JP2935400B2 - Anemometer - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an anemometer suitable for miniaturization, and more particularly to a gas detector for detecting leakage of flammable gas, toxic gas, various oils and vapors of organic solvents in various outdoor plants. The present invention relates to a wind anemometer suitable for measuring the wind direction in relation to a vessel.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, wind directions and wind speeds in the above-mentioned various outdoor plants have been usually measured by a wind direction anemometer for meteorological observation installed on a rooftop of an instrument room. However, when trying to detect gas or other leaks using a gas detector, it is necessary to know the local wind speed at the detection location in order to know the magnitude of the leak. Since it is necessary to further know the wind direction, such anemometers for meteorological observation are large and expensive, and many of them do not have explosion-proof structures, so that they are not suitable for being provided anywhere in a plant. Also, when miniaturizing the mechanical anemometer,
It was difficult to measure the direction and speed of the breeze.

Recently, small and inexpensive sensors such as a semiconductor type, a thermistor type, and a resistance temperature detector have become widespread with respect to the wind direction and wind speed. All of these sensors measure the wind direction and wind speed from heat loss from a sensor by wind. However, contact with raindrops, fog, and dust can cause significant errors, and no one can withstand outdoor use.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and its main purpose is to reduce the size and the cost and to make the wind direction at the time of light winds.
And wind speed are responsive and accurately measurable, is to provide a wind anemometer for easy outdoor be explosion-proof if necessary.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, there is provided a top plate and a bottom plate which are vertically separated from each other, and a space between the top plate and the bottom plate in an empty room which is vertically closed by the top plate and the bottom plate. And a predetermined distance from the center of the empty space
A plurality of partitions extending radially outward at equal angular intervals and a predetermined length radially between the radial position and the outer peripheral portion ;
Sensors or have their own directivity
A wind direction and wind speed sensor comprising a combined sensor group ,
The wind passes through the radial passage defined by the top plate, bottom plate and partition.
Passing through the center from outside through a road,
This is achieved by providing a wind anemometer characterized by being discharged to the outside.

[0006]

[Function] The top and bottom are closed by the top and bottom plates, and the center is
Several partitions radially in the horizontal direction so that they do not close
Arrangement, and a passage for the wind that converges from the outer periphery to the center.
A sensor that defines and has its own directivity in the center or
Sensors combined to have directivity
By measuring the wind direction and wind speed, the wind direction is specified by the bulkhead
In addition, the wind speed can be measured in an accelerated state. In particular, by narrowing the interval between the top plate and the bottom plate toward the center in the radial direction, more suitable acceleration of the wind speed becomes possible. At this time, the wind introduced into the center from the outside through any of the passages is discharged to the outside through the passage at a position symmetrical to the introduction passage without changing the wind direction.
The flow path resistance does not become unnecessarily high, and there is no fear that the air volume decreases. Further, by providing an annular air filter on the outer peripheral portion of the anemometer, even if it can be used in a severe environment, there is no problem such as a decrease in sensitivity.

As the wind direction and wind speed sensor, a plurality of omnidirectional wind speed sensors of a type such as a two-dimensional semiconductor flow sensor, a thermistor type, and a resistance temperature sensor type are arranged in a ring, or a mechanical two-dimensional wind direction and wind speed sensor. Can be considered.

In the case where a two-dimensional wind direction / wind speed sensor is used, if it is located near the center line of the cylinder, the wind direction of the outside air flowing outside the wind direction anemometer can be measured. A correlation formula can be created by actually measuring or calculating the wind speed of the outside air and the wind speed measured by the two-dimensional wind direction wind speed sensor, and corrected by a signal processor using a digital circuit element to measure the wind speed of the outside air.

When an omnidirectional wind speed sensor is used, the flow velocity of air flowing toward the center of the anemometer through a passage defined by equally spaced partitions is measured at the inner port of each passage. Is scanned to determine the wind direction, and the overall air flow rate at the center is measured to determine the wind speed.

In this case, in order to obtain the wind direction more accurately, the flow rate indicated by the sensor indicating the maximum value and the flow rate indicated by the adjacent sensors are interpolated by a quadratic curve or the like by an interpolation method. You may ask.

[0011]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a wind anemometer according to a first embodiment to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view thereof. The wind direction anemometer has a top plate 1 and a bottom plate 2 made of two circular plates that face each other at an interval above and below and define a substantially cylindrical empty space 3. The top plate 1 and the bottom plate 2 are gradually depressed toward the center thereof in a direction approaching each other, so that the vacant space 3 has an outer peripheral portion 3a having a wide vertical width and an intermediate portion 3b having a gradually narrowing vertical width. , The central portion 3c having a narrow vertical width. Here, top plate 1
The diameter of the central portion of the bottom plate 2 and the vertical interval thereof were 2 cm. The inclination of the top plate 1 and the bottom plate 2 in the intermediate portion 3b was about 27 degrees.

Between the top plate 1 and the bottom plate 2, the intermediate portion 3 is provided.
From the b to the outer peripheral portion 3a, eight partition walls 4 extend radially at equal angular intervals from the outer periphery of the top plate 1 and the outer periphery of the bottom plate 2 to define the empty room 3 as passages 5 in eight directions. An air filter 7 for preventing raindrops, fog, and dust from entering inside is provided at the outer peripheral portion 3a of each passage 5. Here, the approximate dimensions of the air filter 7 are the outer diameter 10.
A filter having a porosity of 95%, made of fine stainless steel wire, having a height of 4 cm and a filter thickness of 2 cm was used. Also,
The ratio obtained by dividing the area of the outer peripheral surface of the air filter 7 by the area of the inner peripheral port of the passage 5 is 10, which is equal to the reciprocal of the wind speed ratio at those points.

On the other hand, a two-dimensional semiconductor flow sensor 9 which is held at a central position of the central portion 3c in the vacant space 3 and which is held in a holder 8 made of a pipe having a diameter of about 14 mm so that only the sensitive surface is exposed is arranged. . The flow sensor 9 is a sensor capable of measuring not only the wind speed but also the wind direction over 360 degrees, that is, two-dimensionally.

Such an anemometer is mounted on the member 12 by the mounting bracket 10 and the packing 11 so that the top plate 1, the bottom plate 2 and the flow sensor 9 are horizontal, and the space between the member 12 and the mounting member 12 is airtight. It will be attached so that it becomes. At this time, the wiring 13 of the flow sensor 9 is
Is connected to an external management device (not shown) via the attached member 12. Here, the flow sensor 9 and the wiring 13 have an intrinsically safe explosion-proof structure by a low power consumption design.

Incidentally, in this embodiment, over 360 degrees, that is, 2 degrees
Although a flow sensor that can be dimensionally measured is used, it functions as a 360-degree two-dimensional sensor by using at least two one-dimensional flow sensors having detection directions different from each other and by vector synthesizing the wind speed detected by each sensor. You may let it. The air filter 7 is not only a metal mesh but also a porous material in the air, such as a material obtained by stacking fibers such as glass and polymer, a thin wire, a mesh, a film, and the like, and a material obtained by fusing and bonding fine particles to each other. Any filter that can efficiently remove raindrops, fog, dust and the like may be used.
May be configured such that the porosity, material, and the like are different from the outside to the inside, and the area through which the wind passes can be increased by pleating. When using in places with a lot of fog that is difficult to remove with a normal air filter, place a thin wire, net, or membrane with self-heating, such as a self-controllable heating element, inside the air filter. To heat the air containing the fog to eliminate the fog.

When the relationship between the outside air velocity of the wind direction anemometer and the wind velocity measured by the above-mentioned sensor was determined by an approximate calculation, the outside air velocity was 30 (cm / s) and 300 (cm / s).
s) The sensor measurement wind speed at 1500 (cm / s) is 7 (cm / s), 260 (cm / s), 1740 (cm)
/ S).

As described above, it was possible to accurately measure even a low wind speed despite the use of a wind resistor such as an air filter.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a wind anemometer according to a second embodiment to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 4 is a transverse sectional view thereof.

In this embodiment, in the empty space 3 defined by the top plate 1 and the bottom plate 2 having the same structure as the first embodiment, the inner side of the passage 5 defined by the eight partition walls 4, that is, Eight non-directional temperature compensation element built-in direct heat thermistor type wind speed sensors 19 having an outer diameter of about 1 mm are supported by a holder 18 having a diameter of about 20 mm in the vicinity of the side opening at the central portion 3c. Also,
At the center of the holder 18, there is provided a direct heat thermistor type wind speed sensor 20, which is similar to the wind speed sensor 19 but is slightly longer, with a built-in omnidirectional temperature compensation element.

In this embodiment, the wind speed at each position is measured by the non-directional wind speed sensors 19 provided in the eight passages 5 defined by the partition walls 4, and the flow velocity output signals are scanned in a circuit. The wind direction is obtained, and the wind speed is measured by a wind speed sensor 20 provided at the center of the holder 18.

The relationship between the outside air speed of the wind direction anemometer and the wind speed measured by the sensor was obtained by an approximate calculation, and the same result as in the first embodiment was obtained.

In each of the above embodiments, the air filter 7
Is obtained by dividing the area of the outer peripheral surface by the area of the port on the inner peripheral side of the passage 5 is equal to the reciprocal of the wind speed ratio at those points.
To 30, preferably 5 to 15. The number of the partition walls 4 depends on the accuracy of the wind direction to be measured, but usually 4 directions or more, preferably 8 directions to 16 directions is sufficient.
Needless to say, eight, sixteen, and sixteen partition walls 4 are required. At this time, when the density of the air filter is high and thin, even if the partition wall 4 does not extend to the outer peripheral surface of the air filter 7 but extends to the inner peripheral surface, there is no significant influence on the wind direction distribution. Conversely, when the density of the air filter 7 is low, the air filter 7 may be filled up to the vicinity of the mouth inside the passage 5,
It is desirable to stop the position occupied by the air filter 7 at a position that does not exceed the re-dispersion flow rate of collected raindrops, fog, dust, and the like. The re-dispersion velocity is 20 m / s
It is desirable that the speed be 5 m / s or less even in strong winds such as described above.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a main part of a mechanical wind direction / speed sensor according to a third embodiment to which the present invention is applied. The anemometers face each other at an interval in the vertical direction, and have a top plate and a bottom plate consisting of two circular plates that define a cylindrical vacancy in the center, and radiate from the outside of the vacancy in the center. It has eight partition walls extending radially outward at equal angular intervals to the outer periphery of the two circular plates. The specific structure is the same as that of the first and second embodiments. However, in this embodiment, the top plate and the bottom plate are parallel and no air filter is provided. A mechanical air direction / speed sensor shown in FIG. 5 is housed in a cylindrical empty room in the center. Here, code 2
Reference numeral 1 denotes a plate-shaped wind direction sensor that freely rotates in a wind direction, and reference numeral 22 denotes a windmill type wind speed sensor that rotates in one direction. It is needless to say that the wind speed is accelerated in this central portion, so that it is possible to measure even a light wind.

[0025]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the anemometer according to the present invention, the separated top plate and bottom plate are provided.
Radially in the horizontal direction between the plates so that they do not close at the center
Arrange multiple partitions and converge from the outer periphery to the center
Sensor that defines a wind path and has directivity at the center
Or a sensor that has been
By measuring the wind direction and wind speed, the wind direction is measured by the bulkhead.
Whether the wind speed can be measured while identifying and accelerating
Et al., Outdoor raindrop can be correctly measured wind speed and wind direction from breeze to strong wind comprising a mist and dust.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a simplified front view of a first embodiment of an anemometer to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a simplified front view of a second embodiment of the anemometer to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a simplified perspective view of only a mechanical wind sensor in a third embodiment of an anemometer to which the present invention is applied.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Top plate 2 Bottom plate 3 Vacancy 3a Peripheral part 3b Intermediate part 3c Central part 4 Partition wall 5 Passage 7 Air filter 8 Holder 9 Two-dimensional semiconductor flow sensor 10 Mounting bracket 11 Packing 12 Mounting member 13 Wiring 18 Holder 19, 20 Non-directional Direct temperature thermistor type wind speed sensor with built-in temperature compensation element 21 Wind direction sensor 22 Wind speed sensor

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] A top plate and a bottom plate which are vertically separated from each other, and an empty room which is vertically closed by the top plate and the bottom plate,
It extends over the said top plate and bottom plates, and in the Check
Heart between the predetermined radial position and the outer peripheral portion, radially, and a plurality of partition walls extending radially outwardly with an equal angular intervals and a predetermined length, provided in the center portion of the air chamber, is itself Have directivity
Sensor or self-directed combination
A wind direction and wind speed sensor comprising a group of sensors, wherein the wind is distributed in a radial direction defined by the top plate, the bottom plate and the partition.
Passing through the center from outside through a road,
An anemometer characterized by being discharged to the outside. 2. The space between the top plate and the bottom plate is radially centered.
Claims characterized by gradually narrowing over the part
An anemometer according to claim 1 . 3. The anemometer according to claim 1, wherein said wind direction sensor comprises a two-dimensional flow sensor. 4. The wind direction and wind speed sensor includes a wind direction sensor comprising a plurality of non-directional wind speed sensors arranged in a ring, and a non-directional wind speed sensor disposed at the center of the wind direction sensor. The wind direction anemometer according to claim 1, wherein the wind direction is determined by comparing the detection results from the wind speed sensors arranged in a row, and the wind speed is determined by the wind speed sensor arranged at the center. . 5. The wind direction according to claim 1, wherein said wind direction wind speed sensor comprises a plate-shaped wind direction sensor that freely rotates in a wind direction and a windmill type wind speed sensor that rotates in one direction. Anemometer. 6. An air filter, wherein an annular air filter is provided on an outer peripheral portion of the empty chamber.
An anemometer according to any one of the above.