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JP3721400B2 - Tissue regeneration agent - Google Patents

Tissue regeneration agent Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3721400B2
JP3721400B2 JP2002272708A JP2002272708A JP3721400B2 JP 3721400 B2 JP3721400 B2 JP 3721400B2 JP 2002272708 A JP2002272708 A JP 2002272708A JP 2002272708 A JP2002272708 A JP 2002272708A JP 3721400 B2 JP3721400 B2 JP 3721400B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
tissue
agent
tissue regeneration
glucosamine
regeneration agent
Prior art date
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JP2002272708A
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JP2004107265A (en
Inventor
善彦 林
嘉治郎 柳口
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国立大学法人 長崎大学
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Description

【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は、グルコサミンおよび/またはそのを有効成分として含有する組織再生剤に関し、特に、線維性結合組織の再生および石灰化組織の誘導をもたらす組織再生剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
グルコサミン(単糖類)は、カニやエビの外殻に含まれる成分であるキチンを化学処理して得られるキトサン(多糖類)の構成成分であり、生体中には糖タンパク質の成分として存在し、軟骨、関節液、血管壁等の結合組織に分布している。また、グルコサミンは、臨床的には、変形性関節症の治療に対して、注射や経口により投与されて使用されており、疼痛を緩和する等の成果を上げているが、損傷した組織の再生分野においては、これまで利用されていない。
【0003】
ところで、歯科領域において、感染症や外傷等により、歯の硬組織の内側にある軟組織である歯髄が欠損した場合、その治療には、歯髄が露出した箇所に覆髄剤としての水酸化カルシウム製剤を直接塗布して創面を保護し、治癒を図る方法(直接覆髄法)が一般的である(例えば非特許文献1参照)。
しかし、この方法では、水酸化カルシウムが強アルカリ性(pH約12.5)であるため、これにより組織が一層壊死に陥り、その壊死層はそのまま残存し、欠損した歯髄組織の容積は再生・回復されないという不都合がある。
これに対して、本発明者らは、覆髄剤として、キトサンを使用する方法、およびこれを改良したキトサンとビタミンCを併用する方法を試みたが、前者は、部分的には線維芽細胞の増殖が見られたものの、インターロイキン─8の産生促進に由来する多形核白血球の浸潤を主体とした初期炎症反応が顕著であり、一方、後者では、初期炎症反応の若干の減少が見られたに留まり、満足のいく結果は得られなかった(例えば非特許文献2〜4参照)。
【0004】
【非特許文献1】
「エンドドンティクス21」永末書店、2000年3月31日第1版第1刷、p196〜199
【非特許文献2】
池田毅ら、「BIO INDUSTORY」2002年、19巻、4号、p22〜30
【非特許文献3】
T. Ikeda ら 「Chitosan per os」 p275-292, 2000
【非特許文献4】
K. Yanagiguchi ら 「Chitin and Chitosan」 p240-243 2001
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明は、上記不都合を解消して、安全で有効な組織再生剤の提供を目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明者らは、生体親和性の高いキトサンを中心に鋭意研究を進めた結果、キトサンの構成単位であるグルコサミンが有効であることを突き止め、本発明を完成するに至った。
本発明にかかる組織再生剤は、グルコサミンおよび/またはそのを含有し、その塩は、特に塩酸塩、乳酸塩、酢酸塩、リン酸塩およびクエン酸塩からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の塩であるとより好ましい。また、本発明の組織再生剤により、好適に再生される組織は、線維性結合組織である。さらに、本剤により、組織が再生されることにより、損傷した歯髄、歯周組織、皮膚、もしくは粘膜の修復、または硬組織の誘導を図ることができる。さらに、グルコサミンおよび/またはそのを含有する組織再生剤に、さらにグリセロリン酸カルシウムを含有させることにより、石灰化物の生成を促進して創面の被覆形成を速やかに図ることができる。また、本剤の形態は、塗布剤または填塞剤として使用することができる。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明を詳細に説明する。
グルコサミンは、カニ、エビの殻を原料として得られるため、安価であることに加え、
生体成分であることから、安全性も高く、汎用性が極めて高い。
本発明にかかる組織再生剤は、組織の回復、再生を目的とする観点からは、グルコサミンおよび/またはその塩を100%の配合割合で使用することが望ましいが、塗布剤、填塞剤等適用形態に応じて、粉末状、ペースト状、液状等種々の形態を採用でき、適宜、添加剤を配合することができる。
また、回復、再生される損傷組織としては、歯髄の他、歯周組織、皮膚、粘膜等を例示でき、線維芽細胞の生成により、線維性結合組織の形成を経由する等して損傷部位は治癒される。本発明の組織再生剤によると、従来製剤に見られた初期炎症反応の持続はない。
0008
本剤に、さらにグリセロリン酸カルシウム(例えば、ナカライ社製、規格特級品)を配合した場合には、本剤の粘度調整が可能であるのみならず、石灰化物の生成を促進でき、損傷部はハイドロキシアパタイトからなる石灰化物で被覆あるいは修復されることができる。なお、組織再生作用に加えて石灰化物の生成を促進する目的のためには、グリセロリン酸カルシウムの配合量は5mM以上であることが好ましい。
本発明の組織再生剤の有効成分であるグルコサミンは、キトサンに比べて分子量が小さく、組織に付着し易いため、適用された創傷治癒促進を一層図ることができると考えられる。
0009
【実施例】
本発明を具体的に説明する。
組織再生剤としてグルコサミン塩酸塩(甲陽ケミカル社製コーヨーグルコサミン)100%を使用し、本剤の組織再生効果をラットの歯に対して実験し確認した。
先ず、ラットに腹腔内全身麻酔を施した後、下顎骨を一部露出させ、オトガイ孔下方の骨表面からラウンドバーで骨を切削し、続いて切歯外側の硬組織である歯質を切削し、窩洞を形成した。その後、歯質内側の軟組織である歯髄を、鋭利な探針で点状に露出させ(参照:ImaiおよびHayashi共著「Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine」1993年、22巻、411〜417頁)、露髄部の洗浄および止血を図り、前記窩洞に前記組織再生剤を覆髄剤として貼付して、直接覆髄法を施した。
0010
術後、0日目(術直後)、1日目、3日目、5日目、および7日目に、それぞれラットを全身麻酔下に屠殺し、通法(文献同上)にしたがって、標本を作成した。すなわち、パラホルムアルデヒドとグルタールアルデヒドとの混合固定液で採取した組織を固定した後、アルコール脱水を行い、エポキシレジンに包埋して作成した。
実験では、厚さ約2μmの切片を作成し、トルイジンブルー染色を施した後、光学顕微鏡下で歯髄の創傷治癒過程を観察した。それらの顕微鏡写真(300倍像)を図1〜5に示す。
0011
術直後:図1参照
窩洞内の大部分は貼付した組織再生剤で満たされており(図1左側)、隙間には赤血球が観察される。露出した歯髄の表層(図1の中央部)には破壊された細胞がわずかに見られる。
術後1日目:図2参照
窩洞内の大部分は貼付した組織再生剤で満たされている(主に図2の左側)が、間隙には初期炎症反応として多形核白血球(好中球)が軽度に出現している。しかし、術後に認められた組織の破壊、壊死部は拡大した傾向が認められない。
術後3日目:図3参照
術後1日目まで見られた貼付組織再生剤はほぼ消失しており、その代わりに、術後生じていた組織欠損部は増殖した線維芽細胞と細胞外基質によって置き換わっている。好中球を主体とした炎症性細胞浸潤もほぼ消退している。
0012
術後5日目:図4参照
貼付した組織再生剤は完全に消失しており、術後生じていた組織欠損部は増殖した線維芽細胞と細胞外基質によって完全に置き換わっている。露髄部付近に一部、石灰化物様構造も観察できる。
術後7日目:図5参照
術後に生じていた組織欠損部は線維性結合組織によって完全に修復、再生されている。
また、術後5日目に観察された石灰化物は大きさおよび数、共に増している。
0013
以上の観察結果から、本組織再生剤を直接覆髄法の覆髄剤として使用した場合、従来の水酸化カルシウム法と比べて、初期の炎症反応が極めて弱いこと、さらに術後3日目から旺盛な細胞の増殖が起こることから、極めて優秀な組織再生剤であることがわかる。初期炎症反応が軽減したことの理由としては、キトサンを使用した場合には引き起こされていた好中球、大食細胞の化学走性が、モノマー構造であるグルコサミンを使用することによって、極めて軽減されたことによる。
さらに、歯の軟組織である歯髄のみならず硬組織の誘導も観察されたことから、本発明の組織再生剤は極めて広い用途が期待できる。
0014
【発明の効果】
本発明の組織再生剤は生体親和性が極めて高く、本発明の組織再生剤によると、従来の水酸化カルシウムを利用した場合やキトサンおよびこれにビタミンCを併用した場合における組織の壊死や初期炎症反応の持続を回避して、欠損した組織を再生させることが可能となる。
また、本発明の組織再生剤によると、軟組織の再生のみならず硬組織も誘導されるため、歯髄の他、歯周組織、皮膚、粘膜等も線維芽細胞から線維性結合組織の生成や石灰化物の生成へと至る経路等を経て、再生、回復され、損傷部位の治癒を安全に、効果的に図ることができる。
また、グルコサミンは、カニやエビの殻から得られるため、豊富に存在し、安価に入手できることに加え、軟骨に含まれるコンドロイチン硫酸の構成要素でもあり、安全性の点でも問題はない。さらに、コンドロイチン硫酸の補給源ともなり、健康増進面からも有益である。
さらに、取り扱いも容易であることから、臨床的使用のみならず、家庭においても、綿棒、楊枝等を用いて、軽度の創傷部へ塗布する等の利用が可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 術直後の組織の状態を示す。
【図2】 術後、1日目の組織再生の状態を示す。
【図3】 術後、3日目の組織再生の状態を示す。
【図4】 術後、5日目の組織再生の状態を示す。
【図5】 術後、7日目の組織再生の状態を示す。
[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to a tissue regeneration agent containing glucosamine and / or a salt thereof as an active ingredient, and more particularly to a tissue regeneration agent that causes regeneration of fibrous connective tissue and induction of calcified tissue.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Glucosamine (monosaccharide) is a component of chitosan (polysaccharide) obtained by chemical treatment of chitin, which is a component contained in crab and shrimp shells, and exists in the body as a component of glycoprotein. It is distributed in connective tissues such as cartilage, synovial fluid, and blood vessel walls. In addition, glucosamine is clinically used for the treatment of osteoarthritis by injection or oral administration, and has achieved results such as pain relief, but regeneration of damaged tissue. It has not been used in the field so far.
[0003]
By the way, in the dental field, when the dental pulp, which is a soft tissue inside the hard tissue of a tooth, is lost due to infection, trauma, etc., a calcium hydroxide preparation as a capping agent is used for the treatment in the place where the pulp is exposed. In general, a method (direct capping method) that protects the wound surface and applies healing is applied directly (see Non-Patent Document 1, for example).
However, in this method, since calcium hydroxide is strongly alkaline (pH about 12.5), the tissue becomes more necrotic, the necrotic layer remains as it is, and the volume of the missing dental pulp tissue is regenerated / recovered. There is an inconvenience that it is not.
On the other hand, the present inventors tried a method using chitosan as a pulp capping agent and a method using a combination of chitosan improved with this and vitamin C. The former is partially a fibroblast. However, in the latter case, the initial inflammatory response was slightly decreased, mainly due to infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes derived from the promotion of interleukin-8 production. However, satisfactory results were not obtained (see, for example, Non-Patent Documents 2 to 4).
[0004]
[Non-Patent Document 1]
"Endontics 21", Nagasue Shoten, March 31, 2000, 1st edition, 1st edition, p196-199
[Non-Patent Document 2]
Satoshi Ikeda et al., “BIO INDUSTORY” 2002, Vol. 19, No. 4, p22-30
[Non-Patent Document 3]
T. Ikeda et al. “Chitosan per os” p275-292, 2000
[Non-Patent Document 4]
K. Yanagiguchi et al. “Chitin and Chitosan” p240-243 2001
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to provide a safe and effective tissue regenerative agent that overcomes the above disadvantages.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have conducted extensive research centering on chitosan having a high biocompatibility, and as a result, have found that glucosamine, which is a constituent unit of chitosan, is effective, and completed the present invention. It came.
The tissue regeneration agent according to the present invention contains glucosamine and / or a salt thereof , and the salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrochloride, lactate, acetate, phosphate and citrate. More preferred is a salt of Moreover, the tissue suitably regenerated by the tissue regeneration agent of the present invention is a fibrous connective tissue. Furthermore, the tissue can be regenerated by this agent, so that damaged dental pulp, periodontal tissue, skin or mucous membrane can be repaired, or hard tissue can be induced. Furthermore, by making the tissue regeneration agent containing glucosamine and / or a salt thereof further contain calcium glycerophosphate, it is possible to accelerate the formation of calcified products and promptly form a coating on the wound surface. Moreover, the form of this agent can be used as a coating agent or a filling agent.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in detail.
In addition to being cheap, glucosamine is obtained from crab and shrimp shells.
Since it is a biological component, it is highly safe and extremely versatile.
The tissue regenerative agent according to the present invention preferably uses glucosamine and / or a salt thereof at a blending ratio of 100% from the viewpoint of tissue recovery and regeneration. Depending on the type, various forms such as powder, paste, and liquid can be adopted, and additives can be appropriately blended.
In addition to the dental pulp, periodontal tissues, skin, mucous membranes, etc. can be exemplified as damaged tissues that are recovered and regenerated. By generating fibroblasts, the damaged site is determined through the formation of fibrous connective tissue. Healed. According to the tissue regeneration agent of the present invention, there is no persistence of the initial inflammatory response seen in the conventional preparations.
[ 0008 ]
When calcium glycerophosphate (for example, manufactured by Nacalai Co., Ltd., special grade) is added to this agent, not only can the viscosity of this agent be adjusted, but it can also promote the formation of calcifications and It can be coated or repaired with calcified material comprising apatite. In addition to the tissue regeneration action, the amount of calcium glycerophosphate is preferably 5 mM or more for the purpose of promoting the formation of calcified products.
Glucosamine, which is an active ingredient of the tissue regenerating agent of the present invention, has a lower molecular weight than chitosan and easily adheres to the tissue, so it is considered that the applied wound healing can be further promoted.
[ 0009 ]
【Example】
The present invention will be specifically described.
Using 100% glucosamine hydrochloride (Koyo glucosamine manufactured by Koyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a tissue regeneration agent, the tissue regeneration effect of this agent was tested and confirmed on rat teeth.
First, after intraperitoneal general anesthesia was given to the rat, a part of the mandible was exposed, and the bone was cut with a round bar from the surface of the bone below the pit hole, followed by cutting of the dental tissue that is the hard tissue outside the incisor And a cavity was formed. Thereafter, the pulp, which is a soft tissue inside the tooth, was exposed in a point-like manner using a sharp probe (see: Imai and Hayashi, “Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine”, 1993, Vol. 22, pages 411 to 417). The spinal cord was washed and hemostatic, and the tissue regeneration agent was applied to the cavity as a capping agent, and the capping method was performed directly.
[ 0010 ]
On the 0th day (immediately after the operation), 1st day, 3rd day, 5th day, and 7th day after the operation, the rats were sacrificed under general anesthesia, respectively, Created. That is, the tissue collected with a mixed fixative of paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde was fixed and then dehydrated with alcohol and embedded in an epoxy resin.
In the experiment, a section with a thickness of about 2 μm was prepared, and after toluidine blue staining, the wound healing process of the pulp was observed under an optical microscope. Those photomicrographs (300 magnifications) are shown in FIGS.
[ 0011 ]
Immediately after the operation: see FIG. 1 Most of the cavity is filled with the applied tissue regenerative agent (left side of FIG. 1), and red blood cells are observed in the gap. Slightly destroyed cells are seen on the exposed pulp surface (middle of FIG. 1).
Day 1 after surgery: see Fig. 2 Most of the cavity is filled with the applied tissue regenerant (mainly the left side of Fig. 2), but polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) are present in the gap as an initial inflammatory reaction. ) Appears slightly. However, there is no tendency for the tissue destruction and necrosis observed after surgery to expand.
3 days after operation: see FIG. 3 The adhesive tissue regenerating agent seen until day 1 after the operation has almost disappeared. Instead, the tissue defect that occurred after the operation was caused by proliferating fibroblasts and extracellular cells. It is replaced by the substrate. Inflammatory cell infiltration, mainly neutrophils, has almost disappeared.
[ 0012 ]
On the fifth day after the operation: see FIG. 4 The tissue regenerative agent applied has disappeared completely, and the tissue defect that occurred after the operation is completely replaced by the proliferated fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. Some calcified structures can also be observed near the exposed portion.
Day 7 after surgery: see FIG. 5 The tissue defect that occurred after surgery has been completely repaired and regenerated by fibrous connective tissue.
Moreover, both the size and the number of calcifications observed on the fifth day after the operation are increasing.
[ 0013 ]
From the above observation results, when this tissue regeneration agent is used directly as a pulp capping agent in the pulp capping method, the initial inflammatory reaction is extremely weak compared to the conventional calcium hydroxide method, and from the third day after surgery. Since vigorous cell growth occurs, it can be seen that this is an extremely excellent tissue regeneration agent. The reason for the reduction of the initial inflammatory response is that the chemotaxis of neutrophils and macrophages, which was caused when chitosan was used, was greatly reduced by using glucosamine, a monomeric structure. It depends.
Furthermore, since induction of not only dental pulp, which is a soft tissue of teeth, but also hard tissue was observed, the tissue regenerating agent of the present invention can be expected to have a very wide range of uses.
[ 0014 ]
【The invention's effect】
The tissue regeneration agent of the present invention has extremely high biocompatibility, and according to the tissue regeneration agent of the present invention, tissue necrosis and initial inflammation in the case of using conventional calcium hydroxide or in combination with chitosan and vitamin C. It is possible to regenerate the deficient tissue while avoiding the persistence of the reaction.
In addition, since the tissue regenerating agent of the present invention induces not only soft tissue regeneration but also hard tissue, periodontal tissues, skin, mucous membranes, etc., in addition to dental pulp, generation of fibrous connective tissue from fibroblasts and lime It can be regenerated and recovered through a route leading to the formation of a compound, and the damaged site can be cured safely and effectively.
In addition, glucosamine is obtained from crab and shrimp shells, so it is abundant and can be obtained at low cost, and is also a component of chondroitin sulfate contained in cartilage, and there is no problem in terms of safety. In addition, it is a source of chondroitin sulfate supplementation, which is beneficial for health promotion.
Furthermore, since it is easy to handle, it can be used not only for clinical use, but also at home, such as application to a mild wound using a cotton swab, toothpick or the like.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the state of tissue immediately after surgery.
FIG. 2 shows the state of tissue regeneration on the first day after surgery.
FIG. 3 shows the state of tissue regeneration on the third day after surgery.
FIG. 4 shows the state of tissue regeneration on the fifth day after surgery.
FIG. 5 shows the state of tissue regeneration on the seventh day after surgery.

Claims (5)

グルコサミンおよび/またはその塩を含有し、損傷した歯髄または歯周組織の修復に適用される、組織再生剤。 It contains glucosamine and / or its salt is applied to the damaged pulp or repair of periodontal tissue, tissue regeneration agents. 前記グルコサミンの塩が、塩酸塩、乳酸塩、酢酸塩、リン酸塩およびクエン酸塩からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の塩である、請求項1記載の組織再生剤。  The tissue regeneration agent according to claim 1, wherein the salt of glucosamine is at least one salt selected from the group consisting of hydrochloride, lactate, acetate, phosphate and citrate. 前記組織が線維性結合組織である、請求項1または請求項2記載の組織再生剤。  The tissue regeneration agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tissue is a fibrous connective tissue. さらにグリセロリン酸カルシウムを含有する、請求項1〜3のうちいずれか1項に記載の組織再生剤。  Furthermore, the tissue regeneration agent of any one of Claims 1-3 containing a calcium glycerophosphate. 塗布剤または填塞剤として使用される、請求項1〜4のうちいずれか1項に記載の組織再生剤  The tissue regeneration agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is used as a coating agent or a filling agent.
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