JP4076564B1 - Excavator for underground excavation, rotary excavator and underground excavation method - Google Patents

Abstract

An underground excavation apparatus, a rotary excavator, and an underground excavation method capable of excavation work with low vibration and low noise are provided.
[Solution]
The excavation device 1 for underground excavation has an outer diameter smaller than that of the excavation device main body 2, and hits each bit 42a,... By a plurality of bits 42a,. A piston case member 22b that houses a piston 61 that applies force, a fluid reservoir 30 that stores a working fluid sent to each piston case member 22b,..., And each piston case member 22b. In order to send the working fluid from the fluid reservoir 30 to the circulation ports 3a of the respective working fluid circulation channels 352,... ,... Are provided with a plurality of communication holes 4a,.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

The present invention relates to an excavation apparatus for underground excavation, a rotary excavator, and an underground excavation method.
More particularly, the present invention relates to an excavation apparatus for underground excavation, a rotary excavator, and an underground excavation method that enable excavation work with low vibration and low noise.

In the field of civil engineering and architecture, an excavator called “down the hole hammer” is used for excavating hard ground mainly containing rock, rocks, concrete, and the like. A down-the-hole hammer moves a hammer bit at the tip up and down by supplying compressed air and driving an internal piston, and performs excavation by hitting the hammer bit (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-328983 (FIG. 1)

  There is also a drilling device called an “earth auger” that drills holes with a spiral cone, but the earth auger is more suitable for drilling hard ground where rock, rocks, concrete, etc. are present, compared to the down-the-hole hammer described above. Is not suitable.

  As shown in FIG. 1 of Patent Document 1, in the conventional down-the-hole hammer, the hammer bit having the same diameter as the hole to be drilled is moved up and down to hit the ground. Large and severe noise and vibration occurred during excavation. For this reason, for example, it is not suitable for use in a densely populated house or an office district in an urban area where work with lower vibration and noise is desired.

  As described above, in a place where low vibration and low noise work is strongly desired, it is one of the most important issues to prevent noise and vibration. It is also important to improve the efficiency of excavation work and shorten the number of construction days in places where there is no space (such as a place with a lot of residences or a place away from the office district). In other words, it is possible to reduce the cost by shortening the construction days, and also lead to shortening the days of occurrence of vibration and noise damage on the periphery of the site.

(Object of the present invention)
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an excavation apparatus for underground excavation, a rotary excavator, and an underground excavation method that can perform excavation work with low vibration and low noise.

Another object of the present invention is an excavation apparatus for underground excavation, which can excavate with low vibration and low noise, and can reduce the number of work days required for excavation by increasing the efficiency of excavation, and a rotary type It is to provide excavator and underground excavation method.
Other objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.

Means taken by the present invention to achieve the above object are as follows.
In addition, although the code | symbol used in drawing is described using the parenthesis in order to help the understanding of description of the effect | action mentioned later, each component is not limited to the thing of drawing description.

The present invention has a plurality of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) whose outer diameter is smaller than that of the excavator body (2) and advances and retreats to the excavation side,
A plurality of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) are accommodated in the excavator body (2) corresponding to the number of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) A piston case member (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) containing a piston (61) that gives impact force to
A fluid reservoir (30) for storing the working fluid sent to each piston case member (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b);
A plurality of the piston case members (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) are provided corresponding to the number of the piston case members (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b), and the working fluid sent to each piston case member (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) passes through. Distribution channels (352,352,352,352,352) and
In order to send the working fluid from the fluid reservoir (30) to the flow ports (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) of the respective working fluid flow paths (352, 352, 352, 352, 352), the fluid reservoir (30) and the flow ports (3a, A rotating body (40) provided with a plurality of communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) for communicating 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e);
Have
The flow port (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) rotates the rotating body (40) so that the bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) are driven to strike while shifting the time. The communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) are provided along the direction to prevent communication with the same opening at the same time as each flow port (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e). It is provided along the rotation direction with an arrangement different from the arrangement of each circulation port (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) ,
The rotating body (40) is a working fluid that communicates the fluid reservoir (30) and the respective circulation ports (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) separately from the communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e). A supply hole (46) is provided, and the working fluid supply hole (46) supplies a part of the working fluid necessary for giving a striking force to the bit (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e). An excavator for underground excavation having an inner diameter smaller than that of the communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) .

The present invention has a plurality of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) whose outer diameter is smaller than that of the excavator body (2) and advances and retreats to the excavation side,
A plurality of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) are accommodated in the excavator body (2) corresponding to the number of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) A piston case member (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) containing a piston (61) that gives impact force to
A fluid reservoir (30) for storing the working fluid sent to each piston case member (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b);
A plurality of the piston case members (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) are provided corresponding to the number of the piston case members (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b), and the working fluid sent to each piston case member (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) passes through. Distribution channels (352,352,352,352,352) and
In order to send the working fluid from the fluid reservoir (30) to the flow ports (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) of the respective working fluid flow paths (352, 352, 352, 352, 352), the fluid reservoir (30) and the flow ports (3a, A rotating body (40) provided with a plurality of communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) for communicating 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e);
Have
The flow port (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) rotates the rotating body (40) so that the bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) are driven to strike while shifting the time. The communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) are provided along the direction to prevent communication with the same opening at the same time as each flow port (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e). It is provided along the rotation direction with an arrangement different from the arrangement of each circulation port (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) ,
The rotating body (40) includes a working fluid receiving blade (45) for receiving the working fluid and rotating the rotating body (40).
The rotating body (40) is a working fluid that communicates the fluid reservoir (30) and the respective circulation ports (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) separately from the communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e). A supply hole (46) is provided, and the working fluid supply hole (46) supplies a part of the working fluid necessary for giving a striking force to the bit (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e). An excavator for underground excavation having an inner diameter smaller than that of the communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) .

  The present invention is provided with a plurality of bits (41, 42b, 42e) that are driven separately and independently from a plurality of bits (42a, 42c, 42d) that are driven to strike while shifting the time. The working fluid flow path (352, 352, 352, 352, 352) of each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b) corresponding to the bit (41, 42b, 42e) that is driven by the fluid reservoir without being controlled by the rotating body (40) It is a drilling device for underground excavation that is always in communication with (30).

  The present invention provides a working fluid guide member (8) that receives the working fluid supplied to the fluid storing section (30) and guides it to the circulation ports (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) to the fluid storing section (30). ) Is an excavation device for underground excavation.

  According to the present invention, the excavator body (2) is provided with an anti-vibration material and / or a soundproof material (230) so as to surround each piston case member (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b). A drilling device for excavation.

The present invention is a rotary excavator comprising the excavator (1) (1a) described above and a rotary drive device (5) capable of giving a rotary motion to the excavator (1) (1a). is there.

  The present invention is an underground excavation method using the excavator (1) (1a) described above, characterized in that the excavator (1) (1a) performs underground excavation while giving a rotational motion. The underground excavation method.

  As the “working fluid” in the present specification and claims, a gas such as air (for example, compressed air) or a liquid such as water or oil can be employed.

  The number of working fluid flow passages provided along the rotation direction of the rotating body and the number of communicating holes of the rotating body may prevent the communicating holes from communicating with each other at the same opening degree as the respective opening. If possible, the number may be the same or different (more or less).

Examples of the arrangement of the communication hole and the circulation port for preventing the communication hole from communicating with each circulation port at the same opening degree include the following cases.
If the number of communication holes and circulation ports is the same, one of the communication holes and circulation ports can be arranged at equal intervals, and the other of the communication holes and circulation ports can be arranged at an interval, not equal intervals. Further, both of them may be shifted without being arranged at equal intervals. Further, when the number of communication holes and the number of flow ports are different, both may be arranged at equal intervals depending on the number. For example, in contrast to the five flow holes provided at equal intervals along the rotation direction of the rotating body, when six communication holes are provided, the communication holes are provided even if the communication holes are arranged at equal intervals. It is possible to prevent communication at the same opening as the circulation port.

  The term “vibration-proof material or / and sound-proof material” as used in the present specification and claims may include either one of the vibration-proof material or the sound-proof material, or both of the vibration-proof material and the sound-proof material ( In some cases, including those having both anti-vibration and sound-proofing effects).

(Work)
The excavation apparatus for underground excavation according to the present invention has a plurality of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) having an outer diameter smaller than that of the excavation apparatus main body (2) and moving forward and backward to the excavation side. Acts as follows.

(A) When the rotating body (40) rotates, the fluid storage section (30) and each operation through the plurality of communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) provided in the rotating body (40) The fluid piston passages (352, 352, 352, 352, 352) communicate with the flow ports (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e). Thus, the working fluid is sent from the fluid reservoir (30) to each working fluid piston path (352, 352, 352, 352, 352). As a result, an impact force is applied to each bit (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) by the piston (61) built in each piston case member (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b), and each bit (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) move forward and backward to the excavation side of the excavator body (2) to perform excavation.

  Further, in the present invention, each of the circulation ports (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) rotates the rotating body (40) so that it can communicate with the communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e). In order to prevent the communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) from communicating with the same opening at the same time as the respective flow ports (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) The distribution ports (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) are arranged in a different arrangement. This prevents the working fluid having the same flow rate from being simultaneously sent from the fluid reservoir (30) to the piston case members (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b). As a result, each bit (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) is driven to strike while shifting the time. Therefore, the impact of the ground which is received for each impact of each bit (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) is small.

(B) In the case where the rotating body (40) is provided with the working fluid receiving blade (45) for receiving the working fluid and rotating the rotating body (40), the rotating body (40) receives no power from others. Rotate by itself. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the structure from becoming complicated and the number of parts from increasing as compared with the case where other power is provided.

(C) The rotating body (40) communicates the fluid reservoir (30) and the respective circulation ports (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) separately from the communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e). The one provided with the working fluid supply hole (46) has a working fluid supply hole (46) having an inner diameter smaller than that of the communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) as the rotating body (40) rotates. The working fluid is sent from the fluid reservoir (30) to the flow port (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) through the above-mentioned standby state before giving an impact force to the bit (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e). The piston (61) moves to the state. As a result, when the communication hole (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) communicates with the flow port (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e), the bit (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) is quickly hit. Drive and dig smoothly.

(D) Separately from the plurality of bits (42a, 42c, 42d) that are driven to strike while shifting the time from each other, those that are provided with a plurality of bits (41, 42b, 42e) that are driven simultaneously at the same time Since a large number of driven bits (41, 42b, 42e) can apply a large impact force to the ground at the same time, the work efficiency of excavation is higher than when all the bits are driven to hit each other while shifting the time. Is expensive.

(E) In the case where the working fluid guide member (8) is provided in the fluid storage section (30), the working fluid guide member (8) receives the working fluid supplied to the fluid storage section (30) and receives a flow port ( 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e), and the working fluid is sent to each communication hole (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) of the rotating body (40) equally or as evenly as possible. As a result, it is possible to prevent the working fluid sent to each piston case member (22a, 22b) from becoming uneven, and as a result, the impact force for each bit (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) can be as much as possible. The same excavation surface can be hit equally.

(F) If the excavator body (2) is provided with a vibration-proofing material and / or a sound-proofing material (230) so as to surround the piston case (22), vibration and sound generated when the piston is driven are vibration-proofed. The material or / and soundproofing material (230) is relaxed.

The rotary excavator according to the present invention performs excavation work while applying a rotational motion to the excavator (1) (1a) by the rotation drive device (5). By giving the rotational motion, the excavation position of the bid (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) included in the excavator (1) (1a) moves with respect to the excavation surface. Thereby, the bid (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) hits the entire excavation surface evenly.

The present invention has the above-described configuration and has the following effects.
(A) According to the excavation apparatus for underground excavation according to the present invention, the respective bits are driven to hit each other with the time shifted by the action of the rotating body. Therefore, compared to the conventional down-the-hole hammer that hits the ground by moving a hammer bit of the same diameter as the hole to be drilled, the impact of the ground received by each bit hit is small, low vibration, low noise Excavation work can be done with. Therefore, it is suitable for use in a densely populated residential area or an urban office area where work with lower vibration and noise is desired.
Conventionally, it has been necessary to drive a hammer bit having the same large diameter as the hole to be drilled, so inevitably a large amount of air is required to move the hammer bit up and down, and a relatively large air compressor is required. Met. On the other hand, in the present invention, since a relatively small bit may be driven, a consumption amount of a working fluid (for example, air) for advancing and retreating one bit is small, and as a result, a supply device that supplies the working fluid (For example, when the working fluid is air, the air compressor) can be reduced in size. Therefore, the installation area of the supply device is small, and it is suitable for construction in a limited space such as a densely populated house or an urban office district. Further, since the supply device can be downsized, the drive means such as an engine for driving the supply device can be downsized, so that vibration and noise generated from the drive means can be suppressed to a low level.

(B) When the rotating body is provided with a working fluid receiving blade for receiving the working fluid and rotating the rotating body, the rotating body rotates by itself without receiving power from others. Compared with the case where it exists, it can prevent that a structure becomes complicated or the number of parts increases.

(C) In the case where the rotating body is provided with a working fluid supply hole that communicates the fluid storage part and each flow port separately from the communication hole, the bit is driven quickly and can be smoothly excavated. .

(D) Bits that are driven to strike while shifting the time from each other are those that have a plurality of bits that are driven separately and driven simultaneously. Therefore, excavation work efficiency is high. In addition, since a plurality of bits that are driven to strike while shifting the time from each other are provided, the number of work days required for excavation work can be shortened compared to a case where all the bits are driven to strike while shifting the time.

(E) In the case where the working fluid guide member is provided in the fluid reservoir, the excavation surface can be hit evenly with the impact force of each bit being the same or the same as much as possible.

(F) In the case where the excavator body is provided with a vibration-proof material and / or a sound-proof material so as to surround the piston case, it is more effective that the vibration and sound generated when the piston is driven leak or propagate to the outside. Can be prevented.

(G) According to the rotary excavator and the underground excavation method according to the present invention, excavation work with low vibration and low noise can be performed by using the excavator having the above-described effect while providing rotational motion. .

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention, this invention is not limited to these.

1 to 9 are views for explaining a first embodiment of an excavation apparatus for underground excavation according to the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a perspective explanatory view of the excavator according to the present embodiment as viewed from the front end side.
2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional explanatory view of the excavator shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the excavator shown in FIG. 1, in which the air tank member and the excavation bit member removed from the air tank member are disassembled. In FIG. 3, the base side (upper side) of the air tank member 3 is not shown.
FIG. 4 is a side view illustrating the internal structure of the piston case member housed in the excavation bit member in a longitudinal section, and shows the state in which the built-in piston moves up and down (advance and retreat). (a) to (d) show with time.

FIG. 5 is a perspective explanatory view showing a fluid guide member arranged in an air tank member of the excavator shown in FIG.
6 is a perspective explanatory view showing a rotating body disposed inside the fluid guide member shown in FIG.
FIG. 7 is a plan view explanatory diagram showing an internal structure including a rotating body by cross-sectioning the fluid guide member shown in FIG. 5 in the horizontal direction;
FIGS. 8A to 8D are partially abbreviated explanatory views showing the rotation state of the rotating body shown in FIG. 7 over time, and FIG. 8A corresponds to the state shown in FIG. Yes. In FIG. 8, the air receiving blade 45 and the air supply hole 46 shown in FIG. 7 are omitted.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory side view showing a rotary excavator mainly composed of an excavator and a rotary drive device.

A rotary excavator 6 shown in FIG. 9 includes the excavator 1 for underground excavation shown in FIG. 1 and a rotary drive device 5 that can give the excavator 1 a rotational motion.
First, the excavator 1 will be described, and then the rotary drive device 5 will be described.

[Excavator 1]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the entire excavator 1 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape. The excavator 1 includes an excavation bit member 2 that is an excavator body located on the excavation side (front side) and an air tank member 3 that is a working fluid storage member located on the base side.

  The excavation bit member 2 includes a plurality (six in this embodiment) of bits 41, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, and 42e on the tip side. Each bit 41, 42a,... Is provided in a plurality smaller than the excavation bit member 2. As shown in FIG. 9 to be described later, the excavator 1 is used in a state where each bit 41, 42,... The

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, each bit 41, 42 a,... Has a central bit 41 provided at one position in the axial center of the excavation bit member 2 and a circle centered on the central bit 41. It consists of peripheral bits 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, and 42e provided at five locations at equal intervals (around the central bit 41) on the circumference. As will be described later, the central bit 41 has a circular head portion, whereas the peripheral bits 42a,... Have a substantially triangular head portion.

  The peripheral bits 42a,... Are configured so as to be driven to strike at different times rather than simultaneously. On the other hand, the central bit 41 is driven to hit independently of the hitting operation of the other peripheral bits 42a,.

  The air tank member 3 is detachably connected to the base side of the excavation bit member 2 by bolts 31 and nuts 32 (not visible in FIG. 1, see FIG. 2), which are fixing tools. As shown in FIG. 2, the air tank member 3 includes an air storage portion 30 that can store air, which is a working fluid that drives each bit 41, 42 a,.

  Hereinafter, the constituent members of the excavator 1 will be described in detail in order.

(Drilling bit member 2)
As shown in FIG. 3, the excavation bit member 2 includes, in order from the top, a piston case member 22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, which includes a connecting member 21 and houses driving means including a piston. A case mounting body 23, a drive chuck 24, a chuck guide 25, bits 41, 42a,.

  Each piston case member 22a, 22b,... Has a cylindrical piston case body 220 made of metal. The connection body 21 is screwed to the base end portion (upper part in FIG. 3) of each piston case main body 220. Each bit 41, 42a,... Is connected to the tip (lower part in FIG. 3) of each piston case main body 220 via a drive chuck 24 and a chuck guide 25. Each piston case member 22a, 22b is provided in the same number as each bit 41, 42a,... (In this embodiment, a plurality of, six in total).

  Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the piston case member 22a corresponding to the central bit 41 is referred to as “central piston case member 22a”, and the piston case member 22b corresponding to each peripheral bit 42a,. 22b ".

  Please refer to FIG. In FIG. 4, one central piston case member 22 a is accommodated in the excavation bit member, but the other peripheral piston case member 22 b is the same or substantially the same structure except that the shape of the bit 41 is different. The piston 61 reciprocates in the same manner.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the piston case main body 220 incorporates (accommodates) drive means including a piston 61 that operates the bit 41. That is, in addition to the piston 61, the piston case main body 220 includes a cylinder 62, a check valve 63, an air distributor 64 (rigid valve), a valve spring 65, a foot valve 66, a make-up ring, an O-ring, a piston retainer ring, a bit. Retainer ring etc. are provided. Since this driving means is the same as or roughly the same as a known down-the-hole hammer driving mechanism (for example, described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-92288), detailed description thereof is omitted.

With reference to FIGS. 4A to 4D, this drive mechanism will be briefly described.
First, in a state where the excavator 1 before excavation shown in FIG. 9 is suspended, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the bit 41 at the tip protrudes to the tip of the piston case member 22a by its own weight. ing. In this state, the front peripheral surface portion of the piston 61 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the piston case main body 220, and the air introduced from the air hose 351 does not travel to the front side of the piston 61 (is not sent). As a result, the piston 61 does not rise (does not move to the base side of the piston case main body 220), and the bit 41 is in a drive stopped state.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 4B, when the excavation device 1 in the suspended state is lowered until the bit 41 comes into contact with the excavation surface L that is the ground (or the ground contact surface), the bit 41 is caused by its own weight. Moves into the piston case main body 220. As a result, air flows from the gap formed between the front peripheral surface portion of the piston 61 and the inner peripheral surface of the piston case main body 220 to the lower side of the piston 61, and FIG. 4 (c) and FIG. 4 (d). The piston 61 is pushed up at a high speed as shown in FIG.

  Thereafter, when the piston 61 rises to a required position, the front-side peripheral surface portion of the piston 61 comes into contact with the inner peripheral surface of the piston case main body 220 again, and air does not travel to the front-end side of the piston 61. As a result, the air travels to the upper side of the piston 61, and the pushed-up piston 61 is pushed down at a high speed, and strikes the base side of the bit 41 at the tip as shown in FIG. As a result, the air that has entered from the foot valve 66 passes through the inside of the bit 41 and is discharged from the front side of the bit 41, and the bit 41 protrudes to the tip and is driven to hit. Due to the impact force caused by the reciprocating motion of the piston 61 up and down, the excavation side bit 41 (and the bit 42a of the other piston case member 22b) advances and retreats and digs into the ground. The advance / retreat stroke of each bit 41, 42 is, for example, about 1 to 3 cm.

  Each bit 41, 42a,... Strikes and vibrates at a high speed (moves up and down or moves back and forth) to excavate the ground. For example, per bit, the driving is performed 1200 to 1300 times per minute and the entire bit is driven 7200 to 7800 times per minute. In addition, even if the same excavator 1 is used, the number of hits per hour varies depending on the hardness of the formation that is the excavation target. In the case of a hard stratum, the bits 41, 42a,... After returning to the ground quickly return, and the vertical movement of the piston 61 follows this, so that each bit 41, 42a,. The number of times increases.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the connection body 21 located at the base end portion of each piston case main body 220 has a hole 211 (not visible in FIG. 3) that is a path of the working fluid, and the base end side has a convex cross section. Is formed. The convex portion constitutes the insertion portion 222, and the insertion portion 222 is inserted into the air tank member 3 and attached. Then, the drive means in each piston case member 22 is driven by the air sent from the air tank member 3 through the insertion portion 222 of the connection body 21.

  Each of the piston case members 22a, 22b,... (6 in total in this embodiment) is detachably attached to a piston case attachment body 23 (see FIG. 3) which is a substantially cylindrical attachment body. The piston case mounting body 23 includes a cylindrical main body 231 (see FIG. 2), and a cover body 233 (hereinafter referred to as a “front cover body 233”) fixed to an opening on the front side of the cylindrical main body 231. The cover body 234 is mainly composed of a cover body 234 (hereinafter referred to as “base cover body 234”) fixed to the opening on the base side of the cylindrical main body 231.

  Furthermore, a piston case casing 232 (see FIG. 2), which is a cylindrical and elongated casing, is accommodated inside the piston case attachment body 23. The piston case main body 220 is attached to the piston case casing 232 in the inserted state. The piston case casing 232 is provided in the same number as the piston case main body 220, and the axial direction of the piston case casing 232 is the same as the longitudinal direction of the piston case attachment body 23.

  The front cover body 233 has a required thickness, and is provided with insertion holes 235 that are holes for inserting the piston case member 22. Similarly, the base cover body 234 has a required thickness and is provided with insertion holes 236 (see FIG. 2) that are holes for inserting the piston case members 22a and 22b. In the present embodiment, the insertion holes 235 and 236 are provided at six locations in total, one at the center and five at regular intervals on the circumference centered on the center.

  As shown in FIG. 2, each of the piston case casings 232 is fixed and accommodated in the cylindrical main body 231 while being sandwiched between the upper and lower cover bodies 233 and 234. A hole (reference numeral omitted) on the tip end side of the piston case casing 232 communicates with the insertion hole 235 of the front cover body 233. A hole (reference numeral omitted) on the base end side of the piston case casing 232 communicates with the insertion hole 236 of the base cover body 234.

  Furthermore, the gap 230 formed between the piston case main bodies 220 and 220 in the piston case mounting body 23 (cylindrical main body 231) is filled with sand 230 (see FIG. 2) as a vibration isolating material and / or a sound insulating material. Has been.

  In addition, the front end portion of each piston case main body 220 partially protrudes from the front cover body 233. The base end side of the substantially cylindrical drive chuck 24 shown in FIG. 3 is attached to the hole (not shown) of the protruding portion in a state where it is slightly pushed. The base side of each of the bits 41, 42a,... Is housed in the hole 241 on the distal end side of the drive chuck 24 via the chuck guide 25 so as to freely advance and retract.

  The chuck guide 25 has a substantially circular shape in plan view and has a required thickness, and is fixed to the tip of the piston case mounting body 23 (the front cover body 233). For fixing the chuck guide 25, a bolt 251 as a fixing tool and a nut 252 (shown on the left side of the piston case mounting body 23 in FIG. 3) mounted from the piston case mounting body 23 side are used.

  On the front side of the chuck guide 25, a circular concave portion 253 in the bottom view and a required number of concave portions 254 that are V-shaped grooves in the bottom view are provided radially so as to surround the concave portion 253. A central bit 41 having a head portion 411 having a circular shape in a bottom view is disposed in the recess 253. In each recess 254, a peripheral bit 42a provided with a head portion 421 having a substantially triangular shape when viewed from the bottom is disposed. A number of cemented carbide button tips 412 are provided on the head portions 411, 421 of the respective bits 41, 42a,.

  The chuck guide 25 is provided with an attachment hole 255 which is an attachment portion composed of the same number of holes as the respective bits 41, 42a,. The attachment hole 255 is located in the recess 253 and the recess 254 described above. The tip of the drive chuck 24 is fitted into the base side of the mounting hole 255. The drive chuck 24 has a hexagonal nut-shaped detent 242, and a hexagonal recess 256 (see FIG. 2) into which the detent 242 is fitted is formed in the mounting hole 255 of the chuck guide 25.

  The base side of each bit 41, 42a,... Is formed as a spline shaft, and the base side is fitted from the tip of the mounting hole 255, so that a groove for engaging irregularities (not shown) is formed on the inner peripheral wall. It is mounted inside the formed drive chuck 24. The base side of each bit 41, 42a,... Is mounted so as not to be detached from the drive chuck 24 side by the above-described bit retainer ring and O-ring.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a required number of flat bars 26 that are protrusions along the axial direction are provided on the outer periphery of the piston case attachment body 23. In this embodiment, a plurality of flat bars 26 (six places in total) are provided at a required interval in the circumferential direction. The crushed bedrock and earth and sand (slime) generated in the hole excavated during the excavation work of the ground are the hole and flat bar excavated by the air injected from the front side of the excavation bit member 2 (chuck guide 25). It is sent to the ground surface through a gap between 26 and 26.

(Air tank member 3)
A connecting joint 34 for introducing air projects from the base end portion (upper end portion in FIG. 2) of the air tank member 3. Air introduced from the connection joint 34 is stored in the air storage unit 30 in the air tank member 3. Reference numeral 340 indicates a blowing hole of the connection joint 34.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a connecting body 33 for connecting to the base end portion of the excavation bit member 2 (the insertion portion 222 side of each piston case member 22 a) is provided on the front side of the air tank member 3. Yes. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, the air storage part 30 is provided in the inside of the base part side (upper side in FIG. 2) from the connection body 33. As shown in FIG. The air storage unit 30 is partitioned from the connecting body 33 side by a partition 300 formed of a plate-like body having a circular shape in plan view.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a required number of connection holes 331 are provided at the front portion of the connection body 33. As shown in FIG. 2, one end portion (lower end portion in FIG. 2) of each air hose 351, 352 is inserted into the insertion portion 222 of the piston case member 22 a,. It is connected.

  The other end portions (upper end portions in FIG. 2) of the air hoses 351 and 352 are the partition holes 3a, 3c, 3d, 3e, and 3f (broken lines in FIG. 7) that are working fluid circulation holes formed in the partition body 300. Respectively). Each partition hole 3a,... And each air hose 351, 352 constitutes a working fluid piston path for sending the working fluid to each piston case member 22a, 22b.

  Although not all air hoses are shown in FIG. 2, the air hoses are provided corresponding to the total number of piston case members 22a and 22b (the same number as the piston case members 22a and 22b, six in this embodiment). Yes. In the present embodiment, the coupling body 33 in which the air hoses 351 and 352 are accommodated is a hollow, generally cylindrical body as a whole, but may be formed in a solid shape.

  In this embodiment, each of the partition holes 3a,... Shown by broken lines in FIG. Each partition hole 3a, ... is provided corresponding to the number of each piston case member 22a, 22b, .... That is, as shown by a broken line in FIG. 7, a partition hole 3f (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “center partition hole 3f”) is provided at the center of the partition body 300, and the center partition hole 3f is the center. 5 are provided at equal intervals on the circumference of the area 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e (hereinafter may be referred to as “each peripheral partition hole 3a”).

  An air hose 351 (see FIG. 2; hereinafter referred to as “central air hose 351”) led out from the central piston case member 22a corresponding to the central bit 41 shown in FIG. 1 is connected to the central partition hole 3f. The remaining peripheral partition holes 3a,... Surrounding the central partition hole 3f are air hoses 352 derived from the piston case member 22b corresponding to the peripheral bits 42a,. "Ambient air hose 352") is connected to each other. Each of the peripheral air hoses 352 has the same inner diameter and length.

  Further, a rotating body 40 (see also FIG. 6) that rotates by receiving air in the air storage unit 30 is provided on the air storage unit 30 side in FIG. The rotating body 40 is provided in contact with the partition body 300. Details of the rotating body 40 will be described later.

(Air guide member 8)
The rotating body 40 shown in FIG. 6 is disposed inside an air guide member 8 that is a working fluid guide member shaped like a bowl shown in FIGS. 2 and 5. The air guide member 8 includes an air guide receiving portion 81 that is a hemispherical (ball-shaped) working fluid guide receiving portion that receives air from the blowing hole 340 of the connection joint 34, and a substantially conical cone that supports the air guide receiving portion 81. It has the rotary body container 82 comprised with a wall part. In the present embodiment, the base end portion 823 (lower end portion in FIG. 2) of the rotating body container 82 is fixed near the peripheral edge portion of the partition 300, but directly or indirectly to the inner wall surface 304 of the air reservoir 30. Can also be fixed.

  The rotating body container 82 shown in FIG. 5 has a required number of intake portions 821 and 822 for taking air into the rotating body container 82. In the present embodiment, the intake portions 821 and 822 include an intake hole 821 provided on the front side (the upper side in FIG. 5) of the rotating body container 82 and the base side (the lower side in FIG. 5). It is comprised by the intake pipe 822 provided in the side.

  Three intake holes 821 (see also FIG. 2) are provided at three equal intervals along the circumferential surface direction of the rotating body container 82. Each intake hole 821 is provided so as to be inclined downward in FIG. 2 so as to be discharged toward the internal rotating body 40. As shown in FIG. 7, the intake pipe 822 rotates smoothly with the rotation of the rotating body 40 by applying air to semicircular air receiving blades 45 (see also FIG. 6), which will be described later. Thus, it is provided with a slight inclination so as to follow the rotation direction of the rotating body 40. Further, the intake pipe 822 is provided to be inclined slightly downward in FIG.

  With such a configuration, the air supplied from the blowing hole 340 of the connection joint 34 shown at the top in FIG. 2 hits the receiving portion 81 of the air guide member 8 and then rebounds along the concave surface of the receiving portion 81. Furthermore, it returns to the rotating body container 82 side so as to draw an arc, passes through the intake hole 821 and the intake pipe 822, and is sent to the rotating body 40 side.

(Rotating body 40)
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the rotating body 40 includes a rotating plate 43 that is circular in plan view, and a cylindrical rotating shaft 4 f that is a shaft portion that rotatably supports the rotating plate 43. As shown in FIG. 2, the rotating shaft 4 f is rotatably inserted into the central partition hole 3 f (see also FIG. 7) at the center of the partition body 300 and has a structure that does not come out of the central partition hole 3 f.

As described above, the central air hose 351 is connected to the central partition hole 3f (see FIG. 2). Thereby, the air storage part 30 and the center air hose 351 are in the state which always connected via the rotating shaft 4f. Therefore, the air in the air reservoir 30 is continuously sent to the central air hose 351 to drive the piston 61 in the central piston case member 22a, whereby the central bit 41 is separated from the peripheral bits 42a,. It is driven by striking independently.
Reference numeral 301 denotes a rolling element of a ball bearing (ball bearing hole).

FIG. 10 is a partially enlarged explanatory view showing another embodiment of the rotating body shown in FIG.
In the rotating body 40 shown in FIG. 6, the rotating shaft 4f and the rotating plate 43 are integrated, and rotate together. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 10, it can also comprise so that the rotating plate 43a may rotate centering | focusing on the axial part 44a fixed to the division body 300. As shown in FIG.

  In this case, the shaft portion 44a is lengthened and the other end portion 441 (the lower end portion in FIG. 10) is connected by being inserted into the hole 211 of the central piston case member 22a, and the tip of the rotating shaft 4g is connected to the head of the bolt. It can be formed to have a diameter larger than that of the partition hole 3f like a portion. Reference numeral 302 denotes a rolling element of the ball bearing.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the rotating plate 43 includes an air storing portion 30 (the air storing portion 30 is located on the paper surface side of the rotating plate 43 in FIG. 7) and each peripheral partition hole 3 a indicated by a broken line. , 3b, 3c, 3d, and 3e to control the opening degree of each of the surrounding partition holes 3a,... Is provided. The rotation plate 43 has rotation holes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, and 4e that allow the air storage portion 30 to communicate with the peripheral partition holes 3a,. Each rotation hole 4a, ... constitutes a communication path through which air flows.

  As shown in FIG. 6, each of the rotation holes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, and 4e is required at a predetermined interval (along the rotation direction of the rotating body 40) on the circumference centered on the rotation shaft 4f. A number are arranged. In this embodiment, each rotation hole 4a,... Is provided in five locations corresponding to the number of peripheral piston case members 22b,. Each rotation hole 4a is composed of a circular hole, and has the same inner diameter as each of the peripheral partition holes 3a,.

  Each of the rotation holes 4a,... And the peripheral partition holes 3a,... Can be an oval (elliptical) hole in a plan view, or a rectangular or rectangular shape. It is also possible to make holes of other shapes such as. Furthermore, the inner diameter of each rotation hole 4a can be made larger than the inner diameter of the peripheral partition hole 3a, and vice versa.

  The rotation holes 4a,... Rotate so that the opening degree of the rotation holes 40a,... Gradually increases from the rotation holes 4a,. It is arranged along the rotation direction of the body 40 at different intervals (shifted intervals) instead of equal intervals.

  That is, each peripheral partition hole 3a shown by a broken line in FIG. 7 is provided at five equal intervals on the same circumference, whereas each rotary hole 4a shown by a solid line is the same. Five places are provided on the circumference at different intervals instead of at regular intervals, as will be described later. Here, for convenience of explanation, the rotation hole 4a not communicating with the lower right peripheral partition hole 3a in FIG. 7 is defined as a first rotation hole 4a, and the peripheral partition hole 3a is defined as a first partition hole 3a.

  In addition, the second rotation hole 4b, the third rotation hole 4c, the fourth rotation hole 4d, and the fifth rotation hole 4e are sequentially formed clockwise from the first rotation hole 4a (in the direction opposite to the rotation direction) in FIG. Similarly, the second partition hole 3b, the third partition hole 3c, the fourth partition hole 3d, and the fifth partition hole 3e are sequentially turned clockwise (in the direction opposite to the rotation direction) in FIG. 7 from the first partition hole 3a indicated by a broken line. To do.

Then, in the state shown in FIG. 7, the second rotation hole 4b overlaps and communicates with the second partition hole 3b by about 1/3 of its inner diameter, and the third rotation hole 4c communicates with the third partition hole 3c and 1 / of its inner diameter. 2 degree overlap communicates with the fourth rotation hole 4d is communicated overlap degree 2/3 of the inner diameter and the fourth compartment holes 3d, further fifth rotary hole 4e is completely overlaps the whole a fifth compartment holes 3e Communicate. And each rotation hole 4a, ... is connected with each peripheral partition hole 3a, ... by rotation of the rotary body 40, and air is sent to the peripheral piston case member 22b through each peripheral air hose 352, The peripheral bits 42a shown in FIG. 1 are driven. The detailed operation of the rotating body 40 will be described later.

  As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, semicircular air receiving blades 45 (five places in total) are provided in the vicinity of the middle between the adjacent rotation holes 4 a and 4 b. The air receiving blades 45 are disposed along the peripheral edge of the rotating plate 43. The air receiving blade 45 is fixed to the rotating plate 43 of the rotating body 40 via a rod-shaped support portion 451 (see FIG. 6). The air receiving blade 45 is mounted with the concave surface of the air receiving blade 45 facing away from the rotation direction so that the rotating body 40 rotates counterclockwise (counterclockwise) in FIG. The number of the air receiving blades 45 is not limited to that shown in the figure.

Further, between the adjacent air receiving blades 45 and the respective rotation holes 4a,..., The required number of air supply holes 46 which are working fluid supply holes having a smaller diameter than the inner diameter of each rotation hole 4a (this embodiment). Then, one place, 10 places in the whole rotary plate 43) is provided. The air supply hole 46 is provided on the circumference centering on the rotating shaft 4g so as to communicate with the peripheral partition holes 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e.
Each air supply hole 46 communicates with each peripheral partition hole 3a,... By rotation of the rotator 40, so that a small amount of air is sent from the air reservoir 30 to each peripheral piston case member 22b. Is driven to the standby state before hitting. This effect will be described later.

(Outer peripheral part of air tank member 3)
As shown in FIG. 2, the base side (upper side in FIG. 2) of the air tank member 3 with respect to the connecting body 33 is formed to be slightly recessed toward the base side with the connecting body 33 as a boundary. The outer diameter of the small-diameter portion 36 formed slightly smaller than the connecting body 33 is made to match the inner diameter of a cylindrical drive bush 51 provided in the rotary drive device 5 (see FIG. 9) described later. It has been.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 9, when the drive bush 51 is fitted and dropped from the base end portion of the excavator 1 with the excavator 1 standing, the drive bush 51 has a larger diameter of the air tank member 3. It stops at the part (near the coupling body 33) and does not fall down. Details of this operation will be described later.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a required number of flat bars 361 which are ridges are provided on the outer periphery of the air tank member 3 along the axial direction. In this embodiment, a plurality of flat bars 361 (six places in total) are provided. During the excavation work, the flat bar 361 engages with an engagement groove provided on the inner wall portion of the drive bush 51 of the rotary drive device 5 (see FIG. 9) provided with a rotary table (rotary table) described later. The rotational driving force (rotational motion) of the drive bush 51 is transmitted to the excavator 1.

[Rotary drive device 5]
On the other hand, the rotary drive device 5 shown in FIG. 9 gives a rotational motion to the excavator 1 as described above. The rotation drive device 5 includes a rotation drive device main body 50 and an outrigger 52 that supports the rotation drive device main body 50. As described above, the rotary drive device main body 50 can be equipped with the excavator 1 via the drive bush 51, and includes a rotary table (not shown hidden in FIG. 9) that gives the excavator 1 a rotational motion.

(Work)
The operation of the rotary excavator 6 provided with the excavator 1 will be described.
In addition, a present Example demonstrates the effect | action of the rotary excavator 6 taking the case where the hole for piles is excavated in the ground as an example.

  First, as shown in FIG. 9, the rotary drive device 5 constituting the rotary excavator 6 is placed on a temporary scaffold 600 made of, for example, H steel. On the other hand, the required number (required number) of kelly rods 7 is connected to the base end portion of the excavator 1 according to the length of the hole excavated in the ground. In this embodiment, one kelly rod 7 is connected, but two or more (a plurality) may be connected.

  The kelly rod 7 has a built-in air supply pipe. The kelly rod 7 and the excavator 1 are fixed by a fixing tool (not shown) made up of pins, bolts, nuts and the like. The excavator 1 to which the kelly rod 7 is connected is suspended and supported by a crane (not shown in the drawing). Reference numeral 73 in FIG. 9 indicates a wire connected to the crane.

  Then, the drive bush 51 is set on the rotary table (not hidden in FIG. 5) of the rotary drive device 5. Further, while being suspended and supported by a crane, the flat bar 361 of the air tank member 3 of the excavator 1 is engaged with an engagement groove (not shown in the drawing) which is a groove on the inner wall of the drive bush 51. Then, excavation is started while the excavator 1 is suspended by the crane.

  During excavation, the rotational driving force transmitted from the rotary table to the drive bush 51 is transmitted to the air tank member 3 and the excavator 1 rotates. A support shaft 71 is provided at the upper end of the kelly rod 7 to be suspended and supported by a crane. A supply pipe 72 that supplies air to the excavator 1 is connected to the support shaft 71. The support shaft 71 is provided with an air swivel (not shown).

  The air sent from the supply pipe 72 is sent to the excavator 1 through the air supply pipe of the kelly rod 7. The air sent to the excavator 1 is discharged from the blowout hole 340 of the connection joint 34 shown in FIG.

  The air supplied from the blowing hole 340 hits the receiving portion 81 of the air guide member 8, then bounces along the concave surface of the receiving portion 81, and returns to the rotating body container 82 side so as to draw an arc. It is sent to the rotating body 40.

  Then, the rotating body 40 receives air from the air receiving blade 45 and rotates counterclockwise (counterclockwise) from the state of FIG. 8A in the order of FIGS. 8B, 8C, and 8D. Rotate. 8A to 8D show the rotation state of the rotating body 40 over time, but the time intervals between the drawings are not all the same for convenience of explanation.

  The air rotates the rotating body 40, and the corresponding piston case member 22a, through the air hose 351, 352 from the cylindrical rotating shaft 4g of the rotating body 40 shown in FIG. The central bit 41 and the peripheral bits 42a,...

Among these, since the central bit 41 is not subjected to the air flow control by the rotating body 40, the air is continuously sent from the rotating shaft 4g to the central piston case member 22a, so Are driven independently.
On the other hand, each of the peripheral bits 42a,... Is driven in the following manner by controlling the opening degree of the air reservoir 30 and each peripheral partition hole 3a by the rotation of the rotating body 40.

  That is, in the state of FIG. 8 (b), the fifth rotation hole 4e communicated with the fifth partition hole 3e in FIG. 8 (a) is moved to a non-communication state, and the other rotation holes 4a. , 4b, 4c, 4d are also in a non-communication state with the other peripheral partition holes 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d.

  Further, in the state shown in FIG. 8 (c), the first rotation hole 4a, which is in a non-communication state in the state shown in FIG. 8 (b), communicates with the fifth partition hole 3e by about 2/3 of its inner diameter. The second rotation hole 4b also communicates with the second partition hole 3b by about 1/3 of its inner diameter, and the third rotation hole 4c is still in a non-communication state.

  Further, in the state of FIG. 8 (d), the first rotation hole 4a that has been in communication with about 2/3 in the state of FIG. 8 (c) is completely in communication with the fifth partition hole 3e, and is in communication with about 1/3. The second rotation hole 4b communicated with the first partition hole 3a by about 1/2 of its inner diameter, and the third rotation hole 4c, which was in a non-communication state, communicated with the second partition hole 3b by approximately 1/3 of its inner diameter. Yes.

  As described above, as the rotating body 40 rotates, the opening degree of each partition hole 3a,... Gradually increases from the first rotation hole 4a,. After the first rotation holes 4a,... Are communicated in order, the non-communication state as shown in FIG.

  As described above, the rotation holes 4a,... Communicate with each other in order along the rotation direction of the rotating body 40, so that the time is sequentially increased from the air reservoir 30 to each peripheral piston case member 22b. Air is introduced while shifting. As a result, the peripheral bits 42a,... (See FIG. 1) corresponding to the peripheral piston case member 22b strike the peripheral bits 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e in the order of the peripheral bits 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e. . Therefore, the impact force by hitting each of the bits 41, 42a,.

  Further, as described above, each air supply hole 46 having an inner diameter smaller than that of the rotation hole 4a communicates with each peripheral partition hole 3a,. A small amount of air is sent to the member 22b. Thus, a certain amount of air is sent to the peripheral piston case member 22b until the piston 61 inside each peripheral piston case member 22b is in a standby state before hitting (even if the piston 61 has moved upward or does not rise). Working fluid). As a result, when each rotation hole 4a coincides with each peripheral partition hole 3a, the piston 61 descends rapidly and strikes the bit 41. That is, the time lag until the bit 41 strikes after each rotation hole 4a coincides with each peripheral partition hole 3a is eliminated or shortened.

  As described above, each bit 42a,... Is driven by striking while shifting the time, so that one hammer bit having the same diameter as the hole to be drilled is moved up and down to hit the ground. Compared to down-the-hole hammers, excavation can be done with low noise and vibration. Therefore, it is suitable for use in densely populated houses and urban office districts.

  Further, the excavating device 1 is rotated by the rotation driving device 5 so that the excavation positions of the peripheral bits 42a,... Thereby, each bid 41 and 42 hits the whole excavation surface uniformly. Moreover, when the excavator 1 rotates, the crushed bedrock and earth and sand (slime) generated during excavation are smoothly sent to the ground surface.

  2, the driving means such as the piston 61 for operating the respective bits 41, 42a,... Are accommodated in the piston case main body 220, and further covered with a cylindrical piston case casing 232. Furthermore, it is accommodated in a cylindrical main body 231 filled with sand 230 which is a vibration-proof material and / or a sound-proof material. As a result, it is possible to prevent sound and vibration generated during driving of the driving means from leaking or being transmitted to the outside, and to reduce noise and vibration.

  In this embodiment, since the rotary drive device 5 includes the outrigger 52, the outrigger 52 not only improves the stability during excavation work, but also places the rotary drive device body 50 directly on the ground surface for excavation. Compared with the case where the rotation is performed, the vibration transmitted from the rotary drive device body 50 to the ground plane is reduced. Thereby, low vibration and low noise can be achieved more effectively.

  Furthermore, as described above, conventionally, it has been necessary to drive a hammer bit having the same large diameter as the hole to be drilled, and therefore, the amount of air consumption necessary to move the hammer bit up and down is inevitably large. A big air compressor was needed.

  On the other hand, in this embodiment, it is only necessary to drive the small-diameter bits 41, 42a,... With respect to the hole to be excavated, so that the amount of air consumed to move one bit up and down is small. As a result, the air compressor to be used can be reduced in size. Therefore, the installation area of the air compressor is small, and it is suitable for construction in a limited space such as a densely populated house or an urban office district. In addition, the miniaturization of the air compressor enables the prime mover that drives the air compressor to be miniaturized, so that the vibration and noise generated from the prime mover can be kept low.

  In this embodiment, the excavation bit member 2 provided with a total of six bits 41, 42a,... Is used, but the number is not particularly limited. In this embodiment, the diameter of the excavation bit member 2 is, for example, 450 to 700 mm.

  Unlike the present embodiment, for example, when the drill bit member 2 is configured by providing five bits (one location in the axial center and four locations around it), the diameter of the drill bit member 2 is, for example, 450 mm or less. It can be. Furthermore, for example, when the excavation bit member 2 is configured by providing six to seven bits (one at the axial center and five or six around the bit), the diameter of the excavation bit member 2 is, for example, 700 mm or more. be able to.

  A screw shaft having an air supply pipe can be used instead of the kelly rod 7. If a screw shaft is used, the crushed bedrock and earth and sand (slime) which generate | occur | produce at the time of excavation can be sent out to the ground surface more smoothly (soil is discharged). Further, a spiral blade for earth removal can be provided on the peripheral surface portion of the air tank member 3.

  Moreover, although the present Example demonstrated the case where excavation work was performed using the rotational drive apparatus 5 provided with the rotary table, the means to give rotational motion to the excavator 1 is not specifically limited to a rotary table, A three-point type Known rotation driving means such as a pile driver or a leader can be employed.

11 and 12 are diagrams for explaining a second embodiment of the excavation apparatus for underground excavation according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of a longitudinal section of the excavator,
FIG. 12 is a plan view explanatory view showing an internal structure including a rotating body by crossing the air guide member shown in FIG. 11 in the horizontal direction, and corresponds to FIG. 7 in the first embodiment.

  In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and shown to the same or equivalent location as Example 1. FIG. Moreover, about the location demonstrated in Example 1, description is abbreviate | omitted and difference is mainly demonstrated.

  In the first embodiment described above (see FIGS. 2 and 7), the opening degree with respect to the five peripheral partition holes 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, and 3e is controlled by the rotating body 40. On the other hand, in the excavation apparatus 1a according to the present embodiment, the three partition holes 5a, 5b and 5c (hereinafter referred to as “inner partition holes 5a, 5b and 5c”) are formed by the rotating body 40a shown in FIG. The opening is controlled. Further, three partition holes 5d, 5e, and 5f (hereinafter referred to as “outer partition holes 5d, 5e, and 5f”) are disposed outside the rotating body 40a.

Hereinafter, the excavator 1a according to the present embodiment will be described in more detail.
The rotating shaft 4g of the rotating body 40a shown in FIG. 11 is not formed in a cylindrical shape unlike the first embodiment (see FIG. 2), and the air hose is not connected. The rotating shaft 4g is rotatably inserted in the center bearing hole 303 of the partition 300a and does not come out of the bearing hole 303. Three inner partition holes 5a, 5b, 5c (shown by broken lines) are arranged at equal intervals on the circumference of the partition body 300a (see FIG. 12) with the bearing hole 303 as the center.

  One of the inner partition holes 5a (located on the right side in FIG. 12) is connected to a peripheral air hose 353 derived from the peripheral piston case member 22b (see FIG. 11) corresponding to the peripheral bit 42a shown in FIG. ing. Further, the other inner partition hole 5b (lower left of the partition hole 5a in FIG. 12) is a peripheral air hose 354 (see FIG. 11, see FIG. 11) led out from the peripheral piston case member 22b corresponding to the peripheral bit 42c shown in FIG. Part is omitted). Further, the other inner partition hole 5c (upper left of the partition hole 5a in FIG. 12) is connected to a peripheral air hose 355 (see FIG. 11) derived from the peripheral piston case member 22b corresponding to the peripheral bit 42d shown in FIG. Has been. The air hoses 353, 354, and 355 to which the inner partition holes 5a, 5b, and 5c are connected have the same inner diameter and the same length.

  The rotating plate 43a has rotating holes 6a, 6b, and 6c that allow the air storage portion 30 to communicate with the inner partition holes 5a, 5b, and 5c. Each inward rotation hole 6a, ... constitutes a communication path through which air flows.

  The rotation holes 6a, 6b, 6c are arranged in a required number at a required interval (along the rotation direction of the rotating body 40a) on the circumference centering on the rotation center of the rotation plate 43a. In the present embodiment, the rotation holes 6a, 6b, 6c are provided in a total of three locations corresponding to the number of the inner partition holes 5a, 5b, 5c. In this embodiment, each of the rotation holes 6a, 6b, 6c is a circular hole and has the same or almost the same inner diameter as the inner partition holes 5a, 5b, 5c.

As described above, the inner partition holes 5a, 5b, 5c (shown by broken lines) are provided at equal intervals.
On the other hand, each rotating hole 6a,... Is rotated so that the opening degree of each of the partition holes 5a, 5b, 5c gradually increases from the rotating hole 6a on the rotating direction side by the rotation of the rotating body 40a. They are arranged along the rotation direction of 40a at different intervals (shifted intervals) instead of equal intervals.

  For convenience of explanation, the rotation hole 6a in which the entire inner circle hole 5a on the right side and the entire circle in FIG. Then, the second rotation hole 6b and the third rotation hole 6c are sequentially formed from the first rotation hole 6a in the clockwise direction (the direction opposite to the rotation direction) in FIG. Similarly, the second inner partition hole 5b and the third inner partition hole 5c are formed in order from the right inner partition hole 5a in the clockwise direction (the direction opposite to the rotation direction) in FIG.

In the present embodiment, in the state shown in FIG. 12, the second rotation hole 6b communicates with the second inner partition hole 5b so as to overlap with about 1/3 of its inner diameter, and the third rotation hole 6c is the third inner partition hole. 5c and about 1/2 of its inner diameter overlap and communicate. A communication state between each rotation hole 6a,... And each inner partition hole 5a,.

  As shown in FIG. 12, between the adjacent rotation holes 6a,..., There are a required number of air receiving blades 45 with a required interval (two positions between the rotation holes 6a,. In six locations). Further, an air supply hole 46 smaller than the inner diameter of each rotation hole 6a is provided at a required position between them so as to avoid each rotation hole 6a and the air receiving blade 45. Since the actions of the air receiving blade 45 and the air supply hole 46 are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the base end part 823 (lower end part in FIG. 11) of the rotary body container 82 is fixed slightly inward from the peripheral part of the partition 300a. Further, the outer partition holes 5d, 5e, 5f, which are working fluid circulation holes, are formed in a portion of the partition body 300a (see also FIG. 12) located between the base end portion 823 and the inner wall surface 304 of the air storage portion 30. Are provided at required intervals (in this embodiment, three at equal intervals so as to form vertices of equilateral triangles).

  One outer partition hole 5d (positioned on the right side in FIG. 12) is connected to a central air hose 356 derived from a central piston case member 22a (see FIG. 11) corresponding to the central bit 41 shown in FIG. ing. The other outer partition hole 5e (located at the lower left in FIG. 12) is connected to a peripheral air hose (not shown) derived from the peripheral piston case member 22b corresponding to the peripheral bit 42b shown in FIG. . Further, the other outer partition hole 5f (positioned at the upper left in FIG. 12) is connected to a peripheral air hose (not shown) derived from the peripheral piston case member 22a corresponding to the peripheral bit 42e shown in FIG. . Each air hose to which these outer partition holes 5d, 5e, 5f are connected has the same diameter and the same length.

(Work)
The excavator 1a according to the present embodiment operates as follows. In principle, the description of the same operations as those described in the first embodiment will be omitted.

  The air supplied from the blow-out hole 340 of the connection joint 34 shown in FIG. 11 hits the air guide member 8 and is sent to the front side of the air reservoir 30 as in the first embodiment, and a part of the air is supplied to the rotating body container. 82 to the rotating body 40a in 82.

  The air sent to the front side of the air reservoir 30 is sent to the outer partition holes 5d, 5e, 5f located on the outer side of the rotating body container 82 in FIG. Then, air is continuously sent from the outer partition holes 5d, 5e, 5f to the corresponding piston case members 22a, 22b, 22b without being subjected to air flow control by the rotating body 40a, as shown in FIG. Each central bit 41, peripheral bit 42b, and peripheral bit 42e are driven simultaneously.

  On the other hand, the air sent to the inside of the rotating body container 82 rotates the rotating body 40a shown in FIG. 12 counterclockwise (counterclockwise). And the opening degree of the air storage part 30 and each inner division hole 5a, 5b, 5c is controlled by rotation of this rotary body 40a. In other words, the rotation holes 6a, 6b, 6c indicated by solid lines in FIG. 12 coincide with the inner partition holes 5a, 5b, 5c indicated by broken lines, so that the air reservoir 30 and the inner partition holes 5a, 5b, 5c communicates, and the peripheral bits 42a,... Shown in FIG.

  Specifically, as in the rotating body 40 described in the first embodiment, the inner partition holes 5a, 5b, and 5c are arranged at different intervals (shifted intervals) instead of at equal intervals. Then, as the rotating body 40a rotates, the opening degree of each inner partition hole 5a, 5b, 5c gradually increases from the first rotation hole 6a,. Air is introduced from the reservoir 30 to each peripheral piston case member 22b not sequentially but with a time lag. As a result, the strike is performed while shifting in the order of the peripheral bits 42a, 42c, and 42d shown in FIG.

  The driving state of each bit 41, 42a,... Described above will be described again with reference to FIG. 1. Three of the central bit 41 and the peripheral bits 42b, 42e are driven at the same time, and the remaining peripheral bits are further driven. Three of 42a, 42c, and 42d are driven to strike while shifting in this order.

  Thus, unlike the first embodiment (all the peripheral bits 42b,... Are configured to be driven while striking in order), this embodiment (second embodiment) is different in order. Along with the peripheral bits 42a, 42c, and 42 that are driven to strike while shifting the time, the center bit 41 and the peripheral bits 42b and 42e that are simultaneously driven to strike are also included.

  Therefore, in this embodiment (Embodiment 2), since the central bit 41 and the peripheral bits 42b and 42e that are simultaneously driven to strike can apply a large impact force to the ground at the same time, excavation work efficiency is high. . In other words, the first embodiment is superior to the second embodiment in terms of reducing vibration and noise, but the second embodiment is superior in excavation work efficiency.

  Therefore, in a site where there is not much hindrance even if some vibration or noise occurs (such as in a densely populated area or a place slightly away from an urban office area), the excavator 1a of the second embodiment is more suitable for excavation. Work efficiency can be increased and construction days can be shortened.

  Even if excavation work is performed at the same construction site, if the hole is dug deep into the ground, the influence of vibration and noise on the periphery of the site will gradually become smaller. Therefore, the excavator 1 according to the first embodiment (see FIG. 2) is used as a first stage to dig from the ground surface to a required depth, and then the excavator 1a according to the second embodiment as the second stage (FIG. 11). If the excavation work is continued after the replacement, the vibration and noise on the surroundings of the site are minimized, and the excavation work efficiency is improved and the construction days are shortened. be able to.

  Needless to say, the second embodiment is superior in reducing vibration and noise compared to a conventional down-the-hole hammer in which one hammer bit having the same diameter as the hole to be drilled is driven.

  Further, in this embodiment, among the plurality of bits 41, 42a,... Shown in FIG. 1, three of the central bit 41 and the peripheral bits 42b, 42e can be driven at the same time. The position is not particularly limited.

  Further, FIG. 13 shows various variations of the excavator manufactured by changing the number and positions of the bits, and schematically shows a state in which the excavator is viewed from the tip of the bit. In FIG. 13, each bit 47 is indicated by a small circle, and the excavation bit member 2 is indicated by a large circle.

  The number and positions of the entire bits are not particularly limited to those in the first and second embodiments, and various variations of the excavators 1b to 1j as shown in FIG. 13 are conceivable. That is, as shown in FIG. 13, for example, four to ten places can be provided, or three places or eleven places or more can be provided. The central bit 47 may be omitted, and one, two, or three or more may be provided in the center.

  Note that the terms and expressions used in this specification are merely explanatory and are not restrictive, and do not exclude terms and expressions equivalent to the above terms and expressions. The present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea.

  Further, in the claims, the reference numerals used in the drawings are described in parentheses in order to facilitate understanding of the contents of the claims, but the claims are not limited to those described in the drawings. Absent.

The perspective explanatory view which looked at the excavation apparatus which concerns on Example 1 from the front end side. Explanatory drawing of the longitudinal cross-section of the excavator shown in FIG. Exploded perspective view of the excavator shown in FIG. Side view explanatory drawing which represented the internal structure by longitudinally cross-sectioning the piston case member accommodated in the excavation bit member. FIG. 3 is a perspective explanatory view showing a fluid guide member arranged in an air tank member of the excavator shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 6 is an explanatory perspective view showing a rotating body arranged inside the fluid guide member shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 6 is an explanatory plan view showing an internal structure including a rotating body by crossing the fluid guide member shown in FIG. 5 in the horizontal direction. FIG. 8 is a partially omitted explanatory view showing the rotation state of the rotating body shown in FIG. 7 over time. Side view explanatory drawing which shows the rotary excavator mainly comprised by an excavation apparatus and a rotation drive device. FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged explanatory view showing another embodiment of the rotating body shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional explanatory view of a drilling device according to a second embodiment. FIG. 12 is an explanatory plan view showing an internal structure including a rotating body by cutting the air guide member shown in FIG. 11 in the horizontal direction. Schematic explanatory drawing which shows the various variations of the excavator manufactured by changing the number and position of bits.

Explanation of symbols

1, 1a Drilling device 2 Drilling bit member 3 Air tank member
3a, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f Partition holes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d Rotating holes
4g Rotating shaft 5 Rotation drive device 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e Partition hole 6 Rotary excavator 6a, 6b, 6c Rotating hole 7 Kelly rod 8 Air guide member 21 Connection body 22a, 22b Piston case member 23 Piston case mounting Body 24 Drive chuck 25 Chuck guide 26 Flat bar 30 Air storage portion 31 Bolt 32 Nut 33 Connection body 34 Connection joint 36 Small diameter portion 40, 40a Rotating body 41, 42a-42e Peripheral bit 43, 43a Rotating plate 44a Shaft portion 45 Air Receiving blade 46 Air supply hole 47 Bit 50 Rotation drive body 51 Drive bush 52 Outrigger 61 Piston 62 Cylinder 63 Check valve 64 Air distributor beater 65 Valve spring 66 Foot valve 71 Support shaft 72 Supply pipe 73 Wire 81 Air guide receiving portion 81 Receiving part 82 Rotating body container 211 Hole 220 Piston case main body 222 Insertion part 230 Sand 231 Cylindrical main body 232 Piston case casing 233 Front cover body 234 Base cover body 235, 236 Insertion hole 241 Hole 242 Anti-rotation part 251 Bolt 252 Nut 253, 254 Recess 255 Mounting hole 256 Recess 300, 300a Partition 301 Rolling body 303 Bearing hole 304 Inner wall surface 331 Connection hole 340 Outlet 351, 352 Air hose 353-355 Peripheral air hose 356 Central air hose 361 Flat bar 411, 421 Head Portion 412 Button chip 421 Head portion 441 Other end 451 Supporting portion 600 Temporary scaffolding
821 Intake Department
822 Intake pipe 823 Base end

Claims (7)

A plurality of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) having an outer diameter smaller than the drilling device main body (2) and moving forward and backward to the excavation side;
A plurality of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) are accommodated in the excavator body (2) corresponding to the number of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) A piston case member (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) containing a piston (61) that gives impact force to
A fluid reservoir (30) for storing the working fluid sent to each piston case member (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b);
A plurality of the piston case members (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) are provided corresponding to the number of the piston case members (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b), and the working fluid sent to each piston case member (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) passes through. Distribution channels (352,352,352,352,352) and
In order to send the working fluid from the fluid reservoir (30) to the flow ports (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) of the respective working fluid flow paths (352, 352, 352, 352, 352), the fluid reservoir (30) and the flow ports (3a, A rotating body (40) provided with a plurality of communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) for communicating 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e);
Have
The flow port (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) rotates the rotating body (40) so that the bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) are driven to strike while shifting the time. The communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) are provided along the direction to prevent communication with the same opening at the same time as each flow port (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e). It is provided along the rotation direction with an arrangement different from the arrangement of each circulation port (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) ,
The rotating body (40) is a working fluid that communicates the fluid reservoir (30) and the respective circulation ports (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) separately from the communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e). A supply hole (46) is provided, and the working fluid supply hole (46) supplies a part of the working fluid necessary for giving a striking force to the bit (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e). The inner diameter is set smaller than the communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e),
Drilling equipment for underground excavation. A plurality of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) having an outer diameter smaller than the drilling device main body (2) and moving forward and backward to the excavation side;
A plurality of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) are accommodated in the excavator body (2) corresponding to the number of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) A piston case member (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) containing a piston (61) that gives impact force to
A fluid reservoir (30) for storing the working fluid sent to each piston case member (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b);
A plurality of the piston case members (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) are provided corresponding to the number of the piston case members (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b), and the working fluid sent to each piston case member (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) passes through. Distribution channels (352,352,352,352,352) and
In order to send the working fluid from the fluid reservoir (30) to the flow ports (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) of the respective working fluid flow paths (352, 352, 352, 352, 352), the fluid reservoir (30) and the flow ports (3a, A rotating body (40) provided with a plurality of communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) for communicating 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e);
Have
The flow port (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) rotates the rotating body (40) so that the bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) are driven to strike while shifting the time. The communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e) are provided along the direction to prevent communication with the same opening at the same time as each flow port (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e). It is provided along the rotation direction with an arrangement different from the arrangement of each circulation port (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) ,
The rotating body (40) includes a working fluid receiving blade (45) for receiving the working fluid and rotating the rotating body (40).
The rotating body (40) is a working fluid that communicates the fluid reservoir (30) and the respective circulation ports (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) separately from the communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e). A supply hole (46) is provided, and the working fluid supply hole (46) supplies a part of the working fluid necessary for giving a striking force to the bit (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e). The inner diameter is set smaller than the communication holes (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e),
Drilling equipment for underground excavation. It is provided with a plurality of bits (41, 42b, 42e) that are driven separately and separately from the plurality of bits (42a, 42c, 42d) that are driven to drive while shifting the time from each other. The working fluid flow path (352, 352, 352, 352, 352) of each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b) corresponding to the bit (41, 42b, 42e) is not controlled by the rotating body (40) and the fluid reservoir (30). Always in communication,
The excavation apparatus for underground excavation according to claim 1 or 2 . The fluid reservoir (30) is provided with a working fluid guide member (8) that receives the working fluid supplied to the fluid reservoir (30) and guides it to the flow ports (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e). ,
The excavation apparatus for underground excavation in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 3 . The excavator body (2) is provided with a vibration-proof material and / or a sound-proof material (230) so as to surround each piston case member (22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b).
The excavation apparatus for underground excavation in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4 . A drilling device (1) (1a) according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , and a rotary drive device (5) capable of giving rotational motion to the drilling device (1) (1a) .
Rotary excavator. An underground excavation method using the excavator (1) (1a) according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the excavator (1) (1a) is subjected to underground excavation while giving a rotational motion.
Underground excavation method.

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