JP3609565B2 - Tin-zinc alloy plating bath - Google Patents
Tin-zinc alloy plating bath Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3609565B2 JP3609565B2 JP34237696A JP34237696A JP3609565B2 JP 3609565 B2 JP3609565 B2 JP 3609565B2 JP 34237696 A JP34237696 A JP 34237696A JP 34237696 A JP34237696 A JP 34237696A JP 3609565 B2 JP3609565 B2 JP 3609565B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- tin
- group
- zinc
- represented
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- GZCWPZJOEIAXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Sn] GZCWPZJOEIAXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 36
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title description 83
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 25
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001432 tin ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 50
- -1 aromatic sulfonic acid salt Chemical class 0.000 description 39
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 39
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 28
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 24
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 15
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 8
- LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead tin Chemical group [Sn].[Pb] LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 5
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 5
- YCELPWGPXSJYMB-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-2-sulfobut-2-enedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C(\C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O YCELPWGPXSJYMB-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WBGKAOURNYRYBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfopropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)S(O)(=O)=O WBGKAOURNYRYBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OURSFPZPOXNNKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-sulfopropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCS(O)(=O)=O OURSFPZPOXNNKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000002511 behenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- QCBSYPYHCJMQGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound CCC1=NC=NC=N1 QCBSYPYHCJMQGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMPRRFPMMJQXPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O ZMPRRFPMMJQXPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical class CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- OPUAWDUYWRUIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanedisulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CS(O)(=O)=O OPUAWDUYWRUIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NARPMWPOFWHFDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanetrisulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(S(O)(=O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O NARPMWPOFWHFDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQMRYBIKMRVZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylamine hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[NH3+]C NQMRYBIKMRVZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-methyl-4-oxopentan-2-yl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOAJIZWMDUSXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(chloromethyl)aniline Chemical compound ClCNC1=CC=CC=C1 VOAJIZWMDUSXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUDPGZONDFORKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-chloroaniline Chemical compound ClNC1=CC=CC=C1 KUDPGZONDFORKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004002 naphthaldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FPBMTPLRBAEUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel sodium Chemical compound [Na][Ni] FPBMTPLRBAEUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940054441 o-phthalaldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJVNINGBHGBWJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ortho-vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=O)=C1O JJVNINGBHGBWJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003540 oxyquinoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- RJQRCOMHVBLQIH-UHFFFAOYSA-M pentane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O RJQRCOMHVBLQIH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000969 phenyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- HKOOXMFOFWEVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=CC=C1 HKOOXMFOFWEVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynenickel Chemical compound [P].[Ni] OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZWLUXSQADUDCSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=O ZWLUXSQADUDCSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJNJLGFTSIAHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ynal Chemical compound O=CC#C IJNJLGFTSIAHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGNVWUDMMXZUDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCCS(O)(=O)=O MGNVWUDMMXZUDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNDXKIMMSFCCFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-2-sulphonic acid Chemical compound CC(C)S(O)(=O)=O HNDXKIMMSFCCFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940048084 pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KKVTYAVXTDIPAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;methanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CS([O-])(=O)=O KKVTYAVXTDIPAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- BATOPAZDIZEVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sorbic aldehyde Natural products CC=CC=CC=O BATOPAZDIZEVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfamate Chemical compound NS([O-])(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(S)C(O)=O NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004992 toluidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DQFBYFPFKXHELB-VAWYXSNFSA-N trans-chalcone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 DQFBYFPFKXHELB-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IJNSDNSZFOEYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-sulfobutanedioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OS(=O)(=O)C(C([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O IJNSDNSZFOEYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はめっき技術に関し、特に錫−亜鉛系のろう材に対するはんだ付け性の良好な錫−亜鉛合金皮膜を形成するためのめっき浴であって、特に排水処理の容易な錯化剤を用いる非シアンの錫−亜鉛合金電気めっき浴に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
電子工業において錫−鉛を基本組成とするはんだ(ろう材)による接合は不可欠の技術として広く行われている。はんだ付けを迅速かつ確実に行うためには、はんだ付けしようとする部品に予めはんだ付け性の良好な皮膜(はんだ付け性皮膜)を施しておくことが行われるが、このはんだ付け性皮膜として錫−鉛合金めっき皮膜が一般に利用されている。
【0003】
しかしながら、近年、鉛の健康・環境への影響が懸念され、有害な鉛を含む錫−鉛系はんだを規制しようとする考えが急速に広まりつつある。工業的な生産条件並びに使用条件という観点から勘案すると、錫−鉛系はんだに代替できる特性を有するような鉛を含まないはんだはいまのところなく、日欧米を中心として研究開発が行われているところである。錫−鉛系はんだの代替としては第一元素としては錫が利用されると考えられるが、第二元素としては銀、ビスマス、銅、インジウム、アンチモン、亜鉛などが候補として挙げられており、それらの二元合金或いはさらに第三元素を添加した多元合金が候補として挙げられている。その中で錫−亜鉛系合金は、亜鉛が安価であるばかりでなく、錫、亜鉛ともに両性金属でありアルカリ溶液にも溶解するので、廃電化製品部品からの金属の分別回収、リサイクルが容易であるところから、有力な代替はんだ合金候補の一つと考えられている。
【0004】
鉛フリーの代替はんだに対応して、はんだ付け性皮膜もまた鉛を含まないものに変更していく必要がある。錫−鉛合金めっき皮膜以外のはんだ付け性皮膜として、単金属皮膜としては、錫、金、銀、パラジウムが検討対象となり、錫の合金皮膜を利用する場合には組成がろう材に近いものが望ましいので、錫−亜鉛系ろう材を用いる場合には、錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜が検討対象として考えられているが、実用には至っていない。
【0005】
これら検討対象のうち、錫単独皮膜にはウィスカーが発生し易いという問題があり、金、銀、パラジウムなどの貴金属めっきは、十分な耐食性ないしははんだ付け性に関して良好な経時特性を付与するに足る厚さにめっきすることはコストの観点から問題がある。
【0006】
一方、錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜は、従来耐食性皮膜として、特に毒性の高いカドミウムめっきの代替皮膜として研究され、20%〜35%の亜鉛含有率の皮膜が高耐食性を示すとして推奨されるとともに、そのような組成の場合にめっき皮膜粒子が微細になり易いところから、該組成のめっき皮膜を得る方法についてはシアン浴を中心として幾種類かの浴が報告され、限られた範囲ではあるが工業的にも利用されている。さらに、非シアン浴としては例えば、A.E.Davisらは1956年にHEEDTA浴(Trans.Inst.MetalFinish.33,277(1956))を、1957年にRama Charらはピロリン酸浴(J.Sci.Ind.Res(India)16a,324(1957))を、また土肥らは1973年にグルコン酸浴(金属表面技術 24,674(1973))を提案している。特許にも、Euro.Pat 0663460A1(1995)には、クエン酸浴、グルコン酸浴、ピロリン酸浴が、またUS Pat.5,378,346(1995)には酒石酸浴の記載が認められる。しかしながら、はんだ付け性皮膜として求められるような、亜鉛比率が15%以下の皮膜を得ることを目的として検討された浴は見当らない。さらに、そのような目的を持ち、かつ排水処理が容易に行えるような浴は報告がない。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
非シアン浴から錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜を得るためには、析出電位を接近させるためには弱酸性から弱アルカリ性のpH領域で電析させることが望ましく、そのようなpH領域において溶液を安定に保つためには、上述したようなピロリン酸、グルコン酸、クエン酸、酒石酸のような錯化力の強い錯化剤が必要とされてきた。しかしながら、これら錯化力の強い錯化剤を用いると、排水処理時に錫及び亜鉛を完全に除去することが困難であり、十分な排水処理のためには多大の処理費用を必要とするばかりでなく、シアン浴から非シアン浴へと変更しても、環境対策上完全な解決とはならなかった。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の発明者は、pH領域のめっき浴中に2価の錫イオン及び亜鉛イオンを安定に保持し、なおかつ排水処理時においては、pHを変化させることによって錫イオン及び亜鉛イオンを容易に沈降分離することが可能な錯化剤として、カルボキシル基とスルホン酸基の両者又は2個のカルボキシル基と1個の水酸基を含む錯化剤が有効であることを見出し、該錯化剤を用いためっき浴から、平滑で緻密な錫−亜鉛合金皮膜を得ることを可能ならしめ、もって錫−鉛系はんだ付け性皮膜の代替皮膜として利用することを可能とし、よって環境・衛生・公害上問題のある錫−鉛系はんだを代替することを可能とし、代替はんだ問題を解決するに至った。
【0009】
発明の概要
本発明は、2価の錫イオン及び2価の亜鉛イオンを含む溶液に、該イオンを浴中に安定化するとともに、排水処理時においてはpHを変化させるだけで容易に該イオンを除去可能な錯化剤としてスルホカルボン酸を含み、pHを2〜6の範囲とすることを特徴とする非シアン錫−亜鉛合金電気めっき浴である。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のめっき浴に必須の成分である2価の錫及び亜鉛の供給源としては、非シアンの錫化合物及び非シアンの亜鉛化合物を用いるが、それら錫及び亜鉛の化合物としては、下記(1)〜(11)の錫及び亜鉛の酸化物及び塩類から選ばれた1種又は2種以上を単独又は適宜混合して使用できる。
【0011】
(1)酸化物又は酸素酸塩、
【0012】
(2)硫酸塩、
【0013】
(3)ハロゲン化物、
【0014】
(4)ホウフッ化物、
【0015】
(5)ケイフッ化物、
【0016】
(6)スルファミン酸塩、
【0017】
(7)酢酸塩、
【0018】
(8)下記の一般式(i)(ii)及び/又は(iii )で表されるスルホン酸の塩、
【0019】
(i)一般式
R−SO3 H
[ここで、RはC1 〜C12のアルキル基又はC2 〜C3 のアルケニル基を表し、該Rの水素は0〜3個の範囲で水酸基、アルキル基、アリール基、アルキルアリール基、カルボキシル基又はスルホン酸基で置換されていてよく、そして該Rの任意の位置にあってよい。]
で表される脂肪族スルホン酸の塩、
【0020】
(ii)一般式
【化3】
[ここで、RはC1 〜C3 のアルキル基を表す。Xは塩素及び/又はフッ素のハロゲンを表し、該Rの任意の位置にあってよく、該Rの水素と置換された該ハロゲンの置換数n1は1から該Rに配位したすべての水素が飽和置換されたものまでを表し、置換されたハロゲン種は1種類又は2種類である。水酸基は該Rの任意の位置にあってよく、該Rの水素と置換された該水酸基の置換数n2は0又は1である。Yはスルホン酸基を表し、該Rの任意の位置にあってよく、Yで表されるスルホン酸基の置換数n3は0から2の範囲にある。]
で表されるハロゲン化アルカンスルホン酸又はハロゲン化アルカノールスルホン酸の塩、
【0021】
(iii )一般式
【化4】
[ここで、Xは水酸基、アルキル基、アリール基、アルキルアリール基、アルデヒド基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、メルカプト基、スルホン酸基又はアミノ基を表し、或いは2個のXはベンゼン環と一緒になってナフタリン環を形成でき、該基の置換数nは0〜3の範囲にある]
で表される芳香族スルホン酸の塩、
【0022】
(9)下記の一般式(A)で表される脂肪族スルホ(ヒドロキシ)カルボン酸の塩:
【0023】
(A)一般式
HO3 S−R−COOH
[ここで、RはC1 〜C6 のアルキレン基又はC2 〜C6 のアルケニレン基を表し、該Rの水素は水酸基又はカルボキシル基で置換されていてよい。]
で表される脂肪族スルホ(ヒドロキシ)カルボン酸の塩、
【0024】
(10)下記の一般式(B)で表される芳香族スルホ(ヒドロキシ)カルボン酸の塩:
【0025】
(B)一般式
【化5】
[ここで、Xは水素、水酸基又はカルボキシル基を表す。スルホン酸基、カルボキシル基及びXは任意の位置にあってよい。]
で表される芳香族スルホ(ヒドロキシ)カルボン酸の塩。
【0026】
(11)下記の一般式(C)で表される脂肪族モノヒドロキシジカルボン酸の塩:
【0027】
(C)一般式
【化6】
[ここで、Rは水素又はC1 〜C2 のアルキル基を表す。]
で表される脂肪族モノヒドロキシジカルボン酸の塩。
【0028】
(1)〜(11)の中で単独で列挙せず一般式で示した化合物の中で好適なものを例示すれば、(8)−(i)、(ii)及び(iii )の有機スルホン酸の塩の例としては、メタンスルホン酸、メタンジスルホン酸、メタントリスルホン酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、エタンスルホン酸、プロパンスルホン酸、2−プロパンスルホン酸、ブタンスルホン酸、2−ブタンスルホン酸、ペンタンスルホン酸、ヘキサンスルホン酸、デカンスルホン酸、ドデカンスルホン酸、2−ヒドロキシエタン−1−スルホン酸、1−ヒドロキシプロパン−2−スルホン酸、3−ヒドロキシプロパン−1−スルホン酸、2−ヒドロキシプロパン−1−スルホン酸、2−ヒドロキシブタンスルホン酸、2−ヒドロキシペンタンスルホン酸、2−ヒドロキシヘキサン−1−スルホン酸、2−ヒドロキシデカンスルホン酸、2−ヒドロキシドデカンスルホン酸、1−カルボキシエタンスルホン酸、2−カルボキシエタンスルホン酸、1,3−プロパンジスルホン酸、アリルスルホン酸、2−スルホ酢酸、2−又は3−スルホプロピオン酸、スルホコハク酸、スルホマレイン酸、スルホフマル酸、モノクロロメタンスルホン酸、パークロロエタンスルホン酸、トリクロロジフルオロプロパンスルホン酸、パーフルオロエタンスルホン酸、モノクロロジフルオロメタンスルホン酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、トリフルオロエタンスルホン酸、テトラクロロプロパンスルホン酸、トリクロロジフルオロエタンスルホン酸、モノクロロエタノールスルホン酸、ジクロロプロパノールスルホン酸、モノクロロジフルオロヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、トルエンスルホン酸、キシレンスルホン酸、ニトロベンゼンスルホン酸、スルホ安息香酸、スルホサリチル酸、ベンズアルデヒドスルホン酸、p−フェノールスルホン酸、フェノール−2,4−ジスルホン酸の塩が挙げられる。
【0029】
(9)の脂肪族スルホ(ヒドロキシ)カルボン酸の塩の例としては、2−スルホ酢酸、2−スルホプロピオン酸、3−スルホプロピオン酸、スルホコハク酸、スルホメチルコハク酸、スルホフマル酸、スルホマレイン酸の塩が挙げられる。
【0030】
(10)の芳香族スルホ(ヒドロキシ)カルボン酸の塩の例としては、2−スルホ安息香酸、3−スルホ安息香酸、4−スルホ安息香酸、5−スルホサリチル酸、4−スルホフタール酸、5−スルホイソフタール酸、2−スルホテレフタール酸の塩が挙げられる。
【0031】
(11)の脂肪族モノヒドロキシジカルボン酸の塩の例としては、リンゴ酸、3−メチルリンゴ酸の塩などが挙げられる。
【0032】
めっき浴中の金属の濃度は、用いる浴の種類やめっき対象物によって増減することが望ましいが、概ね1〜100g/lが適当であり、好ましくは5〜80g/l程度とする。
【0033】
めっき浴中の錫−亜鉛比率は、本発明の目的とするはんだ付け性皮膜を得るためには、概ね1〜20%を用いるが、本発明の浴は、錫−亜鉛皮膜が旧来から使用されてきた目的、即ちカドミウム皮膜の代替を目的として用いる際には、さらに亜鉛比率の高い浴としても使用することができる。この場合には皮膜の使用目的、皮膜の耐用年数とコスト等を勘案して亜鉛比率は純錫から純亜鉛に至るすべての比率で選択することができる。
【0034】
次に錫及び亜鉛を浴中に安定に保つための錯化剤として、下記の一般式(A)で表される脂肪族スルホカルボン酸及び一般式(B)で表される芳香族スルホカルボン酸の1種又は2種以上が用いられる。
【0035】
(A)一般式
HO3S−R−COOH
[ここで、RはC1〜C6のアルキレン基又はC2〜C6のアルケニレン基を表し、該Rの水素はカルボキシル基で置換されていてよい。]
で表される脂肪族スルホカルボン酸。
【0036】
(B)一般式
【化7】
[ここで、Xは水素、水酸基又はカルボキシル基を表す。スルホン酸基、カルボキシル基及びXは任意の位置にあってよい。]
で表される芳香族スルホカルボン酸。
【0038】
(A)の脂肪族スルホカルボン酸の例としては、2−スルホ酢酸、2−スルホプロピオン酸、3−スルホプロピオン酸、スルホコハク酸、スルホメチルコハク酸、スルホフマル酸、スルホマレイン酸が挙げられる。
【0039】
(B)の芳香族スルホカルボン酸の例としては、2−スルホ安息香酸、3−スルホ安息香酸、4−スルホ安息香酸、5−スルホサリチル酸、4−スルホフタール酸、5−スルホイソフタール酸、2−スルホテレフタール酸が挙げられる。
【0041】
上述の該錯化剤は、pH2〜6、さらに好ましくはpH2.5〜5の範囲で錫イオン及び亜鉛イオンをめっき液中で安定に保持し、良好なめっき皮膜を得るために好適であるばかりでなく、めっき排水のpHを中性〜弱アルカリ性にすることによって、該イオンはほぼ完全に水酸化物となって沈降する。このため、排水処理が極めて容易な錯化剤浴が可能となった。
【0042】
即ち、このような錯化剤としての特性は、カルボキシル基の錯化力が、スルホン酸基又は水酸基の導入によって強過ぎずかつ弱過ぎないレベルに保持される場合に初めて達成されるものであり、これまでに報告されためっき浴には見られない特性である。
【0043】
該錯化剤の使用量は、モル比で錫イオン及び亜鉛イオンの2〜20倍、さらに好適には4〜10倍使用される。使用量の不足は該pH領域において錫イオン及び亜鉛イオンをめっき浴中に安定に保つという所期の目的を達成せず、使用量の過剰は、めっき液の粘性が高くなり良好なめっき皮膜が得られない可能性がある。
【0044】
また、本発明の浴では平滑で緻密なめっき皮膜を得るために界面活性剤を添加して用いることができる。該界面活性剤は錫めっき又は錫合金めっきにおいて公知のものが利用でき、効果のある界面活性剤の例としては、例えば下記(1)〜(13)を例示することができる。
【0045】
(1)一般式
【化9】
[ここで、Rはアルキル(C1 〜C25)を表し、Aは酸素又は単結合を表す。Mは水素又はアルカリ金属を表す。]
で表されるナフタレンスルホン酸系界面活性剤。
【0046】
(2)一般式
HO−(A)m −(B)n −H
[ここで、A及びBは−CH2 −CH2 −O−又は−CH2 −C(CH3 )H−O−を表し、それらの存在位置は限定されず、m及びnは0〜40の整数を表す。ただし、m及びnの和は1〜40の範囲内にある。]
で表されるポリオキシアルキレン系界面活性剤。
【0047】
(3)一般式
R−X−(A)m −(B)n −H
[ここで、A及びBは−CH2 −CH2 −O−又は−CH2 −C(CH3 )H−O−を表し、それらの存在位置は限定されず、m及びnは0〜40の整数を表す。ただし、m及びnの和は1〜40の範囲内にある。Rは炭素数1〜22のアルキル基又は炭素数1〜25の脂肪酸でエステル化したソルビタンを表す。Xは−O−又は−COO−を表す。]
で表されるポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテル(又はエステル)系界面活性剤。
【0048】
(4)一般式
Ph−O−(A)m −(B)n −H
[ここで、A及びBは−CH2 −CH2 −O−又は−CH2 −C(CH3 )H−O−を表し、それらの存在位置は限定されず、m及びnは0〜40の整数を表す。ただし、m及びnの和は1〜40の範囲内にある。Phはフェニル基又はアルキル基(C1 〜C25)で置換したフェニル基を表す。]
で表されるポリオキシアルキレンフェニル(又はアルキルフェニル)エーテル系界面活性剤。
【0049】
(5)一般式
【化10】
[ここで、A及びBは−CH2 −CH2 −O−又は−CH2 −C(CH3 )H−O−を表し、それらの存在位置は限定されず、m及びnは0〜40の整数を表す。ただし、m及びnの和は1〜40の範囲内にある。Rは水素又はアルキル基(C1 〜C25)を表す。]
で表されるポリオキシアルキレンナフチル(又はアルキルナフチル)エーテル系界面活性剤。
【0050】
(6)一般式
【化11】
[ここで、A及びBは−CH2 −CH2 −O−又は−CH2 −C(CH3 )H−O−を表し、それらの存在位置は限定されず、m及びnは0〜40の整数を表す。ただし、m及びnの和は1〜40の範囲内にある。Ra、Rb、Rcはそれぞれ独立に水素、フェニル基、アルキル基(C1 〜C4 )又は−CH(CH3 )−φを表す。ただし、少なくとも1つはフェニル基又は−CH(CH3 )−φであるものとする。]
で表されるポリオキシアルキレンスチレン化フェニルエーテル系界面活性剤。
【0051】
(7)一般式
【化12】
[ここで、A及びBは−CH2 −CH2 −O−又は−CH2 −C(CH3 )H−O−を表し、それらの存在位置は限定されない。Ra、Rbはそれぞれ独立に水素、フェニル基又はアルキル基(C1 〜C4 )を表し、Rc、Rdはそれぞれ独立に水素又はメチル基を表し、m1、m2、n1、n2はそれぞれ独立に0〜40の整数を表す。ただし、m1及びn1、さらにm2及びn2の和は1〜40の範囲内にある。]
で表されるポリオキシアルキレンスチレン化フェニルエーテルのフェニル基にさらにポリオキシアルキレン鎖を付加した系界面活性剤。
【0052】
(8)一般式
【化13】
[ここで、Ra及びRbは水素若しくはアルキル基(C1 〜C25)を表し、同一又は異なってもよい。A及びBは−CH2 −CH2 −O−又は−CH2 −C(CH3 )H−O−を表し、それらの存在位置は限定されない。m1、m2、n1、n2はそれぞれ独立に0〜40の整数を表す。ただし、m1及びn1、さらにm2及びn2の和は1〜40の範囲内にある。Mは水素又はアルカリ金属を示す。]
で表されるリン酸エステル系界面活性剤。
【0053】
(9)一般式
【化14】
[ここで、Rは、アルキル基(C1 〜C30)、アルケニル基(C2 〜C30)又はアシル基(C1 〜C30)を表し、A及びBは−CH2 −CH2 −O−又は−CH2 −C(CH3 )H−O−を表し、それらの存在位置は限定されない。m1、m2、n1、n2はそれぞれ独立に0〜6の整数を表す。ただし、m1及びn1、さらにm2及びn2の和は1〜6の範囲内にある。−CH2 −CH(CH3 )−O−の付加モル数が−CH2 −CH2 −O−の付加モル数より多いことはない。]
で表されるポリオキシアルキル(又はアルケニル)アミン(又はアミド)系界面活性剤。
【0054】
(10)一般式
【化15】
[ここで、A及びBは−CH2 −CH2 −O−又は−CH2 −C(CH3 )H−O−を表し、それらの存在位置は限定されない。m1、m2、m3、m4、n1、n2、n3、n4は整数で、m1+m2+m3+m4=5〜70、n1+n2+n3+n4=5〜70である。m1、m2、n1、n2はそれぞれ独立に0〜6の整数を表す。ただし、m1及びn1、さらにm2及びn2の和は1〜6の範囲内にある。xは2又は3の整数を表す。Rはアルキル基(C1 〜C30)又はアルケニル基(C2 〜C30)を表す。]
で表されるアルキレンジアミンのアルキレンオキシド付加物系界面活性剤。
【0055】
(11)一般式
【化16】
[ここで、Raは、アルキル基(C1 〜C20)を表し、Rbは−(CH2 )m OH又は−(CH2 )m OCH2 COO− を表し、Rcはアルキル基(C1 〜C4 )、−(CH2 )n COO− 、−(CH2 )n SO3 − 、−CH(OH)CH2 SO3 −を表し、m及びnは1〜4の整数を表す。Mはアルカリ金属を表し、Xはハロゲン、水酸基又はアルカンスルホン酸基(C1 〜C5 )を表す。Rcがアルキル基の場合には、Mは存在せず、Rcがアルキル基以外の場合には、Mは存在してもしなくてもよく、Mが存在しないときにはXも存在しない。]
で表されるアルキルイミダゾリニウムベタイン系界面活性剤。
【0056】
(12)一般式
【化17】
[ここで、Raは水素又はメチル基を表し、又は結合がなくてもよい。Rbは水素又はメチル若しくはエチル基を表し、該アルキル基の水素の一つがエーテル結合を介してアシルオキシ基と結合していてもよい。Rcはアルキル基(C5 〜C20)を表す。カルボキシル基は水素又はアルカリ金属とイオン結合していてもよい。mは1〜4の整数を、nは0〜4の整数を表す。]
で表されるアルキル(又はアミド)ベタイン系界面活性剤。
【0057】
(13)一般式
【化18】
[ここで、Xはハロゲン、OH又はアルカンスルホン酸基(C1 〜C5 )を表し、Raはアルキル基(C1 〜C20)を表し、Rb及びRcはアルキル基(C1 〜C4 )又はアルコキシル基(C1 〜C10)を表し、Rdはアルキル基(C1 〜C10)、ベンジル基又は脂肪酸−(CH2 )n COOHを表し、ここで、nは1〜18の整数を表す。Reはアルキル基(C8 〜C20)を表し、Rfは水素又はアルキル基(C1 〜C4 )を表す。]
で表されるアンモニウム又はピリジニウム4級塩系界面活性剤。
【0058】
さらにそれらの中で好適なもので市販品として容易に入手できるものを具体的に挙げれば下記の通りである。
【0059】
前記式(1)で表されるものとして、例えばアルキル(プロピル、ブチル・・・)ナフタレンスルホン酸ナトリウム:ペレックスNB−L、β−ナフタレンスルホン酸−ホルマリン縮合物のナトリウム塩:デモールN(共に花王(株)社製)等が挙げられる。
【0060】
前記式(2)で表されるものとして、例えばエチレングリコール、ジ−(トリ−、テトラ−、オクタ・・・)エチレングリコールのようなポリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジ−(トリ−、テトラ−、オクタ・・・)プロピレングリコールのようなポリプロピレングリコール、エチレンオキサイドとプロピレンオキサイドとの縮合物等、特に、ポリオキシエチレン−ポリオキシブロックポリマー:エパンタイプ、例えばエパン720、エパン740、エパン750、エパン450等(第一工業製薬(株)社製)、プルロニックタイプ、例えばプルロニックL64、プルロニックL101、プルロニックP103、プルロニックPP150等(旭電化工業(株)社製)、ポリオキシエチレンオレイルエテール:ニッコールBO−20(日光ケミカルズ(株)社製)、ポリオキシエチレン誘導体:エマルゲンL−40(花王(株)社製)、PEO及びPPOのモノメチルエーテル:50HB−2000/5000(三洋化成(株)社製)等が挙げられる。
【0061】
前記式(3)で表されるものとして、例えば、上記の(2)に記載のようなポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール等のアルキル(例えば、オレイル、セチル、ステアリル、ラウリル・・・)エーテル若しくは脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタンエステル等、特に、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル:例えばブラウノンEL−1303、ブラウノンEL−1509、ブラウノンCH−310(青木油脂工業(株)社製);ニューコール1110(日本乳化剤(株)社製);ニッコールBL(日光ケミカルズ(株)社製);ノイゲンET−170(第一工業製薬(株)社製)、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル:例えばソルゲンTWシリーズ(第一工業製薬(株)社製)、ニューコールシリーズ(日本乳化剤(株)社製)、ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸エステル:例えばニッコールMYL−10(日光ケミカルズ(株)社製)等が挙げられる。
【0062】
前記式(4)で表されるものとして、例えば、上記の(2)に記載のようなポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール等のフェニルエーテル又はアルキル置換フェニルエーテル等、特に、ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテル:例えばノイゲンEA−150、ノイゲンEA−130T(第一工業製薬(株)社製);ブラウノンNK−808、N−512、DP−9(青木油脂工業(株)社製);ニューコール704、ニューコール707、ニューコール710、ニューコール714、ニューコール723、ブラウノンLPE−1007(青木油脂工業(株)社製)、アデカトールNP−15、アデカトールNP−720(旭電化工業(株)社製)等が挙げられる。
【0063】
前記式(5)で表されるものとして、例えば、ナフトール又はアルキルナフトールのエチレンオキサイド及び(又は)プロピレンオキサイド付加物等、特に、ポリオキシエチレンβ−ナフトール:ブラウノンBN−18(青木油脂工業(株)社製)、アデカトールPC−10(旭電化工業(株)社製)、ノイゲンEN−10(第一工業製薬(株)社製)等が挙げられる。
【0064】
前記式(6)で表されるものとして、例えば、スチレン化フェノール又はα−メチルスチレン化フェノールのエチレンオキサイド及び(又は)プロピレンオキサイド付加物等、特に、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアリールエーテル:ニューコール2607(日本乳化剤(株)社製)、ポリオキシエチレンスチレン化フェニルエーテル:ブラウノンDSP−9(青木油脂工業(株)社製)等が挙げられる。
【0065】
前記式(7)で表されるものとして、例えば、ビスフェノールAのビス(エチレンオキサイド及び(又は)プロピレンオキサイド付加物)等、例えばリポノックスNC−100(ライオン)等が挙げられる。
【0066】
前記式(8)で表されるものとして、例えば、アルキルリン酸エステルのナトリウム塩等、ポリオキシエチレン化及び(又は)ポリオキシプロピレン化リン酸のナトリウム塩等、例えば、アデカコールPS−440E、アデカコールCS−141E、アデカコールTS−230E(旭電化工業(株)社製)等が挙げられる。
【0067】
前記式(9)で表されるものとして、例えば、アルキル(又はアルケニル)アミン(又はアミド)のエチレンオキサイド及び(又は)プロピレンオキサイド付加物等、例えばナイミーンL207、ナイミーンT2−210、ナイミーンS−215(日本油脂(株)社製)、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルアミン:ニューコール420(日本乳化剤(株)社製)、ポリオキシエチレンオレイルアミン:ニッコールTAMNO−15(日光ケミカルズ(株)社製)、エトキシル化オレイン酸アミド:タムド−5、ポリオキシエチレンオレイルアミノエーテル:ブラウノンO−205(青木油脂工業(株)社製)等が挙げられる。
【0068】
前記式(10)で表されるものとして、例えば、エチレンジアミンのエチレンオキサイド及び(又は)プロピレンオキサイドN付加物等、例えばテトロニックTR−701、テトロニックTR−702(旭電化工業(株)社製)等が挙げられる。
【0069】
前記式(11)で表されるものとして、例えば、アルキル(ラウリル、オレイル、セチル、ステアリル、べへニル・・・)ジメチルアンモニウムベタイン、2−アルキル(ラウリル、オレイル、セチル、ステアリル、べへニル・・・)−N−メチル(カルボキシメチル)−N−ヒドロキシエチルイミダゾリニウムベタイン等、例えば、ソフタゾリンCH、ソフタゾリンNS(川研ファインケミカル(株)社製)、ニッサンアノンGLM−R(日本油脂(株)社製)、レボン101−H(三洋化成工業(株)社製)、ニッコールAM−103EX(日本乳化剤(株)社製)等が挙げられる。
【0070】
前記式(12)で表されるものとして、例えば、ジメチルラウリル(オレイル、セチル、ステアリル、べへニル・・・)ベタイン等、特に、ココナツアミンアセテート(ラウリルアミンアセテート):アセタミン24(花王(株)社製)等が挙げられる。
【0071】
前記式(13)で表されるものとして、例えば、ラウリル(オレイル、セチル、ステアリル、べへニル・・・)トリ(ジ)メチルアンモニウムクロライド等、例えばニッコールCA2150、塩化ベンザルコニウム:ニッコールCA101(日光ケミカルズ(株)社製)、ベンジルアンモニウム塩:テクスノールR−5(日本乳化剤(株)社製)等が挙げられる。
【0072】
これら界面活性剤のめっき浴における濃度は、0.01〜50g/lで、さらに好適には0.01〜30g/lが使用される。使用量の不足は平滑で緻密な錫−亜鉛合金皮膜を得るという前述の効果が期待できず、過剰の添加は、電流効率を低下させたり皮膜組成の均一性を低下させるなどの悪影響を及ぼす可能性がある。
【0073】
さらに、本発明のめっき浴においては、析出物の結晶を微細化するための添加剤を使用することができる。該添加剤には錫めっき又は錫合金めっきにおいて公知の物質が利用できるが、効果のあるものの例としては、下記(1)〜(19)を挙げることができる。これらは単独又は適宜混合添加して使用できる。使用量は、下記(1)の高分子物質を用いる場合は0.5〜50g/lが適当であり、好ましくは1〜20g/lである。下記(2)〜(19)の群の添加剤に対しては、0.005〜30g/lが適当であり、さらに好適には0.02〜20g/lが添加される。
【0074】
(1)下記の高分子化合物:
ゼラチン、ペプトン、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリエチレンイミン。
【0075】
(2)一般式
【化19】
[ここで、Raは水素又はアルキル基(C1 〜C4 )を表し、Rbは水素、アルキル(C1 〜C4 )又はフェニル基を表し、Rcは水素又は水酸基を表し、Aは単結合、アルキレン、ベンジリデン又はフェニレン基を表す。]
で表されるスルファニル酸誘導体及びその塩。
【0076】
(3)一般式
【化20】
[ここで、Raは水素又はアルキル基(C1 〜C4 )を表し、Rbは水素又はメチル基を表し、nは2〜15の整数を表す。]
で表されるキノリン類。
【0077】
(4)一般式
【化21】
[ここで、Xは水素、ハロゲン、アルキル(C1 〜C4 )、アセチル、アミノ基、水酸基又はカルボキシル基を表し、Yは水素又は水酸基を表し、nは0〜12の整数を表す。]
で表されるトリアゾール及びその誘導体。
【0078】
(5)一般式
【化22】
[ここで、R1 、R2 、R3 、R4 、R5 は、それぞれ同一又は異なってもよく、−H、−SH、−OH、−OR(Rは所望により−COOHで置換されていてもよいC1 〜C6 のアルキル基)、ハロゲン、−COOH、−COCOOH、アリール、−SR(Rは所望により−COOHにて置換されていてもよいC1 〜C6 のアルキル基)、
【化23】
−NH2 、−NRR’(R及びR’はC1 〜C6 のアルキル基又は一緒になって環を形成してもよい)、−NHCOR(RはC1 〜C6 のアルキル基)、−NHCOアリール、−NHNH2 、−NO2 、−CONHアリール、−CSNHアリール、−CN、−CHO、−SO3 H、−SO2 NH2 又は−SO2 NRR’(R及びR’はC1 〜C6 のアルキル基又は一緒になって環を形成してもよい)を表す。]
で表されるベンゾチアゾール及びその誘導体。
【0079】
(6)一般式
【化24】
[ここで、X及びYは、それぞれ独立に水素又は水酸基を表し、Ra及びRbは、それぞれ独立にアルキル基(C1 〜C5 )を表す。]
で表されるイミン類。
【0080】
(7)一般式
【化25】
[ここで、Xは、水素、ハロゲン又はアルキル基(C1 〜C4 )を表し、Yは水素又は水酸基を表し、nは0〜12の整数を表す。]
で表されるトリアジン類。
【0081】
(8)一般式
【化26】
[ここで、Ra及びRbは、同一又は異なっていてもよく水素、アルキル(C1 〜C18)、アルコキシ(C1 〜C18)又はシクロアルキル基(C3 〜C7 )を表し、Aは低級アルキレン基を表す。]
で表されるトリアジン類。
【0082】
(9)一般式
【化27】
[ここで、Rは、アルキル(C1 〜C4 )又はフェニル基を表す。]
で表される芳香族オキシカルボン酸のエステル類。
【0083】
(10)一般式
Ra−CRb=CH−CO−X−Rc
[ここで、Ra及びRcはフェニル、ナフチル、ピリジル、キノリル、チエニル、フリル、ピロニル、アミノ、水酸基又は水素から選ばれた基であり、該基はアルキル(C1 〜C6 )、アルキルオキシ(C1 〜C6 )、アシル(C1 〜C6 )、アルキルチオ(C1 〜C6 )、水酸基、ハロゲン、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基及び−NRdRe(Rd及びReは、同一又は異なってよく、各々水素又はアルキル基(C1 〜C4 )を表す)から選ばれた同一又は異なる置換基を1〜4個有してもよく、或いはRaとRcは結合して環状となってもよく、或いは、RcはRa−CRb=CH−CO−に等しくてもよい。Xは単結合もしくはメチレン基である。Rbは水素又はアルキル(C1 〜C4 )である。]
で表されるC=Oと共役の位置に二重結合を有する化合物。
【0084】
(11)一般式
R−CHO
[ここで、Rはアルキル(C1 〜C6 )、アルケニル(C2 〜C6 )、アルキニル(C2 〜C6 )、フェニル、ナフチル、アセナフチル、ピリジル、キノリル、チエニル、フリル、インドール、ピロニル、アルデヒド基又は水素から選ばれた基であり、該基はアルキル(C1 〜C6 )、フェニル、アルキルオキシ(C1 〜C6 )、アシル(C1 〜C6 )、アルキルチオ(C1 〜C6 )、水酸基、ハロゲン、ニトロ基及び−NRaRb(Ra及びRbは、同一又は異なってよく、各々水素又はアルキル(C1 〜C4 )を表す)から選ばれた同一又は異なる置換基を1〜4個有してもよい。]
で表されるアルデヒド類。
【0085】
(12)一般式
Ra−CO−(CH2 )n −CO−Rb
[ここで、Ra及びRbは、同一又は異なってもよく、水素、アルキル基(C1 〜C6 )又は−C2 H4 −CO−CO−C2 H5 を表し、nは0〜2の整数である。]
で表されるジケトン類。
【0086】
(13)一般式
Ra−NH−Rb
[ここで、Raはフェニルを表し、該基は、アルキル(C1 〜C3 )、ハロゲン又はアミノ基で置換されてもよい。Rbは水素、アルキル基(C1 〜C3 )、−NH−CS−N=N−φ、−CH2 又は−φ−NH2 を表す。φはフェニル基を表す。]
で表されるアニリン誘導体。
【0087】
(14)一般式
【化28】
[ここで、Ra及びRbは、それぞれ独立に水素、低級アルキル、水酸基、ニトロ基、カルボキシル基又はスルホン酸基を表す。]
で表されるニトロ化合物又はそのナトリウム、カリウム又はアンモニウム塩。
【0088】
(15)一般式
HOOC−CHR−SH
[ここで、Rは水素又はアルキル基(C1 〜C2 )を表し、該アルキル基の水素はカルボキシル基で置換されていてもよい。]
で表されるメルカプトカルボン酸類。
【0089】
(16)下記から選ばれる複素環式化合物類:
1,10−フェナントロリン、2−ビニルピリジン、キノリン、インドール、イミダゾール、2−メルカプトベンゾイミダゾール、1,2,3−(又は1,2,4−又は1,3,5−)トリアジン、1,2,3−ベンゾトリアジン、2−メルカプトベンゾオキサゾール、2−シンナミルチオフェン。
【0090】
(17)アセトフェノン及びハロゲン化アセトフェノン。
【0091】
(18)一般式
【化29】
[ここで、Ra、Rb及びRcは、それぞれ独立に、水素、メチル、エチル基又は(CH2 )n −CH(Rd)(OH)を表し、Ra、Rb及びRcのうち少なくとも一つは−(CH2 )n −CH(Rd)(OH)である。Rdは水素又はメチル基を表し、nは1又は2の整数を表す。]
で表されるアミンアルコール類。
【0092】
(19) 上記(11)から選ばれたアルデヒド類と上記(13)から選ばれたアニリン誘導体又は下記一般式(a)から選ばれたアミン類との反応生成物:
一般式(a)
Ra−NH−Rb
[ここで、Ra及びRbは水素、アルキル(C1 〜C6 )又はシクロアルキル基(C3 〜C8 )を表す。該Ra及びRbの水素は水酸基、アミノ基で置換されていてよく、また、結合して又は−NH−又は−O−を介して結合して環を形成してもよい。ただし、該Ra及びRbは同時に水素であることはない。]
で表される脂肪族一級又は二級アミン類。
【0093】
これらの添加剤のうち、特に好適な例を挙げると、
前記式(2)で表わされるものとして、N−ブチリデンスルファニル酸、N−(3−ヒドロキシブチリデン)−p−スルファニル酸、アルドール、
【0094】
前記式(3)で表わされるものとして、8−ヒドロキシキノリンに5モルの酸化プロピレンを付加した生成物、
【0095】
前記式(4)で表わされるものとして、ベンゾトリアゾール、4−ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール、4−カルボキシベンゾトリアゾール、4−メチルベンゾトリアゾール、
【0096】
前記式(5)で表わされるものとして、ベンゾチアゾール、2−メチルベンゾチアゾール、2−メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、2−アミノ−4−クロロベンゾチアゾール、2−アミノ−6−メトキシベンゾチアゾール、2−ヒドロキシベンゾチアゾール、2−クロロベンゾチアゾール、2−メチル−5−クロロベンゾチアゾール、2,5−ジメチルベンゾチアゾール、5−ヒドロキシ−2−メチルベンゾチアゾール、6−クロロ−2−メチル−4−メトキシベンゾチアゾール、2−(n−ブチル)メルカプト−6−アミノベンゾチアゾール、2−ベンゾチアゾールチオ酢酸、2−ベンゾチアゾールオキシ酢酸、6−エトキシ−2−メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、
【0097】
前記式(6)で表わされるものとして、N,N’−ジイソブチリデン−o−フェニレンジアミン、
【0098】
前記式(7)で表わされるものとして、2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−メチルイミダゾリル(1’)エチル−1,3,5−トリアジン、2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−エチルイミダゾリル(1’)エチル−1,3,5−トリアジン、2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−ウンデシルイミダゾリル(1’)エチル−1,3,5−トリアジン、
【0099】
前記式(8)で表わされるものとして、β−N−ドデシルアミノプロピオグアナミン、β−N−ヘキシルアミノプロピオグアナミン、ピペリジンプロピオグアナミン、シクロヘキシルアミノプロピオグアナミン、モルホリンプロピオグアナミン、β−N−(2−エチルヘキシロキシプロピルアミノ)プロピオグアナミン、β−N−(ラウリルオキシプロピルアミノ)プロピオグアナミン、
【0100】
前記式(9)で表わされるものとして、o−(又はm−又はp−)安息香酸メチル、サリチル酸フェニル、
【0101】
前記式(10)で表わされるものとして、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、エタクリル酸、アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸ブチル、クロトン酸、イタコン酸、プロピレン−1,3−ジカルボン酸、桂皮酸、アクリルアミド、ジアセトンアクリルアミド、t−ブチルアクリルアミド、N−メトキシジメチルアクリルアミド、クルクミン、イソホロン、メシチルオキシド、ビニルフェニルケトン、ビフェニルプロペニルケトン、フェニルイソブテニルケトン、フェニル−2−メチルプロペニルケトン、ベンジリデンアセチルアセトン、2−(ω−ベンゾイル)ビニルフラン、p−フルオロ又はクロロフェニルプロペニルケトン、p−ヒドロキシフェニルプロペニルケトン、m−ニトロフェニルプロペニルケトン、p−メチルフェニルプロペニルケトン、2,4,6−トリメチルフェニルプロペニルケトン、p−メトキシフェニルプロペニルケトン、p−メトキシフェニルブテニルケトン、p−メチルフェニルプロペニルケトン、p−イソブチルフェニルプロペニルケトン、α−ナフチル−1−メチルプロペニルケトン、4−メトキシナフチルプロペニルケトン、2−チエニルプロペニルケトン、2−フリルプロペニルケトン、1−メチルピロールプロペニルケトン、ベンジリデンメチルエチルケトン、ベンジリデンアセトンアルコール、p−トルイデンアセトン、p−ヒドロキシベンジリデンアセトン、ベンジリデンメチルイソブチルケトン、3−クロロベンジリデンアセトン、ベンザルアセトン、sub,ピリジリデンアセトン、sub,フルフリジンアセトン、sub,テニリデンアセトン、4−(1−ナフチル)−3−ブテン−2−オン、4−(2−フリル)−3−ブテン−2−オン、4−(2−チオフェニル)−3−ブテン−2−オン、(2,4−又は3,4−)ジクロロアセトフェノン、ベンジリデンアセトフェノン、アクロレイン、アリルアルデヒド、クロトンアルデヒド、シンナムアルデヒド、ベンジルクロトンアルデヒド、テニリデンアセトン、
【0102】
前記式(11)で表わされるものとして、ホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、パラアルデヒド、ブチルアルデヒド、イソブチルアルデヒド、プロピオンアルデヒド、n−バレルアルデヒド、グリオキサール、スクシンアルデヒド、カプロンアルデヒド、イソバレルアルデヒド、アリルアルデヒド、グルタルアルデヒド、クロトンアルデヒド、プロパルギルアルデヒド、ベンズアルデヒド、シンナムアルデヒド、o−フタルアルデヒド、サリチルアルデヒド、p−ヒドロキシベンズアルデヒド、p−ニトロベンズアルデヒド、o−(又はm−又はp−)メトキシベンズアルデヒド、o−バニリン、ベラトルアルデヒド、2,5−ジメトキシベンズアルデヒド、(2,4−又は2,6−)ジクロロベンズアルデヒド、m−(o−又はp−)クロロベンズアルデヒド、1−(又は2−)ナフトアルデヒド、2(又は4)−ヒドロキシ−1−ナフトアルデヒド、2(又は4)−クロル−1−ナフトアルデヒド、5−(又は2−)メトキシナフトアルデヒド、ピコリンアルデヒド、3−アセナフトアルデヒド、2(又は3)−チオフェンカルボキシアルデヒド、2(又は3)−フルアルデヒド、ピコリンアルデヒド、3−インドールカルボキシアルデヒド、1−ベンジリデン−7−ヘプテナール、2,4−ヘキサジエナール、ベンジルクロトンアルデヒド、
【0103】
前記式(12)で表わされるものとして、グリオキサール、ジアセチル、3,4−ヘキサンジオン、アセチルアセトン、3,4−ヘキサンジオンアセチルアセトン、
【0104】
前記式(13)で表わされるものとして、アニリン、o−(又はm−又はp−)トルイジン、(o−又はp−)アミノアニリン、(o−又はp−)クロルアニリン、(2,5−又は3,4−)クロルメチルアニリン、N−モノメチルアニリン、4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルメタン、N−フェニル−(α−又はβ−)ナフチルアミン、ジチゾン、
【0105】
前記式(14)で表わされるものとして、p−ニトロフェノール、ニトロベンゼンスルホン酸、2,4−ジニトロベンゼンスルホン酸、m−ニトロ安息香酸、
【0106】
前記式(15)で表わされるものとして、チオグリコール酸、メルカプトコハク酸、
【0107】
前記式(17)で表わされるものとして、アセトフェノン、2,4−(又は3,4−)ジクロロアセトフェノン、
【0108】
前記式(18)で表わされるものとして、トリエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、モノエタノールアミン、N−メチルエタノールアミン、
【0109】
前記式(19)で表わされるものとして、アミン−アルデヒド縮合物、例えばピペラジン、ピペリジン、モルホリン、シクロプロピルアミン、シクロヘキシルアミン、シクロオクチルアミン、エチレンジアミン、モノエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミンなどの式(a)で表わされる脂肪族第一若しくは第二アミン類又は前記式(13)で表わされる芳香族アミン類と前記式(11)で表わされるアルデヒド類との縮合物
などを挙げることができる。
【0110】
本発明の錫−亜鉛合金めっき浴のpH範囲は、pH2〜pH6であるので、浴のpH変動を少なくするために、このようなpH領域で使用する際に公知のように、pH緩衝剤を添加することができる。pH緩衝剤には、公知のものが使用でき、例えば、リン酸、酢酸、硼酸、酒石酸のそれぞれナトリウム、カリウム及びアンモニウムの塩、さらには多塩基酸の場合には、水素イオンを含む酸性塩などを単独又は適宜混合して使用できる。pH緩衝剤の使用量は、5〜50g/l程度が適当であり、好ましくは10〜20g/l程度添加される。
【0111】
浴中の2価の錫イオンは自然酸化を受け易いため、酸化を防止するために錫及び錫合金めっきにおいてその添加が公知のように酸化防止剤を使用することができる。酸化防止剤には、公知のものが使用でき、例えば、レゾルシノール、ピロカテコール、ハイドロキノン、フロログリシノール、ピロガロール、ヒドラジン、アスコルビン酸などを単独又は適宜混合して使用できる。酸化防止剤の使用量は、0.05〜50g/l程度が適当であり、好ましくは0.1〜10g/l添加される。
【0112】
また、本発明では、錫めっきや錫−鉛合金めっきを施すに先立って下地めっきが利用されることが公知のように、該錫−亜鉛合金めっきの下地めっきとしても、電気めっき及び/又は無電解めっきによって銅又はニッケル及びそれらの合金めっきを下地めっきとして施すことができる。
【0113】
本発明のめっき浴は、電流密度を変化させることによってめっき皮膜中の錫と亜鉛の比率を変化させることができるため、この特性を利用してめっき中に電流密度を変化させて同一皮膜中に組成の異なる合金の複層皮膜を形成させるためのめっき浴として利用することができる。
【0114】
本発明のめっき浴の各成分濃度は、バレルめっき、ラックめっき、連続めっき等に対応して、前記の範囲内にて任意に選択することができる。
【0115】
【実施例】
次に実施例によって、本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれら数例によって限定されるものではなく、前述した目的に沿って、めっき浴の組成及びめっき条件は適宜、任意に変更することができる。
【0116】
バフ研磨した銅板を素地として用いた。0.3×25×25mmに切断後、定法に従って予備処理として、ベンジン脱脂、電解脱脂、水洗の後、1〜5A/dm2 で2〜20μの錫−亜鉛合金めっきを施した。
【0117】
錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜の下層にニッケルめっきを施す場合には、通常の無光沢電気めっき浴を、また無電解皮膜を施す場合には、通常の次亜リン酸塩を還元剤とする無電解ニッケル−リン合金めっき浴を用いた。
【0118】
上記によってめっきを施した試料について、メニスコグラフ法によって、はんだ付け性試験を行い、ゼロクロスタイム、濡れ開始5秒後の濡れ荷重ならびにはんだ付け性試験後の外観状態から、得られた皮膜を評価した。メニスコグラフ法の測定条件は、錫−亜鉛はんだ(錫92%−亜鉛8%)、CRF−5Vフラックス使用(タムラ化研製)、250℃、浸漬時間5秒である。
【0119】
さらに、めっき排水の処理の容易さを確認するために、比較例及び実施例に示した各めっき液を200倍に希釈した疑似排水を対象に、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてpH7近傍にpH調整し、無機凝集剤として硫酸アルミニウム6ppmを添加する中和沈降処理法と、水酸化カルシウム水溶液を用いてpH9.5近傍に調整し、高分子凝集剤としてボンフロック(昭和電工製)3ppmを併用添加する沈降処理法を実施した。中和沈降処理後の溶液は、沈澱物をNo.5C濾紙(東洋濾紙製)にて濾別分離、濾液中に残留する錫および亜鉛を高周波プラズマ発光分光分析装置で分析した。
【0120】
比較例1
銅板試料を予備処理し、乾燥させた直後にはんだ付け性試験を実施した。
【0121】
比較例2
銅板試料を上述に従って予備処理した後、下記(A)浴から亜鉛含有率8%、膜厚5μの半光沢錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜を得た。
得られた皮膜のはんだ付け性は、表1に示すように比較例1の銅板よりも優れたはんだ付け性を示した。しかし、排水処理性については、上述に従ってpH7.1での中和沈降処理を施したが、表1に示したように錫と亜鉛が濾液中に多量に残存し、排水処理の観点から廃棄困難な溶液であった。
【0122】
比較例3
銅板試料を予備処理した後、下記の(B)浴から亜鉛含有率8%、膜厚4μの光沢錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜を得た。得られためっき皮膜のはんだ付け性は、比較例2と同様に優れたはんだ付け性を示したが、排水処理性については、上述のpH7.0の中和沈降処理では不充分であった。
【0123】
比較例4
銅板試料を予備処理した後、下記の(C)浴から、亜鉛含有率9%、膜厚5μの半光沢錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜を得た。このめっき皮膜のはんだ付け性は良好であるが、排水処理性に関しては、上述のpH7.4での中和沈降処理では不充分であり、さらに上述に従って、水酸化カルシウム水溶液にてpH9.9での沈降処理を再度施しても、錫41.3ppm、亜鉛13.1ppmが残存する廃棄困難な溶液であった。
【0124】
実施例1
銅板試料を予備処理した後、下記(D)浴から、亜鉛含有率7%、膜厚3μの光沢錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜を得た。このめっき皮膜のはんだ付け性は、比較例2〜4と同等の優れたはんだ付け性を示した。一方、(D)浴の排水処理性については、上述のpH7.3での中和沈降処理で、錫が0.2ppm、亜鉛が1.8ppmまで金属濃度を容易に減少させることが出来た。
【0125】
実施例2
銅板試料を予備処理した後、下記(E)浴から、亜鉛含有率8%、膜厚5μの半光沢錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜を得た。このめっき皮膜のはんだ付け性は、実施例1と同等の優れたはんだ付け性を示した。(E)浴の排水処理性は、上述のpH7.1の中和沈降処理で、錫0.48ppm、亜鉛2.82ppmまで減少し、さらに、上述に従って、水酸化カルシウム水溶液にてpH9.5の条件で沈降処理すると錫、亜鉛の両金属共に、0.01ppm以下の濃度まで著しく減少した。
【0126】
実施例3
銅板試料を予備処理した後、下記(F)浴から、亜鉛含有率8%、膜厚3μの光沢錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜を得た。このめっき皮膜のはんだ付け性は、実施例1と同等の優れたはんだ付け性を示した。(F)浴は2種類のスルホカルボン酸から調整しためっき浴であるが、上述に従って水酸化カルシウム水溶液にてpH9.8の条件で沈降処理を施すと、錫、亜鉛の両金属共に0.01ppm以下まで低減する優れた排水処理性を示した。
【0127】
実施例4
銅板試料を予備処理した後、下記(G)浴から、亜鉛含有率12%、膜厚5μの半光沢錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜を得た。このめっき皮膜のはんだ付け性は、実施例1と同様に良好であり、上述に従って、pH7.2の条件で中和沈降処理を施すと錫0.03ppm、亜鉛2.9ppmまで低減した。
【0128】
実施例5
銅板試料を予備処理した後、スルホコハク酸錫および亜鉛塩、スルホフマル酸から調整した下記(H)浴から、亜鉛含有率11%、膜厚10μの半光沢錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜を得た。このめっき皮膜のはんだ付け性は良好であり、排水処理性は、上述のpH7.1の中和沈降処理によって、錫0.02ppm、亜鉛0.32ppmまで低減する排水処理が容易なめっき浴であった。また、電導性塩として添加したメタンスルホン酸ナトリウムの排水処理に与える悪影響は認められなかった。
【0129】
実施例6
銅板試料を予備処理した後、スルホコハク酸錫および亜鉛塩とスルホコハク酸ナトリウムからなる1種類のスルホカルボン酸から下記(I)浴を調整した。本めっき浴から、亜鉛含有率8%、膜厚10μの半光沢錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜を得た。このめっき皮膜のはんだ付け性は、実施例1と同様に良好であった。また、排水処理性は、多量のスルホコハク酸を含んでいるにも拘らず、上述のpH7.0の中和沈降処理で錫0.05ppm、亜鉛1.9ppmまで両金属イオン共に著しく低減、除去することが出来た。
【0130】
実施例7
下地に0.1μの電気ニッケルめっきを施した後、pH緩衝剤として酢酸ナトリウムを添加した下記(J)浴から、亜鉛含有率4%、膜厚6μの半光沢錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜を得た。この皮膜のはんだ付け性は実施例1と同様に良好であった。また、(J)浴の排水処理性は、酢酸ナトリウム添加による悪影響は無く、上述のpH9.6の中和沈降処理によって、錫および亜鉛共に0.01ppm濃度まで低減する優れた排水処理性を示した。
【0131】実施例8
下地に0.1μの無電解Ni−Pめっきを施した試料を素地として、錫の酸化防止剤としてハイドロキノンを添加した下記(K)浴から亜鉛含有率7%、膜厚7μの半光沢錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜を得た。この皮膜のはんだ付け性は良好であり、排水処理性は浴中の金属濃度が高いにも拘らず、上述に従ってpH9.4で中和沈降処理した濾液中の錫および亜鉛は0.01ppm以下であった。
【0132】
実施例9
鉄−ニッケル42アロイ合金試料を予備処理した後、下記の(L)浴から、亜鉛含有率9%、膜厚8μの半光沢錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜を得た。得られた皮膜のはんだ付け性は良好であり、めっき浴は、上述のpH9.3での中和沈降処理によって、錫、亜鉛両金属共に0.01ppm濃度まで低減可能な優れた排水処理性を示した。
【0134】
実施例1〜9において得られた錫−亜鉛合金めっき皮膜は、いずれも緻密、平滑で錫−亜鉛はんだ(ろう材)を用いて行ったはんだ付け性試験に対して、従来からの錯化剤を用いためっき浴から得られた皮膜に劣らない良好なはんだ付け性を示した。得られた結果を表1に示した。
また、比較例及び実施例に示した浴からの疑似排水を処理して得られた濾液中の錫及び亜鉛の濃度を表1に示した。比較例に用いたように、従来から用いられている錯化剤の浴の排水を処理した結果に比べて、実施例の浴の排水はpHを中性ないしは弱アルカリ性に調整するだけで、残留錫及び亜鉛の濃度は極めて低くなり、排水処理が極めて容易であることがわかる。
【0135】
【表1】
【0136】
【発明の効果】
本発明に係るめっき浴は、錫−亜鉛合金めっき浴として新規な錯化剤を使用することにより、従来用いられてきた錯化剤の浴に比べて、排水処理が極めて容易であり、かつ従来浴に劣らないはんだ付け性を有する皮膜を得ることができるものである。
本浴の発明によって、健康・環境に影響のある錫−鉛系はんだに代わって錫−亜鉛系はんだを使用する際のはんだ付け性皮膜を、環境に影響を与えることなく得ることが可能となり、よって錫−鉛系はんだから錫−亜鉛系はんだへの転換を容易ならしめるものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plating technique, and more particularly to a plating bath for forming a tin-zinc alloy film having good solderability to a tin-zinc-based brazing material, particularly using a complexing agent that is easy to drain. Cyan tin-zinc alloy electroplating bath.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the electronic industry, joining with a solder (brazing material) having a basic composition of tin-lead is widely performed as an indispensable technique. In order to perform soldering quickly and reliably, it is necessary to apply a film having good solderability (solderability film) to the parts to be soldered in advance. -Lead alloy plating film is generally used.
[0003]
However, in recent years, there is concern about the impact of lead on health and the environment, and the idea of regulating tin-lead solder containing harmful lead is rapidly spreading. Considering from the viewpoint of industrial production conditions and usage conditions, there are no lead-free solders that have characteristics that can be substituted for tin-lead solders, and research and development has been conducted mainly in Japan, Europe, and the United States. By the way. As an alternative to tin-lead solder, tin is considered to be used as the first element, but as the second element, silver, bismuth, copper, indium, antimony, zinc, etc. are listed as candidates. A binary alloy or a multi-element alloy to which a third element is further added is cited as a candidate. Among them, tin-zinc alloys are not only inexpensive, but are both amphoteric metals and dissolve in alkaline solutions, making it easy to separate and recover metals from waste electrical appliance parts. For some reason, it is considered one of the potential alternative solder alloy candidates.
[0004]
Corresponding to lead-free alternative solder, it is necessary to change the solderable film to one that does not contain lead. As a solderable film other than the tin-lead alloy plating film, as a single metal film, tin, gold, silver, and palladium are considered, and when a tin alloy film is used, the composition is close to that of a brazing material. Since it is desirable, when a tin-zinc-based brazing material is used, a tin-zinc alloy plating film is considered as an object of study, but has not been put into practical use.
[0005]
Among these examination objects, there is a problem that whisker is likely to occur in the tin single film, and noble metal plating such as gold, silver, palladium, etc. has a thickness sufficient to give sufficient aging characteristics with respect to sufficient corrosion resistance or solderability. Further, plating is problematic from the viewpoint of cost.
[0006]
On the other hand, the tin-zinc alloy plating film has been studied as a conventional corrosion-resistant film, particularly as an alternative film for highly cadmium plating, and a film having a zinc content of 20% to 35% is recommended as exhibiting high corrosion resistance. In the case of such a composition, since the plating film particles tend to be fine, several kinds of baths have been reported for the method of obtaining the plating film of the composition, centering on the cyan bath. Is also used. Further, examples of the non-cyan bath include A.I. E. Davis et al. In 1956, HEEDTA bath (Trans. Inst. MetalFinish. 33, 277 (1956)), and in 1957 Rama Char et al., Pyrophosphate bath (J. Sci. Ind. Res (India) 16a, 324 (1957). )) And Toi et al. Proposed a gluconic acid bath (metal surface technology 24, 674 (1973)) in 1973. Patents also include Euro. Pat 0663460 A1 (1995) includes citric acid baths, gluconic acid baths, pyrophosphoric acid baths, and US Pat. 5,378,346 (1995) describes the tartaric acid bath. However, there are no baths studied for the purpose of obtaining a film having a zinc ratio of 15% or less, which is required as a solderable film. Furthermore, there is no report on a bath having such a purpose and capable of easily performing wastewater treatment.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to obtain a tin-zinc alloy plating film from a non-cyan bath, it is desirable that electrodeposition is performed in a weakly acidic to weakly alkaline pH region in order to bring the deposition potential close to each other. In order to maintain, complexing agents having strong complexing power such as pyrophosphoric acid, gluconic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid as described above have been required. However, when these complexing agents with strong complexing power are used, it is difficult to completely remove tin and zinc at the time of wastewater treatment. However, changing from a cyan bath to a non-cyan bath did not provide a complete solution for environmental measures.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventor of the present invention stably retains divalent tin ions and zinc ions in a plating bath in the pH range, and easily settles tin ions and zinc ions by changing the pH during wastewater treatment. As a complexing agent that can be separated, a complexing agent containing both a carboxyl group and a sulfonic acid group or two carboxyl groups and one hydroxyl group was found to be effective, and the complexing agent was used. It is possible to obtain a smooth and dense tin-zinc alloy film from the plating bath, and thus it can be used as an alternative film for tin-lead solderability film, which is a problem in terms of environment, hygiene and pollution. It has become possible to replace certain tin-lead solders and has solved the problem of replacement solder.
[0009]
Summary of the Invention
The present invention stabilizes the ions in a bath in a solution containing divalent tin ions and divalent zinc ions, and at the time of wastewater treatment, the ions can be easily removed simply by changing the pH. Sul as a complexing agentHokaLubonAcidAnd a non-cyan tin-zinc alloy electroplating bath characterized by having a pH in the range of 2-6.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Non-cyan tin compounds and non-cyan zinc compounds are used as the source of divalent tin and zinc, which are essential components for the plating bath of the present invention. 1) or 2 or more selected from oxides and salts of tin and zinc in (11) to (11) can be used singly or in an appropriate mixture.
[0011]
(1) oxide or oxyacid salt,
[0012]
(2) sulfate,
[0013]
(3) halides,
[0014]
(4) borofluoride,
[0015]
(5) silicofluoride,
[0016]
(6) sulfamate,
[0017]
(7) acetate,
[0018]
(8) A salt of a sulfonic acid represented by the following general formula (i) (ii) and / or (iii):
[0019]
(I) General formula
R-SO3 H
[Where R is C1 ~ C12Alkyl group or C2 ~ C3 The hydrogen of R may be substituted with a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, a carboxyl group or a sulfonic acid group in the range of 0 to 3, and any position of R It may be. ]
A salt of an aliphatic sulfonic acid represented by
[0020]
(Ii) General formula
[Chemical 3]
[Where R is C1 ~ C3 Represents an alkyl group. X represents a halogen of chlorine and / or fluorine, and may be at any position of the R, and the substitution number n1 of the halogen substituted with the hydrogen of the R is from 1 to all the hydrogens coordinated to the R Up to saturated substitutions are represented, and one or two halogen species are substituted. The hydroxyl group may be at any position of the R, and the substitution number n2 of the hydroxyl group substituted with the hydrogen of the R is 0 or 1. Y represents a sulfonic acid group and may be in any position of the R, and the number of substitutions n3 of the sulfonic acid group represented by Y is in the range of 0-2. ]
A halogenated alkanesulfonic acid salt or a halogenated alkanolsulfonic acid salt represented by:
[0021]
(Iii) General formula
[Formula 4]
[Wherein X represents a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, an aldehyde group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, a mercapto group, a sulfonic acid group or an amino group, or two X together with a benzene ring Can form a naphthalene ring, and the number n of substitutions of the group is in the range of 0 to 3.]
An aromatic sulfonic acid salt represented by
[0022]
(9) Salt of aliphatic sulfo (hydroxy) carboxylic acid represented by the following general formula (A):
[0023]
(A) General formula
HO3 S-R-COOH
[Where R is C1 ~ C6 An alkylene group or C2 ~ C6 The hydrogen of R may be substituted with a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group. ]
A salt of an aliphatic sulfo (hydroxy) carboxylic acid represented by:
[0024]
(10) Aromatic sulfo (hydroxy) carboxylic acid salt represented by the following general formula (B):
[0025]
(B) General formula
[Chemical formula 5]
[Wherein X represents hydrogen, a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group. The sulfonic acid group, carboxyl group and X may be in any position. ]
A salt of an aromatic sulfo (hydroxy) carboxylic acid represented by
[0026]
(11) A salt of an aliphatic monohydroxydicarboxylic acid represented by the following general formula (C):
[0027]
(C) General formula
[Chemical 6]
[Where R is hydrogen or C1 ~ C2 Represents an alkyl group. ]
A salt of an aliphatic monohydroxydicarboxylic acid represented by
[0028]
(8)-(i), (ii), and (iii) organic sulfones are exemplified by the preferable compounds among the compounds represented by the general formulas without being enumerated alone in (1) to (11). Examples of acid salts include methanesulfonic acid, methanedisulfonic acid, methanetrisulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, propanesulfonic acid, 2-propanesulfonic acid, butanesulfonic acid, 2-butanesulfonic acid, Pentanesulfonic acid, hexanesulfonic acid, decanesulfonic acid, dodecanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethane-1-sulfonic acid, 1-hydroxypropane-2-sulfonic acid, 3-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonic acid, 2-hydroxypropane -1-sulfonic acid, 2-hydroxybutanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxypentanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy Hexane-1-sulfonic acid, 2-hydroxydecanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxydodecanesulfonic acid, 1-carboxyethanesulfonic acid, 2-carboxyethanesulfonic acid, 1,3-propanedisulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, 2-sulfo Acetic acid, 2- or 3-sulfopropionic acid, sulfosuccinic acid, sulfomaleic acid, sulfofumaric acid, monochloromethanesulfonic acid, perchloroethanesulfonic acid, trichlorodifluoropropanesulfonic acid, perfluoroethanesulfonic acid, monochlorodifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoro Lomethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroethanesulfonic acid, tetrachloropropanesulfonic acid, trichlorodifluoroethanesulfonic acid, monochloroethanolsulfonic acid, dichloropropanolsulfonic acid, monochloro Lorodifluorohydroxypropanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, xylenesulfonic acid, nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, sulfobenzoic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, benzaldehydesulfonic acid, p-phenolsulfonic acid, phenol-2,4-disulfonic acid salt Is mentioned.
[0029]
Examples of the aliphatic sulfo (hydroxy) carboxylic acid salt of (9) include 2-sulfoacetic acid, 2-sulfopropionic acid, 3-sulfopropionic acid, sulfosuccinic acid, sulfomethylsuccinic acid, sulfofumaric acid, sulfomaleic acid. Of the salt.
[0030]
Examples of the aromatic sulfo (hydroxy) carboxylic acid salt of (10) include 2-sulfobenzoic acid, 3-sulfobenzoic acid, 4-sulfobenzoic acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid, 4-sulfophthalic acid, 5-sulfo Examples include salts of isophthalic acid and 2-sulfoterephthalic acid.
[0031]
Examples of the salt of (11) aliphatic monohydroxydicarboxylic acid include malic acid and 3-methylmalic acid salt.
[0032]
The concentration of the metal in the plating bath is desirably increased or decreased depending on the type of bath to be used and the object to be plated, but is generally 1 to 100 g / l, preferably about 5 to 80 g / l.
[0033]
The tin-zinc ratio in the plating bath is generally 1 to 20% in order to obtain a solderable film which is the object of the present invention. However, in the bath of the present invention, a tin-zinc film has traditionally been used. When used for the purpose of replacement of the cadmium film, the bath can be used as a bath having a higher zinc ratio. In this case, the zinc ratio can be selected from all ratios from pure tin to pure zinc in consideration of the purpose of use of the film, the useful life and cost of the film.
[0034]
Next, as a complexing agent for keeping tin and zinc stable in the bath, an aliphatic sulfur represented by the following general formula (A):HokaRubonic acidas well asAromatic sulfur represented by the general formula (B)HokaLubonAcid1 type (s) or 2 or more types are used.
[0035]
(A) General formula
HOThreeS-R-COOH
[Where R is C1~ C6An alkylene group or C2~ C6R represents a hydrogen of RIsIt may be substituted with a ruboxyl group. ]
Aliphatic sul represented byHokaLubonacid.
[0036]
(B) General formula
[Chemical 7]
[Wherein X represents hydrogen, a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group. The sulfonic acid group, carboxyl group and X may be in any position. ]
Aromatic sulfur represented byHokaLubonacid.
[0038]
(A) Aliphatic sulHokaLubonAcidExamples include 2-sulfoacetic acid, 2-sulfopropionic acid, 3-sulfopropionic acid, sulfosuccinic acid, sulfomethylsuccinic acid, sulfofumaric acid, sulfomalein.AcidCan be mentioned.
[0039]
Aromatic sulfur of (B)HokaLubonAcidExamples include 2-sulfobenzoic acid, 3-sulfobenzoic acid, 4-sulfobenzoic acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid, 4-sulfophthalic acid, 5-sulfoisophthalic acid, 2-sulfoterephtal.AcidCan be mentioned.
[0041]
The complexing agent described above is only suitable for obtaining a good plating film by stably holding tin ions and zinc ions in the plating solution in the range of pH 2 to 6, more preferably pH 2.5 to 5. In addition, by making the pH of the plating wastewater neutral to weakly alkaline, the ions are almost completely converted into hydroxides and precipitated. For this reason, a complexing agent bath that is extremely easy to treat waste water can be obtained.
[0042]
That is, such a characteristic as a complexing agent is achieved only when the complexing power of the carboxyl group is maintained at a level that is not too strong and not too weak by the introduction of the sulfonic acid group or hydroxyl group. This is a characteristic not seen in the plating baths reported so far.
[0043]
The complexing agent is used in a molar ratio of 2 to 20 times, more preferably 4 to 10 times that of tin ions and zinc ions. Insufficient usage does not achieve the intended purpose of keeping tin ions and zinc ions stable in the plating bath in the pH range. It may not be obtained.
[0044]
In the bath of the present invention, a surfactant can be added to obtain a smooth and dense plating film. As the surfactant, those known in tin plating or tin alloy plating can be used, and examples of effective surfactants include the following (1) to (13).
[0045]
(1) General formula
[Chemical 9]
[Where R is alkyl (C1 ~ C25A represents oxygen or a single bond. M represents hydrogen or an alkali metal. ]
A naphthalenesulfonic acid surfactant represented by the formula:
[0046]
(2) General formula
HO- (A)m -(B)n -H
[Where A and B are —CH2 -CH2 -O- or -CH2 -C (CH3 ) H—O—, and their positions are not limited, and m and n represent an integer of 0 to 40. However, the sum of m and n is in the range of 1-40. ]
A polyoxyalkylene surfactant represented by the formula:
[0047]
(3) General formula
R-X- (A)m -(B)n -H
[Where A and B are —CH2 -CH2 -O- or -CH2 -C (CH3 ) H—O—, and their positions are not limited, and m and n represent an integer of 0 to 40. However, the sum of m and n is in the range of 1-40. R represents sorbitan esterified with an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a fatty acid having 1 to 25 carbon atoms. X represents -O- or -COO-. ]
A polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether (or ester) surfactant represented by the formula:
[0048]
(4) General formula
Ph-O- (A)m -(B)n -H
[Where A and B are —CH2 -CH2 -O- or -CH2 -C (CH3 ) H—O—, and their positions are not limited, and m and n represent an integer of 0 to 40. However, the sum of m and n is in the range of 1-40. Ph is a phenyl group or an alkyl group (C1 ~ C25) Represents a phenyl group substituted with. ]
A polyoxyalkylene phenyl (or alkylphenyl) ether surfactant represented by the formula:
[0049]
(5) General formula
[Chemical Formula 10]
[Where A and B are —CH2 -CH2 -O- or -CH2 -C (CH3 ) H—O—, and their positions are not limited, and m and n represent an integer of 0 to 40. However, the sum of m and n is in the range of 1-40. R is hydrogen or an alkyl group (C1 ~ C25). ]
A polyoxyalkylene naphthyl (or alkyl naphthyl) ether surfactant represented by the formula:
[0050]
(6) General formula
Embedded image
[Where A and B are —CH2 -CH2 -O- or -CH2 -C (CH3 ) H—O—, and their positions are not limited, and m and n represent an integer of 0 to 40. However, the sum of m and n is in the range of 1-40. Ra, Rb, and Rc are each independently hydrogen, phenyl group, alkyl group (C1 ~ C4 ) Or -CH (CH3 ) -Φ. However, at least one is a phenyl group or —CH (CH3 ) −φ. ]
A polyoxyalkylene styrenated phenyl ether surfactant represented by the formula:
[0051]
(7) General formula
Embedded image
[Where A and B are —CH2 -CH2 -O- or -CH2 -C (CH3 ) H—O—, and their position is not limited. Ra and Rb are each independently hydrogen, phenyl group or alkyl group (C1 ~ C4 Rc and Rd each independently represent hydrogen or a methyl group, and m1, m2, n1, and n2 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 40. However, the sum of m1 and n1, and further m2 and n2 is in the range of 1-40. ]
A surfactant in which a polyoxyalkylene chain is further added to the phenyl group of the polyoxyalkylene styrenated phenyl ether represented by the formula:
[0052]
(8) General formula
Embedded image
[Where Ra and Rb are hydrogen or alkyl groups (C1 ~ C25) And may be the same or different. A and B are -CH2 -CH2 -O- or -CH2 -C (CH3 ) H—O—, and their position is not limited. m1, m2, n1, and n2 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 40. However, the sum of m1 and n1, and further m2 and n2 is in the range of 1-40. M represents hydrogen or an alkali metal. ]
The phosphate ester type surfactant represented by these.
[0053]
(9) General formula
Embedded image
[Wherein R represents an alkyl group (C1 ~ C30), An alkenyl group (C2 ~ C30) Or an acyl group (C1 ~ C30A and B are -CH2 -CH2 -O- or -CH2 -C (CH3 ) H—O—, and their position is not limited. m1, m2, n1, and n2 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 6. However, the sum of m1 and n1, and further m2 and n2 is in the range of 1-6. -CH2 -CH (CH3 ) —O— added mole number is —CH2 -CH2 There is no more than the added mole number of —O—. ]
A polyoxyalkyl (or alkenyl) amine (or amide) surfactant represented by the formula:
[0054]
(10) General formula
Embedded image
[Where A and B are —CH2 -CH2 -O- or -CH2 -C (CH3 ) H—O—, and their position is not limited. m1, m2, m3, m4, n1, n2, n3, and n4 are integers, and m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 = 5-70 and n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 = 5-70. m1, m2, n1, and n2 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 6. However, the sum of m1 and n1, and further m2 and n2 is in the range of 1-6. x represents an integer of 2 or 3. R is an alkyl group (C1 ~ C30) Or an alkenyl group (C2 ~ C30). ]
An alkylene oxide adduct-based surfactant of alkylenediamine represented by the formula:
[0055]
(11) General formula
Embedded image
[Where Ra is an alkyl group (C1 ~ C20Rb represents — (CH2 )m OH or-(CH2 )m OCH2 COO− Rc represents an alkyl group (C1 ~ C4 ),-(CH2 )n COO− ,-(CH2 )n SO3 − , -CH (OH) CH2 SO3 −M and n represent an integer of 1 to 4. M represents an alkali metal, and X represents a halogen, a hydroxyl group or an alkanesulfonic acid group (C1 ~ C5 ). When Rc is an alkyl group, M is not present. When Rc is other than an alkyl group, M may or may not be present, and when M is not present, X is not present. ]
An alkylimidazolinium betaine surfactant represented by the formula:
[0056]
(12) General formula
Embedded image
[Here, Ra represents hydrogen or a methyl group, or may not have a bond. Rb represents hydrogen or a methyl or ethyl group, and one of the hydrogens of the alkyl group may be bonded to the acyloxy group via an ether bond. Rc is an alkyl group (C5 ~ C20). The carboxyl group may be ionically bonded to hydrogen or an alkali metal. m represents an integer of 1 to 4, and n represents an integer of 0 to 4. ]
An alkyl (or amide) betaine surfactant represented by the formula:
[0057]
(13) General formula
Embedded image
[Where X is a halogen, OH or alkanesulfonic acid group (C1 ~ C5 Ra represents an alkyl group (C1 ~ C20Rb and Rc are alkyl groups (C1 ~ C4 ) Or alkoxyl group (C1 ~ C10Rd represents an alkyl group (C1 ~ C10), Benzyl group or fatty acid- (CH2 )n COOH is represented, Here, n represents the integer of 1-18. Re represents an alkyl group (C8 ~ C20Rf represents hydrogen or an alkyl group (C1 ~ C4 ). ]
An ammonium or pyridinium quaternary salt surfactant represented by the formula:
[0058]
Specific examples of those which are suitable and can be easily obtained as commercial products are as follows.
[0059]
Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1) include sodium alkyl (propyl, butyl...) Sodium naphthalenesulfonate: perex NB-L, sodium salt of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid-formalin condensate: demole N (both Kao Etc.).
[0060]
Examples of the formula (2) include polyethylene glycol such as ethylene glycol, di- (tri-, tetra-, octa ...) ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, di- (tri-, tetra-, Octa ...) polypropylene glycol such as propylene glycol, condensate of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, etc., in particular, polyoxyethylene-polyoxy block polymer: Epan type, such as Epan 720, Epan 740, Epan 750, Epan 450, etc. (Manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), Pluronic types, such as Pluronic L64, Pluronic L101, Pluronic P103, Pluronic PP150, etc. (Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.), polyoxyethylene oleyl ether: Nikkor BO- 0 (manufactured by Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.), polyoxyethylene derivative: Emulgen L-40 (manufactured by Kao Corporation), monomethyl ether of PEO and PPO: 50HB-2000 / 5000 (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) Etc.
[0061]
As represented by the above formula (3), for example, alkyl (eg, oleyl, cetyl, stearyl, lauryl ...) ether or fatty acid ester such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol as described in (2) above , Sorbitan esters, etc., especially polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers: for example, BROWNON EL-1303, BROWNON EL-1509, BROWNON CH-310 (manufactured by Aoki Yushi Kogyo Co., Ltd.); NEW COAL 1110 (manufactured by Nippon Emulsifier Co., Ltd.) ); Nikkor BL (manufactured by Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.); Neugen ET-170 (manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester: for example, Sorgen TW series (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) ), New Coal series (Nippon Emulsifier Co., Ltd.) , Polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters: e.g. Nikkol MYL-10 (manufactured by Nikko Chemicals Co.), and the like.
[0062]
Examples of those represented by the formula (4) include, for example, phenyl ethers or alkyl-substituted phenyl ethers such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol as described in the above (2), particularly polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether: Neugen EA-150, Neugen EA-130T (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.); Braunon NK-808, N-512, DP-9 (Aoki Yushi Kogyo Co., Ltd.); New Call 704, New Coal 707, New Coal 710, New Coal 714, New Coal 723, Brownon LPE-1007 (manufactured by Aoki Yushi Kogyo Co., Ltd.), Adekator NP-15, Adekator NP-720 (manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.), etc. Can be mentioned.
[0063]
Examples of the compound represented by the formula (5) include, for example, ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide adduct of naphthol or alkyl naphthol, particularly polyoxyethylene β-naphthol: Brownon BN-18 (Aoki Oil & Fat Co., Ltd. ), Adecatol PC-10 (Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.), Neugen EN-10 (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), and the like.
[0064]
Examples of the compound represented by the formula (6) include, for example, ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide adduct of styrenated phenol or α-methyl styrenated phenol, in particular, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether: Newcol 2607 ( Nippon Emulsifier Co., Ltd.), polyoxyethylene styrenated phenyl ether: Braunon DSP-9 (Aoki Yushi Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and the like.
[0065]
As what is represented by the said Formula (7), the bis (ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide adduct) of bisphenol A etc., for example, liponox NC-100 (lion) etc. are mentioned, for example.
[0066]
Examples of the compounds represented by the formula (8) include sodium salts of alkyl phosphates, polyoxyethylenated and / or sodium salts of polyoxypropylenated phosphoric acid, such as Adekacol PS-440E, Adecacol CS-141E, Adeka Coal TS-230E (Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.), etc. are mentioned.
[0067]
Examples of those represented by the formula (9) include ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide adducts of alkyl (or alkenyl) amines (or amides), such as Naimine L207, Naimine T2-210, and Naimine S-215. (Nippon Yushi Co., Ltd.), polyoxyethylene laurylamine: New Coal 420 (Nihon Emulsifier Co., Ltd.), polyoxyethylene oleylamine: Nikkor TAMNO-15 (Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.), ethoxylated Examples include oleic acid amide: Tamdo-5, polyoxyethylene oleyl amino ether: Blaunon O-205 (manufactured by Aoki Oil & Fat Co., Ltd.), and the like.
[0068]
As what is represented by said Formula (10), for example, ethylene oxide of ethylenediamine and / or propylene oxide N adduct, etc., for example, Tetronic TR-701, Tetronic TR-702 (Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd. product) ) And the like.
[0069]
Examples of the formula (11) include alkyl (lauryl, oleyl, cetyl, stearyl, behenyl ...) dimethylammonium betaine, 2-alkyl (lauryl, oleyl, cetyl, stearyl, behenyl) ...)-N-methyl (carboxymethyl) -N-hydroxyethylimidazolinium betaine, etc., for example, softazoline CH, softazoline NS (manufactured by Kawaken Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.), Nissan Anon GLM-R (Nippon Oils and Fats ( Co., Ltd.), Levon 101-H (Sanyo Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.), Nikkor AM-103EX (Nihon Emulsifier Co., Ltd.) and the like.
[0070]
Examples of the compound represented by the formula (12) include dimethyl lauryl (oleyl, cetyl, stearyl, behenyl...) Betaine and the like, particularly coconut amine acetate (lauryl amine acetate): Acetamine 24 (Kao Corporation And the like).
[0071]
Examples of the compound represented by the formula (13) include lauryl (oleyl, cetyl, stearyl, behenyl ...) tri (di) methylammonium chloride, such as Nikkor CA2150, benzalkonium chloride: Nikkor CA101 ( Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.), benzylammonium salt: Texnol R-5 (Nihon Emulsifier Co., Ltd.), and the like.
[0072]
The concentration of these surfactants in the plating bath is 0.01 to 50 g / l, more preferably 0.01 to 30 g / l. If the amount used is insufficient, the above-mentioned effect of obtaining a smooth and dense tin-zinc alloy film cannot be expected, and excessive addition may adversely affect current efficiency and film composition uniformity. There is sex.
[0073]
Furthermore, in the plating bath of the present invention, an additive for refining precipitate crystals can be used. As the additive, known substances can be used in tin plating or tin alloy plating. Examples of effective ones include the following (1) to (19). These can be used alone or in combination. The amount used is suitably 0.5 to 50 g / l, preferably 1 to 20 g / l when the polymer substance (1) below is used. For additives in the following groups (2) to (19), 0.005 to 30 g / l is appropriate, and 0.02 to 20 g / l is more preferably added.
[0074]
(1) The following polymer compounds:
Gelatin, peptone, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, polyethyleneimine.
[0075]
(2) General formula
Embedded image
[Where Ra is hydrogen or an alkyl group (C1 ~ C4 Rb represents hydrogen, alkyl (C1 ~ C4 ) Or a phenyl group, Rc represents hydrogen or a hydroxyl group, and A represents a single bond, alkylene, benzylidene or phenylene group. ]
The sulfanilic acid derivative represented by these, and its salt.
[0076]
(3) General formula
Embedded image
[Where Ra is hydrogen or an alkyl group (C1 ~ C4 ), Rb represents hydrogen or a methyl group, and n represents an integer of 2 to 15. ]
Quinolines represented by
[0077]
(4) General formula
Embedded image
[Where X is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl (C1 ~ C4 ), Acetyl, an amino group, a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group, Y represents hydrogen or a hydroxyl group, and n represents an integer of 0 to 12. ]
And triazoles and derivatives thereof.
[0078]
(5) General formula
Embedded image
[Where R1 , R2 , R3 , R4 , R5 May be the same or different from each other, and —H, —SH, —OH, —OR (R may optionally be substituted with —COOH;1 ~ C6 Alkyl group), halogen, -COOH, -COCOOH, aryl, -SR (R is optionally substituted by -COOH)1 ~ C6 Alkyl group),
Embedded image
-NH2 , -NRR '(R and R' are C1 ~ C6 Or an NHCOR (R is C1 ~ C6 Alkyl group), -NHCOaryl, -NHNH2 , -NO2 , -CONHaryl, -CSNHaryl, -CN, -CHO, -SO3 H, -SO2 NH2 Or -SO2 NRR '(R and R' are C1 ~ C6 Of the alkyl group or together may form a ring). ]
And benzothiazole and its derivatives.
[0079]
(6) General formula
Embedded image
[Wherein X and Y each independently represent hydrogen or a hydroxyl group, and Ra and Rb each independently represent an alkyl group (C1 ~ C5 ). ]
Imines represented by
[0080]
(7) General formula
Embedded image
[Wherein X is hydrogen, halogen or alkyl group (C1 ~ C4 ), Y represents hydrogen or a hydroxyl group, and n represents an integer of 0 to 12. ]
Triazines represented by
[0081]
(8) General formula
Embedded image
[Wherein Ra and Rb may be the same or different, hydrogen, alkyl (C1 ~ C18), Alkoxy (C1 ~ C18) Or a cycloalkyl group (C3 ~ C7 A represents a lower alkylene group. ]
Triazines represented by
[0082]
(9) General formula
Embedded image
[Wherein R is alkyl (C1 ~ C4 ) Or a phenyl group. ]
Aromatic oxycarboxylic acid esters represented by the formula:
[0083]
(10) General formula
Ra-CRb = CH-CO-X-Rc
[Wherein Ra and Rc are groups selected from phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, thienyl, furyl, pyronyl, amino, hydroxyl group, or hydrogen, and the group is alkyl (C1 ~ C6 ), Alkyloxy (C1 ~ C6 ), Acyl (C1 ~ C6 ), Alkylthio (C1 ~ C6 ), A hydroxyl group, a halogen, a carboxyl group, a nitro group and —NRdRe (Rd and Re may be the same or different, and each represents a hydrogen or alkyl group (C1 ~ C4 1 to 4), or Ra and Rc may be combined to form a ring, or Rc may be Ra-CRb = CH-CO. It may be equal to −. X is a single bond or a methylene group. Rb is hydrogen or alkyl (C1 ~ C4 ). ]
The compound which has a double bond in the position conjugating with C = O represented by these.
[0084]
(11) General formula
R-CHO
[Where R is alkyl (C1 ~ C6 ), Alkenyl (C2 ~ C6 ), Alkynyl (C2 ~ C6 ), Phenyl, naphthyl, acenaphthyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, thienyl, furyl, indole, pyronyl, an aldehyde group, or hydrogen, and the group is alkyl (C1 ~ C6 ), Phenyl, alkyloxy (C1 ~ C6 ), Acyl (C1 ~ C6 ), Alkylthio (C1 ~ C6 ), Hydroxyl group, halogen, nitro group and —NRaRb (Ra and Rb may be the same or different and each represents hydrogen or alkyl (C1 ~ C4 1 to 4) may be the same or different substituents selected from. ]
Aldehydes represented by
[0085]
(12) General formula
Ra-CO- (CH2 )n -CO-Rb
[Wherein Ra and Rb may be the same or different, and may be hydrogen, an alkyl group (C1 ~ C6 ) Or -C2 H4 -CO-CO-C2 H5 N is an integer of 0-2. ]
Diketones represented by
[0086]
(13) General formula
Ra-NH-Rb
[Wherein Ra represents phenyl and the group is alkyl (C1 ~ C3 ), May be substituted with a halogen or amino group. Rb is hydrogen, an alkyl group (C1 ~ C3 ), -NH-CS-N = N-φ, -CH2 Or -φ-NH2 Represents. φ represents a phenyl group. ]
An aniline derivative represented by:
[0087]
(14) General formula
Embedded image
Here, Ra and Rb each independently represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxyl group, nitro group, carboxyl group or sulfonic acid group. ]
Or a sodium, potassium or ammonium salt thereof.
[0088]
(15) General formula
HOOC-CHR-SH
[Wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group (C1 ~ C2 ), And the hydrogen of the alkyl group may be substituted with a carboxyl group. ]
Mercaptocarboxylic acids represented by
[0089]
(16) Heterocyclic compounds selected from the following:
1,10-phenanthroline, 2-vinylpyridine, quinoline, indole, imidazole, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 1,2,3- (or 1,2,4- or 1,3,5-) triazine, 1,2 , 3-benzotriazine, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, 2-cinnamylthiophene.
[0090]
(17) Acetophenone and halogenated acetophenone.
[0091]
(18) General formula
Embedded image
[Wherein Ra, Rb and Rc are each independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl group or (CH2 )n -CH (Rd) (OH), and at least one of Ra, Rb and Rc is-(CH2 )n -CH (Rd) (OH). Rd represents hydrogen or a methyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 or 2. ]
An amine alcohol represented by
[0092]
(19) Reaction product of an aldehyde selected from the above (11) and an aniline derivative selected from the above (13) or an amine selected from the following general formula (a):
Formula (a)
Ra-NH-Rb
[Where Ra and Rb are hydrogen, alkyl (C1 ~ C6 ) Or a cycloalkyl group (C3 ~ C8 ). The hydrogen of Ra and Rb may be substituted with a hydroxyl group or an amino group, and may be bonded or bonded via —NH— or —O— to form a ring. However, Ra and Rb are not simultaneously hydrogen. ]
An aliphatic primary or secondary amine represented by the formula:
[0093]
Among these additives, particularly preferred examples are:
As represented by the formula (2), N-butylidenesulfanilic acid, N- (3-hydroxybutylidene) -p-sulfanilic acid, aldol,
[0094]
A product obtained by adding 5 mol of propylene oxide to 8-hydroxyquinoline as represented by the formula (3),
[0095]
As represented by the formula (4), benzotriazole, 4-hydroxybenzotriazole, 4-carboxybenzotriazole, 4-methylbenzotriazole,
[0096]
As represented by the formula (5), benzothiazole, 2-methylbenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-amino-4-chlorobenzothiazole, 2-amino-6-methoxybenzothiazole, 2-hydroxybenzo Thiazole, 2-chlorobenzothiazole, 2-methyl-5-chlorobenzothiazole, 2,5-dimethylbenzothiazole, 5-hydroxy-2-methylbenzothiazole, 6-chloro-2-methyl-4-methoxybenzothiazole, 2- (n-butyl) mercapto-6-aminobenzothiazole, 2-benzothiazolethioacetic acid, 2-benzothiazoleoxyacetic acid, 6-ethoxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole,
[0097]
N, N′-diisobutylidene-o-phenylenediamine represented by the above formula (6),
[0098]
As represented by the formula (7), 2,4-diamino-6- [2'-methylimidazolyl (1 ') ethyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diamino-6- [2' -Ethylimidazolyl (1 ') ethyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diamino-6- [2'-undecylimidazolyl (1') ethyl-1,3,5-triazine,
[0099]
Β-N-dodecylaminopropioguanamine, β-N-hexylaminopropioguanamine, piperidinepropioguanamine, cyclohexylaminopropioguanamine, morpholinepropioguanamine, β-N -(2-ethylhexyloxypropylamino) propioguanamine, β-N- (lauryloxypropylamino) propioguanamine,
[0100]
As represented by the formula (9), methyl o- (or m- or p-) benzoate, phenyl salicylate,
[0101]
As represented by the formula (10), acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, propylene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid , Cinnamic acid, acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, t-butyl acrylamide, N-methoxydimethyl acrylamide, curcumin, isophorone, mesityl oxide, vinyl phenyl ketone, biphenyl propenyl ketone, phenyl isobutenyl ketone, phenyl-2-methylpropenyl ketone Benzylideneacetylacetone, 2- (ω-benzoyl) vinylfuran, p-fluoro or chlorophenyl propenyl ketone, p-hydroxyphenyl propenyl ketone, m-nitrophenyl propenyl ketone P-methylphenyl propenyl ketone, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl propenyl ketone, p-methoxyphenyl propenyl ketone, p-methoxyphenyl butenyl ketone, p-methylphenyl propenyl ketone, p-isobutylphenyl propenyl ketone, α -Naphthyl-1-methylpropenyl ketone, 4-methoxynaphthylpropenyl ketone, 2-thienylpropenyl ketone, 2-furylpropenyl ketone, 1-methylpyrrole propenyl ketone, benzylidenemethyl ethyl ketone, benzylideneacetone alcohol, p-toluideneacetone, p- Hydroxybenzylideneacetone, benzylidenemethylisobutylketone, 3-chlorobenzylideneacetone, benzalacetone, sub, pyridylideneacetone, sub, furf Dinacetone, sub, tenylideneacetone, 4- (1-naphthyl) -3-buten-2-one, 4- (2-furyl) -3-buten-2-one, 4- (2-thiophenyl) -3 -Buten-2-one, (2,4- or 3,4-) dichloroacetophenone, benzylideneacetophenone, acrolein, allyl aldehyde, crotonaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, benzylcrotonaldehyde, tenylideneacetone,
[0102]
As represented by the formula (11), formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, paraaldehyde, butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, n-valeraldehyde, glyoxal, succinaldehyde, capronaldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, allylaldehyde, glutaraldehyde Crotonaldehyde, propargyl aldehyde, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, o-phthalaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-nitrobenzaldehyde, o- (or m- or p-) methoxybenzaldehyde, o-vanillin, veratraldehyde 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, (2,4- or 2,6-) dichlorobenzaldehyde, m- (o- or p-) c Robenzaldehyde, 1- (or 2-) naphthaldehyde, 2 (or 4) -hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, 2 (or 4) -chloro-1-naphthaldehyde, 5- (or 2-) methoxynaphthaldehyde, Picolinaldehyde, 3-acenaphthoaldehyde, 2 (or 3) -thiophene carboxaldehyde, 2 (or 3) -furaldehyde, picolinaldehyde, 3-indole carboxaldehyde, 1-benzylidene-7-heptenal, 2,4-hexa Dienal, benzylcrotonaldehyde,
[0103]
As represented by the formula (12), glyoxal, diacetyl, 3,4-hexanedione, acetylacetone, 3,4-hexanedioneacetylacetone,
[0104]
As represented by the formula (13), aniline, o- (or m- or p-) toluidine, (o- or p-) aminoaniline, (o- or p-) chloroaniline, (2,5- Or 3,4-) chloromethylaniline, N-monomethylaniline, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, N-phenyl- (α- or β-) naphthylamine, dithizone,
[0105]
As represented by the formula (14), p-nitrophenol, nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, m-nitrobenzoic acid,
[0106]
As represented by the formula (15), thioglycolic acid, mercaptosuccinic acid,
[0107]
As represented by the formula (17), acetophenone, 2,4- (or 3,4-) dichloroacetophenone,
[0108]
As represented by the formula (18), triethanolamine, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine,
[0109]
As represented by the formula (19), amine-aldehyde condensates such as piperazine, piperidine, morpholine, cyclopropylamine, cyclohexylamine, cyclooctylamine, ethylenediamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and the like are represented by the formula (a). Condensates of aliphatic primary or secondary amines or aromatic amines represented by formula (13) and aldehydes represented by formula (11)
And so on.
[0110]
Since the pH range of the tin-zinc alloy plating bath of the present invention is pH 2 to pH 6, in order to reduce the pH variation of the bath, a pH buffering agent is used as is well known when used in such a pH range. Can be added. Known pH buffering agents can be used, such as sodium, potassium and ammonium salts of phosphoric acid, acetic acid, boric acid and tartaric acid, and in the case of polybasic acids, acidic salts containing hydrogen ions, etc. Can be used alone or in appropriate mixture. The amount of the pH buffer used is suitably about 5 to 50 g / l, preferably about 10 to 20 g / l.
[0111]
Since divalent tin ions in the bath are susceptible to natural oxidation, an antioxidant can be used as known in the addition of tin and tin alloy plating in order to prevent oxidation. A well-known thing can be used for antioxidant, For example, resorcinol, pyrocatechol, hydroquinone, phloroglicinol, pyrogallol, hydrazine, ascorbic acid etc. can be used individually or in mixture as appropriate. The amount of the antioxidant used is suitably about 0.05 to 50 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 10 g / l.
[0112]
In the present invention, as it is known that the base plating is used prior to the tin plating or the tin-lead alloy plating, the tin-zinc alloy plating may be electroplated and / or non-plated. Copper or nickel and their alloy plating can be applied as a base plating by electrolytic plating.
[0113]
Since the plating bath of the present invention can change the ratio of tin and zinc in the plating film by changing the current density, the current density is changed during plating by utilizing this characteristic. It can be used as a plating bath for forming a multilayer film of alloys having different compositions.
[0114]
The concentration of each component of the plating bath of the present invention can be arbitrarily selected within the above range corresponding to barrel plating, rack plating, continuous plating and the like.
[0115]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. However, the present invention is not limited by these examples, and the composition of the plating bath and the plating conditions are arbitrarily and arbitrarily changed in accordance with the above-described purpose. can do.
[0116]
A buffed copper plate was used as the substrate. After cutting to 0.3 × 25 × 25 mm, as a pretreatment according to a conventional method, 1 to 5 A / dm after benzine degreasing, electrolytic degreasing, and water washing2 2 to 20 μm of tin-zinc alloy plating was applied.
[0117]
When nickel plating is applied to the lower layer of the tin-zinc alloy plating film, a normal matte electroplating bath is used. When an electroless film is applied, electroless electrolysis using a normal hypophosphite as a reducing agent is used. A nickel-phosphorus alloy plating bath was used.
[0118]
About the sample plated by the above, the solderability test was done by the meniscograph method, and the film obtained was evaluated from the zero cross time, the wetting load 5 seconds after the start of wetting, and the appearance after the solderability test. The measurement conditions of the meniscograph method are tin-zinc solder (92% tin-8% zinc), use of CRF-5V flux (manufactured by Tamura Kaken), 250 ° C., and immersion time of 5 seconds.
[0119]
Furthermore, in order to confirm the ease of treatment of the plating wastewater, the pH is adjusted to around pH 7 using a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for the pseudo waste water obtained by diluting each plating solution shown in the comparative example and the example 200 times. Then, the neutralization sedimentation method in which 6 ppm of aluminum sulfate is added as an inorganic flocculant and the pH is adjusted to around 9.5 using a calcium hydroxide aqueous solution, and 3 ppm of Bonflock (manufactured by Showa Denko) is added as a polymer flocculant. A sedimentation process was performed. In the solution after the neutralization and precipitation treatment, the precipitate was changed to No. The mixture was separated by filtration with 5C filter paper (manufactured by Toyo Filter Paper), and tin and zinc remaining in the filtrate were analyzed with a high-frequency plasma emission spectrometer.
[0120]
Comparative Example 1
A solderability test was performed immediately after the copper plate sample was pretreated and dried.
[0121]
Comparative Example 2
After the copper plate sample was pretreated in accordance with the above, a semi-bright tin-zinc alloy plating film having a zinc content of 8% and a film thickness of 5 μm was obtained from the following bath (A).
As shown in Table 1, the solderability of the obtained film showed better solderability than the copper plate of Comparative Example 1. However, with regard to wastewater treatment, neutralization and precipitation treatment was performed at pH 7.1 in accordance with the above. However, as shown in Table 1, a large amount of tin and zinc remained in the filtrate, and it was difficult to discard from the viewpoint of wastewater treatment. Solution.
[0122]
Comparative Example 3
After pre-treating the copper plate sample, a bright tin-zinc alloy plating film having a zinc content of 8% and a film thickness of 4 μm was obtained from the following (B) bath. The solderability of the obtained plating film showed excellent solderability as in Comparative Example 2, but the neutralization sedimentation treatment at pH 7.0 described above was insufficient for the wastewater treatment performance.
[0123]
Comparative Example 4
After the copper plate sample was pretreated, a semi-bright tin-zinc alloy plating film having a zinc content of 9% and a film thickness of 5 μm was obtained from the following (C) bath. Although the plating film has good solderability, the above-described neutralization and precipitation treatment at pH 7.4 is insufficient with respect to wastewater treatment. Further, according to the above, the aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide is pH 9.9. The solution was difficult to discard, with 41.3 ppm of tin and 13.1 ppm of zinc remaining even after the sedimentation treatment was performed again.
[0124]
Example 1
After the copper plate sample was pretreated, a bright tin-zinc alloy plating film having a zinc content of 7% and a film thickness of 3 μm was obtained from the bath (D) below. The solderability of this plating film showed excellent solderability equivalent to that of Comparative Examples 2-4. On the other hand, regarding the drainage treatment property of the (D) bath, the metal concentration could be easily reduced to 0.2 ppm for tin and 1.8 ppm for zinc by the above neutralization and precipitation treatment at pH 7.3.
[0125]
Example 2
After the copper plate sample was pretreated, a semi-bright tin-zinc alloy plating film having a zinc content of 8% and a film thickness of 5 μm was obtained from the following bath (E). The solderability of this plating film showed excellent solderability equivalent to that of Example 1. (E) The wastewater treatment property of the bath was reduced to 0.48 ppm tin and 2.82 ppm zinc by the neutralization precipitation treatment at pH 7.1 described above. When the precipitation treatment was performed under the conditions, both the tin and zinc metals significantly decreased to a concentration of 0.01 ppm or less.
[0126]
Example 3
After the copper plate sample was pretreated, a bright tin-zinc alloy plating film having a zinc content of 8% and a film thickness of 3 μm was obtained from the bath (F) below. The solderability of this plating film showed excellent solderability equivalent to that of Example 1. (F) The bath is a plating bath prepared from two types of sulfocarboxylic acids. When precipitation is performed with an aqueous calcium hydroxide solution at a pH of 9.8 according to the above, both tin and zinc metals are 0.01 ppm. Excellent drainage treatment performance reduced to the following.
[0127]
Example 4
After pre-treating the copper plate sample, a semi-bright tin-zinc alloy plating film having a zinc content of 12% and a film thickness of 5 μm was obtained from the following (G) bath. The solderability of this plating film was as good as in Example 1, and when subjected to neutralization precipitation under the condition of pH 7.2 according to the above, it was reduced to 0.03 ppm for tin and 2.9 ppm for zinc.
[0128]
Example 5
After pre-treating the copper plate sample, a semi-bright tin-zinc alloy plating film having a zinc content of 11% and a film thickness of 10 μm was obtained from the following (H) bath prepared from tin sulfosuccinate, zinc salt, and sulfofumaric acid. This plating film has good solderability, and the drainage treatment property is a plating bath that can be easily drained and reduced to 0.02 ppm tin and 0.32 ppm zinc by the neutralization precipitation treatment at pH 7.1 described above. It was. Further, no adverse effect on the waste water treatment of sodium methanesulfonate added as a conductive salt was observed.
[0129]
Example 6
After the copper plate sample was pretreated, the following (I) bath was prepared from one kind of sulfocarboxylic acid consisting of tin and zinc sulfosuccinate and sodium sulfosuccinate. A semi-bright tin-zinc alloy plating film having a zinc content of 8% and a film thickness of 10 μm was obtained from this plating bath. The solderability of this plating film was as good as in Example 1. In addition, the wastewater treatment ability is significantly reduced and removed from both metal ions to 0.05 ppm tin and 1.9 ppm zinc by the above-described neutralization and precipitation treatment at pH 7.0, despite containing a large amount of sulfosuccinic acid. I was able to.
[0130]
Example 7
A semi-bright tin-zinc alloy plating film having a zinc content of 4% and a film thickness of 6 μm is obtained from the following bath (J) in which sodium nickel is added as a pH buffer after 0.1 μm electronickel plating is applied to the base. It was. The solderability of this film was as good as in Example 1. In addition, (J) The wastewater treatment performance of the bath is not adversely affected by the addition of sodium acetate, and by the above neutralization precipitation treatment at pH 9.6, it shows excellent wastewater treatment performance that reduces both tin and zinc to 0.01 ppm concentration. It was.
Example 8
A semi-gloss tin with a zinc content of 7% and a film thickness of 7 μm from the following (K) bath in which hydroquinone was added as a tin antioxidant, with a sample coated with 0.1 μm of electroless Ni—P plated on the base: A zinc alloy plating film was obtained. The solderability of this film is good, and the wastewater treatment property is 0.01 ppm or less of tin and zinc in the filtrate neutralized and precipitated at pH 9.4 according to the above, despite the high metal concentration in the bath. there were.
[0132]
Example 9
After pretreatment of the iron-nickel 42 alloy alloy sample, a semi-bright tin-zinc alloy plating film having a zinc content of 9% and a film thickness of 8 μm was obtained from the following (L) bath. The resulting film has good solderability, and the plating bath has excellent drainage treatment properties that can reduce both tin and zinc metals to a concentration of 0.01 ppm by neutralizing and precipitating at pH 9.3. Indicated.
[0134]
Example 19Each of the tin-zinc alloy plating films obtained in 1) is a dense and smooth plating bath using a conventional complexing agent for a solderability test conducted using a tin-zinc solder (brazing material). It showed good solderability comparable to the film obtained from The obtained results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 shows the concentrations of tin and zinc in the filtrates obtained by treating simulated waste water from the baths shown in Comparative Examples and Examples. As used in the comparative example, compared with the result of treating the drainage of the conventionally used complexing agent bath, the drainage of the baths of the examples can be obtained by adjusting the pH to neutral or weakly alkaline. It turns out that the density | concentration of tin and zinc becomes very low, and waste water treatment is very easy.
[0135]
[Table 1]
[0136]
【The invention's effect】
The plating bath according to the present invention uses a new complexing agent as a tin-zinc alloy plating bath, so that waste water treatment is extremely easy as compared with a complexing agent bath that has been conventionally used. A film having solderability not inferior to a bath can be obtained.
With the invention of this bath, it becomes possible to obtain a solderable film when using tin-zinc solder instead of tin-lead solder, which has an impact on health and the environment, without affecting the environment, Therefore, the conversion from tin-lead solder to tin-zinc solder is facilitated.
Claims (1)
(A)一般式
HO3S−R−COOH
[ここで、RはC1〜C6のアルキレン基又はC2〜C6のアルケニレン基を表し、該アルキレン又はアルケニレン基の水素はカルボキシル基で置換されていてよい。]
で表される脂肪族スルホカルボン酸、
(B)一般式
で表される芳香族スルホカルボン酸。A divalent tin ion, a divalent zinc ion, and one or more complexing agents selected from the following (A) and (B) are essential components, and the pH is 2 to 6: Tin-zinc alloy electroplating bath:
(A) General formula HO 3 S—R—COOH
[Wherein, R represents an alkylene group or alkenylene group of C 2 -C 6 of C 1 -C 6, hydrogen of the alkylene or alkenylene group may be substituted with mosquito carboxyl group. ]
In aliphatic completed with other carboxylic acids represented by,
(B) General formula
In aromatic completed with other carboxylic acids represented.
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JP34237696A JP3609565B2 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1996-12-09 | Tin-zinc alloy plating bath |
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JP34237696A JP3609565B2 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1996-12-09 | Tin-zinc alloy plating bath |
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DE19852219C1 (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2000-05-11 | Schloetter Fa Dr Ing Max | Aqueous solution for the electrolytic deposition of tin-zinc alloys and use of the solution |
KR100467711B1 (en) * | 2000-07-05 | 2005-01-24 | 주식회사 포스코 | Additive of Sn-Zn alloy deposit solution of high current density deposit and good surface appearance and the Sn-Zn deposit steel plate by depositing the additive |
JP4880138B2 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2012-02-22 | 石原薬品株式会社 | Tin plating bath, tin plating method, and electronic component tin-plated using the plating bath |
JP2005002368A (en) * | 2003-06-09 | 2005-01-06 | Ishihara Chem Co Ltd | Tin plating bath for preventing whisker |
JP4594672B2 (en) * | 2004-08-10 | 2010-12-08 | ディップソール株式会社 | Tin-zinc alloy electroplating method |
JP6620103B2 (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2019-12-11 | 日本高純度化学株式会社 | Palladium plating solution and palladium film obtained using the same |
JP7064178B2 (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-05-10 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Tin or tin alloy plating solution and method for forming bumps using the solution |
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