JP2880101B2 - Chipper shredder - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a chipper shredder for crushing a tree or the like to reduce the capacity.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As this kind of chipper shredder,
2. Description of the Related Art There is known an apparatus provided with a crushing means for crushing a material such as a tree into chips, a feeder for feeding the material to the crushing means, and an engine for driving the crushing means. The pulverizing means is configured to pulverize the material with a blade rotating at a high speed, for example. For this reason, the crushing ability of the crushing means largely depends on the output of the engine. Therefore, in order to exhibit a sufficient crushing ability, it is desirable to use the engine in a rotational speed region where the output is the highest.

[0003]

However, if the amount of material exceeding the maximum output of the engine is fed into the feeder, the number of revolutions of the engine decreases, and eventually the engine stops. Become. However, since the decrease in the number of revolutions of the engine is determined based on the engine sound and the like, and the amount of material input is artificially reduced, the engine does not stop. However, if the amount of material input is artificially adjusted in this manner, there is a problem that the operation of inputting the material is troublesome and the output of the engine cannot be used effectively.

Further, the engine may be overheated due to an increase in load or the like. Also in this case, overheating can be avoided by performing the operation while checking the degree of decrease in the engine speed with respect to the load and the temperature of the engine. However, also in this case, there is a problem that the input amount of the material has to be artificially adjusted while checking the temperature of the engine and the like, and the input operation of the material is troublesome.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a chipper shredder capable of simplifying a material charging operation and effectively utilizing the output of an engine. is there.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems To achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 comprises a crushing means for crushing a material such as a tree into chips, a feeder for feeding the material to the crushing means, A chipper shredder comprising: an engine that drives a crushing unit; and a load adjustment control unit that adjusts a load applied to the engine by controlling the feeder, wherein the load adjustment control unit performs a crushing operation on the engine. Based on the minimum rotation speed LR and the maximum rotation speed HR defined as the upper rotation speed range, when the rotation speed of the engine reaches the minimum rotation speed LR due to the introduction of the material, the feeder is slightly reversed. When the engine speed has recovered to the maximum speed HR, the feeder, which has been stopped so far, is rotated in the normal direction, and the material is used as the grinding means. So as to go Ri, the control circuit is characterized in that it is configured.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a crushing means for crushing a material such as a tree into chips, a feeder for feeding the material to the crushing means, an engine for driving the crushing means, and controlling the feeder. A chipper shredder having load control means for adjusting the load applied to the engine, wherein the load adjustment control means uses a maximum temperature HT defined as an upper limit temperature for grinding operation in the engine as a reference. When the temperature of the engine reaches the maximum temperature HT, the control circuit is configured to slightly reverse the feeder and then stop, and to issue an alarm signal indicating overheating. I have.

[0008] Claim 1 configured as described above.
In the invention according to the present invention, the maximum output point of the engine is set so as to fall within the range from the minimum rotation speed LR to the maximum rotation speed HR, and the minimum rotation speed LR is a rotation speed that hardly affects the work efficiency, for example, the maximum output speed. The rotation speed is set to about 80% of the rotation speed of the point.

First, when the engine is started and the rotation speed of the engine reaches the maximum rotation speed HR, the load adjusting control means controls the rotation of the feeder in the normal rotation direction. Thereby, the material is sent to the crushing means, and the material is crushed into chips. At this time, the load applied to the engine increases due to the feeding of the material. However, if the amount of the material supplied to the feeder is not too large, the load applied to the engine is also small, and the rotation speed of the engine decreases to the minimum rotation speed LR. Nothing.

However, when the amount of material input to the feeder becomes excessive, the engine is overloaded, and the engine speed drops to the minimum speed LR.

As described above, when the engine speed reaches the minimum speed LR, the load adjusting control means controls the feeder to first reverse slightly and then stop. When the feeder stops and no more material is fed into the crushing means, the load on the engine is reduced, and the engine speed increases. Moreover, at this time, the material retreats and separates from the crushing means due to the reverse rotation of the feeder, and the load due to the contact resistance between the material and the crushing means is also removed from the engine. At the maximum rotational speed HR.

In this way, when the engine speed reaches the maximum engine speed HR, the load adjusting control means again controls the rotation of the feeder in the normal rotation direction, and the material is fed into the crushing means. .

Therefore, it is not necessary to artificially adjust the amount of the material to be fed into the feeder, so that the operation of feeding the material is simplified. Further, since the material can be pulverized in a rotation speed region where the engine output from the lowest rotation speed LR to the highest rotation speed HR is maximized, the output of the engine can be used effectively. Moreover, when the rotation speed of the engine drops to the minimum rotation speed LR and the feeder stops, the material separates from the crushing means and the load due to the contact resistance between the material and the crushing means is removed from the engine. Can be recovered to the maximum rotational speed HR in a very short time. Therefore, the stop time of the feeder becomes extremely short, and the operating rate of the engine can be improved accordingly. That is, the output of the engine can be used more effectively.

Further, in the invention according to claim 2, when the temperature of the engine reaches the maximum temperature HT, the load adjusting control means stops the feeder after slightly reverse rotation, and also outputs an alarm signal indicating overheating. Will be issued. Since the material is not fed into the crushing means by stopping the feeder, the load on the engine is reduced, and the temperature of the engine is not further increased. Moreover, at this time, by the reverse rotation of the feeder,
Since the material retreats away from the crushing means and the load due to the contact resistance between the material and the crushing means is also removed from the engine, the temperature rise of the engine is more immediately and more reliably prevented. Moreover, the operator can easily know the reason why the feeder has stopped by the alarm signal indicating overheating.

[0015] Therefore, the worker can concentrate on only the work of inputting the material, and the work becomes extremely simple. Moreover, when the temperature of the engine reaches the maximum temperature HT and the feeder stops, the material separates from the crushing means,
Since the load due to the contact resistance between the material and the crushing means is not applied to the engine, the temperature rise of the engine after overheating can be prevented more immediately and more reliably.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a chipper shredder 1 includes a crushing means 2 for crushing a material such as a tree or a straw into chips, a feeder 3 for feeding the material to the crushing means 2, An engine 4 for driving the means 2; and a load adjusting control means 5 for adjusting the load applied to the engine 4 by controlling the feeder 3, wherein the load adjusting control means 5 comprises: Minimum number of rotations LR determined as range of number of rotations in crushing operation in 4
When the rotation speed of the engine 4 reaches the minimum rotation speed LR due to the introduction of the material, the feeder 3 is slightly reversed, and then stopped, so that the rotation speed of the engine 4 reaches the maximum rotation speed HR. When the rotation speed HR is recovered, the control circuit is configured to rotate the feeder 3 that has been stopped so far in the normal rotation direction and feed the material into the crushing unit 2.

The crushing means 2 is, as shown in FIGS.
A chipper knife 2a as a primary crushing means and a shredder hammer 2b as a secondary crushing means are provided. The chipper knife 2a has a knife provided on a flywheel-shaped disk, and the material is crushed into chips by a knife rotating with the disk. The shredder hammer 2b is configured to further finely and uniformly pulverize the material pulverized into chips by the chipper knife 2a.

The feeder 3 is, as shown in FIGS.
A pair of feeding rollers 3a opposed to each other and a hydraulic motor 3b for rotating each of the feeding rollers 3a are provided. The feed roller 3a forcibly feeds the material put into the hopper 6 to the chipper knife 2a of the crushing means 2. And a pair of feeding rollers 3
The distance a varies depending on the size of the material, so that materials of various sizes can be fed into the crushing means 2. The hydraulic motor 3b is connected to a hydraulic pump 8 via an electromagnetic switching valve 7.

As shown in FIG. 1, the electromagnetic switching valve 7 has a four-port, three-position position. At the neutral position N, the flow of oil to each hydraulic motor 3b is completely stopped, and The setting roller 3a is maintained in a stopped state. Then, the electromagnetic switching valve 7 connects the hydraulic pump 8 and each hydraulic motor 3b so that each hydraulic motor 3b rotates in the normal rotation direction at the first switching position A, and the second switching position B In the above, the hydraulic pump 8 and each hydraulic motor 3b are connected so that each hydraulic motor 3b rotates in the reverse direction. Here, the forward direction is a direction in which the material is fed into the crushing means 2, and the reverse direction is a direction in which the material is retracted from the crushing means 2. Further, the electromagnetic switching valve 7 is configured to be switched to a neutral position N, a first switching position A, and a second switching position B by a valve switching signal 51 input to the solenoid 7a. The valve switching signal 51 is output from the load adjustment control means 5.

As shown in FIG. 2, the engine 4 is a water-cooled gasoline engine or a diesel engine. The engine 4 includes an electromagnetic pickup for detecting the engine speed, a rotation sensor 4a such as a tachometer, and a temperature sensor 4 for detecting the temperature of the cooling water.
b is provided. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the rotation signal 41 emitted from the rotation sensor 4a and the temperature sensor 4
The temperature signal 42 generated from b is input to the load adjustment control means 5.

The load adjusting control means 5 controls the entire chipper shredder 1, receives an engine start signal 91 output from the start switch 9, and generates an engine start signal 52 and a fuel supply signal 53. Engine 4
Output to the side. That is, when the start switch 9 is turned on, the engine 4 is started via the load adjustment control means 5.

When a grinding start switch (not shown) is turned on, the load adjusting control means 5 turns on the electromagnetic switching valve 7 if the rotation speed of the engine 4 reaches the maximum rotation speed HR.
Is switched to the first switching position A from the neutral position N to the solenoid 7a. As a result, each hydraulic motor 3b rotates in the normal rotation direction, and the material supplied to the hopper 6 is sent to the crushing means 2 via the feeder 3.

Further, when the load adjusting control means 5 detects that the rotation speed of the engine 4 has reached the minimum rotation speed LR, for example, based on a rotation signal 41 output from the engine 4 side, the load switching control means 5 sets the electromagnetic switching valve 7 to the second position. After a valve switching signal 51 for switching from the first switching position A to the second switching position B is issued to the solenoid 7a for a predetermined time, a valve switching signal 5 for switching the electromagnetic switching valve 7 from the second switching position B to the neutral position N.
1 is emitted to the solenoid 7a. Thereby, each hydraulic motor 3b rotates reversely for a predetermined time to retreat the material from the chipper knife 2a by a predetermined amount, and then stops the rotation of each hydraulic motor 3b. That is, the feeder 3 stops after the material leaves the chipper knife 2a, and the material is not fed into the crushing means 2. Then, the load on the engine 4 decreases, and the rotation speed of the engine 4 recovers to the maximum rotation speed HR.

The load adjusting control means 5 determines that the rotation speed of the engine 4 has reached the minimum rotation speed LR.
When the rotation of the engine 4 reaches the maximum rotation speed HR in a state in which the solenoid valve 7 is stopped, a valve switching signal 51 for switching the electromagnetic switching valve 7 from the neutral position N to the first switching position A is issued to the solenoid 7a. It has become.
As a result, the feeder 3 that has been stopped until now rotates in the normal rotation direction, and feeds the material into the crushing unit 2.

Further, when the load adjusting control means 5 detects from the temperature signal 42 that the temperature of the cooling water of the engine 4 has reached the maximum temperature HT, it switches the electromagnetic switching valve 7 to the first position.
After a valve switching signal 51 for switching from the switching position A to the second switching position B is issued for a predetermined time, a valve switching signal 51 for switching the electromagnetic switching valve 7 from the second switching position B to the neutral position N is issued. Has become. At the same time, an alarm signal 54 indicating overheating is output to the horn 10 and an alarm lamp (not shown).

In the chipper shredder 10 configured as described above, the minimum rotation speed LR is changed to the maximum rotation speed HR.
Is set so that the highest output point of the engine 4 comes within the range of
The minimum rotation speed LR is set to a rotation speed that hardly affects the work efficiency, for example, a rotation speed of about 80% of the maximum output point.

First, when the engine 4 is started up and the rotation speed of the engine 4 reaches the maximum rotation speed HR, the electromagnetic switching valve 7 is set to the neutral position N by the valve switching signal 51 issued from the load adjusting control means 5. To the first switching position A. Then, the feeder 3 rotates in the normal rotation direction, the material is sent to the crushing means 2, and the material is crushed into chips. At this time, the load on the engine 4 increases due to the feeding of the material.
If the amount of material supplied to the feeder 3 is not too large, the amount of material sent from the feeder 3 to the crushing means 2 is also small, and the engine 4 will not be overloaded. That is, the rotation speed of the engine 4 does not decrease to the minimum rotation speed LR due to the feeding of the material.

However, if the amount of material supplied to the feeder 3 is too large, the engine 4 gradually becomes overloaded, and the rotation speed of the engine 4 drops to the minimum rotation speed LR.

Then, the load adjusting control means 5 determines that the rotation speed of the engine 4 is lower than the minimum rotation speed L by the rotation signal 41.
R is detected, and a valve switching signal 51 for switching the electromagnetic switching valve 7 from the first switching position A to the second switching position B is issued to the solenoid 7a for a predetermined time.
A valve switching signal 51 for switching the electromagnetic switching valve 7 from the second switching position B to the neutral position N is issued. Thereby, each hydraulic motor 3b rotates reversely for a predetermined time, and after the material is retracted by a predetermined amount from the chipper knife 2a, the rotation of each hydraulic motor 3b stops. That is, after the material is separated from the chipper knife 2a by a predetermined amount, it is not fed into the crushing means 2. Then, the load on the engine 4 decreases, and the rotation speed of the engine 4 recovers to the maximum rotation speed HR.

In this state, the load adjusting control means 5 detects from the rotation signal 41 that the rotation speed of the engine 4 has reached the maximum rotation speed HR,
Is switched to the first switching position A from the neutral position N to the solenoid 7a. Then,
The feeder 3 that has been stopped rotates in the forward direction,
The material will be sent to the crushing means 2.

Therefore, since there is no need to artificially adjust the amount of the material to be fed into the feeder 3, the work of feeding the material is simplified. In addition, since the material can be pulverized in the rotation speed region where the output of the engine 4 is maximized, the output of the engine 4 can be used effectively. Further, when the engine 4 is overloaded and the feeder 3 is stopped, the material is separated from the chipper knife 2a of the crushing means 2, and the load due to the contact resistance between the material and the chipper knife 2a is also removed from the engine 4. Thus, the rotation speed of the engine 4 can be returned to the maximum rotation speed HR in a very short time. Therefore, the time during which the feeder 3 is stopped can be extremely shortened, so that the output of the engine 4 can be used more effectively, and work efficiency can be improved.

On the other hand, the engine 4 may be overheated due to repeated overloading of the engine 4 or clogging of the cooling device (such as a radiator) with dust and debris due to crushing. When the overheating state occurs, the load adjustment control unit 5 detects that the temperature of the cooling water of the engine 4 has reached the maximum temperature HT based on the temperature signal 42 generated from the temperature sensor 4b, and sets the electromagnetic switching valve 7 to the first switching position. After the valve switching signal 51 for switching from A to the second switching position B is issued for a predetermined time, the electromagnetic switching valve 7
Is switched from the second switching position B to the neutral position N. At the same time, an alarm signal 54 indicating overheating is output to the horn 10 and an alarm lamp (not shown). For this reason, the operator can immediately know from the sound of the horn 10 and the light of the alarm lamp that the overheating state has occurred.

Since the material is no longer fed into the crushing means 2 by stopping the feeder 3, the load on the engine 4 is reduced, and the temperature of the engine 4 can be prevented from further rising. In addition, at this time, the material is slightly retreated and separated from the chipper knife 2a by the reverse rotation of the feeder 3, and the load due to the contact resistance between the material and the chipper knife 2a is also removed from the engine 4. It can be prevented more immediately and more reliably. Moreover, the operator can easily know the reason why the feeder 3 has stopped by the sound of the horn 10 indicating the overheating or the light of the alarm lamp.

Therefore, the operator can concentrate on the material input operation without worrying about overheating, and the operation becomes extremely simple and safe.

In the above embodiment, the feeder 3 having the two feed rollers 3a has been described. However, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, one feeder 3 which can be moved up and down is used. It may have a roller 3a. That is, the feeder 3 is
By moving a vertically, materials having different sizes can be supplied to the crushing means 2. The feed roller 3a is driven to rotate by a hydraulic motor 3b.

[0037]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is not necessary to artificially adjust the amount of the material to be fed into the feeder, so that the operation of feeding the material is simplified. In addition, the minimum rotation speed L
Since the material can be crushed in the rotation speed range where the engine output from R to the maximum rotation speed HR is maximum,
The output of the engine can be used effectively. In addition, even if the rotation speed of the engine drops to the minimum rotation speed LR and the feeder stops, the load of the contact resistance between the material and the crushing means is also removed from the engine by separating the material from the crushing means. The engine speed can be restored to the maximum speed HR in a very short time. Therefore, the stop time of the feeder becomes extremely short, and the operating rate of the engine can be improved accordingly. That is, the output of the engine can be used more effectively.

Further, in the invention according to the second aspect, even when an overheat condition occurs, the feeder is stopped, whereby the temperature rise of the engine can be immediately and reliably prevented. Therefore, it is not necessary to artificially adjust the input amount of the material so as not to cause overheating, so that the operation becomes extremely simple. In addition, when the temperature of the engine reaches the maximum temperature HT and the feeder stops, the material separates from the crushing means, and the load due to the contact resistance between the material and the crushing means is not applied to the engine. Temperature rise can be prevented more immediately and more reliably.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a chipper shredder shown as an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an engine of the chipper shredder.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a main part of the chipper shredder.

FIG. 4 is a side view of a main part of the chipper shredder.

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing another example of the feeder in the chipper shredder.

FIG. 6 is a side view showing the feeder.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Chipper shredder 2 Crushing means 3 Feeder 4 Engine 4a Rotation sensor 4b Temperature sensor 5 Load adjustment control means

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A crushing means for crushing a material such as a tree into chips, a feeder for feeding the material to the crushing means, an engine for driving the crushing means, and a load on the engine by controlling the feeder. And a load adjusting control means for adjusting the rotational speed of the engine, wherein the load adjusting control means is based on a minimum rotational speed LR and a maximum rotational speed HR defined as a range of a rotational speed in a grinding operation in the engine. When the rotation speed of the engine reaches the minimum rotation speed LR due to the introduction of the material, the feeder is slightly reversed and then stopped, and when the rotation speed of the engine recovers to the maximum rotation speed HR, And a control circuit configured to rotate the feeder, which has been stopped up to now, in the normal rotation direction and feed the material into the crushing means. Yuredda. 2. A crushing means for crushing a material such as a tree into chips, a feeder for feeding the material to the crushing means, an engine for driving the crushing means, and a load applied to the engine by controlling the feeder. And a load adjustment control means for adjusting the temperature of the engine based on a maximum temperature HT defined as an upper limit temperature for pulverization work in the engine. A chipper shredder having a control circuit configured to slightly reverse the feeder when it reaches HT, then stop the feeder, and generate an alarm signal indicating overheating.