JP2022133829A - Coupon value quantification program, coupon value quantification method, and coupon value quantification device - Google Patents

Abstract

To appropriately quantify a value of a coupon that, when presented and applied to a transaction in a given commodity or a service, gives a right to close a transaction at a reduced price.SOLUTION: A coupon value quantification program causes a computer to output a coupon value amount C as a quantified value of a coupon. The coupon value quantification program determines, on the basis of a first variable S corresponding to a degree of reduction, a second variable t corresponding to a remaining period of a right, which is a period from a current time to an expiration date, a third variable σ corresponding to a frequency of transactions, and a function C (S, t, σ), the coupon value amount C. The function C (S, t, σ) defines a relationship between each variable S, t, σ and the coupon value amount C, and is constructed based on financial engineering. This allows the value of the coupon to be appropriately quantified.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present invention relates to a program for causing a computer to output a quantified value of a coupon, a method for quantifying the value of a coupon, and an apparatus for outputting a quantified value of a coupon. .

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, coupons are known that are applied to transactions for predetermined goods or services. Coupons of this type often function as cash coupons or discount coupons, for example. Coupons of this type are generally in the form of paper coupons or electronic coupons so that they can be presented to the provider of the goods or services at the time of transaction, and the beneficiaries of the goods or services have come to possess them. there is

Coupons of this kind, when presented by a beneficiary of a given good or service, entitle the beneficiary to enter into a transaction at a price less than a predetermined price predetermined by the provider of the goods or service. . The expiration date of this right is often specified by the provider. By granting rights in this way, it is possible to stimulate the demand of the receivers, and the provider can expect the effect of attracting customers to increase the number of transactions. Coupons can therefore be an effective tool for marketing.

By the way, depending on the conditions of the coupon, the nature of the beneficiary who is the customer, etc., even if the coupon is issued, the effect of attracting customers expected by the provider may not be obtained. For example, if the coupon conditions are such that the degree of reduction is extremely small or the period until the expiration date is short, even if the beneficiary has obtained the above rights, it will be less attractive to exercise them, and the coupon will not be issued. It is rarely used even if it is used. In addition, as a beneficiary's nature, it is often the case that those who have a low transaction frequency or a low number of visits to the store will find it less attractive to exercise the rights described above. Coupons that seem less attractive are considered to have less value.

In such a case, the provider cannot obtain a sufficient return on investment of resources related to coupon planning, creation, distribution, and the like. On the other hand, the beneficiary also misses the opportunity to obtain goods and services that are actually valuable. In other words, non-use of issued coupons is highly likely to cause losses for both the provider and the recipient. As described above, there is a strong need to appropriately quantify the value of coupons in order to create coupons that are attractive to users.

However, a device, method, and system for pricing financial products (Patent Document 1) and a device for calculating currency option premiums (Patent Document 2), which are realized by improving models based on financial engineering, are disclosed. However, there are no programs, methods, or devices that can adequately quantify the value of coupons, and have not been able to meet the needs.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-516672 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-207002

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a program, method, and apparatus capable of appropriately quantifying the value of coupons.

The coupon value quantification program according to the present invention is applied to a transaction in a predetermined product or service, and when presented by the beneficiary of the product or service, the price is reduced from the predetermined price determined in advance by the provider of the product or service. A program for causing a computer to function to output a value that quantifies the value of a coupon that grants a beneficiary the right to complete a transaction in the Internet, the expiration date of which is specified by the provider. .

The features of the coupon value quantification program according to the present invention include at least a first variable corresponding to the degree of reduction, a second variable corresponding to the remaining period of right, which is the period from the current time to the expiration date, and the provider and the beneficiary. The value of the coupon is determined based on a third variable corresponding to the frequency of transactions in the It is to make a computer function so as to output a quantified value.

According to the present invention, the first variable, the second variable, and the third variable are variables corresponding to the degree of reduction, the remaining term of rights, and the frequency of transactions. These factors influence the degree to which beneficiaries of the goods or services find it attractive to exercise the coupons issued. That is, it is possible to define a relationship in which the value of the coupon also fluctuates according to fluctuations in the first variable, the second variable, and the third variable. The sensitivity of each variable to variations can be adjusted for varying coupon values. Therefore, by using a function that defines this relationship, the value of the coupon can be appropriately quantified.

In the coupon value quantification program according to the above invention, the first variable is set to a larger value as the degree of reduction is larger, the second variable is set to a larger value as the remaining period of rights is longer, and the third variable is set to a larger value as the frequency of transactions increases, and the value of the coupon becomes a larger value as the first variable is larger, a larger value as the second variable is larger, and a larger value as the third variable. is preferably defined to be a value greater than .

式（１）において、Ｎ（ｄ１）及びＮ（ｄ２）が、ｄ１及びｄ２を変数とする標準正規分布の累積確立密度関数をそれぞれ表し、ｄ１及びｄ２が、下記式（２）及び下記式（３）にてそれぞれ規定され、

式（１）、式（２）、及び、式（３）において、Ｃがクーポンの価値金額を表し、Ｓが第１変数を表し、ｔが第２変数を表し、σが第３変数を表し、Ｋがクーポンの権利を行使する際に減額可能な金額を表し、ｑがクーポンの所定期間における配当利回りを表し、ｒがクーポンの所定期間における安全利子率を表し、ｅがネイピア数を表し、Ｌｎが自然対数を表し、クーポンの価値を定量化した値として、クーポンの価値金額を出力させると更に好適である。 In the coupon value quantification program according to the above invention, the first variable is the amount actually reduced in the transaction, the second variable is the value obtained by dividing the remaining term of the right by a predetermined period, and the third variable is a value obtained by dividing the frequency of transactions by a predetermined period, and the function is defined by the following formula (1),

In formula (1), N (d1) and N (d2) represent the cumulative probability density functions of the standard normal distribution with d1 and d2 as variables, respectively, and d1 and d2 are the following formula (2) and the following formula ( 3), respectively,

In formulas (1), (2), and (3), C represents the value of the coupon, S represents the first variable, t represents the second variable, and σ represents the third variable. , K represents the amount that can be reduced when exercising the right of the coupon, q represents the dividend yield over the specified period of the coupon, r represents the safe interest rate over the specified period of the coupon, e represents the Napier number, It is more preferable to output the value of the coupon as a value obtained by quantifying the value of the coupon, with Ln representing the natural logarithm.

In the coupon value quantification program according to the above invention, the amount of the coupon that can be reduced when the beneficiary exercises the right matches the amount that is actually reduced in the transaction with the provider, and No dividend or interest is generated when the person holds the It is more preferable to be configured as follows.

The coupon value quantification method according to the present invention is applied to a transaction of a predetermined product or service, and when presented by the beneficiary of the product or service, the price is reduced from the predetermined price determined in advance by the provider of the product or service. A method for quantifying the value of a coupon that grants a beneficiary the right to complete a transaction in , where the expiration date of the right is defined by the provider.

The features of the coupon value quantification method according to the present invention include at least a first variable corresponding to the degree of reduction, a second variable corresponding to the remaining period of right, which is the period from the current time to the expiration date, and the provider and the beneficiary. The value of the coupon is determined based on a third variable corresponding to the frequency of transactions in the It is to quantify.

According to the present invention, the coupon value can be appropriately quantified in the same manner as described above.

The coupon value quantification device according to the present invention is applied to a transaction in a predetermined product or service, and when presented by the beneficiary of the product or service, the price is reduced from the predetermined price determined in advance by the provider of the product or service. It is a coupon that grants a beneficiary the right to complete a transaction with a company, and outputs a value that quantifies the value of the coupon whose expiration date is specified by the provider.

The features of the coupon value quantification device according to the present invention are at least a first variable corresponding to the degree of reduction, a second variable corresponding to the remaining period of right which is the period from the current time to the expiration date, the provider and the beneficiary The value of the coupon is determined based on a third variable corresponding to the frequency of transactions in the It is to output a quantified value.

According to the present invention, the coupon value can be appropriately quantified in the same manner as described above.

1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a coupon value quantification device according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing processing of a coupon value quantification program executed by the CPU shown in FIG. 1; 4 is a graph for explaining an output example of the coupon value when the first variable and the third variable are changed, as an example output by the output unit shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is a graph for explaining an output example of a coupon value amount when a second variable and a third variable are changed, as an example output by the output unit shown in FIG. 1; FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of a coupon value quantification program, a coupon value quantification method, and a coupon value quantification device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

<Configuration of coupon value quantification device>
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a coupon value quantification device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The coupon value quantification device 100 is a computer that outputs a value obtained by quantifying the value of a coupon, and functions according to a coupon value quantification program. That is, the information processing for coupon value quantification is realized by cooperation between software and hardware.

As shown in FIG. 1, the coupon value quantification device 100 includes a CPU 10, a ROM 20, a RAM 30, an input section 40, and an output section 50.

The CPU 10 functions as an arithmetic processing device and a control device, and controls the overall operation of the coupon value quantification device 100 according to various programs including the coupon value quantification program. The ROM 20 stores programs executed by the CPU 10, calculation parameters, and the like. The RAM 30 temporarily stores programs executed by the CPU 10, parameters that change during execution, and the like. The CPU 10, ROM 20 and RAM 30 are interconnected by a bus.

The input unit 40 includes input means such as a keyboard, mouse, touch panel, etc. for the user to input information, and a circuit for outputting an input signal from the input means to the CPU 10 via an interface and a bus. The output unit 50 is composed of output means such as a display for the user to visually recognize information.

<Coupon value quantification program>
A coupon value quantification program stored in the ROM 20 causes the coupon value quantification device 100 to output a quantified value of the coupon. The target coupons are applied to transactions of predetermined goods or services, and are issued and distributed in the form of paper coupons or electronic coupons so that the beneficiaries of the goods or services can possess them. This coupon displays at least the degree of reduction, the expiration date, and the stores where it can be used (physical stores, online stores), and transactions can be made under the displayed conditions. At the time of transaction, the coupon can be presented in person or electromagnetically to the provider of the product or service by the beneficiary holding the coupon. By presenting the coupon, it becomes possible to trade at a price that is reduced from the default price determined in advance by the provider.

That is, holding the coupon gives the beneficiary the right to establish a transaction at a reduced price under the conditions displayed on the coupon. The expiration date of this right is defined by the Provider as the expiration date displayed on the coupon.

With this coupon, even if it is unused at the moment, the amount that can be reduced when the beneficiary exercises the above-mentioned right is fixed in advance as shown on the coupon. On the other hand, the amount of money actually reduced when the coupon is used in the transaction with the provider matches the fixed amount. Thus, the coupon is ostensibly worth an amount corresponding to the amount of discount displayed on the coupon.

By the way, depending on the conditions of the coupon, the nature of the beneficiary who is the customer, etc., even if the coupon is issued, the effect of attracting customers expected by the provider may not be obtained. For example, if the coupon conditions are such that the degree of reduction is extremely small or the period until the expiration date is short, even if the beneficiary has obtained the above rights, it will be less attractive to exercise them, and the coupon will not be issued. It is rarely used even if it is used. In addition, as a beneficiary's nature, it is often the case that those who have a low transaction frequency or a low number of visits to the store will find it less attractive to exercise the rights described above. Coupons that seem less attractive are considered to have less value.

In this way, an event may occur in which the apparent value (amount displayed on the coupon) and the actual value diverge. The coupon value quantification program of this embodiment uses a model to quantify the value of the coupon. Models for quantification are built on financial engineering. For example, options in stock trading (especially exotic options) have the following five characteristics. The five characteristics are 1. 2. Rich variety; 3. has a maturity date; 4. There are those who buy the right to purchase stocks and those who sell the right to purchase stocks. 5. High volatility makes it easier to exercise rights; Option prices fluctuate a lot. Based on these characteristics, many models have been proposed that define the relationship between fluctuating option prices and various predetermined variables. That is, the option price can be quantified based on various predetermined variables and a model defining the above defined relationship.

On the other hand, when coupons are compared with the above five characteristics, 1. 2. Rich variety; 2. has an expiration date; 4. There are those who acquire coupons and those who issue coupons. 4. If the frequency of store visits and transactions is high, rights are likely to be exercised; It is similar to the above option in that the value of the coupon fluctuates greatly. On the other hand, the coupon is distributed free of charge to the beneficiary, and the beneficiary does not acquire the right by paying a consideration. Therefore, dividends and interest do not accrue when beneficiaries hold coupons. This point is characteristic of coupons.

In this embodiment, a model for quantifying the value of coupons is constructed in view of the similarities to the options described above and the unique properties of coupons. Specifically, a function C (S, t, σ) that defines the relationship between the first variable S, the second variable t, the third variable σ, and the coupon value amount C is used. The function C(S, t, σ) is defined by the following formula (1).

In Equation (1), N(d1) and N(d2) represent the cumulative probability density functions of the standard normal distribution with d1 and d2 as variables, respectively. d1 and d2 are defined by the following formulas (2) and (3), respectively.

In equations (1), (2), and (3), K represents the amount that can be reduced when exercising the coupon. q represents the dividend yield for a given period of the coupon. r represents the safe interest rate for the given period of the coupon. e represents the Napier number. Ln represents the natural logarithm.

In the coupon of this embodiment, as described above, even if it is unused at the present time, the amount that can be reduced when the beneficiary exercises the above-mentioned right is fixed in advance as shown on the coupon. there is On the other hand, the amount of money actually reduced when the coupon is used in the transaction with the provider matches the fixed amount. In addition, the coupon is distributed free of charge to the beneficiary, and the beneficiary does not acquire the right by paying a consideration. Therefore, dividends and interest do not accrue when beneficiaries hold coupons. From these points of view, in equations (1), (2) and (3), S and K are equal and q and r are zero.

Based on this function C (S, t, σ), the first variable S, the second variable t, and the third variable σ, the coupon value amount C is determined as a quantified value of the coupon. be done. The first variable S is a value corresponding to the degree of reduction, and expresses the amount itself that is actually reduced by presenting the coupon in the transaction. The second variable t is a value corresponding to the remaining right period, which is the period from the current time to the expiration date, and is a value obtained by dividing the number of days of the remaining right period by 365 days (one year). The third variable σ is a value corresponding to the frequency of transactions between providers and recipients (frequency of visits to physical stores, frequency of transactions at online shops), and is a value obtained by dividing the number of transactions by 365 days (one year). is multiplied by 100.

Equations (1), (2), and (3) are similar to the Black-Scholes model for quantifying option prices. In the Black-Scholes model, the call option price corresponds to C. The underlying asset price corresponds to S. The period corresponds to t. Volatility corresponds to σ. The exercise price corresponds to K. The dividend yield corresponds to q. The safe interest rate corresponds to r. Here, volatility is the expected volatility, and the higher the volatility, the higher the likelihood that the option will be exercised. On the other hand, the concept of volatility is not suitable for coupons because they are distributed free of charge, but it is possible to apply the above trend. In this embodiment, from this point of view, the third variable σ is set to a value corresponding to the transaction frequency.

When the coupon value is actually quantified, the user operates the coupon value quantification device 100, and the CPU 10 executes the coupon value quantification program as shown in the flow chart of FIG. First, from step 200 in FIG. 2, the calculation of the coupon value amount is started.

Next, in step 201, the user inputs the amount S1 to be reduced by presenting the coupon, the right remaining period t1, which is the period from the current time to the expiration date, and the transaction frequency σ1 of the provider and the beneficiary. Input to part 40 . The amount S1 and the right remaining period t1 can be input by the user by reading information such as the degree of reduction and expiration date displayed on the coupon. As the transaction frequency σ1, the number of visits per year or the transaction frequency is input.

Next, at step 202, the CPU 10 calculates the first Determine the variable S, the second variable t, and the third variable σ.
S=S1 (4)
t=t1/365 (5)
σ=(σ1/365)*100 (6)

Next, at step 203, the CPU 10 determines "d1" based on the above-determined first variable S, second variable t, third variable σ, and formula (2) above (formula ( 1), formulas (2) and formulas (3)). Here, "S (determined at step 202)", "0 (zero)" and "0 (zero)" are substituted for "K", "q" and "r", respectively.

Next, at step 204, the CPU 10 determines "d2" based on the determined second variable t, third variable σ, "d1" and equation (3) (equation (1 ), see formulas (2) and (3)).

Next, at step 205, the CPU 10 determines the coupon value amount C based on the determined first variable S, second variable t, "d1", "d2", and the above equation (1). (See formulas (1), (2), and (3) above). Here, 'K', 'q', and 'r' are determined to be 'S', '0 (zero)', and '0 (zero)' in step 203, respectively, and these determined values are used. .

Then, at step 206 , the CPU 10 outputs the determined coupon value amount C to the output unit 50 . Thereby, the user can confirm the coupon value amount C output by the output unit 50 .

<Sample calculation of coupon value>
A specific trial calculation example of the coupon value amount C determined by the coupon value quantification program as described above will be described below.

<<Calculation example 1>>
3 is a graph showing the relationship between the coupon value amount C and each variable in Trial Calculation Example 1. FIG. Trial calculation example 1 is an example of trial calculation of the coupon value amount C when the first variable S and the third variable σ are varied, and the second variable t is fixed. In Trial Calculation Example 1, it is assumed that two types of coupons have different amounts S1 to be reduced by presenting the coupons and have the same remaining right period t1, which is the period from the current time to the expiration date. For each of the two types of coupon conditions, the transaction frequency σ1 of the provider and the beneficiary is greatly changed, and the change trend of the coupon value amount C is output. The conditions of Trial Calculation Example 1-1 and Trial Calculation Example 1-2 are shown below for two types of coupons.

Conditions for Trial Calculation 1-1:
S1 = 100 yen t1 = 6 days σ1 = 1 to 365 times

Conditions for Trial Calculation Example 1-2:
S1 = 200 yen t1 = 6 days σ1 = 1 to 365 times

FIG. 3A is a graph corresponding to Trial Calculation Example 1-1. The vertical axis on the right side of the graph indicates the coupon value amount C, and the horizontal axis indicates the transaction frequency σ1 and the third variable σ. In the range of σ1≦73 and σ≦20.00, C=0. After σ1=74 and σ=20.27, C increases and approaches 100 yen. The coupon value amount C is determined to be a larger value as the third variable σ is larger. The vertical axis on the left side of the graph indicates the number of people through the distribution corresponding to the transaction frequency σ1 when coupons are distributed to 10,000 beneficiaries. The distribution in FIG. 3(a) is calculated based on the probability mass function of the Poisson distribution, assuming that 450 out of 10,000 people have a transaction frequency of 80 times a year (80 days a year). It is what was done. The total amount obtained by multiplying 10,000 people by S1 = 100 yen is 1,000,000 yen, while the total amount obtained by multiplying the number of people according to the above distribution by the coupon value amount C is 1,868 yen. . That is, while the surface value of the coupon is 1,000,000 yen in face value, according to Trial Calculation Example 1-1, the value of the coupon is quantified as 1,868 yen. In the following graphs, the left-right vertical axis and horizontal axis of the graph are the same as those in FIG. 3(a).

FIG. 3B is a graph corresponding to Trial Calculation Example 1-2. In the range of σ1≦92 and σ≦25.21, C=0. After σ1=93 and σ=25.48, C increases and approaches 200 yen. As can be seen by comparison with FIG. 3A, the coupon value amount C is determined to be a larger value as the first variable S is larger. The distribution in FIG. 3(b) is calculated based on the probability mass function of the Poisson distribution, assuming that 330 out of 10,000 people have a transaction frequency of 150 times a year (number of visits on 150 days a year). It is what was done. The total amount obtained by multiplying 10,000 people by S1 = 200 yen is 2,000,000 yen, while the total amount obtained by multiplying the number of people according to the above distribution by the coupon value amount C is 858,822 yen. . That is, while the face value of the coupon is 2,000,000 yen in face value, according to Trial Calculation Example 1-2, the value of the coupon is quantified as 858,822 yen.

<<Calculation example 2>>
4 is a graph showing the relationship between the coupon value amount C and each variable in Trial Calculation Example 2. FIG. Trial calculation example 2 is an example of trial calculation of the coupon value amount C when the first variable S is fixed and the second variable t and the third variable σ are changed. In Trial Calculation Example 2, it is assumed that four types of coupons have the same amount of money S1 to be reduced when the coupon is presented, and different rights remaining periods t1, which are periods from the current time to the expiration date. For each of the four types of coupon conditions, the transaction frequency σ1 of the provider and the beneficiary was greatly changed, and the change trend of the coupon value amount C was output. The conditions of Trial Calculation Example 2-1, Trial Calculation Example 2-2, Trial Calculation Example 2-3, and Trial Calculation Example 2-4 are shown below for four types of coupons.

Conditions for calculation example 2-1:
S1 = 100 yen t1 = 6 days σ1 = 1 to 365 times

Conditions for calculation example 2-2:
S1 = 100 yen t1 = 5 days σ1 = 1 to 365 times

Conditions for calculation example 2-3:
S1 = 100 yen t1 = 1 day σ1 = 1 to 365 times

Conditions for calculation example 2-4:
S1 = 100 yen t1 = 58 days σ1 = 1 to 365 times

FIG. 4(a) is a graph corresponding to Trial Calculation Example 2-1, Trial Calculation Example 2-2, and Trial Calculation Example 2-3. The conditions of Trial Calculation 2-1 are the same as those of Trial Calculation 1-1 described above, and the description of the graph of Trial Calculation 2-1 is omitted. In the graph corresponding to Trial Calculation Example 2-2, C=0 in the range of σ1≦80 and σ≦21.92. After σ1=81 and σ=22.19, C increases and approaches 100 yen. t1=5 days in Trial Calculation 2-2 is one day shorter than t1=6 days in Trial Calculation 2-1. In this case, it can be seen that the value of the coupon greatly changes for those who have a transaction frequency corresponding to the rising region of each graph (e.g., equivalent to a transaction frequency of 1 to 3 times a week). On the other hand, it can be seen that the value of the coupon is almost unchanged for those who have a transaction frequency corresponding to the flat region of each graph (e.g., a daily transaction frequency or a frequency less than once a week).

In the graph corresponding to Trial Calculation Example 2-3, C=0 in the range of σ1≦179 and σ≦49.04. After σ1=180 and σ=49.32, C tends to increase, but does not reach 100 yen within the range of σ of this trial calculation. When t1=1 day in Trial Calculation Example 2-3, it can be seen that the coupon value amount C is less than 100 yen even for a person who trades every day of the year. It also turns out to be of little value to those who trade less frequently.

The distribution in FIG. 4(a) is calculated based on the probability mass function of the Poisson distribution, assuming that 450 out of 10,000 people have a transaction frequency of 80 times a year (80 days a year). It is what was done. The total amount obtained by multiplying 10,000 people by S1 = 100 yen is 1,000,000 yen. , 1,868 yen, 380 yen, and 0 yen in trial calculation examples 2-2 and 2-3. That is, while the surface value of the coupon is 1,000,000 yen in face value, according to the example calculations 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3, the value of the coupon is are quantified as 1,868 yen, 380 yen, and 0 yen.

FIG. 4B is a graph corresponding to Trial Calculation Example 2-4. In the range of σ1≦23 and σ≦6.30, C=0. After σ1=24 and σ=6.58, C increases and approaches 100 yen. As can be seen by comparison with FIG. 4A, the coupon value amount C is determined to be a larger value as the second variable t is larger. When t1=58 days in Trial Calculation Example 2-4, it can be seen that even for a person whose transaction frequency is about once a week, the coupon value amount C changes close to 100 yen.

The distribution of FIG. 4(b) is calculated based on the probability mass function of the Poisson distribution, assuming that 400 out of 10,000 people have a transaction frequency of 100 times a year (number of visits on 100 days a year). It is what was done. The total amount obtained by multiplying 10,000 people by S1 = 100 yen is 1,000,000 yen, while the total amount obtained by multiplying the number of people according to the above distribution by the coupon value amount C is 999,933 yen. be. That is, while the face value of the coupon is 1,000,000 yen in face value, according to Trial Calculation Example 2-4, the value of the coupon is quantified as 999,933 yen.

<Effects of Embodiment>
As described above, according to the coupon value quantification device 100 according to the above embodiment, the first variable S, the second variable t, and the third variable is a variable corresponding to the frequency of These factors influence the degree to which beneficiaries of the goods or services find it attractive to exercise the coupons issued. That is, it is possible to define a relationship in which the value of the coupon also varies according to variations in the first variable S, the second variable t, and the third variable σ. The sensitivity of each variable to variations can be adjusted for varying coupon values. Therefore, the value of the coupon can be appropriately quantified by using the function C(S, t, σ) that defines this relationship.

Moreover, especially in the above-described embodiment, the first variable S is set to a larger value as the degree of reduction increases. The second variable t is set to a larger value as the right remaining term is longer. The third variable σ is set to a larger value as the transaction frequency increases. In this way, each variable can be set with an appropriate trend of change. In addition, the function C (S, t, σ) is such that the coupon value amount C increases as the first variable S increases, increases as the second variable t increases, and increases as the third variable σ increases. specified to be greater than Therefore, it is possible to accurately quantify the value of the coupon using the function C(S, t, σ) having an appropriate change tendency.

Moreover, especially in the above-described embodiment, the first variable S is the amount S1 that is actually reduced in the transaction. The second variable t is a value obtained by dividing the rights remaining term t1 by 365 days. The third variable σ is a value obtained by dividing the transaction frequency σ1 by 365 days and multiplying the value by 100. Also, the function C(S, t, σ) is defined by the above formula (1). This model is based on financial engineering. That is, it is possible to construct a highly accurate function C(S, t, σ) by improving a proven model. Therefore, the value of the coupon can be more accurately and easily quantified. In addition, a coupon value amount C is determined as a quantified value of the coupon. Therefore, the coupon value amount C can be directly compared with the face value of the coupon (the amount displayed on the coupon).

In addition, in the above embodiment, in particular, as the nature of the coupon, the amount that can be reduced when the beneficiary exercises the right (the amount displayed on the coupon) and the amount that is actually reduced in the transaction with the provider and are matched. In addition, it is distributed free of charge to beneficiaries, and dividends and interest are not generated when beneficiaries own it. In view of these, the function C(S, t, σ) is constructed such that S and K are equal and q and r are zero in equations (1), (2), and (3). be done. In this way, the calculations in each formula can be simplified while reflecting the properties of this coupon. Therefore, when determining the coupon value amount C, the calculation load can be reduced while ensuring accuracy.

Note that the components of the coupon value quantification device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the functions in the coupon value quantification program, variables, etc. may be those within the scope of the claims, and are not limited to those of the above embodiment. .

In the coupon value quantification device 100 of the above embodiment, when determining the coupon value amount C, the function C (S, t, σ) defined by the above equation (1) is used as a model based on financial engineering. ing. Instead of this, other expressions/functions may be used as modifications. As other formulas/functions, for example, those constructed based on models corresponding to various exotic options are used. Various exotic options include digital options, spread options, power options, exchange options, cash on delivery options, barrier options (knock-in, knock-out options), lookback options, compound options, chooser options, Asian options, double barrier options. , cricket option, basket option, rainbow option, and Edokko option according to the type of coupon.

Further, in the coupon value quantification device 100 of the above embodiment, the coupon value quantification program stored in the ROM 20 causes the coupon value quantification device 100 to function so as to output a value obtained by quantifying the value of the coupon. It has become. Alternatively, for example, any computer-readable storage medium different from the ROM 20 may be used in which the coupon value quantification program is recorded. In this case, the storage medium allows any computer to function to output a value that quantifies the value of the coupon. Alternatively, the coupon value amount C may be determined through a method corresponding to steps 200 to 206 in FIG. 2 using predetermined calculation software or the like. Also in this case, the function C(S, t, σ) defined by the above formula (1) may be used as a model based on financial engineering, or other formulas/functions may be used.

100... Coupon value quantification device, 10... CPU, 20... ROM, 30... RAM, 40... Input unit, 50... Output unit, C... Coupon value amount, C (S, t, σ)... Function, S... th 1 variable, t... second variable, σ... third variable, S1... reduced amount, t1... right remaining period, σ1... transaction frequency

前記式（１）において、Ｎ（ｄ１）及びＮ（ｄ２）は、ｄ１及びｄ２を変数とする標準正規分布の累積確立密度関数をそれぞれ表し、前記ｄ１及び前記ｄ２は、下記式（２）及び下記式（３）にてそれぞれ規定され、

前記式（１）、前記式（２）、及び、前記式（３）において、Ｃは、前記クーポンの価値金額を表し、Ｓは、前記第１変数を表し、ｔは、前記第２変数を表し、σは、前記第３変数を表し、Ｋは、前記クーポンの前記権利を行使する際に前記減額可能な金額を表し、ｑは、前記クーポンの前記所定期間における配当利回りを表し、ｒは、前記クーポンの前記所定期間における安全利子率を表し、ｅは、ネイピア数を表し、Ｌｎは、自然対数を表す処理と、をコンピュータに実行させることにある。 The features of the coupon value quantification program according to the present invention are the amount actually reduced in the transaction, the remaining right period which is the period from the current time to the expiration date, and the transaction of the provider and the beneficiary. A first variable corresponding to the degree of reduction and the remaining period of right based on the processing of accepting the frequency, the received amount, the accepted remaining period of right, and the accepted frequency of the transaction and a third variable corresponding to the frequency of the transaction, wherein the first variable is set to the amount actually reduced in the transaction, a process of setting the second variable to a value obtained by dividing the remaining right period by a predetermined period, and setting the third variable to a value obtained by dividing the transaction frequency by the predetermined period; The first variable, the second variable that is set, and the third variable that is set, the first variable, the second variable, the third variable, and the value of the coupon are quantified A function stored in a computer that defines the relationship between quantified values, and is input to a function corresponding to a model constructed based on financial engineering, and outputs a value that quantifies the value of the coupon. There is
The function is
Defined by the following formula (1),

In the above formula (1), N (d1) and N (d2) represent the cumulative probability density functions of the standard normal distribution with d1 and d2 as variables, respectively, and the d1 and d2 are the following formulas (2) and Each defined by the following formula (3),

In the formulas (1), (2), and (3), C represents the value of the coupon, S represents the first variable, and t represents the second variable. where σ represents the third variable, K represents the amount that can be reduced when exercising the right of the coupon, q represents the dividend yield of the coupon over the predetermined period, and r represents , represents the safe interest rate of the coupon for the predetermined period, e represents Napier's number, and Ln represents the natural logarithm .

The coupon value quantification method according to the present invention is applied to a transaction of a predetermined product or service, and when presented by the beneficiary of the product or service, the price is reduced from the predetermined price determined in advance by the provider of the product or service. A method for computationally quantifying the value of a coupon that grants a beneficiary the right to complete a transaction with a company, the coupon having a provider-defined expiration date for the right.

The features of the coupon value quantification method according to the present invention are the amount actually reduced in the transaction, the remaining right period which is the period from the current time to the expiration date, and the transaction of the provider and the beneficiary. a first variable corresponding to the degree of reduction and the remaining right period based on the received amount, the accepted remaining right period, and the accepted frequency of the transaction; and a third variable corresponding to the frequency of the transaction, wherein the first variable is set to the amount actually reduced in the transaction; setting a second variable to a value obtained by dividing the remaining right period by a predetermined period, and setting the third variable to a value obtained by dividing the transaction frequency by the predetermined period; The first variable, the second variable that is set, and the third variable that is set, the first variable, the second variable, the third variable, and the value of the coupon are quantified A step of inputting a function stored in a computer that defines a relationship between the values that have been quantified into a function corresponding to a model constructed based on financial engineering and outputting a value that quantifies the value of the coupon There is
The function is provided with a step defined by the above formula (1) .

The features of the coupon value quantification device according to the present invention are the amount actually reduced in the transaction, the remaining right period which is the period from the current time to the expiration date, and the transaction of the provider and the beneficiary. A first variable corresponding to the degree of reduction and the remaining period of right based on the processing of accepting the frequency, the received amount, the accepted remaining period of right, and the accepted frequency of the transaction and a third variable corresponding to the frequency of the transaction, wherein the first variable is set to the amount actually reduced in the transaction, a process of setting the second variable to a value obtained by dividing the remaining right period by a predetermined period, and setting the third variable to a value obtained by dividing the transaction frequency by the predetermined period; The first variable, the second variable that is set, and the third variable that is set, the first variable, the second variable, the third variable, and the value of the coupon are quantified A function stored in a computer that defines the relationship between quantified values, and is input to a function corresponding to a model constructed based on financial engineering, and outputs a value that quantifies the value of the coupon. and the function is to execute the processing defined by the above formula (1) .

Claims (7)

Applies to a transaction in a given good or service and, when offered by a beneficiary of said good or service, effecting said transaction at a price less than a predetermined price predetermined by the provider of said good or service. Coupon value that is a program for operating a computer to output a value that quantifies the value of the coupon with the expiration date of the right defined by the provider A quantification program,
at least,
a first variable corresponding to the degree of reduction;
a second variable corresponding to the remaining period of rights, which is the period from the current time to the expiration date;
a third variable corresponding to the frequency of said transactions of said provider and said beneficiary;
a function that defines the relationship between the first variable, the second variable, the third variable, and a value that quantifies the value of the coupon;
On the basis of,
A coupon value quantification program that causes a computer to output a value that quantifies the value of said coupon. The coupon value quantification program according to claim 1,
The first variable is
It is set to a larger value as the degree of reduction is larger,
The second variable is
is set to a larger value as the remaining right period is longer,
The third variable is
It is set to a larger value as the frequency of the transaction is higher,
The function is
Coupon value quantification defined such that the value of the coupon is larger as the first variable is larger, larger as the second variable is larger, and larger as the third variable is larger. program. In the coupon value quantification program according to claim 2,
The first variable is
The amount that is actually reduced in the transaction,
The second variable is
A value obtained by dividing the right remaining period by a predetermined period,
The third variable is
A value obtained by dividing the transaction frequency by the predetermined period,
The function is
Defined by the following formula (1),

In the above formula (1),
N(d1) and N(d2) are
Represent the cumulative probability density functions of the standard normal distribution with d1 and d2 as variables, respectively,
The d1 and the d2 are
Defined respectively by the following formulas (2) and (3) below,

In the formula (1), the formula (2), and the formula (3),
C represents the value amount of the coupon,
S represents the first variable;
t represents the second variable;
σ represents the third variable,
K represents the amount that can be reduced when exercising the right of the coupon;
q represents the dividend yield of the coupon for the predetermined period;
r represents a safe rate of interest for the coupon for the predetermined period;
e represents the Napier number,
Ln represents the natural logarithm,
As a value that quantifies the value of the coupon,
A coupon value quantification program for outputting the value amount of the coupon. In the coupon value quantification program according to claim 3,
The coupon is
The amount that can be reduced when the beneficiary exercises the right and the amount that is actually reduced in the transaction with the provider match, and the dividend and not earn interest,
The function is
In the formula (1), the formula (2), and the formula (3),
A coupon value quantification program configured such that said S and said K are equal and said q and said r are zero. A computer-readable recording medium recording the program according to any one of claims 1 to 4. Applies to a transaction in a given good or service and, when offered by a beneficiary of said good or service, effecting said transaction at a price less than a predetermined price predetermined by the provider of said good or service. A coupon value quantification method for quantifying the value of a coupon that grants the beneficiary the right to purchase a coupon whose expiration date is defined by the provider,
at least,
a first variable corresponding to the degree of reduction;
a second variable corresponding to the remaining period of rights, which is the period from the current time to the expiration date;
a third variable corresponding to the frequency of said transactions of said provider and said beneficiary;
a function that defines the relationship between the first variable, the second variable, the third variable, and a value that quantifies the value of the coupon;
On the basis of,
A coupon value quantification method for quantifying the value of the coupon. Applies to a transaction in a given good or service and, when offered by a beneficiary of said good or service, effecting said transaction at a price less than a predetermined price predetermined by the provider of said good or service. A coupon value quantification device that outputs a value obtained by quantifying the value of a coupon that grants the user the right to purchase a coupon whose expiration date is specified by the provider,
at least,
a first variable corresponding to the degree of reduction;
a second variable corresponding to the remaining period of rights, which is the period from the current time to the expiration date;
a third variable corresponding to the frequency of said transactions of said provider and said beneficiary;
a function that defines the relationship between the first variable, the second variable, the third variable, and a value that quantifies the value of the coupon;
On the basis of,
A coupon value quantification device that outputs a value obtained by quantifying the value of the coupon.

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