラスコに仕込み、良く撹拌しながら90℃で12時間反応させてシアン色樹脂粒子を含む液体トナーCを製造した。
そして実施例1の場合と全く同じ方法で複写実験を試みたところ画像濃度が1.28、解像度6.3本/mm、階調性7段、定着率は74%であった。
【0048】
実施例4
実施例3で使用したメタクリル変性シリコーン化合物の代りに表2に示した反応性シリコーン化合物No.4を使用し、それ以外は実施例3と全く同様にして液体トナーDを作製した。このトナーを使って実施例3の場合と全く同じ評価実験を行ったところ、画像濃度1.44、解像度7.2本/mm、階調性7.0段の高品質複写画像が得られた。又、この実施例で作製した液体トナーDは撥水油性の複写画像を与えるトナーであり、熱ローラーによって定着することができた。そして、画像定着率は81%と極めて高かった。
【0049】
実施例5
フタロシアニンブルーの代りに表5に示したアシドレッド154を使用し、それ以外は実施例4の場合と全く同様にして液体トナーEを作製し、実施例4の場合と全く同じ評価試験を試みた。その結果、画像濃度1.32、解像度7.3本/mm、階調性8.0段の極めて優秀な複写画像が得られ、画像定着率も83%と極めて高く熱ローラーによって定着してもオフセットが生じなかった。又、光導電体、現像ローラー、ベルト上の残存液体トナーがクリーニングローラーやブレードにより容易にクリーニングが可能であった。
【0059】
【発明の効果】
請求項1の画像形成方法において着色剤と反応性シリコーン化合物との共重合体を用いた液体トナーで作像することにより画像濃度、解像度、階調性が高いものが得られる。又、コピーの定着性の向上が認められる。
請求項2の分散媒を用いることにより現像ローラー、ベルトへの液体トナーの塗工性が均一になるため高画質の現像が可能になる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明を適用する画像形成プロセスの一例を示す。
【図2】本発明を適用する画像形成プロセスの他の例を示す。
【図3】本発明を適用する画像形成プロセスの他の例を示す。
【図4】本発明を適用する画像形成プロセスの他の例を示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an image forming method using a liquid developer used in fields such as electrophotography, electrostatic printing, and electrostatic recording.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A liquid developer used in the field of electrophotography and the like is a mixture of an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, a colorant, a fixing agent, a dispersant, and various additives added as necessary. It is manufactured by pulverizing with an attritor or the like. That is, in the conventional liquid developer manufacturing method, since the dispersant, the fixing agent, and the like are manufactured separately and then the manufacturing raw materials are mixed and pulverized, there is a problem that the number of processes increases and the manufacturing cost increases. .
[0003]
On the other hand, JP-A-63-174070 discloses a colored liquid developer in which a polymer latex obtained by polymerizing styrene or an acrylic monomer in a non-aqueous solvent is dyed with a dye, and this is used as a colorant. Has been. However, in this method, it is difficult to produce a black liquid developer, and there is a problem in fixability to a copy sheet. Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-10619 discloses an electrophotographic liquid in which resin particles obtained by polymerizing an acrylic monomer in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent are dyed with a dye such as Victoria Blue, and this is used as a colorant. Developers are disclosed. However, a copy image obtained using this liquid developer has a low density and easily fades, and offset development in which toner adheres to the heat roller when fixing with the heat roller is also likely to occur. As described above, when a colorant of the type in which the resin particles are dyed with a dye is used for a dye, a printing ink, an ink jet ink or the like, there are problems in adhesiveness, fading, fixing property, image density, and the like.
Further, polymerized toners are disclosed in JP-A Nos. 9-183859 and 179354, but there are problems of low fixability and resolution.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has good image density, gradation, resolution, and fixability when a liquid toner in which pigments, dyes and resins are integrated is added as a colorant to an electrophotographic liquid developer, various inks, various paints, and the like. An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming method that can form an image and is excellent in dispersibility and cleaning properties.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is as follows.
(1) In a process of developing an electrostatic latent image with liquid toner applied on a belt or roller member, the liquid toner
An image forming method comprising: a pigment and / or dye having an active hydrogen group; a reactant of reactive silicone, isocyanate; and a non-aqueous dispersion medium.
[0006]
(2) The image forming method according to (1), wherein the non-aqueous dispersion medium is one or more mixed dispersion media selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons, silicone oils, fatty acid esters, polyolefins, and liquid paraffin. .
[0009]
Next, an image forming process using the liquid toner of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
[0010]
In FIG. 1, a photoconductor L rotating in the direction of an arrow, for example, an organic semiconductor, selenium, amorphous silicone, or other inorganic photoconductor is charged to the photoconductor by corona charging E. In the case of F, when the carrier liquid is pre-wet, the insulator liquid is applied by the F roller. Do not apply if prewetting is not required.
[0011]
G is a writing exposure unit. K may be applied by an electrodeposition method in which the toner is uniformly applied from the toner container I to the developing roller K by the toner roller J from the toner container I. A voltage is applied to the toner layer on the developing roller by the corona discharge portion H, or the latent image on the photoconductor L is then developed by the developing roller K and visualized. Each roller can be made of rubber, metal, plastics or the like having elasticity or sponge.
[0012]
Then, the transfer material B transfers the toner image on the photoconductor L onto the transfer material B by the transfer roller A. As a transfer method, a good image can be formed on a transfer material by pressure, corona discharge, heating, or heating and pressure, a combination of corona and pressure, corona and heating, or the like. Further, in order to clean the photoconductor, the remaining toner is removed by the cleaning roller C and the cleaning blade D, and the next copy is performed.
[0013]
FIG. 2 differs from FIG. 1 in that it includes a process F in which a prewetting liquid is coated with felt F from a roller. The pre-wet liquid is applied with felt as necessary, but it need not be applied. The toner is applied from the toner container I to the developing roller K through the rollers J 1 and J 2 , and a DC voltage is applied from the corona discharge portion H to the applied toner layer. The developing roller K in FIG. 2 has a longer contact width with the photoconductor L than in FIG. 1, and is devised so that the latent image can be sufficiently developed with toner. The toner image developed on the photoconductor is transferred to the transfer member B by the corona discharge portion A to form an image. If necessary, the toner image is further fixed on the transfer member in the drying section.
[0014]
FIG. 3 shows an example of the development process in the case of outputting a color copy. There are yellow, magenta, cyan, and black toner containers I and J on the photoconductor. The latent image on the photoconductor L is developed for each color, transferred to the intermediate transfer body M, and further transferred to the transfer member B and the transfer roller A. To make a color copy by transferring pressure, corona, heat, or a combination of pressure and heat.
FIG. 4 shows an image forming process for color copying.
[0015]
As in FIG. 3, a latent image on the photoconductor L is developed by a belt N that applies a toner layer to toner containers J and I that contain yellow, magenta, cyan, and black toners, and the toner image is transferred to a transfer member B It is. The belt N to which the toner layer is applied is cleaned by the cleaning roller O and the cleaning blade P, and the belt is reused. The belt N is PET, EVA, VCL, rubber, metal belt or the like. Belt elasticity, surface roughness, surface energy, etc. can be deteriorated and used.
The liquid toner used in the present invention comprises a copolymer of a colorant and a reactive silicone compound and a non-aqueous dispersion medium.
[0016]
The reactive silicone compound is a compound manufactured and sold by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., etc., and the compound is represented by the trade name of Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. as follows. In addition, the following indications such as amino modification and epoxy modification mean that each group has an amino group or an epoxy group as a reactive substituent having active hydrogen.
[0017]
Amino-modified silicone compounds: X-22-161A, KF-861, KF-865, etc .; Epoxy-modified silicone compounds: X-22-163B, KF-101, X-22-169B, KF-103, KF-102, etc .; Carboxyl-modified silicone compounds: X-22-162A, X-22-162C, X-22-3710, etc .; Carbinol-modified silicone compounds: X-22-160AS, KF-6001, KF-6002, KF-6003, etc .; Mercapto Modified silicone compounds: X-22-167B, X-22-980, etc .; Phenol-modified silicone compounds: X-22-165B, etc .; One-end reactive silicone compounds: X-22-170B, X-22-173B, X- 22-174D, X-22-174DX, X-22-176B, etc .; heterofunctional group changes Silicone compound: amino group and alkoxy group modified KF-857, KF-862, KF-8001, etc .: amino group and polyether group modified X-22-3939A, etc .: methacrylic modified silicone compound: X-22-5002 , Silaplane FM0711, FM0721, FM0725, TM0701, etc. of Nitrogen Corporation.
Next, the monomer to be copolymerized with the reactive silicone compound is shown below.
[0018]
Examples thereof include a copolymer of a lipophilic long chain (meth) acrylate and a hydrophilic polar monomer.
Specific lipophilic long chain (meth) acrylates include, for example, hexyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, nonyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl ( And (meth) acrylate and stearyl (meth) acrylate.
[0019]
Specific polar monomers include, for example, monomers having a carboxyl group such as (meth) acrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic acid, vinyl acetic acid, vinyl cricogenic acid, vinyl acrylic acid, vinyl benzoic acid, and the like. Its metal salts (metal salts such as Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al), vinyl sulfonic acid, vinyl benzene sulfonic acid, vinyl benzyl sulfonic acid, vinyl benzene sulfinic acid and other sulfone groups, monomers having sulfin groups, and The metal salt, the monomer having a phosphate group and the metal salt thereof are shown in the following (A) to (F). A nitrogen-containing monomer is mentioned.
[0020]
(A) N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-dibutylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-hydroxyethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate , N-benzyl, (meth) acrylates having an aliphatic amino group such as N-ethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate;
(B) Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic vinyl monomers such as N-vinylimidazole, N-vinylindazole, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 2-vinylquinoline, 4-vinylquinoline, 2-vinyloxazole;
(C) N-vinyl-substituted cyclic amide monomers such as N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylpiperidone;
(D) (Meth) acrylamides such as N-methylacrylamide, N-octylacrylamide, N-phenylmethylacrylamide, N-cyclohexylacrylamide, acrylic piperidine, acrylic monophorin; (E) dimethylaminostyrene, diethylaminostyrene, dioctylamino An aromatic substituted ethylene monomer having a nitrogen-containing group such as styrene;
(F) Nitrogen-containing vinyl ether monomers such as vinyl-N-ethyl-N-phenylaminoethyl ether, vinyl-N-butyl-N-phenylaminoethyl ether, triethanolamine divinyl ether, vinylpyrrolidylamino ether.
[0021]
Other monomers include fluorine-containing monomers such as fluoroethyl methacrylate and pentadecafluorooctyl acrylate.
A monomer copolymerizable with a reactive silicone compound is polymerized in a non-aqueous solvent in the presence of a polymerization initiator in an amount of 1 to 90 / 10-99 parts by weight.
If necessary, it is necessary to polymerize with a monomer structure that imparts fixability and dispersibility polarity controllability.
[0022]
Binary, ternary copolymers, graft copolymers, and crosslinked polymer block copolymers can be used as necessary.
Usual polymerization such as isoparaffin, normal paraffin, silicone oil, fatty acid ester, food oil as polymerization solvent, and benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, di-t-butyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide as polymerization initiator Initiators can be used.
[0023]
Non-aqueous solvents used in producing the colorant in the present invention include aliphatic hydrocarbons, silicone oils, fatty acid esters, low molecular weight polyolefins, low molecular weight copolymers containing olefins as monomer components, and halogenated aliphatic carbonizations. Hydrogen or the like, and the former five are preferable.
[0024]
As the aliphatic hydrocarbon, hexane, pentane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane and the like are used. Moreover, various electrically insulating aliphatic hydrocarbon mixed liquids having a boiling range: 68 to 250 ° C .: electric resistance: 10 9 Ω · cm or more in volume resistance; dielectric constant: 3 or less can be used. Such a mixed liquid is a mixed liquid used as a carrier liquid for an electrophotographic liquid developer. When the mixed liquid is used as a non-aqueous solvent in carrying out the colorant manufacturing method of the present invention, the mixed liquid is manufactured according to the present invention. An electrophotographic liquid developer or inkjet ink using the colored particles to be used as a colorant can be produced in one step. Examples of such liquid mixture include “Isopar G”, “Isopar H”, “Isopar L”, “Isopar M” and “Isopar V” manufactured and sold by Exxon Corporation. Is particularly preferred.
[0025]
Commercially available products may be used as the silicone oil used in the non-aqueous solvent, for example, KF-995, KF-994, KF-86, KF-85, KF-96-300cs, KF96 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. -1000cs, KF96-5000cs, KF-96-1.5cs, etc. may be used.
Fatty acid esters used in the non-aqueous solvent are isopropyl maleate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl laurate, ethyl oleate, butyl myristate, and the like.
[0026]
The colorant of the present invention contains at least a reactive silicone compound having an active hydrogen and a pigment and / or dye as a raw material, and an isocyanate compound. The dispersion in which these raw materials are dispersed in a non-aqueous solvent is heated to react. Provided by letting.
[0027]
That is, a pigment and / or dye is sufficiently uniformly dispersed in an active hydrogen-containing reactive silicone compound and then reacted with an isocyanate compound, thereby producing a colorant in which colored resin particles that are urethanized and crosslinked are highly dispersed. It features. If the raw material pigment or dye has an active hydrogen-containing group, it reacts with the isocyanate compound to urethanize, so that the integration of the resin particles with the pigment or dye is strengthened, and the colorant characteristics can be improved. . These urethanization reactions are carried out in a non-aqueous solvent. If a carrier liquid used for an electrophotographic liquid developer is used in this non-aqueous solvent, the electrophotographic liquid developer can be produced in one step. . Similarly, if a non-aqueous solvent is appropriately selected according to the purpose, various inks and paints can be obtained by adding a solvent and an additive to the colorant dispersion after production.
Next, the raw materials used in the production of the colorant of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0028]
(1) Reactive silicone compound As a reactive silicone compound, 1 type, or 2 or more types of mixtures chosen from the compound group shown by the following general formula (1)-(4) are used.
[0029]
[Chemical 1]
[0030]
In the general formulas (1) to (4), R 1 to R 29 may be the same or different, and these represent a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a phenyl group. . X 1 to X 7 may be the same or different, but these are substituents having active hydrogen that react with the isocyanate compound, and specifically represent the following substituents. N and m represent an integer of 1 or more.
[0031]
[Chemical formula 2]
[0032]
Of the compounds represented by the general formulas (1) to (4), compounds particularly preferred as the colorant raw material of the present invention are specifically exemplified in Tables 1 to 4, but in Table 1, compounds represented by the general formula (1) Table 2 illustrates compounds of the general formula (2), Table 3 illustrates compounds of the general formula (3), and Table 4 illustrates compounds of the general formula (4).
[0033]
[Table 1]
[0034]
[Table 2]
[0035]
[Table 3]
[0036]
[Table 4]
[0037]
(2) Isocyanate Compound The isocyanate compound used as a colorant raw material in the present invention is a polyvalent isocyanate compound such as a diisocyanate compound or a triisocyanate compound. That is, paraphenylene diisocyanate, 2-chloro-1,4-phenyl diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenyl Diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate and the like. Moreover, the urethane resin in which the isocyanate group remains can also be used as the isocyanate compound. For example, a product obtained by reacting 1 mol of trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1.1 mol of decanediol, and 0.4 mol of glycerin at 100 ° C. for 6 hours, a mixture in which 0.2% by weight of isocyanate remains is an isocyanate compound. Can be used as
[0038]
(3) Pigments and dyes The pigments and dyes used in the colorant material in the present invention are not limited, and carbon black, spirit black, aniline black, oil black, nigrosine, wool black, blue black E, alkali blue, phthalocyanine blue, Oil Blue, Acid Blue, Dianidine Blue, Victoria Blue, Methylene Blue, Chrysoidine, Sutan Violet, Crystal Violet, Oil Violet, Methyl Violet, Phthalocyanine Green, Acid Black Green, Malachite Green, Safranine, Brilliant Carmine 6B, Rhodamine 6G Lake, First Red, Oil Red, Congo Red, Auramin, Rhodamine B Lake, Barium Red 2B, Calcium Red 2B, Stroke Titanium Red, Manganese Red 2B, Barium Sole Red, Calcium Red 52, Lake Red C, Formaloon L-58, Brilliant Carmine 3B, Brilliant Scarlet G, Quinacridone Magenta, Bismarck Brown, Benzidine Yellow, Hansa Yellow, First Yellow G, First Yellow 10G , Disazo Yellow AAA, Disazo Yellow AAMX, Disazo Yellow AAOT, Disazo Yellow AAOA; Kayaset Yellow AG, Kayaset Red B, Kayaset Blue FR, Kayathelon Yellow E-5G, Kayathelon Yellow E-3GL, Kayatheron Yellow E-HGL, Kaya Theron Red E-GL, Kaya Theron Red E-BF, Kaya Theron Red E-2BL, Kaya Theron Blue E-2BL, Selon Blue E-BR, Kayatheron Blue E-BG, Kayathelon Blue E-5G, Kayathelon Torkies Blue E-GL, Kayatheron Navy Blue E-EX, Kayatheron Black E-EX ); Sumikaron Brilliant Flavin S-10G, Sumikaron Yellow SE-5G, Sumikaron Yellow SE-3GLConc. , Sumikaron Yellow SE-RPD, Sumikaron Yellow E-RPD, Sumikaron Yellow S-R, Sumikaron Yellow S-RPD, Sumikaron Orange SE-RPD, Sumikaron Orange SR, Sumikaron Red E-3BR, Sumikaron Red S-BDF, Sumikaron Red E-RPD, Sumikaron Red E-FBL, Sumikaron Red S-BLF, Sumikaron Red S-RPD, Sumikaron Red S-BF, Sumikaron Blue S-3RF, Sumika Use Karon Blue E-GRL, Sumikaron Blue SE-RF, Sumikaron Blue E-R, Sumikaron Blue E-BL, Sumikaron Blue E-FBL, Sumikaron Blue E (above, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) be able to.
Table 5 shows examples of the coloring material having active hydrogen that is particularly preferable as the coloring material in the present invention.
[0039]
[Table 5]
[0040]
The low molecular weight polyolefin used for the non-aqueous solvent is a polyolefin having a molecular weight of 3000 or less.
Low molecular weight copolymers containing olefins used in non-aqueous solvents are ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers, propylene-lauryl methacrylate-acrylic acid copolymers, etc., and low molecular weight copolymers that remain liquid under reaction conditions If it is good.
As the halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon used for the non-aqueous solvent, perchlorethylene, pentachloroethane, or the like is used.
[0041]
In the case of producing a colorant in the method of the present invention, a reactive monomer such as lauryl methacrylate, acrylic acid, styrene, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, benzoyl peroxide (BPO), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), etc. The polymerization initiator may be added, and the addition of these may improve the physical properties of the resin constituting the colored particles. In addition, for the purpose of controlling the particle size of the obtained resin particles and improving the dispersibility, it is also possible to add a surfactant that does not interfere with the urethanization reaction. In addition, it is also possible to add known additives that are added at the time of crosslinking reaction or emulsion formation, if necessary.
[0042]
The colorant raw material described in detail above is 1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight of pigment and / or dye per 100 parts by weight of the non-aqueous solvent; 0.1 to 80 parts by weight of reactive silicone compound; Preferably it is 5 to 50 parts by weight; the isocyanate compound is mixed so as to be 0.05 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight, and after being well dispersed, it may be heated and reacted. In this case, if the coloring pigment of the coloring material is less than 1 part by weight, the coloring power is weak, and if it exceeds 50 parts by weight, the particle diameter increases and the dispersibility decreases. Further, when the amount of the reactive silicone compound added is less than 0.1 parts by weight, the water / oil repellency of the resulting colored particles is lowered, and when it exceeds 80 parts by weight, the dispersibility of the colored particles is lowered. If the amount of the isocyanate compound added is less than 0.05 parts by weight, the reactivity and bonding between the resin particles and the coloring pigment of the coloring material will decrease, and if it exceeds 50 parts by weight, the particle size will increase and the dispersibility will decrease. To do.
[0043]
The colorant material having the above composition is dispersed and mixed for 1 to 5 hours, preferably 2 to 4 hours in a powerful dispersion mixer such as a ball mill or an attritor, and then the reaction temperature is 60 to 150 ° C, preferably 80 to 100 ° C. The desired colorant can be obtained by reacting for 2 to 24 hours, preferably 3 to 15 hours.
[0044]
The colored particles obtained here can be used in liquid developers, various inks, paints and the like without being separated from the non-aqueous solvent. For example, by simply diluting the colorant obtained as described above with a solvent, or together with solvent dilution, a charge control agent, a viscosity modifier, a surfactant for improving dispersibility of colored particles, a non-aqueous solvent, etc. Can be added as necessary to obtain an electrophotographic liquid developer. As the charge control agent, electron donating dyes such as nigrosine dyes and metal soaps are used for positive charging, and electron accepting organic complexes such as chromium-containing dyes and metal salts of dodecylbenzene sulfonate are used for negative charging. used. Further, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol and the like are used as the viscosity modifier, and dodecylbenzene sulfonate sodium sorbitan monooleate and the like are used as the surfactant.
[0045]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention further more concretely, this invention is not limited by this Example. The parts described below are parts by weight.
Example 1
100 parts of ISOPAR M, 10 parts of carbon black (Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd. # 44) and 50 parts of reactive silicone compound No. 1 listed in Table 1 were dispersed in an attritor for 2 hours. While maintaining at 80 ° C. with stirring, 15 parts of paraphenylene diisocyanate was added, and this was reacted at 90 ° C. with good stirring for 10 hours. After completion of the reaction, a liquid toner A containing black resin particles having an average particle diameter of 1.5 μm was obtained.
When copying was performed using the liquid toner A by the image forming process of FIG. 1, the image density was 1.20, the gradation was 6 steps, and the resolution was 6.3 lines / mm.
[0046]
Example 2
In Example 1, oil was used instead of Isopar M as the non-aqueous solvent, and liquid toner B was obtained in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except for the other conditions. When a copy experiment was attempted in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, a copy image having an image density of 1.21, a resolution of 6.3 lines / mm, and a gradation of 7.0 was obtained, and the image fixing rate was 72%.
[0047]
(Fixing rate is measured by clock meter method)
Example 3
100 parts of silicone oil KF96-300CS, 15 parts of phthalocyanine blue, 30 parts of methacryl-modified silicone compound (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd .: X-22-5002), 5 parts of 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 3 parts of BPO and acrylic acid 2 parts were charged into a flask and reacted at 90 ° C. for 12 hours with good stirring to produce liquid toner C containing cyan resin particles.
A copy experiment was attempted in exactly the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the image density was 1.28, the resolution was 6.3 lines / mm, the gradation was 7 steps, and the fixing rate was 74%.
[0048]
Example 4
A liquid toner D was prepared in exactly the same manner as in Example 3 except that the reactive silicone compound No. 4 shown in Table 2 was used instead of the methacryl-modified silicone compound used in Example 3. When this toner was used for the same evaluation experiment as in Example 3, a high-quality copy image having an image density of 1.44, a resolution of 7.2 lines / mm, and a gradation of 7.0 steps was obtained. . The liquid toner D produced in this example was a toner that gave a water-repellent oil-repellent copy image, and could be fixed by a heat roller. The image fixing rate was as extremely high as 81%.
[0049]
Example 5
A liquid toner E was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 except that Acid Red 154 shown in Table 5 was used instead of phthalocyanine blue, and the same evaluation test as in Example 4 was tried. As a result, an extremely excellent copy image having an image density of 1.32, a resolution of 7.3 lines / mm, and a gradation of 8.0 is obtained, and the image fixing rate is as extremely high as 83% even when fixed by a heat roller. There was no offset. Further, the residual liquid toner on the photoconductor, the developing roller, and the belt can be easily cleaned with a cleaning roller or a blade.
[0059]
【The invention's effect】
Riga image density due to image formation in the liquid toner using a copolymer of the reactive silicone compound and the colorant in the image forming method according to claim 1, resolution, is obtained having a high gradation. In addition, an improvement in the fixing property of the copy is recognized .
Claim 2 of the dispersion medium Rigen image roller by the using the coatability of the liquid toner becomes possible development of high quality to become uniform to the belt.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows an example of an image forming process to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 shows another example of an image forming process to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 3 shows another example of an image forming process to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 4 shows another example of an image forming process to which the present invention is applied.
Claims (2)
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JP32130197A JP3727457B2 (en) | 1997-11-21 | 1997-11-21 | Image forming method |
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JP32130197A JP3727457B2 (en) | 1997-11-21 | 1997-11-21 | Image forming method |
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JP2001147548A (en) * | 1999-11-22 | 2001-05-29 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Electrophotographic toner and image forming method |
US6287741B1 (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2001-09-11 | Research Laboratories Of Australia Pty Ltd | Liquid toner composition |
JP2008203681A (en) * | 2007-02-21 | 2008-09-04 | Seiko Epson Corp | Insulating liquid, liquid developer, method for producing liquid developer, and image forming apparatus |
JP5609286B2 (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2014-10-22 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Liquid developer and image forming apparatus |
JP5880349B2 (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2016-03-09 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Liquid developer, developer cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus and image forming method |
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