JP3644478B2 - Crusher - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a crushing device for crushing crushed objects such as waste and raw materials, and more specifically, a vertical type that further crushes crushed objects that are in a fine state to a certain degree to obtain a crushed material of a constant particle size. Relates to the crushing apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, shredder dust as scrap material of automobiles includes various kinds of materials such as metals, plastics, rubbers and fibers, but most of them are lightweight materials such as plastics, rubbers and fibers. . Therefore, recently, after selecting and removing metals from the shredder dust, this is subjected to a crushing device to obtain a crushed product of a predetermined particle size range, and further, a resin material is mixed with this to perform a predetermined secondary processing. Reuse is carried out (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-112484).
[0003]
By the way, the crushing apparatus for crushing the shredder dust and the like has conventionally been a horizontal type. For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-206000, the crushing device is continuously provided under a container (hopper) for storing an object to be crushed. A crushing device in which a pair of crushing drums rotating around a horizontal axis is arranged in a housing, and a crushed material crushed by the pair of crushing drums is taken out through a porous member (screen) arranged below the crushing drum. Is disclosed. According to this crushing apparatus, since the crushed material is taken out through the screen, mixing of the coarse material is surely prevented, and the utility value as the subsequent secondary processing raw material is increased.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, according to the crushing device described in the above publication, the crushed material crushed by the pair of crushing drums accumulates on the screen. Accordingly, the opportunity to circulate upward and be re-supplied to the crushing drum is increased, so that the material to be crushed is crushed more than necessary, making it difficult to fit the crushed material in a desired particle size range. There was a problem.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and the object of the present invention is to enable a crushed material to smoothly pass through a screen and to suppress re-crushing, thereby having a desired particle size range. An object of the present invention is to provide a crushing apparatus that can stably obtain a crushed material that fits in a crusher.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a housing that is continuously provided under a hopper that accommodates an object to be crushed, a rotating drum that rotates around a vertical rotating shaft, and a cylinder that surrounds the rotating drum. And an annular chamber between the rotary drum and the screen is used as a crushing chamber, and a space between the screen and the standing wall of the housing is used as a storage chamber, and the crushing chamber is configured as the hopper. with communicating within, into the crushing chamber, a plurality of rotary blades attached to the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum, attached to the housing, a plurality of crushing the rotary blade cooperating with the crush material a fixed blade arranged, the underneath plate and standing wall of the housing facing the storage chamber is connected to a suction means, a plurality of discharge ports for discharging the crushed material flowing out to該貯Tomeshitsu through the screen to the outside seo Characterized in that it is provided, respectively.
[0007]
In the crushing apparatus configured as described above, the annular chamber between the rotating drum and the cylindrical screen is configured as a crushing chamber, and the crushed material crushed in the crushing chamber passes through the screen surrounding the crushing chamber. Immediately it is discharged to the outside, so re-crushing of the crushed material is significantly suppressed.
[0008]
Further, since the connection to the suction means discharging port formed in a lower plate and the upright wall of the housing, working suction force to crush material that has been crushed in the crushing chamber, the screen passes Ru is further promoted.
[0009]
In the present invention , the crushing chamber is communicated with the hopper through an annular passage , the crushed object is temporarily crushed between the hopper and the housing, and the crushed object is dropped into the annular passage. The crushing means may be arranged. In this case, the coarse material in the material to be crushed is temporarily crushed, and the coarse material does not enter the annular chamber.
[0010]
In the present invention, each of the rotary blades may be attached to the side surface of the tool base fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum, and the recess around the tool base may be covered with a cover attached to the rotary drum . In this case, the recess around the tool rest is covered with a cover attached to the rotating drum. By comprising in this way, a rotary blade can be arrange | positioned on a rotating drum at random or with regularity, such as a zigzag form and a lead form, according to the property of a to-be-crushed object. Further, the gap between the annular chambers as the crushing chamber can be maintained at a predetermined size by the cover.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0013]
1 to 5 show a crushing apparatus as one embodiment of the present invention. In these drawings, 1 is a hopper that accommodates the object to be crushed, 2 is a preliminary crusher (preliminary crushing means) that is connected to the lower part of the hopper 1 and crushes the object to be conveyed in the hopper 1 temporarily. 3 is a crusher for crushing the material to be crushed from the preliminary crusher 2, 4 is connected to the lower part of the crusher 3, and sucks the crushed material crushed by the crusher 3 to the outside. These are suction machines (suction means) for discharging, and these are mounted and fixed on a gantry 6 disposed on the floor 5 as one assembly.
[0014]
A support cylinder 7 is attached to the upper base 6a of the gantry 6 by extending the axis C in the vertical direction using bolts 8. The support cylinder 7 is rotated via two upper and lower bearings 9a and 9b. The shaft 10 is rotatably supported. A pulley 11 is attached to the lower end portion of the rotating shaft 10 extending downward from the support cylinder 7. The pulley 11 is attached to an output shaft of a motor (not shown) installed on the side of the gantry 5. A belt 12 extended from the pulley is wound around. That is, the rotary shaft 10 is driven to rotate about the vertical axis C by a motor (not shown).
[0015]
On the other hand, a rotary drum 13 constituting the crusher 3 is attached to the upper end portion of the rotary shaft 10 extending upward from the support cylinder 7 using bolts 14. The crusher 3 has a polygonal (in this case, octagonal) housing 15 interposed between the preliminary crusher 2 and the suction device 4, and the position is fixed so as to surround the rotary drum 13 in the housing 15. And a porous cylindrical screen 16 arranged in a regular manner. An annular chamber 17 between the rotary drum 13 and the screen 16 is provided as a crushing chamber for crushing an object to be crushed. The annular chamber (crushing chamber) 17 has an annular passage S (described later) (FIG. 1). 2) The object to be crushed falls from the hopper 1 and the preliminary crusher 2 through 2). Thus, a plurality of rotary blades 18 and a plurality of fixed blades 19 are disposed in the crushing chamber 17 so as to be able to mesh with each other. Each rotary blade 18 is attached to a flat mounting surface 13 a (FIG. 3) on the outer periphery of the rotary drum 13, which is a regular 24-hedron shape here, via a blade base 20, while the fixed blade 19 is attached to the screen 16. It is attached to a support plate 21 provided in the housing 15 so as to be divided into a plurality of parts (four parts) in the circumferential direction. In such a crusher 3, a plurality of rotary blades 18 rotate in the crushing chamber 17 according to the rotation of the rotary drum 13, and crush the object to be crushed in the crushing chamber 17 in cooperation with the fixed blade 19. . Then, the crushed crushed material is discharged to the storage chamber 22 on the outside through the screen 16. Here, the storage chamber 22 is divided into four in the circumferential direction of the screen 16 by a support plate 21 to which the fixed blade 19 is attached.
[0016]
Here, the structure of the crusher 3 will be described in more detail. As shown in FIG. 4, each blade base 20 is fixed to the mounting surface 13 a of the rotary drum 13 using a bolt 23, and the rotary blade 18 is It is fixed to the side surface of the blade base 20 using bolts 24. Each mounting surface 13a of the rotating drum 13 is provided with screw holes 25 at predetermined intervals in the axial direction thereof, and an appropriate mounting surface is selected from the 24 mounting surfaces 13a and the plurality of screw holes 25. By selecting the screw hole 25 and fixing the tool base 20, the plurality of rotary blades 18 are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum 13 at random or with various regularities such as a staggered shape and a lead shape. Will be able to.
[0017]
A hole (bolt insertion hole) 18a for inserting the bolt 24 provided in the rotary blade 18 is a long hole extending in the radial direction (FIG. 4), and the rotary blade 18 is the length of the bolt insertion hole 18a. Within this range, the mounting position with respect to the blade base 20 can be adjusted. Therefore, by adjusting the mounting position according to the wear correction of the cutting edge portion at the tip of the rotary blade 18, the rotary blade 18 always protrudes into the crushing chamber 17 from the tool rest 20 by a certain length. Thus, the distance between the rotary blade 18 and the fixed blade 19 is maintained constant. An adjusting screw 26 that abuts the rotary drum 13 to make the protruding length of the rotary blade 18 constant at the rear end of the rotary blade 18 and temporarily fixes the rotary blade 18 to the rotary drum 13. Temporary fixing means 27 is provided.
[0018]
By the way, when the rotary blade 18 is arrange | positioned in the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum 13 in the above-mentioned aspect, the recess for the height is formed between each tool stand 20, and the crushing chamber 17 is uneven | corrugated shape as it is. Thus, the object to be crushed escapes into the recess. Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, a cover 29 having a hollow column 28 provided on the back surface is prepared, and a bolt 30 in which this cover 29 is inserted into the column 28 is used. It can be fixed to each mounting surface 13a. Therefore, by fixing the cover 29 to the rotary drum 13 adjacent to each blade base 20, the recesses between the above-mentioned blade bases 20 are covered by the cover 29, and the crushing chamber 17 has the entire circumference. Over a substantially constant interval. Further, the cover 29 covers the bolt 24 for attaching the rotary blade 18, the adjustment screw 26, or the temporary fixing means 27, so that they can be safely maintained without being damaged by the object to be crushed. become able to.
[0019]
On the other hand, the three fixed blades 19 are integrally provided in one segment 31 (FIG. 2), and are fixed to the support plate 21 by bolts 32 in units of the segments 31. Each segment 31 is vertically fixed to one support plate 21 and fixed to four (FIG. 2). Therefore, here, twelve fixed blades 19 are arranged on one support plate 21. Yes. A hole (bolt insertion hole) 31a for inserting the bolt 32 provided in each segment 31 is also a long hole extending in the radial direction (FIG. 4), and the fixed blade 19 has a length of the bolt insertion hole 31a. Within this range, the mounting position with respect to the support plate 21 can be adjusted. Therefore, the fixed blade 19 always protrudes from the support plate 21 into the crushing chamber 17 by a fixed length by adjusting the mounting position according to the wear correction of the cutting edge portion at the tip of the fixed blade 19, thereby The distance between the fixed blade 19 and the fixed blade 19 is maintained constant. At the rear end of each segment 31, an adjustment screw 33 (FIG. 2) that abuts the support plate 21 to make the protruding length of the fixed blade 19 constant, and the fixed blade 19 are temporarily attached to the support plate 21. Temporary fastening means 34 for fastening is provided. The bolt 32, the adjustment screw 33, the temporary fixing means 34, and the like are covered with a cover 35 fixed to the support plate 21.
[0020]
The housing 15 of the crusher 3 has an octagonal standing wall 15a composed of a fixed wall 36 and a movable wall 37, and both walls 36 and 37 are alternately arranged corresponding to each side of the octagon. ing. Among the four movable walls 37, two movable walls 37A located between the pair of support plates 21 to which the fixed blade 19 is attached are attached to one side of a hinge 38 as shown in FIG. The side is secured to the fixed wall 36 using screws 39. That is, the two movable walls 37A (only one side is shown in FIG. 3) arranged at the opposite portions of the housing 15 are configured as doors that open and close around the hinge 38, and by opening this, The mounting portion of the fixed blade 19 is exposed to the outside and can be easily replaced. In addition, the screen 16 can be easily maintained. Reference numeral 40 denotes a handle provided on the movable wall 37A as a door body.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 3, the screen 16 of the crusher 3 also includes a pair of door bodies 16A and 16B corresponding to the movable wall (door body) 37A of the housing 15. The pair of door bodies 16A and 16B are configured to open and close like a double door with a common hinge 41 as a center. Normally, each open end is screwed to a cover 35 surrounding the mounting portion of the fixed blade 19. 42 is fixed. After the door body 16A, 16B of the screen 16 is opened in response to the opening of the door body 37A of the housing 15, the rotary drum 13 is manually rotated appropriately so that the rotary blade 18 attached thereto is exposed to the outside. The maintenance can be easily performed.
[0022]
As shown well in FIG. 2, a disk 50 having a diameter larger than that of the rotary drum 13 is attached to the upper end of the rotary drum 13, and the rotation constituting the preliminary crusher 2 is provided on the disk 50. A body 51 is fixed via a spacer 52. The preliminary crusher 2 has a cylindrical main body 53 interposed between the hopper 2 and the housing 15 of the pulverizer 3, and an inner peripheral surface fitted and fixed in the main body 53 with an uneven shape (step shape). As a liner 54 and a disc-shaped hammer 56 attached to the outer peripheral edge of the rotating body 51 via a plurality of support shafts 55. The hammer 56 is loosely fitted to the support shaft 55 so as to be able to move slightly in the horizontal direction, and can be moved slightly in the vertical direction along the support shaft 55. A scraper plate 57 for bringing the object to be crushed in the hopper 1 to the liner 54 side is fixed to the upper plate of the rotating body 51, and the lower plate communicates with the crushing chamber 17 in the housing 15. A ring-shaped adjusting plate 58 for fixing the annular passage S is fixed so that the position can be adjusted.
[0023]
In the preliminary crusher 2, the rotating body 51 rotates integrally with the rotating drum 13 of the crusher 3, and the hammer 56 rotates on the support shaft 55 according to the rotation, and moves horizontally and vertically. I do. As a result, the object to be crushed brought to the liner 54 side by the scraper 57 is primarily crushed under the action of impact, shear, etc. between the liner 54 and the hammer 56 and passes through the annular passage S. It falls into the crushing chamber 17 in the housing 15.
[0024]
Further, a plate-like ring 60 (FIG. 2) having an outer diameter larger than that of the rotary drum 13 is attached to the lower end of the rotary drum 13. As shown in FIG. A rotary blade 61 constituting the suction machine 4 is attached. The suction machine 4 includes a main body 62 interposed between the housing 15 of the pulverizer 3 and the upper base 6 a of the gantry 6, and the inside of the main body 62 is provided between the upper plate and the lower plate of the housing 15. The plurality of (in this case, four) discharge ports 63 opened in common communicate with the storage chamber 22 divided into four in the housing 15. Further, one discharge port 64 is provided on the side surface of the main body 62, and a duct 65 connected to an external storage tank (not shown) is connected to the discharge port 64.
[0025]
In such a suction machine 4, the rotary blade 61 rotates integrally with the rotary drum 13 of the crusher 3, and the air flow from the discharge port 63 to the discharge port 64 is generated in the main body 62 according to the rotation. The crushed material in the storage chamber 22 in the housing 15 is carried on the air flow (suction force) to a storage tank (not shown).
[0026]
Hereinafter, the operation of the crushing apparatus configured as described above will be described.
When the rotary shaft 10 is rotated by the operation of a motor (not shown), the rotary drum 13 of the crusher 3, the rotary body 51 of the preliminary crusher 2, and the rotary blade 61 of the suction machine 4 rotate together. Under this state, for example, when shredder dust (material to be crushed) after removing metals is introduced into the hopper 1, the shredder dust is drawn toward the liner 54 by the scraper 57 on the rotating body 51, The liner 54 and the hammer 56 are primarily crushed. Then, the shredder dust, which has become finer to some extent, continuously falls into the crushing chamber 17 in the housing 15 through the annular passage S.
[0027]
In the crushing chamber 17, a plurality of rotary blades 18 on the rotating drum 13 are swung, and the shredder dust dropped from the preliminary crusher 2 is fixedly arranged on the swiveling rotary blade 18 and the screen 16 side. It is crushed by cooperation with the fixed blade 19 made. The crushed crushed material is discharged to the storage chamber 22 immediately outside through the screen 16 because the crushing chamber 17 is quite narrow and the screen 16 surrounds the entire circumference. At this time, the rotation of the rotary blade 61 in the suction machine 4 under the crusher 3 generates a flow of air (suction force) from the crushing chamber 17 to the storage chamber 22, so that the crushed material is It passes smoothly through the screen 16 by this suction force. As a result, the crushed material is hardly crushed in the crushing chamber 17, and the crushed material that falls within the desired particle size range is taken out into the storage chamber 22. Then, the crushed material taken out into the storage chamber 22 is sucked into the main body 62 of the suction machine 4 from the lower discharge port 63, and further, the storage is omitted from the discharge port 64 of the main body 62 through the duct 65. It is transported to the tank.
[0028]
In the present embodiment, in particular, the rotary body 51 of the preliminary crusher 2 and the rotary blade 61 of the suction machine 4 are connected to the rotary drum 13 of the crusher 3 so that power is taken out from the common rotary shaft 10. Therefore, special means for driving the preliminary crusher 2 and the suction machine 4 are not required, and the entire structure is simplified. Further, since the preliminary crusher 2 and the suction machine 4 are integrated on the upper and lower sides of the crusher 3 to form a whole vertical structure, the entire apparatus is slim and the installation space can be reduced.
[0029]
Here, in the above-described embodiment, the discharge port 63 for discharging the crushed material from the housing 15 is provided in the lower part (lower plate) of the housing 15. As shown in FIG. 5, the discharge port 70 may be provided also in the standing wall 15a of the housing 15 facing the storage chamber 22 around the screen 16. In this case, a discharge port 70 is provided corresponding to each chamber of the storage chamber 22 divided into four by the support plate 21 to which the fixed blade 19 is attached, and for example, the main body of the suction machine 4 is provided in each discharge port 70. The branch ducts 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d branched from the duct 65 extended from the discharge port 64 of 62 are detachably connected. In this case, the standing wall 15a of the housing 15 is a full fixed wall (36), and a discharge port 70 is provided so as to open in the central portion of each chamber of the storage chamber 22.
[0030]
In the duct 65, an air flow toward the storage tank is generated by the rotation of the rotary blades 61 of the suction machine 4, and negative pressure is generated in the storage chamber 22 through the branch ducts 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d due to the ejector effect. Pressure (suction force) is introduced. That is, the crushed material in the storage chamber 22 is discharged from each branch duct 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d through the duct 65 to a storage tank (not shown). Thus, the suction force is introduced into each chamber in the storage chamber 22 partitioned by the support plate 21 through the branch ducts 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d, so that the suction force is crushed in the crushing chamber 17. The crushed material is quickly sucked and discharged from the entire surface of the screen 16 into the storage chamber 22, and as a result, re-crushing of the crushed material in the crushing chamber 17 is remarkably suppressed, and the crushed material within the desired particle size range is stabilized. It will be obtained.
[0031]
The duct 65 may be provided with an exhaust means 72 (FIG. 6) such as a blower or a fan, whereby the suction force introduced into the storage chamber 22 through the branch ducts 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d. And the suctioning and discharging of the crushed material from the screen 16 is further promoted. However, when such an exhaust means 72 is provided, the suction machine 4 under the housing 15 can be omitted.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the crushing apparatus according to the present invention, the rotary drum and the cylindrical screen are arranged vertically in the housing, and the annular chamber between them is configured as a crushing chamber. The crushed material is immediately discharged to the outside through the screen, and re-crushing of the crushed material is remarkably suppressed, and a crushed material that falls within a desired particle size range can be stably obtained.
[0033]
Moreover, since the several discharge port provided in the housing was connected to the suction means, passage of the crushed material crushed in the crushing chamber is further promoted, and re-crushing of the crushed material can be prevented more reliably.
[0034]
In addition, when a preliminary crushing means for temporarily crushing an object to be crushed is disposed between the hopper and the housing, since a coarse material does not enter the crushing chamber, the crushing efficiency in the crushing chamber is improved. .
[0035]
In addition, when the rotary blade is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum via the tool base and the recess around the tool base is covered with a cover attached to the rotary drum, depending on the properties of the object to be crushed Not only can the rotary blades be arranged arbitrarily, but the gap between the crushing chambers can be maintained at a predetermined size, and the crushing efficiency can be increased as much as possible . Can be prevented from being damaged.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of a crushing apparatus as one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a crusher and a surrounding structure in the crushing apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a structure of a crusher in the crushing apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an attachment structure between a rotary blade and a fixed blade in the crusher.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view schematically showing the structure of a crusher in the crushing apparatus.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically showing a main part structure of a crushing apparatus as another embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Hopper 2 Preliminary crusher (Preliminary crushing means)
3 Crusher 4 Suction machine (suction means)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Rotating shaft 13 Rotating drum 15 Housing 15a Housing vertical wall 37A Housing door 16 Screen 16A, 16B Screen door 17 Annular chamber (crushing chamber)
18 Rotating blade 19 Fixed blade 20 Cutting tool base 21 Support plate 29 Cover 51 Rotating body 56 of preliminary crushing machine Hammer 61 of preliminary crushing machine Rotary blade 63, 70 of suction machine Discharge port 65 Ducts 71a, 71b, 71b, 71d Branch duct 72 Exhaust means

Claims (3)

A housing is continuously provided under a hopper that accommodates an object to be crushed, and a rotating drum that rotates about a rotating shaft in the vertical direction and a cylindrical screen that surrounds the rotating drum are disposed in the housing, and the rotating drum and with a crushing chamber an annular chamber between the screen, between the standing wall Metropolitan of the screen and the housing and the storage chamber, together with the communicating said crushing chamber to said hopper, into the crushing chamber, said A housing that faces the storage chamber by arranging a plurality of rotary blades attached to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum and a plurality of fixed blades attached to the housing and crushing the object to be crushed in cooperation with the rotary blades A crushing apparatus , wherein a plurality of discharge ports are provided on the lower plate and the standing wall , respectively , connected to suction means and discharging the crushed material that has passed through the screen and flowed into the storage chamber to the outside. The crushing chamber is communicated with the hopper through an annular passage, and a preliminary crushing means is provided between the hopper and the housing for temporarily crushing the material to be crushed and dropping the material to be crushed into the annular passage. The crushing apparatus according to claim 1 . 3. Each rotary blade is attached to a side surface of a blade base fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum, and a recess around the blade base is covered with a cover attached to the rotary drum. crushing device according to.

Images