JP2025034303A - How to grow shade trees - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a method for cultivating shade trees that improves the withering rate associated with planting shade tree seedlings in pots and enables stable transportation.
[Solution] This is a shade tree cultivation method comprising: a cultivation step (S1) of cultivating a sakaki tree Sa seedling in a pot Po filled with culture soil Ps; a planting step (S2) of removing the sakaki tree Sa seedling cultivated in the cultivation step (S1) from the pot Po and planting it in an inner pot 2 having a plurality of inlet holes 21a formed therein without sieving the roots of the sakaki tree Sa seedling; and a double pot cultivation step (S4) of inserting the inner pot 2 in which the sakaki tree Sa seedling was planted in the planting step (S2) into the inside of an outer pot 3 and cultivating the sakaki tree by supplying water thereto.
[Selected Figure] Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating shade trees by planting seedlings of shade trees in pots.

Among shade trees, especially sakaki, himesakaki, and mugwort, if seedlings grown in soil are planted in pots and grown indoors with only water, they often die quickly. For this reason, the applicant has proposed a cultivation method that allows shade trees such as sakaki, himesakaki, and mugwort to be acclimatized to hydroponic cultivation with simple procedures (see, for example, Patent Document 1, etc.).

The cultivation method described in Patent Document 1 is characterized in that it involves a root pruning process in which the roots of soil-grown seedlings are pruned to fit the size of the pot, followed by a temporary planting process in which the seedlings that have undergone the root pruning process are returned to soil cultivation, and then permanently planted in a pot. With this cultivation method, the simple task of temporarily planting the seedlings that have undergone the root pruning process back to soil cultivation promotes the emergence and growth of white roots (new roots that have not yet browned). This reduces stress when transitioning to hydroponic cultivation, and even plants that are considered difficult to grow hydroponically, such as sakaki, himesakaki, and mugwort, can be smoothly acclimatized from soil cultivation to hydroponic cultivation.

JP 2022-40503 A

However, in the cultivation method described in Patent Document 1, although the white roots grow sufficiently, the roots are washed after the temporary planting step, and the soil adhering to the roots is washed away to leave the seedlings bare (root sieving), which causes some damage to the roots. This can result in a lower withering rate associated with planting in pots. In addition, because this is a cultivation method in which the plants are planted in hydroballs (granular inorganic foam made by baking clay at high temperatures) or the like placed in pots, there is also the problem that the plants are prone to shaking and lack stability, especially when transported long distances.

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention aims to provide a method for cultivating shade trees that improves the mortality rate associated with planting shade tree seedlings in pots and allows for stable transportation.

The method for cultivating shade trees of the present invention that solves the above-mentioned object includes a cultivation step of cultivating seedlings in pots filled with culture soil,
A planting step of removing the seedlings grown in the growing step from the pot and planting them in an inner pot having a plurality of inlet holes without sieving the root ball entangled with the roots;
and a double pot cultivation step of inserting the inner pot in which the seedling has been planted in the planting step into the inside of an outer pot and supplying water to cultivate the seedling.

In the present invention, shade trees refer to trees other than sun-loving trees, and include sakaki, himesakaki, mugwort, and tea trees, which may be classified as semi-shade trees. The cultivation process may be carried out for about two years after sowing, with seeds sown in a tray, the germinated sprouts replanted in pots, and pinching (topping) the plants while taking into account the balance with the inner pot during cultivation. Furthermore, the inner pot may have a tapered cylindrical side wall that widens upwards and a bottom that closes the bottom side, and the inlet holes, for example, about 3 to 6 mm in size, may be provided in multiple locations on the side wall and the bottom.

According to the method for cultivating shade trees of the present invention, the planting step is adopted in which the trees are planted in the inner pot without sieving the roots, which reduces damage caused by planting and improves the withering rate. In addition, in the planting step, the root ball with its entangled roots is planted as is in the inner pot, eliminating root wobble and allowing stable transportation even over long distances.

In addition, the method for cultivating shade trees of the present invention preferably includes a tolerance imparting step in which, after the planting step, a watering process in which water is introduced into the inner pot through the inlet of the inner pot in which the seedlings have been planted in the planting step, and a drying process in which the culture soil in the inner pot is dried are repeatedly carried out.

Furthermore, in the double pot cultivation process, a resistance imparting treatment may be carried out in which water is introduced into the inner pot through the inlet and the culture soil in the inner pot is dried repeatedly.

By carrying out the resistance imparting step or the resistance imparting treatment, a state in which sufficient water is supplied to the culture soil in the inner pot and a state in which the culture soil in the inner pot dries out are repeated, and water stress is imparted to the seedlings. This improves the seedlings' resistance to the stress of the water environment, and, for example, even if watering is forgotten after moving to the double pot cultivation step, the seedlings can be easily revived by supplying water, and their lifespan (the period until they die) can be extended.

Furthermore, in the method for cultivating shade trees of the present invention, the planting step may include a process of cutting the roots that have been rooted at the lower end of the root ball.

This reduces stress on the roots and promotes the emergence and growth of white roots.

Here, a process may be carried out in which the roots that have been rubbed at the side of the root ball are cut together with the roots that have been rubbed at the bottom end of the root ball. Note that "rubbing" refers to a state in which the roots of a seedling growing in the pot have nowhere to go and become coiled up inside the pot.

Furthermore, in the shade tree cultivation method of the present invention, in the double pot cultivation step, a covering member may be provided to cover the surface of the soil in the inner pot and suppress transpiration from the soil.

Here, the covering member may be a flat plate made of nonwoven fabric.

In the double pot cultivation process, only water is supplied, but by providing the covering member, the evaporation of water from the culture soil is suppressed, and the frequency of watering can be reduced. It also eliminates the problem of the culture soil overflowing from the inner pot during transportation or movement.

The present invention provides a method for cultivating shade trees that improves the mortality rate associated with planting shade tree seedlings in pots and allows for stable transportation.

1 is a flowchart showing an example of steps in the shade tree cultivation method of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a planting process. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a planting process. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a planting process. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a planting process. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a resistance imparting step. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a case where a resistance imparting process is performed instead of a resistance imparting step. FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view for explaining an example of a double pot cultivation process after a resistance imparting process is carried out. This is a central vertical cross-sectional view of a decorative pot with a pot placed inside it. This is a diagram showing an example of a pot containing a sakaki tree placed in a decorative pot and offered at a Shinto altar.

The following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings. The present invention is a method for cultivating shade trees (including semi-shade trees), and is particularly suitable for cultivating sakaki, himesakaki, mugwort, tea trees, and the like. In this embodiment, sakaki will be used as an example.

Figure 1 is a flow chart showing an example of the steps in the shade tree cultivation method of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the method 10 for cultivating shade trees of the present invention, a cultivation step is first carried out (step S1). In this cultivation step (S1), harvested seeds are sown in trays in a vinyl greenhouse or the like, for example, in the autumn of the first year, and seedlings that germinate in the spring are replanted in pots in June for cultivation.

The culture soil for the pots and the culture soil replenished in the planting step (S2) described in detail below are not particularly limited. In this embodiment, culture soil containing red soil, bark compost, peat moss, vermiculite, perlite, pH adjusters, etc. is used. Note that the bark compost may be omitted and culture soil containing only inorganic components may be used. In addition, it is preferable for the culture soil to have water retention and good drainage.

The pots are grown, for example, until autumn of the third year. In other words, the growing process (from sowing to growing) is carried out for about two years, and so-called two-year-old seedlings are cultivated. Sakaki trees generally take more than three years from sowing to shipping. In this embodiment, the seedlings are grown for two years because if they were grown for three years, they would grow too tall and, as will be described later with reference to Figure 10, would be unbalanced, for example as a sakaki tree to be offered at a Shinto altar, with no branches or leaves on the lower side.

Also, while growing in the pot, pinching (pinching out the top) is performed as necessary. This pinching is performed while taking into consideration the balance with the inner pot 2, which will be described later using Figure 5 etc. Specifically, for example, when using it as a sakaki tree to be offered at a Shinto altar, the tips of the branches are cut to consider the sense of volume and to prevent the internodes from becoming stretched. In other words, by pinching, it is possible to adjust the sense of volume and balance with the inner pot 2 without causing the internodes to become stretched. During the growing process, general fertilization management such as watering with a sprinkler, disinfection, fertilization, etc. is carried out.

Next, the planting process is carried out (step S2). Figures 2 to 5 are diagrams for explaining the planting process (S2).

As shown in FIG. 2, in the planting step (S2), the sakaki tree Sa seedlings grown in the growing step (S1) are removed from the pot Po. At this time, the roots of the entangled root ball Rb are not sieved.

Next, in this embodiment, the lower end portion of the root ball Rb is kneaded and the process of cutting the grooved roots R at the lower end portion of the root ball Rb is performed as shown in FIG. 3(a). If necessary, the process of cutting the grooved roots R at the side portions of the root ball Rb may be performed as shown in FIG. 3(b). In this way, the process of cutting the grooved roots R is not essential, but performing this process can promote the rooting and growth of white roots.

Next, as shown in Figure 4, the root ball Rb is shaped and planted in the inner pot 2. In this embodiment, the inner pot 2 and the outer pot 3, which will be described later, are made of transparent polypropylene and are identical in shape to beer or juice cups (disposable cups). The materials of the inner pot 2 and the outer pot 3 are not limited and may be ceramic or hard plastic, but using polypropylene makes disposal easier.

The inner pot 2 has a side wall 21 that is tapered and cylindrical (tapered cylindrical) and a bottom 22 that closes the bottom side. In this embodiment, a flange 211 is provided at the upper end of the side wall 21, and a vertical wall base 212 with a smaller diameter is formed at the lower end. In addition, a plurality of inlet holes 21a, for example, about 3 to 6 mm in diameter, are formed at a predetermined interval from each other in the side wall 21 and the bottom 22. The position where the plurality of inlet holes 21a are formed is not particularly limited, but since water flows into the inner pot 2 from these inlet holes 21a, they must be formed at least in the bottom 22 and the lower end part of the side wall 21. In this embodiment, the inlet hole 21a is not formed in the base 212 of the side wall 21, but the inlet hole 21a may be formed in this base 212. A predetermined amount of soil Ps is placed in this inner pot 2, and the sakaki tree Sa is inserted into the inner pot 2. Then, the gaps are filled with culture soil Ps, and the planting process (S2) is completed as shown in Figure 5. Note that this culture soil Ps is the same as the culture soil for the pots mentioned above. Also, the areas indicated by the symbol Pi in Figure 5 are pinched areas, which eliminates problems such as elongation of the internodes and a lack of leaves on the lower side.

Next, in this embodiment, a resistance imparting process (step S3) is performed. FIG. 6 shows an example of the resistance imparting process (S3).

In the resistance imparting step (S3), as shown in FIG. 6(a), a water tank 9 containing water W is prepared, and the inner pot 2 in which the Sakaki Sa is planted is immersed in the water tank 9 for watering treatment. A larger water tank may be prepared and multiple inner pots 2 may be immersed at the same time. It is preferable to set the water level of the water W in the water tank 9 so that water flows in from the inlet hole 21a formed at the highest position of the inner pot 2. In this way, water flows into the inner pot 2 from the multiple inlet holes 21a, and the Sakaki Sa is sufficiently supplied with water. The immersion period is preferably about 1 to 2 days. After that, as shown in FIG. 6(b), the inner pot 2 is removed from the water tank 9, and a drying treatment is performed to dry the culture soil Ps in the inner pot 2. In the resistance imparting step (S3), the watering treatment and drying treatment are repeated for about two weeks.

Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of a case where a resistance imparting process is performed instead of the resistance imparting process (S3). In the resistance imparting process, as shown in Figure 6 (a), the plant is immersed in a tank 9 containing water W for about one day, and then the process proceeds to a double pot cultivation process (step S4), in which the inner pot 2 in which the Sakaki Sa is planted is placed on the outer pot 3 containing a predetermined amount of water. As described above, the outer pot 3 has the same shape as the inner pot 2, and is provided with a tapered cylindrical side wall portion 31 that expands upward and a bottom portion 32 that closes the bottom side, but no inlet hole is formed. When the inner pot 2 is placed on the outer pot 3, the outer side of the side wall portion 21 of the inner pot 2 is placed on the inner side of the side wall portion 31 of the outer pot 3, and a gap S is created between the upper surface of the bottom portion 32 of the outer pot 3 and the lower surface of the bottom portion 22 of the inner pot 2. Hereinafter, the inner pot 2 and the outer pot 3 may be collectively referred to as the double pot 1.

As time passes, the water W in the outer pot 3 decreases, and when air can be seen in the gap S, water is no longer supplied from the inlet hole 21a formed in the bottom 22 of the inner pot 2. Water is supplied at this timing. That is, a resistance imparting process is carried out in which water is introduced into the inner pot 2 from the inlet hole 21a, and the soil Ps in the inner pot 2 is dried repeatedly. Watering can be done by removing the inner pot 2 from the outer pot 3, filling the outer pot 3 with water, and then inserting the inner pot 2 back into the outer pot 3, or by pouring water over the soil Ps in the inner pot 2. The process of watering when air can be seen in the gap S is then repeated for about two weeks.

Although such a resistance imparting step (S3) or resistance imparting treatment is not essential, carrying out the resistance imparting step (S3) or resistance imparting treatment improves resistance to stress in the water environment. For example, even if watering is forgotten, the plant will be more likely to revive by providing water, and its lifespan (the period until it dies) can be extended.

Figure 8 is an exploded perspective view illustrating an example of the double pot cultivation process (S4) after the resistance imparting process (S3) is performed.

As shown in FIG. 8, in the double pot cultivation step (S4), the inner pot 2 in which the Sakaki Sa has been planted after the resistance imparting step (S3) shown in FIG. 6 is inserted into the outer pot 3 containing a predetermined amount of water W. Then, in order to suppress transpiration, a covering member 4 is placed on the top surface of the soil Ps of the inner pot 2. The covering member 4 in this embodiment is a circular flat plate made of nonwoven fabric, and has a slit 41 formed therein. If the trunk of the Sakaki Sa is inserted into the slit 41, the covering member 4 can be placed in a stable state. In addition, in this embodiment, a decorative pot 5 made of wood (e.g., cedar or cypress) with a pattern such as a family crest 51 is used, and a double pot 1 consisting of the inner pot 2 and the outer pot 3 is placed in this decorative pot 5. Note that, even if the resistance imparting process is performed instead of the resistance imparting step (S3), the covering member 4 can be placed on the top surface of the soil Ps of the inner pot 2 and placed in the decorative pot 5.

Figure 9 is a central vertical cross-sectional view of the double pot 1 housed inside the decorative pot 5. As with the resistance imparting treatment, watering should be done when air is confirmed in the gap S. An opening 52 is formed at the bottom of the decorative pot 5, so the double pot 1 can be easily removed from the decorative pot 5 by inserting a finger into this opening 52 and slightly lifting the double pot 1.

Figure 10 shows an example of a double pot 1 (see Figure 9, etc.) with a sakaki tree Sa planted in it, placed in a decorative pot 5 and offered on a Shinto altar Kd.

The cultivation method of the present invention results in a significantly longer lifespan than cut sakaki trees that are generally placed on a Shinto altar Kb. In particular, even if the tree is watered with tap water only and no fertilizer is applied, the leaves do not change color and the growth rate slows rapidly, but new shoots appear. In other words, the tree can remain in the same state for a long period of time without growing, making it suitable for placing on a Shinto altar Kb as shown in Figure 6. When exposed to sunlight, the roots grow, and the tree may become too tall when placed on a Shinto altar Kb. In addition, the leaves may easily turn yellow, so after the planting step (S2), it is best to avoid direct sunlight and place the tree in, for example, fluorescent light.

To check for water, remove the double pot 1 from the decorative pot 5 and check for the presence of air in the gap S. If air is confirmed, pour about 100 to 150 cc of water, for example, into the culture soil Ps of the inner pot 2, or place it in the outer pot 3 and insert the inner pot 2. The amount of water can be adjusted appropriately depending on the size of the double pot 1, etc. Also, the decorative pot 5 may be provided with a window through which the gap S can be seen so that the timing of watering can be known even when the pot is in the decorative pot 5.

Furthermore, according to the cultivation method of the present invention, the planting step (S2) is adopted in which the roots are planted in the inner pot 2 without sieving, so damage associated with planting is reduced, and for example, the withering rate at the time of shipping can be improved. Also, in the planting step (S2), the root ball Rb with its entangled roots is planted in the inner pot 2, so there is no wobbling of the roots, and stable transportation can be performed even over long distances. Furthermore, by using the covering member 4, transpiration from the culture soil Ps can be suppressed, reducing the frequency of watering, and spillage of the culture soil Ps during transportation, etc. can also be suppressed.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the claims. For example, the above-described embodiment has been described using the sakaki tree as an example, but it can also be applied to Himesakaki, Shiki, tea trees, or other shade trees. Also, a branch and leaf pruning process may be carried out to prune the branches and leaves of the seedlings, taking into consideration the branch spread (volume) after planting in the double pot 1 and the balance with the double pot 1. Furthermore, while this embodiment shows an example in which one sakaki Sa is planted in the inner pot 2, two or more sakaki Sa may be planted in the inner pot 2, taking into consideration the volume of the branches and leaves.

The resistance imparting step (S3) and resistance imparting treatment are also effective in other cultivation methods, such as hydroponic cultivation using hydroballs.

For example, a cultivation process for cultivating seedlings;
A planting step of planting the seedlings grown in the growing step in a pot having an inlet;
A pot cultivation step of cultivating in the pot,
The method may include a shade tree cultivation method including a tolerance imparting step in which, after the planting step, a watering process is performed in which the pot in which the seedling was planted in the planting step is immersed in water at a predetermined level to allow water to flow into the pot through the inlet hole, and a drying process is performed in which the pot is removed from the water and the inside of the pot is dried.

Also, a cultivation process for cultivating seedlings;
A planting step of planting the seedlings grown in the growing step in a pot having an inlet;
A pot cultivation step of cultivating in the pot,
The method may include a shade tree cultivation method in which, in the pot cultivation step, a resistance-imparting treatment is carried out by repeatedly carrying out a watering treatment in which water is allowed to flow into the pot through the inlet hole, and a drying treatment in which the inside of the pot is dried.

10 Shade tree cultivation method S1 Cultivation step S2 Planting step S3 Resistance imparting step S4 Double pot step 1 Double pot 2 Inner pot 21a Inlet hole 3 Outer pot 4 Covering member 5 Decorative pot 9 Water tank Sa Sakaki tree Rb Root pot Ps Culture soil

Claims (5)

a cultivation process in which seedlings are grown in pots filled with culture soil;
A planting step of removing the seedlings grown in the growing step from the pot and planting them in an inner pot having a plurality of inlet holes without sieving the root ball entangled with the roots;
A method for cultivating shade trees, comprising: a double pot cultivation step of inserting the inner pot in which the seedlings have been planted in the planting step into the inside of an outer pot and cultivating the inner pot by supplying water thereto. The method for cultivating shade trees according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a tolerance imparting process in which, after the planting process, a watering process in which water is introduced into the inner pot through the inlet of the inner pot in which the seedlings are planted in the planting process, and a drying process in which the culture soil in the inner pot is dried are repeatedly carried out. The method for cultivating shade trees according to claim 1, characterized in that in the double pot cultivation process, a tolerance imparting treatment is carried out in which water is introduced into the inner pot through the inlet and the soil in the inner pot is dried repeatedly. The method for cultivating shade trees according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the planting step includes cutting the roots that have been rooted at the lower end of the root ball. The method for cultivating shade trees according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the double pot cultivation process, a covering member is provided to cover the surface of the soil in the inner pot and suppress transpiration from the soil.

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