JP2024179680A - Excavators and drilling equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a drilling machine and a drilling device that can efficiently drill the ground and easily recover the drilling machine while leaving a pipe or pipe-shaped member inside the drilled hole.SOLUTION: A drilling machine 1 that drills by rotating and advancing/retreating a cutter head 200 equipped with an expandable/contractible bit 231 attached to its tip comprises a pipe-shaped casing 150, a drilling machine body 10 equipped with a mounting seat 24 for the cutter head 200, which is mounted on the casing 150 and drives the cutter head, and a clamp device 300 that detachably connects the drilling machine body 10 and the casing 150, and it is configured so that the cutter head 200, the drilling machine body 10, and the clamp device 300 can be integrally pulled out from the casing 150 by releasing a clamp of the clamp device 300.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present invention relates to an excavator and excavation equipment capable of burying a pipe or a pipe-like member in a borehole while excavating the ground.

There are known excavators capable of burying a pipe or a pipe-like member in a borehole while excavating the ground. For example, there is an excavator equipped with an expandable bit, which expands the diameter of the bit during excavation to drill a borehole one step larger in diameter than the casing pipe, inserts the casing pipe, and then reduces the diameter of the expandable bit to insert it through the casing pipe and retrieve it (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

There is also a drilling device that includes an outer tube with an outer bit, and an inner bit assembly that is housed in the outer tube and has a down-the-hole inner bit attached to its tip, and the inner bit assembly and the outer tube are connected to each other by a clamping device so that they can be freely engaged and disengaged (see, for example, Patent Document 2). With this drilling device, the inner bit assembly can be separated from the outer tube and recovered after drilling.

JP 2006-283516 A JP 2002-106279 A

As described above, excavators capable of burying pipes or pipe-like components in boreholes while excavating the ground have been developed in the past, but there is still room for improvement in methods for efficiently excavating hard ground, leaving the pipes or pipe-like components in the borehole, and easily retrieving the excavator.

The object of the present invention is to provide an excavator and excavation device that can efficiently excavate the ground and easily retrieve the excavator while leaving a pipe or pipe-like member in the excavated hole.

The present invention is an excavator that excavates by rotating and moving a cutterhead with an expandable bit attached to the tip, comprising a pipe-shaped casing, an excavator body with a mounting base for the cutterhead that is mounted on the casing and drives the cutterhead, and a clamping device that detachably connects the excavator body and the casing, and is configured so that the cutterhead, the excavator body, and the clamping device can be pulled out as a unit from the casing by releasing the clamping device.

The excavator of the present invention is characterized by including a cutter head equipped with an expandable bit for excavating the ground, which appears and disappears depending on the direction of rotation.

In the excavator according to the present invention, the excavator body is characterized by comprising a vibration mechanism that applies an impact force to the cutter head, a rotation mechanism that rotates the cutter head, a motor, and a drive device that drives the vibration mechanism and the rotation mechanism, the drive device including a reducer having multiple output shafts connected to the output shaft of the motor and rotating at different rotation speeds.

The excavator according to the present invention is characterized in that the casing is a pipe or a steel pipe sheet pile.

The excavator according to the present invention is characterized in that the excavator is a leader, and an extension casing and a joint pipe that assembles piping are connected to the rear end of the excavator in sequence according to the excavation depth.

The excavator according to the present invention is characterized in that the excavator body is provided with a piping chamber for connecting the joint pipe at its rear end, and the clamp device is disposed between the outer peripheral surface of the piping chamber and the inner peripheral surface of the casing.

The present invention is an excavation device that is characterized by comprising the excavator and an extraction device that extracts the cutter head, the excavator body, and the clamp device from the casing as a single unit.

The present invention relates to an excavator comprising the excavator and an extraction device for extracting the cutter head, the excavator body and the clamping device from the casing as a unit, the extraction device comprising a lower clamping means and an upper clamping means detachably connected to the joint pipe, and a connecting cylinder connected to the lower clamping means and the upper clamping means for expanding and contracting the distance between the lower clamping means and the upper clamping means, and the lower clamping means is provided with a locking means for locking to the upper end of the extension casing.

The excavation device according to the present invention is characterized by having a control means for controlling the clamping and unclamping of the clamping device, the clamping and unclamping of the lower clamping means, the clamping and unclamping of the upper clamping means, and the extension and retraction of the connecting cylinder.

The present invention provides an excavator and excavation device that can efficiently excavate the ground and easily retrieve the excavator while leaving a pipe or pipe-shaped member in the excavated hole.

1 is a vertical sectional view of an excavator 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an excavator 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention and a front view of a cutter head 200 in an expanded diameter state. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the excavator 1 taken along the line AA and the line BB in FIG. 1. 3A to 3C are diagrams for explaining the movement of the rotary pendulum 30 of the excavator 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a buffer means 40 of the excavator 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a reducer 70 of the excavator 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a reducer 70 of the excavator 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a cutter head 200 of the excavator 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 2 is an exploded configuration diagram of a fixed bit portion 210 of a cutter head 200 of an excavator 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a modified example of the fixed bit 220 of the cutter head 200 of the excavator 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a diagram showing an expanded diameter state of the cutter head 200 of the excavator 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cutter head 200 of an excavator 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention in an expanded diameter state. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a contracted state of the cutter head 200 of the excavator 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cutter head 200 of an excavator 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention in a contracted state. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a clamp device 300 of the excavator 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the clamp device 300 of the excavator 1 taken along the cutting lines CC, DD, and EE in FIG. 2. 1 is a diagram showing an example of use of an excavator 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 1 is a diagram showing an example of use of an excavator 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 13 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of an extraction device 400 of an excavation device 2 of a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an extraction device 400 of an excavation device 2 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 13A to 13C are diagrams for explaining a method of using the extraction device 400 of the excavation device 2 of the second embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an excavator 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2(A) is a vertical cross-sectional view in a direction perpendicular to the vertical cross-sectional view of Figure 1, and (B) is a front view of the cutter head 200 when expanded. Figures 3(A) and (B) are cross-sectional views of the excavator 1 taken along the cutting lines A-A and B-B in Figure 1. Figures 4 and 5 are diagrams for explaining the movement of the rotating pendulum 30 of the excavator 1 and the configuration of the buffer means 40, respectively. Figures 6 and 7 are a structural diagram of the reducer 70 of the excavator 1 and a cross-sectional view of the reducer 70.

In the following description, the bottom of the excavator 1 is the cutter head 200 side, which is the left side in Figure 1. The bottom of the excavator 1 is also the front side, or tip side, of the excavator 1. The axial direction or central axis direction of the excavator 1 is a direction parallel to the central axis M and is the up-down direction. The radial direction or radial direction is a direction perpendicular to the central axis M, the circumferential direction is a direction along an arc centered on the central axis M, and the inside is the central axis side.

The excavator 1 of the first embodiment of the present invention comprises a cutter head 200 for excavating the ground, a pipe-shaped casing 150, an excavator body 10 mounted on the casing 150 for driving the cutter head 200, and a clamp device 300 for detachably connecting the excavator body 10 and the casing 150.

In the excavator 1 of the first embodiment, the cutter head is a cutter head equipped with an expandable bit. The cutter head is basically equipped with an expandable bit, and can expand the diameter of the expandable bit to excavate a borehole larger than the outer diameter of the casing 150, and can insert the casing 150 by reducing the diameter of the expandable bit. The cutter head 200 suitable for the excavator 1 of the first embodiment will be described later.

The excavator body 10 is mainly composed of a vibration mechanism 20 that applies an impact force to the cutter head 200, a rotation mechanism 55 that rotates the cutter head 200, and a drive device 65 equipped with a motor 67 and a reducer 70 that drives the vibration mechanism 20 and the rotation mechanism 55.

The vibration mechanism 20 includes a vibration generating means 21 that generates an impact force to be applied to the cutter head 200, a buffer means 40 that is connected to the vibration generating means 21 and absorbs the impact, and an engagement means 50 that engages with the rotation mechanism 55.

The vibration generating means 21 includes a rotating pendulum 30 (30a, 30b) that generates centrifugal force, which is the source of the impact force, a wheel case 22 that is a support base that supports the rotating pendulum 30, and a drive shaft 35 that rotates the rotating pendulum 30, and applies an impact force to the cutter head 200 to excavate the ground.

The wheel case 22 comprises a main body 23 having a cutter head mounting part 24 at the front and a rotary pendulum mounting part 25 from the center to the rear, and a cylindrical case 29 attached to the main body 23 so as to cover the rotary pendulum mounting part 25. The cutter head mounting part 24 is provided so that its front part protrudes from the tip part 151 of the casing 150. In this embodiment, the case 29 is bolted to the main body 23, but the case 29 may be provided integrally with the main body 23.

A support shaft 27 perpendicular to the central axis M is attached to the rotating pendulum mounting part 25, and the rotating pendulum 30 is rotatably attached to the support shaft 27. The rotating pendulum mounting part 25 also has an insertion hole 26 in the vertical direction through which the drive shaft 35 passes. A bearing 28 that rotatably supports the drive shaft 35 is attached to the upper end of the insertion hole 26.

The wheel case 22 is disposed within the casing 150 and moves up and down while rotating integrally with the connected cutter head 200 and the supporting rotary pendulum 30. This will be described in more detail later.

The rotating pendulum 30 consists of a pair of rotating pendulums 30a and 30b. The rotating pendulums 30a and 30b have the same shape and structure. Below, the shape and structure will be explained using the rotating pendulum 30a.

The rotating pendulum 30a is a thick plate-like member with a fan shape (see Figure 4). The volume of the rotating pendulum 30a increases as it moves away from the center point of the fan, and the fan part away from the center point functions as a weight, generating a large centrifugal force as it rotates. This rotating pendulum 30 can be referred to as an eccentric rotor, eccentric weight, or flywheel.

The rotating pendulum 30a has a through hole near the center point of the fan that passes through the support shaft 27, and a ball bearing 33a is attached to the through hole, so that the rotating pendulum 30a is rotatably attached to the support shaft 27 via the ball bearing 33a. A bevel gear 32a that can be inserted into the support shaft 27 is also attached to the rotating pendulum 30a. This bevel gear 32a meshes with a bevel gear 36 attached to the tip of the drive shaft 35.

The rotation direction and phase of the pair of rotating pendulums 30a, 30b are as follows. The pair of rotating pendulums 30a, 30b are arranged at opposite positions on either side of the central axis M, and rotate parallel to the central axis M around the support shaft 27 as the drive shaft 35 rotates. The pair of rotating pendulums 30a, 30b mesh with one bevel gear 36, so their rotation directions are opposite. The pair of rotating pendulums 30a, 30b are also attached to the support shaft 27 so that they rotate in the same phase. Therefore, the bottom dead center and top dead center of the pair of rotating pendulums 30a, 30b coincide (see Figures 4 (A) and (C)).

The rotation of the pair of rotating pendulums 30a, 30b configured in this way generates a large centrifugal force in the vertical direction, which is the source of the impact force of the cutter head 200. The horizontal load generated by the rotation of the rotating pendulums 30a, 30b is canceled out because the rotating pendulums 30a, 30b rotate in opposite directions.

The rotating pendulum 30 is not limited to the embodiment as long as it can generate centrifugal force that is the source of the impact force applied to the cutter head 200. For example, it may be a rotating pendulum with a weight attached to the end of the arm, or an eccentric rotor with a weight attached near the periphery of the disk and the insertion hole 31 for the support shaft 27 offset from the center point.

The drive shaft 35 is a member that transmits the rotation of the first output shaft 71 of the reducer 70 to the rotary pendulum 30, and is equipped with a bevel gear 36 at its front end and a shaft coupling 37 at its rear end, which is connected to the first output shaft 71. The drive shaft 35 is rotatably supported at its middle portion by a bearing 28, and the bevel gear 36 meshes with the bevel gears 32 (32a, 32b) of the rotary pendulum 30. The shaft coupling 37 is a coupling that connects the drive shaft 35 to the first output shaft 71 so that it can move axially, and is a ball spline coupling in this embodiment. The shaft coupling 37 may have other forms and structures as long as it can reliably transmit the rotation of the first output shaft 71 to the drive shaft 35 and can connect the drive shaft 35 to the first output shaft 71 so that it can move axially.

The buffer means 40 includes a spring holder 41 that is connected to the vibration generating means 21 and the rotation mechanism 55, and a compression spring 47 that is attached to the spring holder 41, and absorbs the impact when the vibration generating means 21 collides with the movement restricting means. The buffer means 40 is connected to the rotation mechanism 55 via the engagement means 50.

The spring holder 41 has a flange portion 42 at the front of the cylindrical body, and a spring housing portion 43 that houses a compression spring 47 from the center to the rear. The flange portion 42 of the spring holder 41 is bolted to the rear end of the wheel case 22, connecting it to the wheel case 22. The drive shaft 35 is located inside the body of the spring holder 41.

The spring accommodating portion 43 is located on the outside of the main body, and has an accommodating hole 44 therein that accommodates a compression spring 47. The accommodating hole 44 is a hole that penetrates the spring accommodating portion 43 in the axial direction, and has a step that protrudes inward at the lower end. A plurality of accommodating holes 44 are provided at equal intervals around the circumference of the spring accommodating portion 43. In this embodiment, the number of accommodating holes 44 is eight, but the number is not limited to this.

The compression spring 47 is attached to the accommodation hole 44 while being inserted into a cylindrical guide shaft 48 having steps on both ends. The compression spring 47 inserted into the guide shaft 48 is located between the steps on both ends of the guide shaft 48. The outer diameter of the compression spring 47 is set to be larger than the outer diameter of the steps of the guide shaft 48 and smaller than the inner diameter of the accommodation hole 44.

The length of the guide shaft 48 is longer than the length of the accommodation hole 44, and both ends of the guide shaft 48 attached to the accommodation hole 44 protrude from the accommodation hole 44. On the other hand, the length of the compression spring 47 is shorter than the length of the accommodation hole 44, and the compression spring 47 attached to the accommodation hole 44 is located within the accommodation hole 44.

A stopper flange 49 is attached to the upper end of each accommodation hole 44 in which a compression spring 47 is inserted through a guide shaft 48. The outer diameter of the stopper flange 49 is larger than the inner diameter of the accommodation hole 44, and the inner diameter of the stopper flange 49 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the stepped portion of the guide shaft 48. Therefore, the guide shaft 48 can be inserted through the stopper flange 49.

The spring accommodating portion 43 is provided with a mounting seat 46 for mounting the transmission shaft 51 that constitutes the engagement means 50. The mounting seats 46 are grooves provided in the radial direction of the spring accommodating portion 43, and multiple mounting seats 46 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the spring accommodating portion 43 between adjacent accommodating holes 44 in the cross section of the spring accommodating portion 43.

The engagement means 50 engages with the rotation mechanism 55 and the vibration mechanism 20, and transmits the rotation of the rotation mechanism 55 to the vibration mechanism 20. The engagement means 50 also functions as a means for supporting the axial movement of the vibration mechanism 20. The engagement means 50 includes a cylindrical transmission shaft 51, a bearing 52 attached to the upper part of the transmission shaft 51, and a collar 53.

The lower half of the transmission shaft 51 is fitted into the mounting seat 46 of the spring housing 43, and the upper half is attached so as to protrude from the spring housing 43. A collar 53 is rotatably attached to the transmission shaft 51 protruding from the spring housing 43 via a bearing 52. The bearing 52 and collar 53 including the transmission shaft 51 fit into the guide groove 60 of the roller guide 56.

The rotation mechanism 55 includes a roller guide 56 fixed to the second output shaft 72 of the reducer 70 constituting the drive device 65, and engages the roller guide 56 with the engagement means 50 to rotate the vibration mechanism 20 and the cutter head 200. The rotation mechanism 55 also includes a spring bearing flange 62 attached to the lower end of the roller guide 56. The spring bearing flange 62, together with the flange portion 58 of the roller guide 56, constitutes a movement restriction means that restricts the axial movement distance of the vibration mechanism 20.

The roller guide 56 has a flange portion 58 at the rear end of the cylindrical main body 57, and a guide portion 59 provided on the outside of the main body 57 from the center to the front end of the main body 57. The roller guide 56 is arranged so that the flange portion 58 is bolted to the second output shaft 72 of the reducer 70, and the main body 57 covers the spring housing portion 43 of the spring holder 41.

The guide portion 59 is located on the outside of the main body 57, and is provided with a guide groove 60 into which the transmission shaft 51 with the collar 53 attached fits freely. The guide groove 60 is a recessed groove that extends in the axial direction (up and down direction) facing the inner peripheral surface of the guide portion 59. A plurality of guide grooves 60 (eight in this embodiment) are provided around the circumference of the guide portion 59 so that each transmission shaft 51 fits therein.

The driving device 65 is a device that drives the vibration mechanism 20 and the rotation mechanism 55, and is mainly composed of a motor 67 and a reducer 70. The motor 67 and the reducer 70 are connected and housed in the housing 66. The outer diameter of the housing 66 is smaller than the inner diameter of the casing 150, and the casing 150 can be inserted therethrough.

The motor 67 is not particularly limited, and any known motor can be used. The motor 67 and the reducer 70 are cooled by a cooling device (not shown) provided in the housing 66. The cooling device can be a coil-shaped cooling pipe arranged to cover the outer periphery of the motor 67 and the reducer 70, or an indirect cooling device that circulates cooling water through a jacket to cool them.

The reducer 70 includes a first output shaft 71 that is directly connected to the output shaft of the motor 67 and rotates at the same rotation speed as the output shaft 68 of the motor 67, and a second output shaft 72 that rotates at a slower speed than the first output shaft 71. If the rotation speed of the first output shaft 71 is _N1 and the rotation speed of the second output shaft 72 is _N2 , then _N1 > _N2 . The first output shaft 71 rotates at a high speed because it is directly connected to the output shaft 68 of the motor 67. A shaft coupling 73 that engages with the shaft coupling 37 of the drive shaft 35 is provided at the tip of the first output shaft 71.

The reducer 70 is not particularly limited as long as it has a first output shaft 71 and a second output shaft 72 that is reduced in speed compared to the first output shaft 71, but since the reducer 70 is stored in the housing 66 and is therefore compact, and since it drives the cutter head 200 to rotate, it is preferable that the reducer 70 has high torque. A suitable reducer 70 is shown in Figures 6 and 7. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line F-F of Figure 6.

The reducer 70 shown in FIG. 6 is an eccentric oscillating type reducer, and is mainly composed of an input rotor 75, an eccentric cam 76 fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the input rotor 75, multiple external gears 77, multiple transmission rods 78, multiple output flanges 79, multiple carrier pins 80, an internal gear 81, an output rotor 72, and a casing 82.

The input rotor 75 is rotatably attached to the center of the casing 82 via a bearing. The input rotor 75 is connected to the output shaft 68 of the motor 67 and rotates at an input rotation speed N _1. In this embodiment, a part of the input rotor 75 protrudes from the casing 82 and serves as the first output shaft 71. The first output shaft 71 may be a separate body from the input rotor 75, or a shaft member may be connected to the input rotor 75 and serve as the first output shaft 71.

The eccentric cam 76 has a rotation axis that is eccentric from the rotation axis of the input rotor 75, rotates integrally with the input rotor 75, and oscillates and rotates the external gear 77 via a transmission rod 78. The external gear 77 is an annular member, and is rotatably connected to the eccentric cam 76 via a bearing and the transmission rod 78. The external gear 77 has a circular inner circumferential surface and external teeth are provided on its outer circumferential surface. The number of teeth of the external gear 77 is M _O.

The transmission rod 78 is a member for transmitting the movement of the eccentric cam 76 to the external gear 77, and is arranged radially so that one end is in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the bearing attached to the eccentric cam 76 and the other end is in contact with the inner circumferential surface of the external gear 77. The output flange 79 is arranged between adjacent external gears 77 and is connected to the carrier pin 80. The output flange 79 is an annular member, and is connected to the output rotor 72 via a spline joint, transmitting the power transmitted via the carrier pin 80 to the output rotor 72.

The internal gear 81 is provided on the inner peripheral surface of a cylindrical casing body 82. The number of teeth of the internal gear 81 is _M1 .

The output rotor 72 has a cylindrical body, is arranged to cover the input rotor 75, and is rotatably attached to the casing 82 via a bearing. The output rotor 72 has an insertion hole through which the transmission rod 78 passes, and a spline joint key is provided on the outer circumferential surface. In this embodiment, the output rotor 72 is the second output shaft 72, and the rotation axes of the second output shaft 72 and the first output shaft 71 coincide.

When the input rotor 75 rotates, the external gear 77 oscillates while meshing with the internal gear 81. Since the number of teeth M _I of the internal gear 81 is greater than the number of teeth M _O of the external gear 77, the external gear 77 rotates in the opposite direction to the rotation direction of the input rotor 75 at a ratio of (M _I -M O)/M _O with respect to the rotation speed N ₁ of the input rotor 75. In other words, the reduction ratio of the reducer 70 is M _O /(M _I -M _O ). The power of the rotation of the external gear 77 is transmitted to the carrier _pin 80, and is transmitted to the output rotor 72 via the output flange 79. As a result, the rotation speed N ₂ of the second output shaft 72 is a value obtained by multiplying the rotation speed N ₁ of the first output shaft 71 by (M _I -M _O )/M _O. For details of the structure of the reducer 70 shown in FIG.

In the driving device 65 configured as described above, the first output shaft 71 is connected to the driving shaft 35 via the shaft coupling 73, and rotates the driving shaft 35 at a rotation speed _N1 . In the driving device 65, the second output shaft 72 of the reducer 70 is connected to the roller guide 56, and rotates the rotation mechanism 55, and further the vibration mechanism 20 and the cutter head 200 at a rotation speed _N2 .

The excavator 1 further includes a screw casing 86 that transports the excavated soil excavated by the cutter head 200. The screw casing 86 is a transport means for the excavated soil, and lifts the excavated soil to the top of the screw casing 86. The screw casing 86 includes a cylindrical main body 87, and a flange portion 88 that protrudes inward at the lower end of the main body 87. In addition, a screw 89 that transports the excavated soil is provided on the outer wall surface of the main body 87.

The upper end of the body 87 of the screw casing 86 is connected to the roller guide 56 via a ring key 90. This allows the screw casing 86 to rotate integrally with the roller guide 56 at a rotation speed _N2 .

The inner diameter of the main body 87 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the case 29 of the wheel case 22, and the wheel case 22 is located inside the main body 87. The inner diameter of the main body 87 is also larger than the outer diameter of the guide portion 59 of the roller guide 56, and the roller guide 56 is located inside the main body 87.

The outer diameter of the screw 89 is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the casing 150, and the outer circumferential surface of the screw 89 is in sliding contact with the inner surface of the casing 150. The outer diameter of the screw 89 may be set slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the casing 150, so that the outer circumferential surface of the screw 89 is in close proximity to the inner surface of the casing 150 without contacting it. As a result, a transport path for the excavated soil is formed between the inner surface of the casing 150 and the outer circumferential surface of the main body 87, and the excavated soil can be transported to the reducer 70 side by rotating the screw casing 86.

When the screw casing 86 is connected to the roller guide 56, the tip surface of the flange portion 88 is at the same height as the tip portion 151 of the casing 150. The flange portion 88 has a circular hole in the center through which the cutter head mounting portion 24 of the wheel case 22 is inserted, and a bushing 91 is fitted into the inner peripheral surface of the circular hole. The bushing 91 is in slidable contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cutter head mounting portion 24, and guides the rotation and up and down movement of the wheel case 22.

The excavator 1 of this embodiment is configured to be able to connect an extension casing 160 that is extended depending on the excavation depth, and a joint pipe 165 that brings together various pipes. The excavator 1 is equipped with a piping chamber 105 for connecting various pipes, such as air pipes, arranged in the excavator 1 to the newly connected joint pipe 165.

The piping chamber 105 has a cylindrical body 107 that is smaller than the inside diameter of the casing 150, and the lower end of the body 107 is provided with a connecting flange 109, and the upper end of the body 107 is provided with a connecting part 111 for connecting the joint pipe 165. This connecting part 111 allows the joint pipe 165 to be easily connected and removed.

The piping chamber 105 is located above the drive unit 65, and a connecting flange 109 is fixed to the housing 66 of the drive unit 65. As described above, in this embodiment, the piping chamber 105 is included in the excavator body 10.

The casing 150 is a cylindrical pipe-shaped member, and has an inner diameter and length capable of housing the excavator body 10 including the piping chamber 105. In the excavator 1 of this embodiment, the casing 150 functions not only as a casing that houses the excavator body 10 including the piping chamber 105, but also as a buried pipe. Its function as a buried pipe will be described later.

Next, a cutter head 200 suitable for the excavator 1 of this embodiment will be described. FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the cutter head 200, and FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the fixed bit portion 210 of the cutter head 200. FIG. 10 is a modified example of the fixed bit 220 of the cutter head 200. FIG. 11 (A) and (B) are a front view showing the cutter head 200 in an expanded state, and a cross-sectional view of the expansion/contraction bit portion 230 in the expanded state. FIG. 12 (A) is a vertical cross-sectional view of the cutter head 200 in an expanded state, and (B) is a vertical cross-sectional view at a position different from (A). FIG. 13 (A) and (B) are a front view showing the cutter head 200 in a contracted state, and a cross-sectional view of the expansion/contraction bit portion 230 in the contracted state. FIG. 14 (A) is a vertical cross-sectional view of the cutter head 200 in a contracted state, and (B) is a vertical cross-sectional view at a position different from (A).

The cutter head 200 comprises a fixed bit section 210, an expandable/contractable bit section 230, and a connecting section 250 that connects to the excavator body 10. The fixed bit section 210, the expandable/contractable bit section 230, and the connecting section 250 are arranged from bottom to top, and are connected together. The connecting section 250 of the cutter head 200 is attached to the cutter head mounting section 24 of the excavator body 10, and the cutter head 200 rotates and moves up and down via the excavator body 10 to excavate the ground.

The fixed bit section 210 has a thick, bottomed, cylindrical casing 211 to which a fixed bit 220 for excavating the ground is fixed. The casing 211 is arranged so that the part corresponding to the bottom of the bottomed cylindrical shape is the front surface 212.

The casing 211 has a flat front surface 212, and the boundary between the front surface 212 and the side surface 213 is an inclined surface 214. The front surface 212, the side surface 213, and the inclined surface 214 are each provided with a mounting seat 215 for mounting a fixed bit 220.

The mounting seat 215 has a recess 216 into which the base 222 of the fixed bit 220 fits, and an insertion hole 217 through which the mounting bolt 225 of the fixed bit 220 passes. The recess 216 is large enough that the lower part of the base 222 fits in with almost no gap. The insertion hole 217 is connected to the recess 216 and is drilled so as to be perpendicular to the casing 211. This allows the fixed bit 220 to be firmly fixed to the casing 211.

The fixed bit 220 is composed of a carbide tip 221, a base 222 to which the carbide tip 221 is fixed, and a mounting bolt 225 attached to the bottom surface of the base 222 so as to be perpendicular to the base 222. The fixed bit 220 is firmly bolted to the casing 211 by inserting the mounting bolt 225 into the insertion hole 217 provided in the casing 211 and fitting the base 222 into the recess 216 so as not to loosen due to vibration, etc.

The base 222 has an elongated, generally rectangular parallelepiped shape, and a longitudinally parallel groove 224 is provided on the upper surface 223. The carbide tip 221 has a shape in which a narrow mountain-shaped portion is arranged on a base having approximately the same size as the groove 224, and is fixed by brazing to the groove 224 so that the mountain-shaped portion protrudes from the upper surface 223 of the base 222. In this embodiment, the base 222 has an elongated, generally rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the carbide tip 221 has a mountain-shaped portion at the top, but the shapes of the base 222 and the carbide tip 221 are not particularly limited.

Figure 10 shows modified examples of the fixed bit 220. The fixed bit 220a in Figure 10 (A) has four spherical carbide tips 221a attached in a zigzag pattern to the groove 224 of the base 222. The fixed bit 220b in Figure 10 (B) has three spherical carbide tips 221a attached in a straight line with spaces between them to the groove 224 of the base 222.

The fixed bit 220c in FIG. 10(C) has three grooves 224c in the base 222 that intersect in the longitudinal direction, and a carbide tip 221 with a mountain-shaped upper part is attached to each groove 224c. The fixed bit 220d in FIG. 10(D) has three grooves 224d in the base 222 that intersect in the longitudinal direction, and a carbide tip 221 with a mountain-shaped upper part is attached to each groove 224d.

In this embodiment, the fixed bit section 210 has ten fixed bits 220 attached radially to the front surface 212, and six fixed bits 220 attached radially to each of the side surface 213 and the inclined surface 214. The number and arrangement of the fixed bits 220 in the fixed bit section 210 are not particularly limited, but it is preferable to arrange a large number of fixed bits 220 over the entire casing 211 as in this embodiment. By arranging a large number of fixed bits 220 over the entire casing 211 as in this embodiment, the load on each fixed bit 220 is reduced.

While the hammer bit of a conventional down-the-hole hammer has the drilling bit placed only on the front surface of the hammer body, the fixed bit section 210 of this embodiment has the fixed bit 220 placed not only on the front surface 212 of the casing 211 but also on the side surface 213 and inclined surface 214, which reduces the burden on the expandable bit section 230.

The fixed bits 220 used in the fixed bit section 210 do not all need to have the same shape. For example, the fixed bits 220 arranged on the front surface 212 may be different from the fixed bits 220 arranged on the side surface 213 or the inclined surface 214. On the other hand, if the fixed bits 220 used in the fixed bit section 210 have the same shape, there is an advantage that they can be manufactured easily and at low cost.

The expansion/contraction bit section 230 is mainly composed of an expansion/contraction bit 231 for excavating the ground, a base flange 238 for housing the expansion/contraction bit 231 in a retractable manner, and a fixed side flange 245 connected to the base flange 238.

The expansion/contraction bit 231 has a body 232 that is elongated and roughly rectangular, and a carbide tip 236 is attached to the tip surface 233 of the body 232. The opposite tip of the body 232 forms an inclined surface 235 that is inclined in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, six expansion/contraction bits 231 of the same shape and structure are arranged in the expansion/contraction bit section 230.

The tip surface 233 of the main body 232 is provided with three grooves 234 parallel to the axial direction. The carbide tip 236 has a shape in which a narrow mountain-shaped portion is provided on a base having approximately the same size as the grooves 234, and is fixed by brazing to each groove 234 so that the mountain-shaped portion protrudes from the tip surface 233. The shapes of the tip surface 233 and grooves 234 of the main body 232, and the carbide tip 236 are not particularly limited.

The base flange 238 has a thick cylindrical portion 239 and a flange portion 243 connected to the cylindrical portion 239. The outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 239 is approximately the same as the outer diameter of the casing 211. The inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 239 is set so that half the difference between the outer and inner diameters is greater than the length of the main body 232 of the expansion/contraction bit 231. The cylindrical portion 239 has six recesses 241 that accommodate the main body 232 and are radially arranged at 60° intervals. The upper surface 240 of the cylindrical portion 239 is the surface that connects to the fixed side flange 245.

The recess 241 is formed so as to connect to the outer peripheral surface 242, inner peripheral surface, and upper surface 240 of the cylindrical portion 239. The shape and size of the recess 241 are substantially the same as the shape and size of the body 232 of the expansion/contraction bit 231, and the expansion/contraction bit 231 can be fitted into the recess 241 with almost no gap and can slide freely.

The flange portion 243 is provided below the cylindrical portion 239. The outer diameter of the flange portion 243 is larger than the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 239, and the inner diameter of the flange portion 243 is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 239.

The fixed side flange 245 has a thick flange portion 246 and a cylindrical portion 248 connected to the flange portion 246. The outer diameter of the flange portion 246 is set to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 239 of the base flange 238. The inner diameter of the flange portion 246 is approximately halfway between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 239 of the base flange 238. The lower surface 247 of the flange portion 246 forms a flange surface that connects to the base flange 238.

The cylindrical portion 248 is disposed above the flange portion 246 so that its axis is parallel to the central axis M. The outer and inner diameters of the cylindrical portion 248 are intermediate between the outer and inner diameters of the flange portion 246, and the cylindrical portion 248 protrudes upward from the upper surface of the flange portion 246.

The expansion/contraction bit section 230, which is configured as described above, is fitted into the recess 241 of the base flange 238, and is arranged so that the lower surface 247 of the flange section 246 of the fixed side flange 245 contacts the upper surface 240 of the base flange 238, and these are connected to the upper end of the casing 211 via a fastening bolt 262. When connected, the fixed bit section 210 and the expansion/contraction bit section 230 have the same axis.

The connecting portion 250 has a rotating side flange 251 that connects to the cutter head mounting portion 24 and a bearing flange 256 that rotatably supports the fixed side flange 245.

The rotating side flange 251 has a thick ring shape, and its outer diameter is approximately the same as the outer diameter of the casing 211. The inner diameter of the rotating side flange 251 is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the flange portion 243 of the base flange 238. The upper surface 252 of the rotating side flange 251 is provided with a screw hole 253 for connecting to the cutter head mounting portion 24, and the lower surface is provided with a recess 255 into which the cylindrical portion 248 of the fixed side flange 245 fits.

The bearing flange 256 has a thick ring shape, and its outer diameter is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the flange portion 246 of the fixed side flange 245. The inner diameter of the bearing flange 256 is intermediate between the outer diameter and inner diameter of the flange portion 243 of the base flange 238. The bearing flange 256 has a recess 257 into which the bearing 260 fits, and is connected to the rotating side flange 251 via a fastening bolt 259.

The connecting part 250, which is constructed as described above, is arranged so that the cylindrical part 248 of the fixed side flange 245 fits into the recess 255 of the rotating side flange 251, and further so that the recess 257 of the bearing flange 256 faces the inner circumferential surface 249 of the cylindrical part 248 of the fixed side flange 245. A bearing 260 is attached between the recess 257 of the bearing flange 256 and the cylindrical part 248 of the fixed side flange 245, and the expansion/contraction bit part 230 and the connecting part 250 are connected to each other so as to be freely rotatable via the bearing 260.

The cutter head 200 further has an expansion/contraction means 270 for protruding the expansion/contraction bit 231 radially from the outer peripheral surface 242 of the base flange 238, or for retracting the protruding expansion/contraction bit 231 back to its original position.

The expansion/contraction means 270 includes a slide member 271 that slides axially to cause the engaging expansion/contraction bit 231 to extend and retract, and a screw member 280 that slides the slide member 271 axially.

The slide member 271 is provided with projections 273 that protrude radially at 60° intervals on the outer peripheral surface of a thick ring portion 272. The inner diameter of the ring portion 272 is set to be larger than the inner diameter of the flange portion 243 of the base flange 238, and the outer diameter of the ring portion 272 is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 239 of the base flange 238. The projections 273 are sized so that their center to tip fits into the recess 241 of the cylindrical portion 239 of the base flange 328. The inner peripheral surface of the ring portion 272 is provided with a threaded portion 276 that screws into the threaded portion 282 of the screw member 280.

The number and pitch of the protrusions 273 are set to correspond to the number and pitch of the recesses 241 in the cylindrical portion 239 of the base flange 238. The tip surface of the protrusion 273 is an inclined surface 274 that slopes upward and downward, and this inclined surface 274 is parallel to the inclined surface 235 of the expansion/contraction bit 231.

The screw member 280 has a cylindrical portion 281 and a flange portion 285 provided at the upper end of the cylindrical portion 281, and its vertical length is approximately the same as the length of the expansion/contraction bit portion 230. The outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 281 is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the ring portion 272 of the slide member 271, and the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 281 is provided with a threaded portion 282 that screws into the threaded portion 276 of the slide member 271. The length of the threaded portion 282 is set so as to place the expansion/contraction bit 231 in the expansion position and the contraction position. The tip of the cylindrical portion 281 is provided with a notch portion 283 into which the inner peripheral surface 244 of the flange portion 243 of the base flange 238 slides freely.

The outer diameter of the flange portion 285 is set to be larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 281, and the flange portion 285 has a bolt insertion hole for connecting the screw member 280 to the connecting portion 250.

The expansion/contraction means 270 is assembled into the cutter head 200 in the following manner. The threaded portion 282 of the screw member 280 and the threaded portion 276 of the ring member 271 are screwed together, and with the inner peripheral surface 244 of the flange portion 243 of the base flange 238 in contact with the notched portion 283 of the screw member 280, the flange portion 285 is sandwiched between the bearing flange 256 and the rotating side flange 251 of the connecting portion 250, and these are connected by a fastening bolt 259. In this state, the inclined surface 235 of the expansion/contraction bit 231 and the inclined surface 274 of the slide member 271 are in slidable contact with each other.

The cutterhead 200 configured as described above has a generally cylindrical appearance, with the front surface 212 of the casing 211 forming the tip surface, and the outer peripheral surfaces of the casing 211, base flange 238, fixed side flange 245 and rotating side flange 251 forming the side surfaces of the cutterhead 200. The cutterhead 200 also has a fixed bit section 210 and an expansion/contraction bit section 230 integrally connected, which are connected to the connecting section 250 so as to be rotatable about their own axis. A portion of the interior of the cutterhead 200, particularly around the central axis M, is hollow.

The method of expanding and contracting the diameter of the expansion/contraction bit 231 of the cutter head 200 is as follows. The fixed bit part 210 and the expansion/contraction bit part 230 are rotatably connected to the connecting part 250, so when excavation resistance is applied to the fixed bit part 210 and the expansion/contraction bit part 230, the fixed bit part 210 and the expansion/contraction bit part 230 rotate relative to the connecting part 250. As a result, the screw member 280 connected to the connecting part 250 also rotates relative to the fixed bit part 210 and the expansion/contraction bit part 230.

When the cutter head 200 rotates in the excavation direction, the slide member 271 moves upward along the screw member 280. As a result, the expansion/contraction bit 231 is pushed radially outward by the protrusion 273 of the slide member 271, with which it is in slidable contact, and gradually expands in diameter. The expansion of the expansion/contraction bit 231 ends when the slide member 271 moves to the upper end of the threaded portion 282 of the screw member 280. Even after the expansion of the expansion/contraction bit 231 has ended, an upward moving force acts on the slide member 271 due to the rotation of the cutter head 200, so the expansion/contraction bit 231 remains in an expanded state.

When the cutter head 200 is rotated in the opposite direction while the expansion/contraction bit 231 is in the expanded state, the slide member 271 moves downward along the screw member 280. As the slide member 271 moves downward, the expansion/contraction bit 231 gradually contracts in diameter in relation to the position of the inclined surface 274 of the protrusion 273 of the slide member 271 with which it is in slidable contact. The contraction of the slide member 271 ends when the slide member 271 moves to the lower end of the threaded portion 282 of the screw member 280.

When the expansion/contraction bit 231 is expanded, it protrudes larger than the outer diameter of the casing 150 so that it can excavate. On the other hand, when the expansion/contraction bit 231 is contracted, the position of the tip of the carbide tip 238 is the same as the outer peripheral surface 242 of the base flange 238, or the tip of the carbide tip 238 is inserted inside (toward the central axis) of the outer peripheral surface 242 of the base flange 238.

Next, the structure of the clamp device 300 will be described. Fig. 15(A) is a cross-sectional view of the clamp device 300 in an unclamped state, and Fig. 15(B) is a cross-sectional view of the clamp device 300 in a clamped state. Figs. 16(A), (B), and (C) are cross-sectional views taken along the cutting lines CC, D-D, and E-E in Fig. 2, respectively.

The clamp device 300 is a device that detachably connects the excavator body 10 and the casing 150, and includes a tapered flange 310, a plurality of wedge members 320 that are in sliding contact with the tapered flange 310, a connecting flange 330 that connects the plurality of wedge members 320, and a clamping cylinder 340 that moves the wedge members 320 up and down, and is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the piping chamber body 107 and the inner peripheral surface 152 of the casing 150.

The tapered flange 310 has a conical inclined surface 311 on the outer circumferential surface, a tapered portion 312 on the inner circumferential surface of a cylinder, and a flange portion 314 provided at the upper end of the tapered portion 312. The inner diameter of the tapered portion 312 is approximately the same as the outer diameter of the piping chamber main body 107. The outer diameter of the tapered portion 312 increases toward the top.

The flange portion 314 is a flange having an opening in the center, the diameter of the opening being smaller than the inner diameter of the tapered portion 312, and the inner peripheral surface of the flange portion 314 being located radially inward from the tapered portion 312. The outer diameter of the flange portion 314 is larger than the outer diameter of the upper end of the tapered portion 312, and the outer peripheral surface of the flange portion 314 being located radially outward from the tapered portion 312.

The tapered flange 310 constructed as described above is inserted so as to cover the piping chamber 105 from above, and the flange portion 314 is bolted to the upper surface 108 of the piping chamber body 107.

Wedge member 320 has a conical inclined surface 321 on its inner circumferential surface and is a member formed by dividing a cylindrical outer circumferential surface into four parts, and is in sliding contact with inclined surface 311 of tapered flange 310. Inclined surface 321 of wedge member 320 is parallel to inclined surface 311 of tapered flange 310, and the diameter of the inner circumferential surface of wedge member 320 increases toward the top.

The four wedge members 320 have the same shape and dimensions, and the outer diameter of the wedge member 320 formed when the four wedge members 320 are lined up in the circumferential direction with no gaps is set to be smaller than the inner diameter of the casing 150. In this embodiment, it is made up of four arc-shaped wedge members, but the number of wedge members may be two, three, five or more.

The connecting flange 330 is an annular flange that connects the multiple wedge members 320 and the clamping cylinder 340. The inner diameter of the connecting flange 330 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the piping chamber main body 107, and the outer diameter of the connecting flange 330 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the casing 150. The base end 323 of the wedge member 320 is attached to the upper surface 332 of the connecting flange 330 so as to be slidable in the radial direction.

The clamping cylinder 340 is composed of four cylinders, and the base end 342 of each cylinder body 341 is fixed to the upper surface of the connecting flange 109 of the piping chamber 105 at 90° intervals in the circumferential direction. The tip of the rod 344 of the clamping cylinder 340 is connected to the connecting flange 330.

When the clamping cylinder 340 is operated to project the rod 344, the wedge member 320 is pushed upward via the connecting flange 330. The pushed-out wedge member 320 rises while sliding its inclined surface 321 against the inclined surface 311 of the tapered flange 310, and is pushed radially outward. As a result, the outer peripheral surface 325 of the wedge member 320 is pressed against the inner peripheral surface 152 of the casing 150, connecting the clamping device 300 and the casing 150. This state is the clamped state.

The clamping device 300 is disposed between the outer peripheral surface of the piping chamber body 107 and the inner peripheral surface 152 of the casing 150, and is fixed to the piping chamber 105. Therefore, when the clamping device 300 is in the clamped state, the excavator body 10 and the cutter head 200 are also connected to the casing 150 via the clamping device 300. Meanwhile, the clamping cylinder 340 is operated so that the rod 344 retreats toward the cylinder body 341, and the wedge member 320 moves away from the inner peripheral surface 152 of the casing 150. This state is the clamp-released state. In the clamp-released state, the excavator body 10, the cutter head 200, and the clamping device 300 are no longer connected to the casing 150.

The method of using the excavator 1 will now be described. Figure 17 shows a dry vacuum method using the excavator 1. The dry vacuum method is a method of excavating without supplying muddy water to the cutter head 200, and is suitable for excavating relatively soft soil such as embankments.

The excavator 1 has a cutter head 200 attached to the tip, and the excavator body 10 is fixed to the casing 150 via a clamping device 300. When the excavator 1 is placed vertically with the cutter head 200 facing downwards, the excavator body 10 including the cutter head 200 is suspended from the casing 150 via the clamping device 300. An extension casing 160 and a joint pipe 165 are also connected as necessary.

The extension casing 160 is a cylindrical pipe-shaped member like the casing 150, and has the same inner and outer diameters as the casing 150. Therefore, the cutter head 200 and the excavator body 10 can be inserted through the extension casing 160.

The excavator 1 has a casing 150 or an extension casing 160 held by a reaction device 500 installed on the ground 600. The reaction device 500 is connected to an operation panel 502 and a hydraulic unit 504, and supports the casing 150 or the extension casing 160 so that it cannot rotate and can move up and down.

An air supply pipe 508 is connected to a joint pipe 165 connected to the excavator 1, and sealing air is supplied from a compressor 506 installed on the ground 600. This sealing air is supplied into the casing 150, sealing the inside of the casing 150 to prevent excavated soil from entering the vibration mechanism 20 and the rotation mechanism 55, and exits to the cutter head 200 side from a check valve 14 attached to the tip of the cutter head mounting part 24.

A suction pipe 514 is connected to the joint pipe 165 connected to the excavator 1. The suction pipe 514 is connected to a vacuum tank 512 and a vacuum soil removal device 510 installed on the ground 600, and sucks up the excavated soil transported by the screw casing 86.

The excavator 1 is connected to an appropriate extension casing 160 and a joint pipe 165, and the excavator 1 acts as a leader, with the cutter head 200 at the tip rotating at a low speed (revolutions per minute N ₂ ) and moving up and down to excavate the ground. The specific operation is as follows.

When the motor 67 is operated, the drive shaft 35 connected to the first output shaft 71 rotates at high speed (revolutions per minute N ₁ ), rotating the pair of rotary pendulums 30a, 30b. As the rotary pendulums 30a, 30b rotate, the wheel case 22 supporting the rotary pendulums 30a, 30b moves up and down. At this time, the transmission shaft 51 attached to the spring holder 41 connected to the wheel case 22 fits into the guide groove 60 of the roller guide 56, and the vibration generating mechanism 20 moves up and down while being guided by the guide groove 60.

When the wheel case 22 moves up and down, the lower end of the guide shaft 48 attached to the spring holder 41 connected to the wheel case 22 hits the spring receiving flange 62, and the upper end of the guide shaft 48 hits the flange portion 58 of the roller guide 56, and the attached compression spring 47 absorbs the impact. The compression spring 47 expands from its compressed state to urge the vibration mechanism 20 to move up and down.

By the above operation, the vibration mechanism 20 moves up and down together with the connected cutter head 200, exerting an impact force on the cutter head 200.

Furthermore, when the motor 67 is operated, the second output shaft 72 rotates together with the first output shaft 71 at the rotation speed _N2 . As the second output shaft 72 rotates, the roller guide 56 connected to the second output shaft 72 also rotates integrally at the rotation speed _N2 . The roller guide 56 and the vibration generating mechanism 20 are not directly connected, but the transmission shaft 51 attached to the spring holder 41 is fitted into the guide groove 60 of the roller guide 56, so that the rotation of the roller guide 56 is transmitted to the vibration generating mechanism 20 via the transmission shaft 51.

As a result, when the rotation mechanism 55 rotates at the rotation speed _N2 , the vibration generating mechanism 20 and the cutter head 200 connected thereto also rotate integrally at the rotation speed _N2 . The rotation mechanism 55 does not move up and down even if the vibration generating mechanism 20 moves up and down because the roller guide 56 is connected to the second output shaft 72 of the reducer 70 and the transmission shaft 51 is engaged with the guide groove 60 so as to be able to move up and down.

As a result, the vibration mechanism 20 and the cutter head 200 move up and down together while rotating at the rotation speed _N2 . This causes the fixed bit 220 to excavate the ground. Furthermore, the fixed bit part 210 excavates the ground while rotating, so that an excavation resistance is applied to the fixed bit part 210. This causes the fixed bit part 210 and the expansion/contraction bit part 230 to rotate relative to the connecting part 250, and the slide member 271 moves upward along the screw member 280. Accordingly, the expansion/contraction bit 231 is pushed outward in the radial direction by the protrusion 273 of the slide member 271, expanding in diameter and excavating the ground.

The excavated soil excavated by the cutter head 200 is discharged to the ground in the following manner. The screw casing 86 is connected to the roller guide 56 via a ring key 90. Therefore, when the motor 67 is operated, the screw casing 86 rotates at a rotation speed of _N2 and transports the excavated soil to the reduction gear 70. The excavated soil is further sucked into the suction pipe 514 and transported to the ground 600.

The extension casing 160 and joint pipe 165 are added in sequence according to the excavation depth, and excavation is performed. When excavation is completed, the cutter head 200 is rotated in the reverse direction. This causes the expansion/contraction bit 231 to contract in diameter.

To retrieve the excavator 1, the expansion/contraction bit 231 is contracted, and the clamping device 300 is clamped in the same manner as during excavation, and the excavator 1 is pulled to the ground together with the extension casing 160 and the joint pipe 165 via the reaction device 500.

When the clamping device 300 of this excavator 1 is released, the edges of the casing 150 and the excavator body 10 are cut, so the casing 150 and the extension casing 160 are left at the excavated site, and the excavator body 10 and cutter head 200 can be retrieved.

With the expansion/contraction bit 231 in a contracted state, a lifting wire (not shown) is attached to the upper end of the joint pipe 165, and the clamping device 300 is put into an unclamped state. When the wire is lifted with a crane (not shown), the cutter head 200, excavator body 10, clamping device 300, and joint pipe 165 can be lifted together, leaving the casing 150 and extension casing 160 in place.

Another method of using the excavator 1 will now be described. Figure 18 shows a muddy water return method using the excavator 1. The muddy water return method is a method in which muddy water is supplied to the cutter head 200 while being collected together with the excavated soil, and the muddy water separated from the excavated soil is recycled for excavation, and is suitable for excavating hard ground such as bedrock. The same components as those in the dry vacuum method using the excavator 1 in Figure 17 are given the same reference numerals and will not be described.

In the muddy water circulation method, a muddy water circulation device 520 is installed on the ground 600. The muddy water circulation device 520 is equipped with a muddy water supply pump 522, and a mud supply pipe 524 is connected to a joint pipe 165, and muddy water is sent to the cutter head 200. The cutter head 200 is provided with a nozzle 218 for sending muddy water at its tip, from which the muddy water is discharged. The muddy water circulation device 520 also has a separator 526 that separates the excavated soil from the muddy water containing the excavated soil sent from the sand pump 530, where the excavated soil is separated and the muddy water is recycled.

In the muddy water return method, muddy water containing excavated soil is collected via a sand pump 530 installed on the ground 600.

The movements of the vibration mechanism 20 and cutter head 200 of the excavator 1 in the mud return method are basically the same as those in the dry vacuum method shown in FIG. 17, but differ from the dry vacuum method in that excavation is performed while supplying mud, and the excavated soil and mud are collected from the outside of the casing 150 and the extension casing 160. In the case of an excavator 1 used in the mud return method, the screw casing 86 or screw 89 may be omitted.

The procedure for recovering the excavator 1 in the mud return method, leaving the casing 150 and extension casing 160 at the excavated site, and recovering the excavator body 10 and cutter head 200 is the same as for the excavator 1 in the dry vacuum method.

Figure 19 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the extraction device 400 of the excavation device 2 of the second embodiment of the present invention, (A) being a vertical cross-sectional view, and (B) being a plan view of the upper clamping means 431. Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of the extraction device 400 shown in Figure 19, (A), (B), (C), and (D) being cross-sectional views taken along the cutting lines G-G, H-H, I-I, and J-J in Figure 19, respectively. Figure 21 is a diagram for explaining the method of using the extraction device 400 of the excavation device 2 of the second embodiment of the present invention. In Figures 19(A) and 21, the left side is the bottom.

The excavation device 2 of the second embodiment includes the excavator 1 of the first embodiment, an extraction device 400 for extracting the excavator body 10, and a control device 480 for controlling the operation of the clamp device 300 of the excavator 1 and the extraction device 400.

The extraction device 400 includes a lower clamping means 401, an upper clamping means 431, and a connecting cylinder 461 that connects the lower clamping means 401 and the upper clamping means 431 and expands or contracts the distance between them.

The lower clamping means 401 includes a casing 402, a wedge member 410, a wedge member mounting seat 415 for connecting the wedge member 410 to a clamping cylinder 425, and a clamping cylinder 425 for moving the wedge member 410 up and down.

The casing 402 has a cylindrical main body 403 that extends vertically, and an upper flange 404 located radially outward at the upper end of the main body 403. The lower end of the main body 403 has a lower flange 405 located radially inward. An opening is provided in the center of the lower flange 405, and an inner cylindrical portion 406 that is parallel to the main body 403 is provided on the periphery of this opening.

The outer diameter of the main body 403 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the casing 150 or the extension casing 160. On the other hand, the outer diameter of the upper flange 404 is larger than the outer diameter of the casing 150 or the extension casing 160. Therefore, when the main body 403 is inserted into the casing 150 or the extension casing 160, the upper flange 404 engages with the end of the casing 150 or the extension casing 160.

The length of the inner cylindrical portion 406 is approximately half the length of the main body portion 403, and the inner diameter is set to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the joint pipe 165. The outer diameter of the inner cylindrical portion 406 is set so that a space can be secured between the main body portion 403 and the inner cylindrical portion 406 to accommodate the clamping cylinder 425 and the wedge member mounting seat 415. An inclined surface 407 whose diameter increases toward the upper end is provided at the upper part of the inner peripheral surface of the inner cylindrical portion 406.

The wedge member 410 is a member divided into two parts, with a conical inclined surface 412 on the outer circumferential surface and a cylindrical inner circumferential surface, and has a flange portion 414 that protrudes outward at the upper end. The two wedge members 410 have the same shape and dimensions, and the inner diameter of the wedge member 410 formed when the two wedge members 410 are lined up with no gaps in the circumferential direction is set to be slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the joint pipe 165. The inclined surface 412 of the wedge member 410 is parallel to the inclined surface 407 of the inner cylindrical portion 406, and the diameter of the inclined surface 412 increases toward the top.

The wedge member mounting seat 415 has a mounting seat 420 at the top for fixing the wedge member 410. The mounting seat 420 is an annular flange with an opening in the center. Below the mounting seat 420, a fixing portion 416 is provided for attaching the wedge member mounting seat 415 to the rod 427 of the clamping cylinder 425, and the wedge member mounting seat 415 is firmly fixed to the tip of the rod 427. The inner peripheral surface of the fixing portion 416 is provided with a recess 422 into which the flange portion 414 of the wedge member 410 fits. The wedge member 410 is bolted to the mounting seat 420 so that the flange portion 414 fits into the recess 422 and can slide radially.

A cylindrical portion 417 extending downward is provided on the inner peripheral edge of the fixing portion 416. The cylindrical portion 417 is parallel to the inner cylindrical portion 406 of the casing 402, and is arranged so that when the wedge member mounting seat 415 is attached to the rod 427 of the clamping cylinder 425, the inner peripheral surface 418 of the cylindrical portion 417 contacts the outer peripheral surface 408 of the inner cylindrical portion 406.

The clamping cylinder 425 is composed of two cylinders, and the base end of each cylinder body 426 is fixed to the upper surface of the lower flange portion 405 of the casing 402 at a position facing each other when viewed in the circumferential direction. In addition, a wedge member mounting seat 415 is attached to the tip of the rod 427 of the clamping cylinder 425.

When the clamping cylinder 425 is operated to protrude the rod 427, the wedge member mounting seat 415 moves upward while sliding the cylindrical inner circumferential surface 418 against the inner cylindrical outer circumferential surface 408. As a result, the wedge member 410 fixed to the wedge member mounting seat 415 moves away from the cylindrical portion 406 and enters an unclamped state.

When the clamping cylinder 425 is operated to retract the rod 427 toward the cylinder body 426, the wedge member mounting seat 415 moves downward while sliding the cylindrical inner circumferential surface 418 against the inner cylindrical outer circumferential surface 408. Accordingly, the wedge member 410 fixed to the wedge member mounting seat 415 moves downward while sliding the inclined surface 412 against the inclined surface 407 of the inner cylindrical portion 406, and is pushed radially inward. As a result, the inner circumferential surface 413 of the wedge member 410 is pressed against the outer circumferential surface 167 of the joint pipe 165, and the lower clamping means 401 engages with the joint pipe 165, resulting in a clamped state.

The upper clamping means 431 has the same configuration as the lower clamping means 401, except for the upper flange 404 of the casing 402 of the lower clamping means 401, and is configured by inverting the components of the lower clamping means 401 upside down. Specifically, it is as follows.

The upper clamping means 431 includes a casing 432, a wedge member 440, a wedge member mounting seat 445 for connecting the wedge member 440 to a clamping cylinder 455, and a clamping cylinder 455 for moving the wedge member 440 up and down.

The casing 432 has a cylindrical main body 433 that extends vertically, and an upper flange 435 located radially inward at the upper end of the main body 433. An opening is provided in the center of the upper flange 435, and an inner cylindrical portion 436 that is parallel to the main body 433 is provided on the periphery of this opening. The outer diameter of the main body 433 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the casing 150 or the extension casing 160.

The length of the inner cylindrical portion 436 is approximately half the length of the main body portion 433, and the inner diameter is set to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the joint pipe 165. The outer diameter of the inner cylindrical portion 436 is set so that a space can be secured between the main body portion 433 and the inner cylindrical portion 436 to accommodate the clamp cylinder 455 and the wedge member mounting seat 435. The lower part of the inner circumferential surface of the inner cylindrical portion 436 is provided with an inclined surface 437 whose diameter increases toward the lower end.

The wedge member 440 is a member divided into two parts, with a conical inclined surface 442 on the outer circumferential surface and a cylindrical inner circumferential surface, and has a flange portion 444 that protrudes outward at the lower end. The two wedge members 440 have the same shape and dimensions, and the inner diameter of the wedge member 440 formed when the two wedge members 440 are lined up with no gaps in the circumferential direction is set to be slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the joint pipe 165. The inclined surface 442 of the wedge member 440 is parallel to the inclined surface 437 of the inner cylindrical portion 436, and the diameter of the inclined surface 442 increases toward the bottom.

The wedge member mounting seat 445 has a mounting seat 450 at the bottom for fixing the wedge member 440. The mounting seat 450 is an annular flange with an opening in the center. A fixing portion 446 for attaching the wedge member mounting seat 445 to a rod 457 of a clamping cylinder 455 is provided above the mounting seat 450, and is firmly fixed to the tip of the rod 457. A recess 452 is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the fixing portion 446 into which the flange portion 444 of the wedge member 440 fits. The wedge member 440 fits the flange portion 444 into the recess 452, and is bolted to the mounting seat 450 so as to be slidable in the radial direction.

A cylindrical portion 447 extending upward is provided on the inner peripheral edge of the fixing portion 446. The cylindrical portion 447 is parallel to the inner cylindrical portion 436 of the casing 432, and is arranged so that when the wedge member mounting seat 445 is attached to the rod 457 of the clamping cylinder 455, the inner peripheral surface 448 of the cylindrical portion 447 contacts the outer peripheral surface 438 of the inner cylindrical portion 436.

The clamping cylinder 455 is composed of two cylinders, and the base end of each cylinder body 456 is fixed to the underside of the upper flange portion 435 of the casing 432 at a position facing each other when viewed in the circumferential direction. In addition, a wedge member mounting seat 445 is attached to the tip of the rod 457 of the clamping cylinder 455.

When the clamping cylinder 455 is operated to protrude the rod 457, the wedge member mounting seat 445 moves downward while sliding the cylindrical inner circumferential surface 448 against the inner cylindrical outer circumferential surface 438. As a result, the wedge member 440 fixed to the wedge member mounting seat 445 moves away from the cylindrical portion 436 and enters an unclamped state.

When the clamping cylinder 455 is operated to retract the rod 457 toward the cylinder body 456, the wedge member mounting seat 445 moves upward while sliding the cylindrical inner circumferential surface 448 against the inner cylindrical outer circumferential surface 438. Accordingly, the wedge member 440 fixed to the wedge member mounting seat 445 moves upward while sliding the inclined surface 442 against the inclined surface 437 of the cylindrical portion 436, and is pushed radially inward. As a result, the inner circumferential surface 443 of the wedge member 440 is pressed against the outer circumferential surface 167 of the joint pipe 165, and the upper clamping means 431 engages with the joint pipe 165, resulting in a clamped state.

The connecting cylinder 461 is a member that connects the lower clamping means 401 and the upper clamping means 431 and expands or contracts the distance between them, and is composed of two connecting cylinders 461. The two connecting cylinders 461 are arranged in opposing positions between the clamping cylinders 425, 455 in a plan view. The base end of the cylinder body 462 of each connecting cylinder 461 is bolted to the upper surface of the lower flange 405 of the lower clamping means 401, and the tip of the rod 465 is bolted to the lower surface of the upper flange 435 of the upper clamping means 431 via a connecting plate 470.

As described above, by advancing the rod 465, the gap between the clamping means 401 and the upper clamping means 431 increases, and conversely, by retracting the rod 465, the gap between the clamping means 401 and the upper clamping means 431 decreases. In this embodiment, the base end of the cylinder body 462 is bolted to the upper surface of the lower flange 405, and the tip of the rod 465 is bolted to the lower surface of the upper flange 435, but the base end of the cylinder body 462 may be bolted to the lower surface of the upper flange 435, and the tip of the rod 465 may be bolted to the upper surface of the lower flange 405.

The control device 480 is a device that controls the operation of the clamping device 300 and the extraction device 400. The control device 480 is a programmable logic controller, a microcomputer, and has a program function, and controls the operation of the clamping cylinder 340 of the clamping device 300, the clamping cylinders 425, 455 of the extraction device 400, and the connecting cylinder 461 according to a preset procedure. Such a control device 480 is incorporated into the operation panel 502 in the facility that uses the dry vacuum construction method shown in FIG. 17.

The operation of the extraction device 400 will be described using Figure 21. The extraction device 400, with the rod 465 of the connecting cylinder 461 retracted, is inserted into the joint pipe 165 from the lower clamping means 401 side. This causes the upper flange portion 404 of the casing 402 of the lower clamping means 401 to hook onto the upper end 161 of the extension casing 160, and the extraction device 400 engages with the extension casing 160 (Figure 21 (A)).

In the state shown in FIG. 21(A), the clamp device 300 is in a clamped state, and the lower clamping means 401 and the upper clamping means 431 of the extraction device 400 are in an unclamped state. The clamping and unclamping of the clamp device 300, the lower clamping means 401, and the upper clamping means 431 are controlled by the control device 480.

Next, only the upper clamping means 431 is clamped (Figure 21 (B)). The rod 465 of the connecting cylinder 461 is then extended. This causes the cutter head 200, the excavator body 10, and the joint pipe 165 to be lifted together by the amount of extension of the rod 465 (Figure 21 (C)).

Then, the clamp device 300 and the lower clamp means 401 are put into a clamped state, and then the upper clamp means 431 is put into an unclamped state. In this state, the clamp device 300 and the lower clamp means 401 prevent the excavator body 10 and the like from falling (Figure 21 (D)).

Then, the rod 465 of the connecting cylinder 461 is retracted, and the upper clamping means 431 is pulled toward the lower clamping means 401 (Fig. 21(E)). After that, the upper clamping means 431 is clamped, and the clamping device 300 and the lower clamping means 401 are released. This state is the same as that shown in Fig. 21(B), and the operations shown in Figs. 21(B) to (E) are repeated thereafter, whereby the cutter head 200, the excavator body 10, and the joint pipe 165 can be pulled out as a unit from the casing 150 and the extension casing 160.

The features of the excavator 1 of the first embodiment described above will be explained while comparing it with a down-the-hole hammer. The excavator 1 of the first embodiment has in common with a down-the-hole hammer in that it can excavate hard ground such as bedrock layers because the cutter head 200 at the tip can be moved up and down while rotating. However, as explained below, the operation and effect differ from that of a down-the-hole hammer due to differences in the device structure.

In a down-the-hole hammer, the driving source (compressor) for striking is located on the ground, and the working medium, compressed air, is supplied to the hammer piston via a pipe. For this reason, as the drilling depth increases, the pressure loss in supplying the compressed air also increases, resulting in increased energy loss and poor energy efficiency. In addition, it is not easy to manage the pipes that supply the compressed air.

In contrast, the excavator 1 incorporates the cutter head 200 and the drive unit 65 for the cutter head 200 in the same casing 150, so the cutter head 200 and the drive unit 65 always move together. This allows the driving force of the drive unit 65 to be efficiently transmitted to the cutter head 200, and the energy transmission efficiency does not decrease even when the excavation depth increases. This makes the excavator 1 energy efficient and energy-saving.

The excavator 1 also uses a single motor 67 to rotate the cutter head 200 and perform impact, allowing the device to be made compact. Unlike down-the-hole hammers, the excavator 1 does not have a rotating casing (corresponding to a drilling pipe), so there is no need to install a rotating device on the ground to rotate the device body, allowing space to be saved. The excavator 1 is also safe because the casing does not rotate.

Down-the-hole hammers usually use compressed air after driving the hammer piston to eject excavated soil, etc., onto the ground, which can cause damage to the surrounding environment. In contrast, the excavator 1 discharges excavated soil, etc., onto the ground through a suction pipe or a mud discharge pipe, so there is no negative impact on the surrounding environment. In addition, the excavator 1 is easy to use because it allows you to select the excavation method depending on the construction site and soil type, as shown in Figures 17 and 18.

Down-the-hole hammers usually use compressed air to strike the hammer, which generates vibrations and noise that have a negative impact on the surrounding environment. In contrast, the excavator 1 has a vibration mechanism 20 built into the casing 150 that uses a rotating pendulum 30 to mechanically generate up and down motion, which moves the cutter head 200 up and down, so vibrations and noise on the ground are very small.

The excavator 1 also uses a rotating pendulum 30 to mechanically generate up and down motion, which provides a greater impact force than a piston.

Furthermore, the excavator 1 can excavate the ground efficiently because the cutter head 200 is equipped with a fixed bit 220 and an expandable bit 231. When the cutter head 200 moves up and down while rotating in the excavation direction, the fixed bit 210 attached to the fixed bit section 210 excavates the ground. At this time, the cutter head 200 moves up and down, exerting a striking force on the ground, making it possible to excavate even hard ground such as bedrock. The fixed bit section 210 has fixed bits 220 attached not only to the tip surface 212 but also to the side surface 213 and inclined surface 214, resulting in excellent excavation capacity.

In this embodiment, the cutter head 200 has a fixed bit 220 at the front and an expansion/contraction bit 231 at the rear. Therefore, before the expansion/contraction bit 231 begins excavation, a portion of the ground equal to the cross-sectional area of the fixed bit portion 210 has already been excavated, so the expansion/contraction bit 231 only excavates a small amount of ground. For this reason, it can be said that the burden on the expansion/contraction bit 231 is small.

As described above, the cutter head 200 of the first embodiment has multiple fixed bits 220 and reduced diameter bits 231, which work together to excavate the ground, allowing the ground to be excavated quickly. In addition, since the reduced diameter bits 231 are arranged behind the fixed bits 220, the cutter head 200 reduces the burden on the reduced diameter bits 231, allowing the ground to be excavated efficiently.

In addition, the cutter head 200 has the fixed bit 220 removably attached to the casing 211, so that the fixed bit 220 can be easily replaced and there is a high degree of freedom in the arrangement of the fixed bit 220. The expansion/contraction bit 231 can also be replaced. In addition, the carbide tip 221 of the fixed bit 220 is brazed to the base 222, and the carbide tip 236 of the expansion/contraction bit 231 is brazed to the body 232, so that even if the carbide tips 221, 236 wear out, they can be replaced economically. In addition, because the carbide tips 221, 236 are brazed, there is a high degree of freedom in the arrangement of the carbide tips 221, 236.

The cutter head 200 uses an expansion/contraction means 270 that uses a screw mechanism with a predetermined length to extend and retract the expansion/contraction bit 231. Therefore, the expansion/contraction bit 231 will not be in an expanded state unless the cutter head 200 rotates significantly in the excavation direction (forward rotation direction), and similarly, the expansion/contraction bit 231 will not be in a reduced state unless the cutter head 200 rotates significantly in the reverse direction.

The specified length of the screw mechanism that constitutes the expansion/contraction means 270 corresponds to when the expansion/contraction bit part 230 rotates approximately 300° relative to the connecting part 250. Therefore, even if the cutter head 200 gets caught on the ground and the direction of rotation changes slightly, it does not change from the expanded state to the contracted state or vice versa, allowing for stable excavation.

Furthermore, because the excavator body 10 of the excavator 1 is removably fixed to the casing 150 via the clamp device 300, the excavator body 10, as well as the cutter head 200 and clamp device 300 connected to the excavator body 10, can be pulled out and recovered from the casing 150 together with the excavator body 10. When the excavation depth is deep and an extension casing 160 and a joint pipe 165 are connected to the excavator 1, the joint pipe 165 can be pulled out and recovered together with the excavator body 10, and the casing 150 and extension casing 160 can be left in place.

As described above, the excavator 1 according to the present invention can excavate the ground and leave the casing 150 and the extension casing 160 in the excavated hole, so the casing 150 and the extension casing 160 can be used as buried pipes. In addition to pipes, steel pipe sheet piles can be used for the casing 150 and the extension casing 160. A steel pipe sheet pile has a cylindrical sheet pile body and a joint attached to the side of the body, so the cylindrical sheet pile body can be used as the casing 150 of the excavator 1. By using the excavator and excavation equipment according to the present invention, pipe-shaped members such as pipes and steel pipe sheet piles can be efficiently installed.

The excavation device 2 of the second embodiment is also equipped with an extraction device 400 that can extract and recover the cutter head 200, excavator body 10, clamp device 300, and joint pipe 165 from the casing 150 and extension casing 160 as a whole, eliminating the need for a crane or the like to extract the excavator body 10, etc. In order to use a crane or the like, it is necessary to secure a place to install it, but since the extraction device 400 is hooked onto the extension casing 160, there is no need to secure a special place to install it, making it easy to use in this respect as well.

The excavator 1 according to the present invention can excavate holes not only vertically but also at an angle to the ground. When an inclined hole is excavated at an angle and only the casing 150 and the extension casing 160 are left there and the excavator body 10 and other parts are pulled out and recovered, it is difficult to recover the excavator body 10 and other parts using a crane or the like. The excavator 2 of the second embodiment is equipped with an extraction device 400, so that even if the excavation hole is at an angle, only the casing 150 and the extension casing 160 are left there and the excavator body 10 and other parts can be easily recovered.

The above describes the excavator and excavation device according to the present invention using the excavator 1 of the first embodiment and the excavation device 2 of the second embodiment, but the excavator and excavation device according to the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments and can be modified and used within the scope that does not change the gist of the invention.

A suitable excavator and excavation equipment have been described with reference to the drawings, but a person skilled in the art would easily imagine various changes and modifications within the obvious scope upon reading this specification. Therefore, such changes and modifications are to be interpreted as being within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 Excavator 2 Excavator device 10 Excavator body 20 Vibration mechanism 21 Vibration means 24 Cutter head mounting portion 55 Rotation mechanism 65 Drive device 67 Motor 70 Reducer 105 Pipe chamber 150 Casing 160 Extension casing 165 Joint pipe 200 Cutter head 300 Clamping device 400 Extraction device 401 Lower clamping means 404 Upper flange portion 431 Upper clamping means 461 Connecting cylinder 480 Control device M Central axis

Claims (9)

An excavator that excavates by rotating and advancing a cutter head equipped with an expandable bit attached to the tip,
A pipe-shaped casing;
an excavator body including a mounting seat for the cutter head, the excavator body being mounted on the casing and driving the cutter head;
a clamp device for detachably connecting the excavator body and the casing;
Equipped with
An excavator characterized in that the cutter head, the excavator body and the clamp device can be pulled out integrally from the casing by releasing the clamp of the clamp device. The excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a cutter head equipped with an expandable bit for excavating the ground, which expands and contracts depending on the direction of rotation. The excavator body includes:
A vibration mechanism that imparts a striking force to the cutter head;
A rotation mechanism that rotates the cutter head;
a drive device for driving the vibration mechanism and the rotation mechanism, the drive device including a motor and a reducer having a plurality of output shafts connected to an output shaft of the motor and rotating at different rotation speeds;
3. An excavator according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: The excavator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the casing is a pipe or a steel pipe sheet pile. The excavator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the excavator is a leader, and an extension casing and a joint pipe that assembles piping are connected to the rear end of the excavator in sequence according to the excavation depth. the excavator body is provided at its rear end with a piping chamber for connecting the joint pipe,
6. The excavator according to claim 5, wherein the clamp device is disposed between an outer circumferential surface of the piping chamber and an inner circumferential surface of the casing. An excavator according to claim 1 or 2;
an extracting device that extracts the cutter head, the excavator body, and the clamping device from the casing as a whole;
A drilling device comprising: An excavator according to claim 5;
an extracting device that extracts the cutter head, the excavator body, and the clamping device from the casing as a whole;
Equipped with
The extraction device comprises:
a lower clamping means and an upper clamping means detachably connected to the joint pipe;
a connecting cylinder connected to the lower clamping means and the upper clamping means for expanding and contracting a distance between the lower clamping means and the upper clamping means;
Equipped with
11. A drilling rig, wherein the lower clamping means is provided with a locking means for locking onto the upper end of the extension casing. The excavation device according to claim 8, further comprising a control means for controlling the clamping and unclamping of the clamping device, the clamping and unclamping of the lower clamping means, the clamping and unclamping of the upper clamping means, and the extension and retraction of the connecting cylinder.

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