JP2024504174A - ケトンセンサに関連するシステム、デバイス、および方法 - Google Patents
ケトンセンサに関連するシステム、デバイス、および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2024504174A JP2024504174A JP2023544725A JP2023544725A JP2024504174A JP 2024504174 A JP2024504174 A JP 2024504174A JP 2023544725 A JP2023544725 A JP 2023544725A JP 2023544725 A JP2023544725 A JP 2023544725A JP 2024504174 A JP2024504174 A JP 2024504174A
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Abstract
Description
本明細書で具体化されるように、遠隔デバイスは、ある期間にわたるインビボケトン濃度のグラフを表示するように構成された表示ユニットを含むことができる。
本明細書で具体化されるように、センサ制御ユニットは、再使用可能であってよい。
インビボセンサと共に使用される様々なタイプの検体モニタリングシステムがある。例えば、「連続的検体モニタリング」システム(例えば、「連続的グルコースモニタリングシステム」システム)は、センサ制御デバイスからリーダデバイスに、指示することなく繰り返しまたは連続的に、例えば、スケジュールに従って自動的にデータを送信することができるインビボシステムである。別の例として、「フラッシュ検体モニタリング」システム(例えば、「フラッシュグルコースモニタリング」システムまたは単に「フラッシュ」システム)は、近距離無線通信(NFC)または無線周波数識別(RFID)プロトコルなどを用いて、リーダデバイスによるスキャンまたはデータ要求に応答して、センサ制御デバイスからデータを転送することができるインビボシステムである。
インビボセンサは、基板、例えば、実質的に平面の基板、または非平面の円形もしくは円筒形の基板上に形成することができる。多くの実施形態では、センサは、少なくとも1つの導電性構造、例えば電極を備える。センサ実施形態は、単一電極実施形態(例えば、1つ以下の電極を有する)、または複数電極実施形態(例えば、正確に2つ、正確に3つ、またはそれを上回る電極を有する)であってよい。センサの実施形態は、多くの場合、作用電極を含み、少なくとも1つの対電極(または対/参照電極)、および/または少なくとも1つの参照電極(または参照/対電極)も含むことができる。電極は、絶縁領域によって電気的に絶縁された別個の領域として配置することができ、電極によって生成された電気信号を受信する(ならびに任意選択で調整および/または処理する)ための回路に電気的に接続することができる。電極は、平面の(例えば、比較的平坦な)表面または非平面(例えば、半半球形、円筒形、または不規則な表面、およびそれらの組み合わせなどの比較的湾曲した、または丸みを帯びた)表面を有することができる。電極は、層状に、または同心円状に、または他の方法で配置することができる。
特定の実施形態では、オンボディ電子機器(またはセンサ制御デバイス)1110(図11)は、センサおよび表示デバイスを動作させる電子構成要素の少なくとも一部を含む。オンボディ電子機器の電子構成要素は、典型的には、オンボディ電子機器およびセンサを動作させるための電源と、センサから信号を取得し、センサを動作させるためのセンサ回路と、センサ信号を所望のフォーマットに変換する測定回路と、少なくとも、センサ回路および/または測定回路から信号を取得し、信号を任意選択のオンボディ電子機器に提供する処理回路(または処理電子回路)とを含む。いくつかの実施形態では、処理回路は、センサからの信号を部分的または完全に評価し、結果として得られたデータを任意選択のオンボディ電子機器に伝達し、および/または検体レベルが閾値を超える場合、任意選択の警報システムを作動させてもよい。処理回路は、多くの場合、デジタル論理回路を含む。
図13は、特定の実施形態における、図11に示されるような表示デバイス1120のブロック図である。表示デバイスという用語が使用されるが、デバイスは、データを表示することなく読み取るように構成されていてよく、同じまたは異なる送信プロトコル(例えば、NFC-to-Bluetooth(登録商標)またはBluetooth Low Energy)に従って受信された信号を中継するリレーデバイスまたは他のデバイスの場合などのように、ディスプレイなしで提供されてもよい。図13を参照すると、表示デバイス1120(図11)は、ディスプレイ1122に動作可能に結合された1つまたは複数のプロセッサ(または処理回路)などの制御ユニット1310と、入力構成要素(例えば、ユーザインタフェース)1121とを含む。表示デバイス1120は、データ処理モジュール1160(図11)、遠隔端末1170(図11)、またはパーソナルコンピュータ、サーバ、モバイルコンピューティングデバイス、携帯電話、ページャ、またはデータストレージおよび出力を含むデータ通信および処理能力を備えた、インターネット接続対応スマートフォンなどの携帯電話を含む他のハンドヘルドデータ処理デバイスなどの他のデバイスとのデータ通信のために、USBポート(またはコネクタ)1123またはRS-232ポート1330(または任意の他の有線通信ポート)などの1つまたは複数のデータ通信ポートを含んでいてもよい。
ここで、初期化およびペアリングルーチン中のオンボディ電子機器1110と表示デバイス1120との間のデータおよび/またはコマンド交換を示す図14を参照すると、表示デバイス1120は、初期信号1421をオンボディ電子機器1110に提供する。受信された初期信号1421が所定の閾値レベルを超えるRFエネルギーを含む場合(1403)、オンボディ電子機器1110の包絡線検出器がトリガされ(1404)、オンボディ電子機器1110の1つまたは複数の発振器がオンになり、オンボディ電子機器1110の制御ロジックまたはプロセッサが一時的にラッチオンされて、1つまたは複数のソフトウェアルーチンを取り出して実行し、包絡線検出器からデータストリームを抽出する(1404)。包絡線検出器からのデータストリームが有効なクエリを返す場合(1405)、応答信号1422が表示デバイス1120に送信される。オンボディ電子機器1110からの応答信号1422は、オンボディ電子機器1110のシリアル番号などの識別コードを含む。その後、オンボディ電子機器1110は、非アクティブ状態のシェルフモードに戻る。
本開示は、ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸(NAD(P)+)またはその誘導体と、遷移金属錯体を有する電子輸送剤とを含む酵素組成物を開示する。いくつかの態様において、対象の酵素組成物は、ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸(NAD(P)+)またはその誘導体、NAD(P)+依存性デヒドロゲナーゼ、NAD(P)Hオキシドレダクターゼ、および遷移金属錯体を有する電子輸送剤を含み、固定化されたNAD(P)+またはその誘導体および遷移金属錯体を含む電子輸送剤を含む酵素層を有する検体センサを含む。本開示の実施形態は、対象の組成物が長期間にわたってインビボで検体のモニタリングを提供する場合を含む、検体感知のための酵素組成物に関する。対象の酵素組成物がNAD(P)+依存性デヒドロゲナーゼを含む場合、本明細書に記載される検体センサは、NAD(P)+依存性デヒドロゲナーゼによって触媒される検体の臨床的に正確な電気化学的測定を提供する。以下により詳細に記載されるように、対象の酵素組成物は、クラークエラーグリッド分析および/またはMARD分析および/またはMAD分析によって測定される検体の臨床的に正確な電気化学的測定を提供する。特に、対象の酵素組成物は、検体濃度の関数として直線的に増加する信号を生成する対象の組成物を組み込んだ検体センサによる測定を提供する。加えて、対象の酵素組成物は、流体サンプル(例えば、センサが対象の皮膚の表面の下に配置される場合の間質液)をセンサに接触させてから30秒以内に、NAD(P)+依存性デヒドロゲナーゼによって触媒される検体の臨床的に正確な電気化学的測定を提供する。特定の例において、対象の酵素組成物は、流体サンプルをセンサと接触させた直後に、NAD(P)+依存性デヒドロゲナーゼによって触媒される検体の臨床的に正確な電気化学的測定を提供する。
いくつかの実施形態において、Xは、アミノアシル置換アルキルである。いくつかの実施形態では、Xは、CH2C(O)NH(CH2)yNH2であり、yは1~10、例えば2~9、例えば3~8の整数であり、yが6である場合を含む。特定の例では、Xは、CH2C(O)NH(CH2)6NH2である。これらの実施形態では、対象の酵素組成物中のニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸(NAD(P)+)の誘導体は:
酵素組成物の実施形態は、NAD(P)Hオキシドレダクターゼも含む。特定の実施形態では、酵素組成物は、ジアホラーゼを含む。対象組成物中に存在するNAD(P)Hオキシドレダクターゼ(例えば、ジアホラーゼ)の量は、0.01μg~10μgの範囲であり、例えば0.02μg~9μg、例えば0.03μg~8μg、例えば0.04μg~7μg、例えば0.05μg~5μg、例えば0.1μg~4μg、例えば0.2μg~3μg、および0.5μg~2μgを含む範囲である。したがって、NAD(P)Hオキシドレダクターゼ(例えば、ジアホラーゼ)の量は、総酵素組成物の0.01重量%~10重量%であり、例えば0.05重量%~9.5重量%、例えば0.1重量%~9重量%、例えば0.5重量%~8.5重量%、例えば1重量%~8重量%、および総酵素組成物の2重量%~7重量%を含む。
ポリマー酵素組成物は、ポリマー骨格酵素組成物が架橋されるように、1つまたは複数の架橋剤も含んでいてよい。本明細書に記載されるように、2つ以上の異なるポリマーを一緒に結合することへの言及は、分子間架橋であり、一方、同じポリマーの2つ以上の部分を結合することは、分子内架橋である。本開示の実施形態において、架橋剤は、分子間架橋および分子内架橋の両方を同時に行うことができる。
いくつかの例において、酵素組成物の1つまたは複数の成分との1つまたは複数の結合は、ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸(NAD(P)+)またはその誘導体、NAD(P)+依存性デヒドロゲナーゼ、NAD(P)Hオキシドレダクターゼ、および電子輸送剤のうちの1つまたは複数の間などで形成され得る。結合とは、共有結合、イオン結合、双極子-双極子相互作用、水素結合、ロンドン分散力などであるがこれらに限定されない、化学的化合物が互いに会合を形成することを可能にする原子間または分子間の任意のタイプの相互作用を意味する。例えば、酵素組成物のその場重合は、組成物のポリマーと、NAD(P)+依存性デヒドロゲナーゼ、ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸(NAD(P)+)またはその誘導体、NAD(P)Hオキシドレダクターゼおよび電子輸送剤との間に架橋を形成し得る。特定の実施形態では、NAD(P)+依存性デヒドロゲナーゼ、ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸(NAD(P)+)またはその誘導体、NAD(P)Hオキシドレダクターゼ、および電子輸送剤のうちの1つまたは複数へのポリマーの架橋は、電極からの酵素組成物の剥離の発生の低減を促進する。
生化学センサは、1つまたは複数の感知特性によって説明することができる。一般的な感知特性は、生化学センサの感度と呼ばれ、これは、検出するように設計された化学物質または組成物の濃度に対するセンサの応答性の尺度である。電気化学センサの場合、この応答は、電流(電流測定)または電荷(電量測定)の形態であり得る。他のタイプのセンサでは、応答は、光子強度(例えば、光学的な光)などの異なる形態であり得る。生化学検体センサの感度は、センサがインビトロ状態にあるかインビボ状態にあるかを含む、複数のファクタに応じて変化し得る。
説明されるように、ベースラインサブセット内の1つまたは複数の医療デバイスを試験して、そのベースラインサブセットについての感知特性を経験的に決定することができる。試験は、多くの実施形態において、生化学的属性を感知する医療デバイスの能力を検証可能に表すデータを生成することができる。多くのインビボ検体センサおよびインビトロ検体センサ(例えば、テストストリップ)の実施形態では、感知特性は、検体の存在に対する検体センサの感度であり得る。多くの場合、この試験はインビトロで実施され、インビトロ試験データが収集される。ベースラインサブセットについてのインビトロ試験データから導出されるか、または他の方法で得られる感知特性は、インビトロ感知特性(例えば、インビトロ感度)と呼ぶことができる。
ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸(NAD(P)+)またはその誘導体、NAD(P)+依存性デヒドロゲナーゼ、NAD(P)Hオキシドレダクターゼおよび電子輸送剤を含有する作用電極を有する検体センサの性能を実証するために実験を行った。センサは、電極の表面上に、ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸、D-3-ヒドロキシ酪酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、ジアホラーゼ、およびポリマー結合オスミウム-遷移金属触媒、および二官能性架橋剤を含有する酵素組成物を、スキームによって示されるように堆積させることによって準備された(さらなる例では、ポリマーレドックスメディエーターとも呼ばれる):
遊離NADを含有する作用電極を有する検体センサの性能を実証するために実験を行った。センサは、遊離NADを含有する酵素組成物を電極の表面上に堆積させることによって準備された。感知層の配合を表2に記載する。感知層溶液を炭素電極上に堆積させ、膜の追加前に25C/60Hで夜通し硬化させた。膜の配合を表3に示す。センサは、上記溶液から3×5mm/秒で浸漬され、センサは、25C/60Hで夜通し、56Cで2日間硬化された。
遊離NAD対固定化NADを含有する作用電極を有するケトンセンサの性能を実証するためにも実験が行われた。センサは、遊離NAD(A)または固定化NAD(B)を含有する酵素組成物を電極表面に堆積させることによって準備された。感知層の配合を表5に記載する。感知層溶液を炭素電極上に堆積させ、膜の追加前に25C/60Hで夜通し硬化させた。膜の配合を表6に示す。センサは、上記溶液から3×5mm/秒で浸漬され(表7)、センサは、25C/60Hで夜通し、56Cで2日間硬化された。図21は、ケトンセンサの遊離および固定化NADバージョンの両方が同様の安定性および信号を示すことを示している。
インビトロおよびインビボ実験は、インビトロ感度を使用して較正された連続ケトンモニタの性能を実証するために、3電極センサ(すなわち、作用電極、参照電極、および対電極)を使用して行われた。センサは、上記の例1に記載された化学物質を含む。センサは、作用電極上の感知層の面積を制御するとともに、膜層の厚さを制御する方法を使用して製造された。この実験で使用されたすべてのセンサは、同じロットで製造された。
実施形態は、様々な修正および代替形態が可能であるが、その特定の例が図面に示されており、本明細書で詳細に説明されている。しかしながら、これらの実施形態は、開示された特定の形態に限定されるものではなく、逆に、これらの実施形態は、本開示の技術思想に含まれるすべての修正、均等物、および代替物を包含するものであることを理解されたい。さらに、実施形態の任意の特徴、機能、ステップ、または要素は、特許請求の範囲に記載または追加されてよく、その範囲内にない特徴、機能、ステップ、または要素によって特許請求の範囲の発明の範囲を定義する否定的な限定も同様である。
Claims (9)
- システムであって、
ユーザの間質液と接触して配置されるように構成された遠位部分と、近位部分とを有するインビボケトンセンサと、
センサ制御ユニットと
を備え、
前記インビボケトンセンサは、
作用電極と、
β-ヒドロキシ酪酸デヒドロゲナーゼを含む感知層と、
1つまたは複数の生体分子の輸送を制限するように構成された膜層と
を含み、前記インビボケトンセンサは、前記間質液中のケトンの量に対応する信号を前記作用電極において生成するように構成されており、
前記センサ制御ユニットは、
前記センサの前記近位部分と電気的に通信する少なくとも1つのコンタクトと、
遠隔デバイスと通信するように構成された送信機と
を含み、前記センサ制御ユニットは、生成された前記信号を受信し、前記インビボケトンセンサに関連付けられた感度を使用して前記生成された信号をケトン濃度データに変換するように構成され、
前記送信機は、前記ケトン濃度データを前記遠隔デバイスに通信するように構成されている、システム。 - 前記膜層は、前記作用電極の周囲の領域への1つまたは複数の干渉物質の浸透を妨げるように構成されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記遠隔デバイスは、ある期間にわたるインビボケトン濃度のグラフを表示するように構成された表示ユニットを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記インビボケトンセンサは、前記間質液と接触するセンサ配置の後に、前記センサ制御ユニットに動作可能に結合されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記インビボケトンセンサは、前記間質液と接触するセンサ配置の前に、前記センサ制御ユニットに動作可能に結合されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記センサ制御ユニットは、開口部を含む接着パッチをさらに含み、前記センサは、前記開口部を通して配置されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記β-ヒドロキシ酪酸デヒドロゲナーゼは、β-ヒドロキシブチレートの反応を触媒してアセトアセテートを形成するように構成されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記インビボケトンセンサは、銀/塩化銀を含む参照電極をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記センサ制御ユニットは、再使用可能である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
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PCT/US2022/013952 WO2022164940A1 (en) | 2021-01-26 | 2022-01-26 | Systems, devices, and methods related to ketone sensors |
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EP (1) | EP4284246A1 (ja) |
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