JP3372713B2 - Pantograph horn - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pantograph horn suitably implemented in a high-speed railway vehicle.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in an electric railway vehicle, for example, a hull of a pantograph mounted on the roof of the vehicle comes into contact with an overhead wire supported in the air, and while sliding, current is collected to supply power to the vehicle. It adopts a current collection method that supplies electricity. The boat body is arranged such that its width direction is perpendicular to the traveling direction of the vehicle, and a pair of horns is provided at both ends in the width direction. The horn has a role of smoothly guiding an overhead wire at a position outside the width of the boat to the boat. The horn is formed of, for example, a rod-shaped member having a circular or elliptical cross-sectional shape, and has a shape in which a tip end opposite to the base end connected to the boat is curved downward.

In recent years, high-speed railway vehicles represented by Shinkansen and the like have been accelerated in vehicle speed. at the same time,
Various techniques have been devised and implemented to reduce the noise that increases with increasing speed. Especially on the Shinkansen, various improvements have been made to vehicles to meet noise standards.

One of the noises generated in the railway is vehicle aerodynamic noise. The aerodynamic sound is generated by sound sources such as irregularities or steps on the vehicle surface, devices and trucks arranged under the vehicle floor, and a pantograph arranged on the vehicle roof. Particularly, since the pantograph is arranged so as to project from the roof, it receives a large wind pressure during traveling, which is one of the causes of noise.

As a prior art technique for reducing vehicle aerodynamic noise,
JP-A-5-328515 is mentioned. In this publication, the aerodynamic noise is reduced by enclosing the lower surface of the frame member or the boat body forming the pantograph with a porous sound-absorbing material or a wire mesh, or providing irregularities on the surface.

[0006]

The pantograph is one of the causes of vehicle aerodynamic noise as described above. Among the members that make up the pantograph, the horn is formed of a rod-shaped member with a circular or elliptical cross-section, and when installed in a uniform air flow, for example, a Karman vortex street is formed on the downstream side of the flow. It is clear that they are making noise.

An object of the present invention is to provide a pantograph horn capable of reducing noise generated when a vehicle is running.

[0008]

According to the present invention, in a horn provided on both sides in the width direction of a hull of a pantograph, the horn includes parts that are asymmetric with respect to the horn center line from both front and rear sides in the traveling direction. Thus, it is a pantograph horn characterized in that a notch is formed. According to the present invention, for example, a pair of horns are provided on both sides in the width direction of the hull of a pantograph attached to the roof of a vehicle. Cuts are formed on the surface of the horn that faces the traveling direction of the vehicle and the surface that faces the backward direction of the vehicle so as to include portions that are asymmetric with respect to the horn center line in the front and rear of the traveling direction and in the front and rear of the traveling direction. To do. In this way, by providing cuts on the front and rear surfaces in the traveling direction of the horn realized by, for example, an elliptic cylinder or a rectangular cylinder, the turbulence of the air that causes noise generated during the uniform air flow can be reduced. It is presumed that the air has changed to a state of turbulence that is less likely to occur. Therefore, the noise generated from the horn when the vehicle travels can be reduced. Further, in the invention, it is characterized in that the cut includes a portion which is line-symmetric with respect to a horn center line before and after the traveling direction. Further, in the present invention, the notches are formed so as to be alternately displaced in the front and rear in the traveling direction. According to the invention, the shape of the notch with respect to the horn includes a part asymmetrical with respect to the horn center line and a part symmetrical with respect to the horn, or the asymmetrical part is formed so as to be alternately displaced before and after the traveling direction. Therefore, noise can be reduced.

Further, according to the present invention, in the horns provided on both sides in the width direction of the hull of the pantograph, the notches are formed so as to be alternately displaced from the front and rear sides in the traveling direction in the front and rear sides in the traveling direction. It is a pantograph horn. According to the present invention, for example, a pair of horns are provided on both sides in the width direction of the hull of a pantograph attached to the roof of a vehicle. Cuts are formed in a surface of the horn that faces the traveling direction of the vehicle and a surface that faces the retreating direction of the horn so as to be alternately offset in the front-rear direction. In this way, by providing cuts on the front and rear surfaces in the traveling direction of the horn realized by, for example, an elliptic cylinder or a rectangular cylinder, the turbulence of the air that causes noise generated during the uniform air flow can be reduced. It is presumed that the air has changed to a state of turbulence that is less likely to occur. Therefore, the noise generated from the horn when the vehicle travels can be reduced. Further, in the present invention, the cutting depth of the cut is 1/8 or more of the length of the horn cross section in the traveling direction and is 1 /
It is characterized in being within the range of 2 or less. According to the present invention, the depth of the cut is selected in the range of ⅛ or more and ½ or less of the length in the traveling direction with respect to the horn cross section. The depth of the cut is 1 /
It is possible to set it to 2. Further, in the present invention, the aspect ratio between the length of the horn cross section in the traveling direction and the length in the vertical direction thereof is in the range of 0.8: 1 to 3: 1. According to the present invention, the noise can be further reduced by setting the aspect ratio of the length of the horn cross section in the traveling direction and the vertical length thereof within the range of 0.8: 1 to 3: 1. Further, in the present invention, the shape of the cut includes a linear waveform. Further, in the present invention, the shape of the cut includes a curved waveform. Further, in the present invention, the shape of the notch is formed as a continuous waveform in the width direction of the pantograph boat. Further, in the present invention, the shape of the cut is formed so as to include a portion parallel to the central axis. Further, in the present invention, the notches are formed at a constant pitch or depth in the width direction of the pantograph boat. Further, in the present invention, the notch is formed by changing a pitch or a depth in a width direction of the pantograph boat. According to the present invention, the shape of the cut is a corrugated shape,
Various types can be adopted from the viewpoint of continuity, pitch, depth, etc. to reduce noise.

[0010]

1 is a front view of a pantograph 1 in which a pantograph horn of the present invention is preferably implemented. The pantograph 1 is connected and fixed, for example, on the roof of the vehicle 2 via an insulator 3 for electrical insulation. The pantograph 1 includes a frame 4, a support member 5, a hull support member 6,
And a boat body 7.

The frame 4 supports the entire pantograph 1 and is fixed to the roof of the vehicle 2. Further, one end of a support member 5, which is realized by a bar-shaped member which is formed in a V shape and is free to bend, is connected to the frame 4 so as to be freely angularly displaced. The support member 5
In FIG. 1, the upper support member 8 and the lower support member 9 are connected so as to be freely angularly displaced in a plane perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG.
A link mechanism is constructed with the auxiliary link of the book. A boat body 7 is connected to the other end of the support member 5 via a boat body support member 6 that is freely angularly displaced. The support member 5 bends the connecting portion between the upper support member 8 and the lower support member 9 to raise and lower the boat body 7. Boat support member 6, upper support member 8,
The lower support member 9 and the auxiliary link form a parallelogram link, and keep the boat body 7 always in a predetermined posture, for example, parallel to the roof of the vehicle 2.

A rubbing plate 11 is provided on the upper portion of the boat body 7. The contact plate 11 is in direct contact with the overhead wire to collect current. Further, a pair of horns 12 are provided at both ends of the boat body 7 in the width direction. The horn 12 has a role of smoothly guiding an overhead line at a position outside the width of the boat 7 to the boat 7. The horn 12 is realized by a rod-shaped member having an elliptical or rectangular cross-sectional shape, and has a plurality of cuts 14 on the surface facing the traveling direction of the vehicle, the direction indicated by reference numeral 13 in FIG. Are formed.

FIG. 2 (1) is a partial plan view of the pantograph horn 12 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
2 (2) is a cross-sectional view of the horn 12 of FIG. 2 (1) taken along the line AA. The arrow 15 indicates the traveling direction of the vehicle to which the pantograph 1 of FIG. 1 is attached.

The horn 12 is realized by a rod-shaped member having an elliptical cross-section, and a notch 14 having a notch width W and a notch depth D is continuously formed on a surface facing the advancing direction and the retreating direction, that is, a saw. It is formed like a tooth. Notch 14
Are formed in correspondence with the advancing direction and the retracting direction of the horn 12. That is, the valley 14a of the notch 14 formed on the surface facing the advancing direction and the valley 14b of the notch 14 formed on the surface facing the receding direction are formed so as to be located on a straight line parallel to the advancing direction. To be done. Further, the upper surface 16 of the horn 12, which is a portion that guides the overhead wire onto the hull, is kept in a smooth state.

A partial plan view of a pantograph horn 12a according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. FIG. 3B is a sectional view of the horn 12a of FIG. 3A taken along the line AA. The horn 12a in FIG. 3 has a configuration similar to that of the horn 12 in FIG. 2, and the same components are designated by the same reference numerals.
As shown in FIG. 3 (2), in this embodiment of the present invention, the horn 12a is realized by a rod-shaped member having a rectangular cross section. In addition, the cut width W and the cut depth D are 14
Are continuously formed on the surfaces facing each other in the advancing direction and the retreating direction, correspondingly in front of and behind the advancing direction.

Further, FIG. 4 is a partial plan view of a pantograph horn 12b according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
It shows in (1). FIG. 4 (2) shows the horn 12 of FIG. 4 (1).
It is an AA sectional view of b. The horn 12b shown in FIG.
And a configuration similar to the horns 12 and 12a of FIG.
The same components are designated by the same reference numerals. In this embodiment of the present invention, the horn 12b is realized by a rod-shaped member having an elliptical cross section. Further, the horn 12b is formed with sawtooth-shaped notches 14 having a notch width W and a notch depth D so as to be alternately displaced in the forward and backward directions of the horn 12b. That is, the ridges 14c adjacent to the valleys 14a of the cuts 14 formed on the surfaces facing each other in the traveling direction and the valleys 14b of the cuts 14 formed on the surfaces in the receding direction are located on a straight line parallel to the traveling direction. Is formed as.

A partial plan view of a pantograph horn 12c according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5 (1). FIG. 5B is a sectional view of the horn 12c of FIG. 5A taken along the line AA. The horn 12c in FIG. 5 has a configuration similar to that of the horns 12, 12a, 12b in FIGS. 2 to 4, and the same components are designated by the same reference numerals. In this embodiment of the present invention, the horn 12 is realized by a rod-shaped member having a rectangular cross section.
Sawtooth-shaped notches 14 having a notch width W and a notch depth D are formed in c so as to be alternately displaced in the forward and backward directions of the horn 12c.

Furthermore, FIG. 6 is a partial plan view of a pantograph horn 12d according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
It shows in (1). FIG. 6 (2) is a horn 12d of FIG. 6 (1).
FIG. The horn 12d of FIG. 6 has a configuration similar to the horns 12 and 12a to 12c of FIGS.
The same components are designated by the same reference numerals. In this embodiment of the present invention, the notch 14 having the notch width W and the notch depth D is formed on the front and rear surfaces in the traveling direction of the horn 12d realized by the elliptic cylinder.
Are discretely formed at intervals.

The horn 12, 12a-12d of FIGS.
The value of the cutting depth D of the cutting 14 is
The value is not less than ⅛ and not more than ½ of the traveling direction length L of the cross section of 2, 12a to 12d, for example, ¼ of the traveling direction length L. Further, the aspect ratio H: L, which is the ratio of the vertical length H, which is the length of the horns 12, 12a to 12d in the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction, and the traveling direction length L, is 1:
A value in the range 0.8-1: 3, for example 1: 1.5, is chosen. The value of the cutting width W is selected to be, for example, twice the value of the cutting depth D. Also, as shown in FIG.
In the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the value of the cutting width W of the horn 12e may be selected to be twice or more the value of the cutting depth D.

FIG. 8 shows a classification of yet another embodiment of the present invention regarding the shape of the notch 14 of the horn 12. The waveform is classified into a sawtooth wave that changes linearly, a sine wave that changes curvedly, and a combination of a curve and a straight line. That is, some include a linear waveform and others include a curved waveform. The continuity is classified into one in which the cut is continuously formed in the width direction of the boat 7 and one in which the cut is discontinuous including a portion not formed. The discontinuous type includes a regular intermittent type in which a plurality of cuts are formed at regular intervals, and a type in which individual cuts are intermittently formed at intervals. The continuous pitch and depth of the cut are constant, those that change regularly,
It is classified as something that changes irregularly.

The characteristics of the cut shape in the front and rear of the traveling direction are classified into symmetry and phase shift. The symmetry includes a line symmetry as a whole, a line symmetry as a part with respect to the central axis of the horn 12, and a line asymmetry as a whole. Regarding the shift, as in the case of the first and second embodiments of the present invention shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 described above, those that correspond to the front and back without phase shift, and FIGS.
As in the third and fourth embodiments of the present invention shown in FIG.
There is a phase that has a half cycle, that is, a phase that alternates.
Some of the phase shifts before and after the shift are less than a half cycle or more than a half cycle.

By appropriately adopting or combining the above-mentioned respective shapes, noise can be reduced while considering strength, material cost, processing cost and the like. In the case of a horn, in particular, a force acts on the tip of the horn in the front-rear direction, so that stress may be extremely concentrated when the groove bottom of the notch formed for reducing noise has a perfect angle. To prevent this, R may be provided at the groove bottom within a range that does not hinder the action of preventing noise generation.

Noise generated in a uniform air flow was measured by using a rod-shaped member constituting the pantograph horn of the present invention. FIG. 9 (1) is a front view of a measuring device for measuring the noise. FIG. 9 (2) is a plan view of the measuring device of FIG. 9 (1).

The rod-like member 21 is fixed on the horizontal central axis 23 of the wind tunnel outlet 22 using a mounting member 24. The wind blows out from the wind tunnel outlet 22 in the direction indicated by the arrow 25, as shown in FIG.
A uniform air flow that flows from right to left in (1) and FIG. 9 (2) is generated. Further, a microphone 27 is provided on the shaft 26 that passes through the center of the rod-shaped member 21 and is orthogonal to the central axis 23 to collect the noise generated by the rod-shaped member 21 placed in the uniform air flow. The sound pressure level of the noise collected by the microphone 27 is measured for each frequency of the sound wave.

10 to 13 show a rod-shaped member used in the pantograph horn of the present invention and a rod-shaped member used in the prior art pantograph horn in a uniform air flow using the measuring device of FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of measuring the sound pressure level of the sound waves generated by being installed in the. The vertical axis represents the sound pressure level of noise, and the unit is dB. The horizontal axis represents the frequency of noise sound waves, and the unit is Hz. The wind speed of the wind blown from the wind tunnel outlet 22 is 40 m / s.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the sound pressure level for each frequency of each sound wave of the noise generated by the rod-shaped member of the prior art which is a cylinder and the rod-shaped member of the present invention in which the notch is formed in the elliptic cylinder. . The solid line 31 shows the sound pressure level of the noise generated by the prior art rod-shaped member. Two-dot chain line 32
Shows the sound pressure level of the noise generated by the rod-shaped member of the present invention. In the rod-shaped member of the present invention, the aspect ratio H: L is 1: 1.5, and the notches are formed on the front and rear surfaces in the direction of arrow 25 in FIG. The cutting depth D of the cut was selected to be ¼ of the length L of the cross section of the rod-shaped member in the traveling direction, and the cutting width W was selected to be twice the cutting depth D.

From this graph, the frequency of the sound wave is 100H.
It can be seen that in the range from z to 1000 Hz, the sound pressure level of the noise generated by the rod-shaped member of the present invention is lower than that of the noise generated by the rod-shaped member of the prior art. At the frequency where the sound pressure level of the noise generated by the rod-shaped member of the prior art is maximum, which is indicated by reference numeral 33 in particular, the sound pressure level of the noise generated by the rod-shaped member of the present invention is the sound pressure level of the sound wave generated by the rod-shaped member of the prior art. It can be seen that compared with the level, it is reduced by about 20 dB.

FIG. 11 shows sound pressure levels of noises respectively generated by a rod-shaped member of the prior art which is a cylinder and a rod-shaped member of the present invention in which a rectangular column is provided with a cut. Two-dot chain line 3
4 shows the sound pressure level of the noise generated by the rod-shaped member of the present invention. In the rod-shaped member of the present invention, the aspect ratio H: L is 1: 1.5, and the notches are formed on the front and rear surfaces in the direction of arrow 25 in FIG. The depth of cut D was selected to be 1/4 of the length L of the cross section of the rod-shaped member in the traveling direction, and the width of cut W was selected to be twice the depth of cut D.

From this graph, the sound wave frequency is 100H.
It can be seen that in the range from z to 1800 Hz, the sound pressure level of the noise generated by the rod-shaped member of the present invention is lower than that of the noise generated by the rod-shaped member of the prior art. In particular, at the frequency at which the sound pressure level of the noise generated by the conventional rod-shaped member indicated by reference numeral 33 is the maximum, the sound pressure level of the noise generated by the rod-shaped member of the present invention is the sound pressure level of the noise generated by the conventional rod-shaped member. It can be seen that it is reduced by about 15 dB compared with.

FIG. 12 shows sound pressure levels of noises respectively generated by the rod-shaped member of the prior art which is an elliptic cylinder and the rod-shaped member of the present invention in which the notch is provided in the elliptic cylinder. See also FIG.
3 shows the sound pressure levels of noises respectively generated by the bar-shaped member of the prior art which is an elliptic cylinder and the bar-shaped member of the present invention in which a notch is provided in a rectangular pillar. The solid line 35 shows the sound pressure level of the noise produced by the prior art bar. The aspect ratio H: L of the prior art rod-shaped member was chosen to be 1: 1.5.

From this graph, the frequency of the sound wave of noise is 1
In the range of 00 Hz or more and 1600 Hz or less, the sound pressure level of the noise generated by the rod-shaped member of the present invention in which the notch is provided in the elliptic cylinder or the rectangular column is lower than the noise generated by the rod-shaped member of the conventional elliptic cylinder. You can see that In particular, at frequencies where the sound pressure level of the noise produced by the prior art bar-shaped members indicated by reference numerals 36 and 37 is at a maximum, the sound pressure level of the noise produced by the bar-shaped member of the present invention is produced by the prior art bar-shaped member. Compared with the sound pressure level of noise, it is reduced by about 10 dB.

As described above, the sound pressure level of noise generated when the notched elliptic cylinder and rectangular pillar are installed in a uniform air flow by making the notch in the elliptic cylinder or the rectangular pillar, It can be reduced more than a cylinder or an elliptic cylinder without a notch.

As described above, the pantograph horn of the present invention can reduce the noise generated in the uniform air flow as compared with the prior art pantograph horn.

[0034]

As described above, according to the present invention, the horns provided at both widthwise ends of the hull of the pantograph are provided with notches on the front and rear surfaces in the traveling direction thereof. The cutting depth of the horn is 1/8 of the length of the horn cross section in the traveling direction.
The depth is selected to be 1/2 or less. The cuts are formed so as to be alternately displaced. The length of the horn cross section in the traveling direction is selected to be 0.8 or more and 3 or less, where 1 is the vertical length that is the length in the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the horn cross section. As a result, it is possible to reduce noise such as wind noise generated from the horn when the vehicle travels. Therefore, the noise generated when the vehicle speed of the vehicle equipped with the pantograph equipped with the horn of the present invention is increased is generated when the vehicle equipped with the pantograph equipped with the conventional horn is run at the same speed. It is less than the noise you make.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a pantograph 1 in which a pantograph horn of the present invention is preferably implemented.

2A and 2B are a partial plan view and an AA cross-sectional view of a pantograph horn 12 of FIG. 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

3A and 3B are a partial plan view and an AA cross-sectional view of a horn 12a of the pantograph of FIG. 1, which is a second embodiment of the present invention.

4A and 4B are a partial plan view and an AA cross-sectional view of a horn 12b of the pantograph of FIG. 1, which is a third embodiment of the present invention.

5A and 5B are a partial plan view and an AA cross-sectional view of a horn 12c of the pantograph of FIG. 1, which is a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

6A and 6B are a partial plan view and an AA cross-sectional view of a horn 12d of the pantograph of FIG. 1, which is a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

7A and 7B are a partial plan view and an AA cross-sectional view of a horn 12e of the pantograph of FIG. 1, which is a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a waveform chart showing classified cut shapes of a horn as still another embodiment of the present invention.

9A and 9B are a front view and a plan view of a measuring device for measuring noise generated by a rod-shaped member that constitutes the pantograph horn 12 of the present invention.

10 is a graph showing sound pressure levels of sound waves generated by a rod-shaped member used in the pantograph horn of FIG. 2 and a cylinder used in the conventional pantograph horn in a uniform air flow.

11 is a graph showing sound pressure levels of sound waves generated by a rod-shaped member used in the horn of the pantograph of FIG. 3 and a cylinder used in the horn of the pantograph of the related art in a uniform air flow.

12 is a graph showing sound pressure levels of sound waves generated by a rod-shaped member used in the pantograph horn of FIG. 2 and an elliptic cylinder used in the conventional pantograph horn in a uniform air flow.

13 is a graph showing sound pressure levels of sound waves generated by a rod-shaped member used in the pantograph horn of FIG. 3 and an elliptic cylinder used in the conventional pantograph horn in a uniform air flow.

[Explanation of Codes] 1 Pantograph 2 Vehicle 3 Sight 4 Frame 5 Supporting member 6 Boat support member 7 Boat body 8 Upper support member 9 Lower support member 11 Riding plates 12, 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e Horn 14 Notch

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── --Continued from the front page (56) Reference JP-A-59-169302 (JP, A) JP-A-7-107609 (JP, A) JP-A-8-130802 (JP, A) JP-A-8- 79906 (JP, A) Actual Kaihei 4-80202 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B60L 5/24

Claims (12)

(57) [Claims] 1. A horn provided on both sides in the width direction of a hull of a pantograph, wherein notches are formed from both front and rear sides in the traveling direction so as to include portions asymmetric with respect to the horn center line in the front and rear sides in the traveling direction. Pantograph horn characterized by being 2. The horn for a pantograph according to claim 1, wherein the notch includes a portion that is line-symmetric with respect to the horn center line before and after the traveling direction. 3. The cuts are formed so as to be displaced alternately in the front and back in the traveling direction.
The described pantograph horn. 4. A horn provided on both sides in the width direction of a hull of a pantograph, wherein notches are formed so as to be alternately displaced from the front and rear sides in the traveling direction in the front and rear directions in the traveling direction. Horn. 5. The pantograph according to claim 3, wherein the cut depth of the cut is in the range of 1/8 or more and 1/2 or less of the length of the horn section in the traveling direction. Horn. 6. The aspect ratio between the length of the horn section in the traveling direction and the length in the vertical direction is 0.8: 1 to 3: 1.
The pantograph horn according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the horn is within the range. 7. The pantograph horn according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the cut includes a linear waveform. 8. The pantograph horn according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the cut includes a curved waveform. 9. The pantograph horn according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the notch is formed as a continuous waveform in the width direction of the pantograph boat. 10. The shape of the cut is formed so as to include a portion parallel to the central axis.
8. The pantograph horn according to any one of 8. 11. The pantograph horn according to claim 1, wherein the notches are formed at a constant pitch or depth in the width direction of the pantograph boat. 12. The pantograph horn according to claim 1, wherein the notch is formed by changing a pitch or a depth in a width direction of the pantograph boat.