JP3698758B2 - Method for producing L-leucine by fermentation - Google Patents
Method for producing L-leucine by fermentation Download PDFInfo
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- JP3698758B2 JP3698758B2 JP16512695A JP16512695A JP3698758B2 JP 3698758 B2 JP3698758 B2 JP 3698758B2 JP 16512695 A JP16512695 A JP 16512695A JP 16512695 A JP16512695 A JP 16512695A JP 3698758 B2 JP3698758 B2 JP 3698758B2
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Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は発酵法によるL−ロイシンの製造法に関する。L−ロイシンはヒトおよび動物にとって栄養上重要な役割を有するアミノ酸であり、医薬品、食品および飼料添加物などに用いられている。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
直接発酵によるL−ロイシンの製造法としては、セラチア属、コリネバクテリウム属およびアースロバクター属などの微生物を用いる方法が知られている。エシェリヒア属の微生物を用いるL−ロイシンの製造法としては、β−2−チエニルアラニンに耐性を有する微生物を用いる方法(特開昭56−72695)などが知られている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、医薬品、食品および飼料添加物などとして有用なL−ロイシンの工業的に効率よい製造方法を提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明によれば、エシェリヒア属に属し、ロイシンアナログに耐性を有し、かつL−ロイシン生産能を有する微生物を培地に培養し、培養物中にL−ロイシンを生成蓄積させ、該培養物よりL−ロイシンを採取することを特徴とするL−ロイシンの製造法を提供することができる。
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0005】
本発明に用いられる微生物としては、エシェリヒア属に属し、ロイシンアナログに耐性を有し、かつL−ロイシン生産能を有していればいずれの微生物でも用いることができる。
ロイシンアナログとしては、4−アザロイシン、5,5,5−トリフルオロロイシンなどがあげられる。
【0006】
本発明のL−ロイシン生産菌は、エシェリヒア属に属し、かつL−ロイシン生産能を有する微生物を通常の変異手段により変異させ、ロイシンアナログ耐性を付与することにより取得できる。また野生株から誘導したロイシンアナログに耐性を有する変異株に、L−ロイシン生産性を向上させる変異を付与することによっても得ることができる。さらに、エシェリヒア属に属し、かつL−バリン生産能を有する微生物にロイシンアナログ耐性を付与することによっても得ることができる。エシェリヒア属に属し、L−バリン生産能を有する微生物としては、例えば、エシェリヒア・コリ(Escherichia coli)H−9068をあげることができる。本発明のL−ロイシン生産菌の好適な例としては4−アザロイシン耐性を付与したエシェリヒア・コリ(Escherichia coli)H−9070または5,5,5−トリフルオロロイシン耐性を付与したエシェリヒア・コリ(Escherichia coli)H−9072等をあげることができる。
【0007】
本発明の微生物によるL−ロイシンの生産は、通常の細菌培養法にて実施可能である。使用培地としては、炭素源、窒素源、無機物、その他使用菌株の必要とする微量の栄養素を程よく含有するものならば、合成培地または天然培地いずれも使用可能である。
炭素源としては、グルコース、フラクトース、ラクトース、糖蜜、セルロース加水分解物、粗糖加水分解物、澱粉加水分解物などの炭水化物、ピルビン酸、酢酸、フマル酸、リンゴ酸、乳酸などの有機酸、グリセリン、エタノールなどのアルコールなどが用いられる。
【0008】
窒素源としては、アンモニア、塩化アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウム、酢酸アンモニウム、リン酸アンモニウムなどの各種無機塩類や有機酸のアンモニウム塩、アミン類、ペプトン、肉エキス、コーンスチープリカー、カゼイン加水分解物、大豆粕加水分解物、各種発酵菌体およびその消化物などが用いられる。
無機物としては、リン酸第一カリウム、リン酸第二カリウム、リン酸マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、塩化ナトリウム、硫酸第一鉄、硫酸マンガン、硫酸銅、炭酸カルシウムなどが用いられる。
【0009】
培養は、振盪培養または通気撹拌培養などの好気的条件下で行われ、培養温度は20〜40℃で、好ましくは28〜37℃の範囲である。培地のpHはpH5〜9の範囲で、好ましくは中性付近に保持する。培地のpH調整は炭酸カルシウム、無機あるいは有機の酸、アルカリ溶液、アンモニア、pH緩衝液などによって行う。通常1〜7日間の培養により、培養液中にL−ロイシンが生成蓄積する。
【0010】
培養終了後、培養液から菌体などの沈殿物を除去し、イオン交換処理法、濃縮法、塩析法などを併用することにより、培養液からL−ロイシンを回収することができる。以下に本発明の実施例を示す。
【0011】
【実施例】
実施例1 4−アザロイシンまたは5,5,5−トリフルオロロイシンに耐性を有する変異株の取得
エシェリヒア・コリH−9068株(メチオニンおよびジアミノピメリン酸の要求性を有するエシェリヒア・コリATCC21530株から自然復帰変異により誘導されたメチオニンおよびジアミノピメリン酸の非要求株)を常法に従って、N−メチル−N’−ニトロ−N−ニトロソグアニジンによる変異処理(0.5mg/ml、33℃、30分間)を施した後、4−アザロイシン(1g/l)を含む最少寒天平板培地(グルコース 0.5%、塩化アンモニウム 0.2%、リン酸一カリウム 0.3%、リン酸二ナトリウム 0.6%、硫酸マグネシウム 0.01%、塩化カルシウム 20mg/l、寒天 2%、pH7.2)に塗布した。33℃で2〜5日間培養し、生育してくる大きなコロニーを4−アザロイシン耐性株として釣菌分離した。得られたコロニーから約10%の頻度で、親株よりL−ロイシン生産性の向上した株が得られた。このような変異株の中から最もL−ロイシン生産量の多い菌株をエシェリヒア・コリH−9070株と命名した。H−9070株はブダペスト条約に基づいて平成6年6月21日付けでFERM BP-4704として工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所に寄託されている。
【0012】
上記と同様の操作を4−アザロイシン(1g/l)の代わりに5,5,5−トリフルオロロイシン(0.3g/l)を用い実施し、5,5,5−トリフルオロロイシン耐性株として釣菌分離した。得られたコロニーから約10%の頻度で、親株よりL−ロイシン生産性の向上した株が得られた。このような変異株の中から最もL−ロイシン生産量の多い菌株をエシェリヒア・コリH−9072株と命名した。H−9072株はブダペスト条約に基づいて平成6年6月21日付けでFERM BP-4706として工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所に寄託されている。
【0013】
このようにして得られた変異株の4−アザロイシンまたは5,5,5−トリフルオロロイシンに対する耐性度を親株と比較した。第1表または第2表に示した濃度の4−アザロイシンまたは5,5,5−トリフルオロロイシンを含有する上記の最少寒天平板培地上に、天然寒天平板培地(トリプトン 1%、酵母エキス 0.5%、NaCl 1%、寒天 2%、pH7.2)上で24時間培養した菌体を滅菌水に懸濁して、1×103cells/cm2になるように塗布し、33℃、72時間培養後の生育の程度で耐性度を示した(第1表、第2表)。H−9070株、H−9072株は、それぞれ4−アザロイシン、5,5,5−トリフルオロロイシンに対する耐性度が親株H−9068株よりも向上している。
【0014】
【表1】
【0015】
【表2】
【0016】
実施例2 L−ロイシンの発酵生産試験(1)
実施例1で取得された変異株を用いL−ロイシンの発酵生産試験を行った。エシェリヒア・コリH−9068株、エシェリヒア・コリH−9070株、エシェリヒア・コリH−9072株を20mlの種培地(グルコース 2%、ペプトン 1%、酵母エキス 1%、NaCl 0.25%、pH7.0)を含む300ml容三角フラスコに接種して、30℃、16時間振盪培養した。得られた種培養液2mlを、250mlの生産培地(グルコース 6%、コーンスチープリカー 0.2%、硫酸アンモニウム 1.6%、リン酸一カリウム 0.1%、リン酸マグネシウム4%、炭酸カルシウム 1%、pH7.0)を含む2L容三角フラスコに接種して、30℃、72時間振盪培養した。培養終了液中のL−ロイシンの蓄積量は、高速液体クロマトグラフィー法により定量した。
【0017】
結果を第3表に示す。
【0018】
【表3】
【0019】
H−9070株、H−9072株を用いて得た上記L−ロイシン含有培養液1Lを遠心分離(3000rpm、10分間)し、菌体その他の不純物を除去した。
得られた上澄液を強酸性陽イオン交換樹脂ダイヤイオン(H+型)のカラムに通し、L−ロイシンを吸着させ、水洗後0.5規定のアンモニア水で溶出して、L−ロイシン画分を集めた。集めた画分を濃縮し、エタノールを加えて冷却下で保存することにより、純度98%以上のL−ロイシン結晶がそれぞれ2.6g、3.0g得られた。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、L−ロイシンを工業的に効率よく製造できる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for producing L-leucine by fermentation. L-leucine is an amino acid having a nutritionally important role for humans and animals, and is used in pharmaceuticals, foods, feed additives and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a method for producing L-leucine by direct fermentation, methods using microorganisms such as Serratia, Corynebacterium, and Arthrobacter are known. As a method for producing L-leucine using a microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia, a method using a microorganism having resistance to β-2-thienylalanine (JP-A-56-72695) is known.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide an industrially efficient method for producing L-leucine useful as a pharmaceutical, food, feed additive or the like.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, a microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia, having resistance to a leucine analog and having an ability to produce L-leucine is cultured in a medium, and L-leucine is produced and accumulated in the culture. A method for producing L-leucine, which is characterized by collecting L-leucine, can be provided.
The present invention is described in detail below.
[0005]
As the microorganism used in the present invention belongs to the genus Escherichia, it has resistance to a leucine analogue, and can be used in the Re microorganisms not have as long as it has the L- leucine-producing ability.
Examples of leucine analogs include 4-azaleucine and 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine.
[0006]
The L-leucine-producing bacterium of the present invention can be obtained by imparting leucine analog resistance by mutating a microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia and having the ability to produce L-leucine by a usual mutation means. Moreover, it can obtain also by providing the mutation which improves L-leucine productivity to the mutant which has resistance to the leucine analog induced | guided | derived from the wild strain. Furthermore, it can also be obtained by imparting leucine analog resistance to a microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia and having the ability to produce L-valine. Examples of the microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia and having L-valine-producing ability include Escherichia coli H-9068. Suitable examples of L- leucine-producing bacteria of the present invention Escherichia imparted with 4-azaleucine resistance coli (Escherichia coli) H-9070 or 5,5,5 Escherichia coli imparted with trifluoro-leucine resistance (Escherichia coli ) H-9072 and the like.
[0007]
Production of L-leucine by the microorganism of the present invention can be carried out by an ordinary bacterial culture method. As the medium used, any synthetic medium or natural medium can be used as long as it contains moderate amounts of nutrients required by the carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic substance, and other strains used.
As carbon sources, carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, lactose, molasses, cellulose hydrolyzate, crude sugar hydrolyzate, starch hydrolysate, organic acids such as pyruvic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, glycerin, Alcohol such as ethanol is used.
[0008]
Nitrogen sources include various inorganic salts such as ammonia, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium acetate and ammonium phosphate, ammonium salts of organic acids, amines, peptone, meat extract, corn steep liquor, casein hydrolyzate, soybean meal Decomposed products, various fermented bacterial cells and digested products thereof are used.
As the inorganic substance, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, calcium carbonate and the like are used.
[0009]
The culture is carried out under aerobic conditions such as shaking culture or aeration and agitation culture, and the culture temperature is 20 to 40 ° C, preferably 28 to 37 ° C. The pH of the medium is in the range of pH 5-9, preferably kept near neutral. The pH of the medium is adjusted with calcium carbonate, inorganic or organic acid, alkaline solution, ammonia, pH buffer solution, or the like. Usually, L-leucine is produced and accumulated in the culture medium by culturing for 1 to 7 days.
[0010]
After completion of the culture, L-leucine can be recovered from the culture solution by removing precipitates such as cells from the culture solution and using an ion exchange treatment method, a concentration method, a salting-out method, or the like. Examples of the present invention are shown below.
[0011]
【Example】
Example 1 Acquisition of mutant strain resistant to 4-azaleucine or 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine Escherichia coli H-9068 The methionine and diaminopimelic acid non-required strains derived from the above were subjected to mutation treatment (0.5 mg / ml, 33 ° C., 30 minutes) with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine according to a conventional method. Thereafter, a minimum agar plate medium containing 4-azaleucine (1 g / l) (glucose 0.5%, ammonium chloride 0.2%, monopotassium phosphate 0.3%, disodium phosphate 0.6%, magnesium sulfate 0.01%, calcium chloride 20 mg / l, agar 2%, pH 7.2). After culturing at 33 ° C. for 2 to 5 days, the growing large colony was isolated as a 4-azaleucine resistant strain. From the obtained colony, a strain with improved L-leucine productivity was obtained from the parent strain at a frequency of about 10%. Among these mutant strains, the strain with the highest L-leucine production was named Escherichia coli H-9070 strain. H-9070 strain has been deposited with the Institute of Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial Science and Technology as FERM BP-4704 on June 21, 1994, based on the Budapest Treaty.
[0012]
The same operation as described above was carried out using 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine (0.3 g / l) instead of 4-azaleucine (1 g / l) to obtain a 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine resistant strain. Fishing fungus isolated. From the obtained colony, a strain with improved L-leucine productivity was obtained from the parent strain at a frequency of about 10%. Among these mutant strains, the strain with the highest L-leucine production was named Escherichia coli H-9072. The H-9072 strain was deposited with the Institute of Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial Science and Technology as FERM BP-4706 on June 21, 1994, based on the Budapest Treaty.
[0013]
The resistance of the mutant strain thus obtained to 4-azaleucine or 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine was compared with the parent strain. On the above-mentioned minimal agar plate medium containing 4-azaleucine or 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine at the concentrations shown in Table 1 or 2, a natural agar plate medium (tryptone 1%, yeast extract 0. 5%, NaCl 1%, agar 2%, pH 7.2), and the cells cultured for 24 hours are suspended in sterilized water and applied to 1 × 10 3 cells / cm 2. The degree of resistance was indicated by the degree of growth after time culture (Tables 1 and 2). The strains H-9070 and H-9072 have higher resistance to 4-azaleucine and 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine, respectively, than the parent strain H-9068.
[0014]
[Table 1]
[0015]
[Table 2]
[0016]
Example 2 Fermentative production test of L-leucine (1)
Using the mutant strain obtained in Example 1, a fermentation production test for L-leucine was conducted. Escherichia coli H-9068 strain, Escherichia coli H-9070 strain, Escherichia coli H-9072 strain in 20 ml of seed medium (glucose 2%, peptone 1%, yeast extract 1%, NaCl 0.25%, pH 7. 0) was inoculated into a 300 ml Erlenmeyer flask and cultured with shaking at 30 ° C. for 16 hours. 2 ml of the obtained seed culture solution was added to 250 ml of production medium (glucose 6%, corn steep liquor 0.2%, ammonium sulfate 1.6%, monopotassium phosphate 0.1%, magnesium phosphate 4%, calcium carbonate 1 %, PH 7.0) was inoculated into a 2 L Erlenmeyer flask and cultured with shaking at 30 ° C. for 72 hours. The amount of L-leucine accumulated in the culture end solution was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography.
[0017]
The results are shown in Table 3.
[0018]
[Table 3]
[0019]
H-9070 strain, the L- leucine-containing culture medium 1L obtained using H-9072 strain was centrifuged (3000 rpm, 10 minutes) to remove bacteria and other impurities.
The obtained supernatant is passed through a strongly acidic cation exchange resin diaion (H + type) column to adsorb L-leucine, washed with water and eluted with 0.5 N aqueous ammonia to obtain an L-leucine fraction. Collected minutes. The collected fractions were concentrated, ethanol was added and stored under cooling to obtain 2.6 g and 3.0 g of L-leucine crystals having a purity of 98% or more, respectively.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, L-leucine can be produced industrially efficiently.
Claims (4)
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1995
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