JP3650021B2 - NC machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is provided with a slider having a cutting tool for performing a cutting process such as lead machining on a workpiece, and the workpiece is cut by reciprocating at a high speed and a high acceleration by following external data in synchronization with the spindle. The present invention relates to an NC processing machine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, various types of optical lenses are incorporated in optical devices and information equipment devices. An optical lens generally has an axisymmetric aspheric surface, and is manufactured by molding or processing a glass surface and polishing it with a polishing apparatus as a finish. Further, as a method for polishing and manufacturing a non-axisymmetric aspherical surface, there is a grinding and polishing method described in JP-A-8-192348. The grinding and polishing method includes a first step of grinding a workpiece whose position is fixed by rotating a grindstone whose position is controlled by controlling positions in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions; Next, a second step of polishing the workpiece by rotating a polisher that is approximately the same size as the grindstone using diamond paste as a polishing agent and is position-controlled in the same manner as the position control, and then grinds the workpiece to the grindstone. The fine abrasive grains formed around the electrodes are immersed in a colloidal solution in which fine abrasive grains are dispersed and charged together with an electrode having the same size as the position control and the position control. And a third step of polishing the agglomerated layer in contact with the workpiece. However, in any case, the grinding and polishing method and the grinding method using the aspherical grinding machine are polishing methods, so that there is a problem that the processing speed is slow and the processing takes a long time.
[0003]
Further, an NC processing machine disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-309602 is known as an NC processing machine capable of reducing the inertial force and enabling high-speed reciprocation. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the NC processing machine disclosed in the publication includes a Z-axis table 3 that can move in the Z-axis direction that is the longitudinal direction of the spindle C, and an X-axis direction that is orthogonal to the Z-axis direction. An X-axis table 4 that can be moved to the processing machine base 2. A headstock 5 is placed on the Z-axis table 3. The Z-axis table 3 is driven by a servo motor 6 attached to the base 2 and can reciprocate in the Z-axis direction. Further, the spindle stock 5 incorporates a motor for rotating the spindle C, particularly a spindle motor 7. A chuck 8 is provided at the tip of the main shaft C, and a workpiece 9 is held on the chuck 8.
[0004]
The X-axis table 4 is installed at a position facing the workpiece 9 and is driven by a servo motor 10 to be movable in the X-axis direction. A turner 11 is placed on the X-axis table 4. The turner 11 includes a slider 12 that can reciprocate in the Z-axis direction and a drive device that drives the slider 12. The slider 12 has a tool holder 46 at the tip, and the tool 15 is attached to the tool holder 46. The drive device also includes a servo motor 14 placed on a slide base 13 attached to the X-axis table 4 and a bearing that supports the slider 12 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction. The slider 12 is fixed to a nut member that is screwed into a male screw formed on a rotary shaft that is integral with the drive shaft of the servo motor 14, and can reciprocate according to the rotational motion of the rotary shaft.
[0005]
When cutting the workpiece 9 with an NC machine, the Z-axis table 3 on which the headstock 5 is mounted is fixed so as not to move. The workpiece 9 is held by a chuck 8 provided at the tip of the spindle (C axis) of the spindle stock 5 and is rotated around the C axis by a spindle motor 7 at a rotational speed of, for example, 500 rpm. The workpiece 9 is preferably a plastic material or a non-metal. On the other hand, the cutting tool 15 attached to the tip of the slider 12 reciprocates in the Z-axis direction as the slider 12 reciprocates, and reciprocates in the X-axis direction together with the X-axis table 4. In the NC processing machine, since the weight of the slider 12 and the weight of the X-axis table 4 on which the turner 11 is placed are considerably small, the inertial force is also reduced and high-speed reciprocation is possible.
[0006]
The machining of the workpiece 9 by the NC machine is performed by controlling the servo motor 6 for driving the spindle and the servo motor 14 for driving the slider 12 based on the numerical data. The rotation angle of the spindle that changes every moment. Is continuously detected by a high-resolution rotary encoder, and the actual amount of movement of the cutting tool 15 due to the reciprocating motion of the slider 12 is continuously detected by a pulse coder provided in the servo motor 14, and the detected value is controlled by NC control. The servo motor 7 and the servo motor 14 are controlled based on the comparison information. The position of the X-axis table 4 is also detected by a pulse coder, and the servo motor 10 for driving the X-axis table 4 is NC-controlled.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, with a normal NC machine, because the table's inertia force is large, the table cannot follow at high speed, so the rotational speed of the workpiece is also reduced, and a non-axisymmetric aspherical surface is produced by cutting with a cutting tool. Has been considered difficult. However, since the polishing method has a problem that it takes a long time to process, it has been required to produce a non-axisymmetric aspheric surface in a short time. In addition, the conventional NC processing machine feeds back the position data detected by the encoder of the motor rotation by the ball screw and performs semi-cross control, but high-precision control and high-speed precision machining could not be expected.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, focusing on the high-speed reciprocating motion performance of an NC processing machine having a small inertial force, and processing a lead, a non-axisymmetric aspherical surface, etc. with high accuracy on a workpiece. The device that has been used as a dedicated machine for lead processing, etc., is reciprocated at high speed and high acceleration using a linear motor, and the reciprocating movement of the slider is synchronized with the rotation of the spindle. NC processing machine that can achieve the machining that can follow the machine and can machine the workpiece accurately and in a short time.
[0009]
The present invention includes a spindle head on which a spindle to which a workpiece that is rotationally driven by a motor is mounted, a Z-axis table on which the spindle table is mounted and movable in a Z-axis direction that is a longitudinal direction of the spindle, An X-axis table movable in the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction, a turner base fixed to the X-axis table facing the main shaft and a tool post for attaching various tools, fixed on the turner base A slide block having a track rail extending in the Z-axis direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction, and a slider attached with a cutting tool that reciprocates at high speed along the track rail with respect to the slide block and cuts the workpiece. And a drive device for reciprocating the slider along the track rail on the slide block,
The drive unit is a linear motor for reciprocating the slider in a high speed and high acceleration, the linear motor is re linear motors to the linear motor coil secured to the slide block along the track rail built into the slider A magnetic plate ,
The slide block comprises a pair of opposed slide block members,
The slide block members are positioned by the width determining blocks so as to face each other on the turner base,
The slider incorporating the linear motor magnet plate is disposed so as to reciprocate in a storage chamber formed between the opposed slide block members,
The present invention relates to an NC processing machine in which a cooling plate for cooling the linear motor coil is provided on each of the opposed slide block members .
[00 10 ]
Since this NC machine is configured as described above, the slider is reciprocated at a high speed and high acceleration compared to a conventional NC machine that feedback-controls position data detected by an encoder for motor rotation by a ball screw. Therefore, it is possible to cut the workpiece at high speed by increasing the rotation speed of the spindle, and in particular, the linear motor is used for the reciprocating movement of the slider. Since only the magnetic plate is incorporated, the reciprocating slider itself can be configured to be extremely lightweight, the inertial force generated in the slider can be kept small, and even if the spindle speed increases, it follows the high speed of the spindle. The slider movement can be controlled with high precision at high speed and high acceleration. It is possible to achieve high-precision and high-speed machining of workpieces, and since ball screws are not used, there is no need to consider wear on these parts, and the life of the NC machine itself can be reduced. Can be extended.
[00 11 ]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of an NC machine according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings . NC processing machine according to the invention this is compared to the NC processing machine shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the spindle, the Z-axis direction movable in the movable Z-axis table and the X-axis direction X-axis table corresponding Therefore, these parts will be described with the same reference numerals. Further, the turner base 1 in the NC machine according to the present invention corresponds to the slide base 13 in the NC machine shown in FIGS.
[00 12 ]
This NC processing machine includes a slider 18 that can handle high-speed and high-acceleration with a cutting tool 31 that performs cutting processing such as lead processing, VTR drum processing, and aspherical processing on the workpiece 9. The slider 18 is reciprocated by the controller in synchronism with the rotational movement of the spindle C, and is controlled in accordance with external data input or the like so as to be reciprocated at high speed and high acceleration. It cuts at high speed.
[00 13 ]
This NC processing machine includes a Z-axis table 3 that can move in the Z-axis direction, which is the longitudinal direction of the spindle C, and an X-axis that can move independently of the Z-axis table 3 in the X-axis direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction. A table 4 is placed on the processing machine base 2. A headstock 5 is mounted on the Z-axis table 3, and the Z-axis table 3 is driven by a servo motor 6 attached to the processing machine base 2 so as to reciprocate in the Z-axis direction. A motor 7 that rotates the spindle C is incorporated in the spindle stock 5. A chuck 8 is provided at the tip of the spindle C, and a workpiece 9 is held on the chuck 8 and the workpiece 9 is rotationally driven. The headstock 5 is placed on a Z-axis table 3 that can move in the Z-axis direction, which is the longitudinal direction of the main spindle C.
[00 14 ]
The X-axis table 4 that can move in the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction of the Z-axis table 3 is disposed at a position facing the workpiece 9 attached to the chuck 8 of the main shaft C. The turner base 1 is fixed to the X-axis table 4 directly or via a tool post table, and a tool post 43 to which various tools 44 are attached facing the main shaft C is fixed. The turner base 1 is attached with a slide block 16 composed of a pair of slide block members 16A and 16B each having recesses 40A and 40B extending in the longitudinal direction. The slide block 16 has the concave portions 40A and 40B of the slide block members 16A and 16B arranged on the turner base 1 so as to face each other, and one slide block member 16A is brought into contact with a locking step portion 27 formed on the turner base 1. The opposite surface 41B of the other slide block member 16B is brought into contact with the opposite surface 41A of the slide block member 16A and fixed by the width determining block 26 provided on the turner base 1, and fixed to the turner base 1. Has been.
[00 15 ]
The recesses 40A and 40B in the longitudinal direction of the slide block members 16A and 16B are fixed to the turner base 1 so as to face each other, whereby the accommodation chamber 42 of the slider 18 is formed by the recesses 40A and 40B between the slide block member 16A and the slide block member 16B. Is formed. An upper lid 24 is attached to the upper ends of the slide block members 12A and 12B, and the upper portion of the accommodation chamber 42 is closed. In the accommodation chamber 42 of the slide block 16, the slider 18 is disposed so as to be reciprocally movable in the Z-axis direction. The slider 12 protrudes from an opening formed on the side of the storage chamber 42, and a cutting tool mounting member 45 is fixed to the front end thereof. A tool holder 28 is attached to a tool attachment member 45 attached to the tip of the slider 18. The cutting tool 31 is configured to be exchangeably set in the cutting tool holder 28. The cutting tool 31 can also be configured to be set on a cutting tool holder 28 attached directly to the slider 18.
[00 16 ]
This NC processing machine is particularly characterized by a drive device that reciprocates the slider 18 with respect to the slide block 16 in the Y-axis direction (the same direction as the Z-axis direction). Drive device for reciprocally moving the slider 18, the linear motor coil 19 fixed to the slide block 16, Ru Oh linear motor that consists of a linear motor magnet plates 20. provided on the slider 18. The slide block 16 has a plurality of track rails 17 (in FIG. 2, in the longitudinal direction) that constitute linear guides that extend in the Z-axis direction (or referred to as the Y-axis direction) orthogonal to the X-axis direction fixed on the turner base 1. It is fixed at two places (lower and side in FIG. 4). A slide guide 33 is fixed to the slider 18, and the slider 18 can reciprocate at high speed and high acceleration by reciprocating the slide guide 33 along the track rail 17 provided on the slide block 16.
[00 17 ]
A linear scale 21 and a linear scale detector 22 extending along the linear motor coil 19 are provided in the movement range of the slider 18. Therefore, the amount of movement of the slider 18 relative to the slide block 16 is immediately detected by the linear scale detector 22, and information on the amount of movement is fed back to the controller and reflected in the next movement control of the slider 18. Further, a scale liner 39 is provided between the slide block 16 and the linear scale 21 for positioning the linear scale 21. A controller provided in the NC processing machine causes the workpiece 9 to be cut by a cutting tool 31 provided on the slider 18 based on a predetermined machining command value, feeds back the cutting information, and provides cutting information. Is provided with a learning function for controlling the difference between the machining command value and the machining command value to be close to zero and making use of it for the next cutting of the workpiece 9. In addition, the controller has a foreseeing function for cutting the workpiece 9 by a cutting tool 31 provided on the slider 18 in consideration of the cutting ability provided in advance.
[00 18 ]
A cooling plate 23 for cooling the linear motor coil 19 is provided on each of the opposed slide block member 16A and slide block member 16B constituting the slide block 16. The linear motor magnet plate 20 turns off the magnetic force with the reciprocating movement of the slider 18 in the linear motor coil 19, but at that time heat is generated and the temperature becomes high. Therefore, the cooling plate 23 is provided to cool the heat generated in the linear motor coil 19. A reference block 32 is attached to the X-axis table 4 in order to adjust the parallelism between the turner shaft of the turner base 1 and the Z-axis of the Z-axis table 3. Since the adjustment block 36 is provided on the turner base 1, the turner base 1 is adjusted with respect to the reference block 32 by the adjustment screw 37 provided on the adjustment block 36, and the parallelism between the turner axis and the Z axis is adjusted. Is done.
[00 19 ]
Also, an LM liner 38 is provided between the slide block 16 and the track rail 17 in order to position the moving range of the slider 12 relative to the slide block 16. The slide block 16 is provided with stoppers 29 and 30 for restricting the stroke of the slider 18. The slider 18 is provided with a stopper abutting member 34 that abuts against the stoppers 29 and 30 and restricts the moving range of the slider 18. Although not shown, power lines and signal lines connected to a driving device provided on the slider 18 and piping for cooling and lubrication for the turner can be bent as the slider 18 moves. It is housed in a guide cover, covering member, etc.
[00 20 ]
【The invention's effect】
In the NC machine according to the present invention, as described above, the workpiece is set on the spindle that can be set to move in the Z-axis direction, and the turning tool for cutting the workpiece in the Y-axis direction is the same as the Z-axis direction. It is set on a slider provided on the base that reciprocates in the Z-axis direction. In particular, since the slider is reciprocated by a linear motor consisting of a linear motor coil and a linear motor magnet plate, it can handle high speed and high acceleration, and can cut a workpiece with a cutting tool at high speed and with high accuracy. . The slider is configured to reciprocate on the slide block fixed to the turner base fixed to the X-axis table, and the linear motor is configured by the slider and slide block working together. The slider can be configured to be extremely lightweight, and the slider can be adapted to high-speed and high-acceleration reciprocation to improve followability and responsiveness, thereby enabling high-precision cutting. In addition, since the slide and the X-axis table can be reciprocated at high speed, the rotational speed of the spindle can be increased and the workpiece can be machined in a short time. As described above, the NC machine according to the present invention has a configuration in which the slider is driven by a linear motor, so that cutting with high speed and high acceleration is possible as compared with the conventional NC machine, High-precision cutting can be performed in a short time.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view for explaining an NC processing machine according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view showing a main part of one embodiment of the NC machine according to the present invention.
3 is a plan view showing a main part of the NC processing machine of FIG. 2. FIG.
4 is a side view showing a main part of the NC processing machine of FIG. 2. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a schematic front view showing a conventional NC processing machine.
6 is a schematic plan view of the NC processing machine of FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Turner base
3 Z-axis table 4 X-axis table 5 Headstock
7 spindle motor
9 workpieces
15 , 31, 44 bytes 16 Slide block
17 track rail 18 slider 19 linear motor coil 20 linear motor magnet plate
23 cooling plate
42 containment room
43 turrets
45 byte mounting member
C Spindle

Claims (1)

A spindle head on which a spindle to which a workpiece to be rotated by a motor is mounted is arranged, a Z-axis table on which the spindle table is mounted and movable in the Z-axis direction which is the longitudinal direction of the spindle, the Z-axis direction X-axis table movable in the X-axis direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction, a turret base fixed to the X-axis table facing the main shaft and a tool post for attaching various tools, and the X-axis direction fixed on the turner base A slide block having a track rail extending in the Z-axis direction orthogonal to the slider, a slider attached with a cutting tool that reciprocates at high speed along the track rail with respect to the slide block, and the slider. Having a drive device that reciprocates on the slide block along the track rail,
The drive unit is a linear motor for reciprocating the slider in a high speed and high acceleration, the linear motor is re linear motors to the linear motor coil secured to the slide block along the track rail built into the slider A magnetic plate ,
The slide block comprises a pair of opposed slide block members,
The slide block members are positioned by the width determining blocks so as to face each other on the turner base,
The slider incorporating the linear motor magnet plate is disposed so as to reciprocate in a storage chamber formed between the opposed slide block members,
An NC processing machine comprising cooling plates for cooling the linear motor coils provided on the opposed slide block members .

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