JP2022115597A - building - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a building which can constitute a flat roof even in a land with a difference of elevation.SOLUTION: A building is a building built over a step that is a boundary between a high land side and a low land side in a land with a difference of elevation. The building includes a building body formed with an indoor space. The building body includes a ceiling beam which constitutes a first-floor ceiling and extends in a horizontal direction, and a support member which supports the ceiling beam at a predetermined height. The support member supports the ceiling beam so that a height of the ceiling beam is kept constant between the high land side and the low land side.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

The present invention relates to buildings.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as described in Patent Document 1, there has been known a unit-type building in which a plurality of building units having a rectangular parallelepiped frame made up of columns and beams are arranged side by side on a foundation and constructed.

The unit-type building described in Patent Document 1 is built on an uneven foundation having a high plane portion as a high plane portion, a low plane portion as a low plane portion, and an inclined portion connecting these plane portions. there is The ceiling of this unit-type building has a stepped shape corresponding to the shape of the foundation in order to maintain the floor height between the highland side and the lowland side. That is, the ceiling height of the first floor in the lower plane part is lower than the ceiling height of the first floor in the higher plane part.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-235788

In the unit-type building described in Patent Document 1, the ceiling also has a stepped shape in accordance with the shape of the foundation. For this reason, for example, in the case of a building having only a first floor (one-storied house), it is difficult to construct a flat roof because it is unavoidable that a step occurs on the roof.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a building capable of constructing a flat roof even on land with a difference in height.

A building according to one aspect of the present invention is a building built across a step that is a boundary between a highland side and a lowland side on land with a difference in height. The building includes a building body in which an indoor space is formed. The building body constitutes the ceiling of the first floor and includes horizontally extending ceiling beams and support members that support the ceiling beams at a predetermined height. The support member supports the ceiling beam so that the height of the ceiling beam is maintained constant between the highland side and the lowland side.

The above building is built over a step on the land, but the height of the ceiling beam is maintained constant between the highland side and the lowland side. Therefore, the height of the first floor ceiling of the building body can be kept constant between the highland side and the lowland side. Therefore, unlike conventional buildings, flat roofs can be constructed even on land with height differences.

In the building described above, the support member may include a foundation and a plurality of pillars arranged on the foundation. The plurality of pillars includes a highland side pillar arranged on the foundation on the highland side, and a lowland side pillar arranged on the foundation on the lowland side and longer than the highland side pillar. You may have

According to this configuration, the height of the ceiling beam can be kept constant by adjusting the length of the pillar without significantly changing the shape of the foundation.

In the building described above, the building body may include a partition wall that partitions the indoor space into a plurality of areas. The partition wall may be arranged at a position corresponding to the step.

According to this configuration, it is possible to prevent the floor height from changing in one area within the building body.

The building may further include a roof that extends outward from the outer circumference of the building body and covers the external space from above, and a plurality of roof pillars that support the roof from below. The plurality of roof pillars may include a first pillar and a second pillar shorter than the first pillar. The first pillar may have a first body pillar that supports the roof and a first decorative material that surrounds the first body pillar. The second pillar includes a second main pillar that supports the roof and has a smaller cross-sectional area than the first main pillar, and a second main pillar that surrounds the second main pillar and has the same outer size as the first decorative material. You may have a cosmetic material.

According to this configuration, among the plurality of pillars that support the roof, the cross-sectional area of the relatively short second body pillars is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the relatively long first body pillars. Shorter columns require less strength and require less cross-sectional area to support the roof than longer columns. Therefore, compared to a building in which the cross-sectional areas of the first body pillars and the second body pillars are the same, it is possible to support the roof while suppressing waste of pillar materials. Moreover, since the first decorative member and the second decorative member have the same outer size, the columns can be unified in appearance even if the cross-sectional areas of the first and second main pillars are different.

In the building described above, the roof may be a sloped roof whose height changes along the roof surface. The first column may support a first height portion of the roof. The second pillar may support a second height portion of the roof that is lower than the first height portion.

In the building described above, the plurality of roof pillars may include a flat pillar having a cross section that is long in one direction. The flat pillars may be provided so that their longitudinal directions face the inside and outside directions of the building.

According to this configuration, the open area between the pillars becomes wider than when the flat pillars are provided so that the lateral direction faces the inside and outside of the building, and the effect of shielding the space under the eaves from the outside is also obtained.

In the building described above, the flat pillar may be provided in an outer peripheral portion on the south side of the building.

According to this configuration, the south side flat pillar can prevent the penetration of the afternoon sun into the building body.

As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a building capable of constructing a flat roof even on land with a difference in height.

1 is a plan view schematically showing the structure of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. Figure 2 is an elevational view seen from the direction indicated by arrow II in Figure 1; Figure 2 is an elevational view seen from the direction indicated by arrow III in Figure 1; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along line IV-IV in FIG. 1; It is a sectional view showing typically the internal structure of the 1st pillar. It is a sectional view showing typically the internal structure of the 2nd pillar. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the internal structure of a south side column. It is a figure which shows typically the joining structure of a 1st pillar and a roof. It is a figure which shows typically the joining structure of a 1st main-body pillar and a foundation.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

A building 1 according to the present embodiment is a one-story wooden large-scale public facility of several tens of meters, and includes a building body 10 in which an indoor space is formed. As shown in FIG. 1, the indoor space includes a plurality of areas partitioned from each other by partition walls, such as various store areas IS1 to IS7, IS11, eat-in area IS8, electrical equipment area IS9, and passage area IS10. Although illustration is omitted, a lodging area, a bathing area, and the like are also provided in another building built on the same site as the building body 10 .

The building body 10 includes an east side wall 11 facing east, a west side wall 12 facing west, a south side wall 13 facing south, and a north side wall 14 facing north. These outer walls constitute the outer periphery of the building body 10 .

As shown in FIG. 1, the shop areas IS1 to IS3 are provided to face the outer wall 13 on the south side, and the shop areas IS4 to IS6 and IS11 are provided to face the outer wall 12 on the west side. As shown in FIG. 2, the west outer wall 12 is provided with a plurality of windows 12A arranged in a horizontal direction for visually recognizing the inside of the store areas IS4 to IS6. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 3, the south outer wall 13 is provided with a plurality of windows 13A arranged in the horizontal direction for viewing the inside of the store areas IS1 to IS3.

In the building 1 according to the present embodiment, a west under-eaves space OS1 (external space) extending along the west-side outer wall 12 and a south-side under-eaves space OS2 (external space) extending along the south-side outer wall 13 are provided (FIG. 1). shaded area inside). As shown in FIG. 1, the space OS1 under the eaves on the west side is a rectangular space elongated in the north-south direction in plan view, and is used as a food court in which, for example, tables and chairs are installed. The south-side under-eaves space OS2 is a rectangular space elongated in the east-west direction and is provided continuously with the west-side under-eaves space OS1. A staircase 80A is provided in the space OS2 under the eaves on the south side. Both the west under-eaves space OS1 and the south under-eaves space OS2 are separated from the indoor space by the outer wall of the building body 10 and open to the exterior space of the building 1 .

One or both of the west under eaves space OS1 and the south under eaves space OS2 may be omitted. Spaces under the eaves may also be provided on the north and east sides of the building 1 .

The building 1 has a roof 20 that extends outward (towards the paper surface of FIGS. 2 and 3) from the outer periphery of the building body 10 (outer surfaces of the west-side outer wall 12 and the south-side outer wall 13). The roof 20 covers the west under-eaves space OS1 and the south under-eaves space OS2 from above. The roof 20 in this embodiment is a sloped roof whose height changes along the roof surface when viewed from the direction of arrow II in FIG. ). On the other hand, in the roof 20 of this embodiment, an eaves purlin 24 constituting the eaves extends horizontally when viewed from the direction of arrow III in FIG. 1 (FIG. 3). As shown in FIG. 3, the building 1 is built across the step ST1 that is the boundary between the highland side and the lowland side on a land with a height difference. constant between sides.

The building 1 includes a plurality of west pillars 30 (roof pillars) and a plurality of south pillars 90 that support the roof 20 from below. As shown in FIG. 1, the west pillar 30 is arranged on the outer periphery of the building 1 on the west side (left side in FIG. 1), and the south pillar 90 is arranged on the outer periphery on the south side of the building 1 (south side in FIG. 1). placed in the department. That is, the west edge of the roof 20 is supported by the west pillar 30 , and the south edge of the roof 20 (the eaves purlin 24 ) is supported by the south pillar 90 . The west pillars 30 and the south pillars 90 are arranged in a row with equal intervals therebetween.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the multiple west pillars 30 include a first pillar 31 and a second pillar 32 shorter than the first pillar 31 . The first pillar 31 supports the first height portion 21A of the roof 20 (the top of the roof 20 in this embodiment). On the other hand, the second pillar 32 supports a second height portion 22A of the roof 20 that is lower than the first height portion 21A.

The load applied from the roof 20 to the west pillar 30 increases according to the length of the west pillar 30 . The first pillar 31 has a length such that the load received from the roof 20 exceeds a predetermined threshold value, and the second pillar 32 has a length such that the load received from the roof 20 does not exceed the predetermined threshold value.

As shown in FIG. 3, when viewed from the direction of arrow III in FIG. 1, a step ST1 is formed on the ground G1, and the building 1 is built so as to straddle the step ST1. A staircase 80A (FIG. 1) is provided corresponding to this step ST1. As viewed from the direction of arrow III in FIG. 1, the eaves purlin 24 of the roof 20 extends while maintaining a constant height in the horizontal direction, and is supported from below by the south side pillar 90 . Therefore, the height of the south column 90 differs between one side and the other side of the step ST1. That is, a relatively long south pillar 90 is arranged on the ground G1 on the low ground side, while a relatively short south pillar 90 is arranged on the ground G1 on the high ground side.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along line IV-IV in FIG. In FIG. 4, the dashed-dotted line labeled L1 indicates the height (ground level) of the ground G1 on the low-lying side with the step ST1 as the boundary. A dashed-dotted line labeled L2 indicates the ground level of the ground G1 on the highland side with the step ST1 as a boundary. The one-dot chain line labeled L3 indicates the floor level of the building body 10 (FIG. 1).

The building body 10 constitutes the first floor ceiling of the building body 10 and includes horizontally extending ceiling beams 25 and support members that support the ceiling beams 25 at a predetermined height. The support member in this embodiment includes a foundation 80 and a plurality of pillars 30A arranged on the foundation 80 .

As shown in FIG. 4, the foundation 80 includes a T-shaped foundation slab 81 buried in the ground and a horizontal dirt floor concrete 82 connecting the upper ends of the foundation slabs 81 together. The level of the floor substantially coincides with the upper end level of the base slab 81, as indicated by the dashed line labeled L3. A plurality of pillars 30A constituting the building body 10 (FIG. 1) are arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction on the floor surface. A partition wall 30B is provided in a portion of the floor surface corresponding to the step ST1.

The plurality of pillars 30A are arranged on the highland side (the left side of the step ST1 in FIG. 4) on the foundation 80, and on the lowland side (the right side of the step ST1 in FIG. 4) on the foundation 80. and a low side post positioned thereon. As shown in FIG. 4, in this embodiment, the lowland side pillars are longer than the highland side pillars.

A ceiling beam 25 on the first floor of the building body 10 extends horizontally across the step ST1. The support members (the foundation 80 and the pillars 30A) support the ceiling beams 25 from below so that the height of the ceiling beams 25 is kept constant between the highland side and the lowland side. That is, the ceiling beam 25 has the same height on one side and the other side of the step ST1. Therefore, on the lowland side (right side in FIG. 4) with respect to the step ST1, the floor height of the first floor indoor space in the building body 10 is relatively large, and on the highland side (Fig. 4) with respect to the step ST1. 4), the floor height of the indoor space on the first floor is relatively small.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view obtained by cutting the first column 31 perpendicularly to the length direction. As shown in FIG. 5, the first pillar 31 in this embodiment is a flat pillar having a cross section (rectangular cross section) that is long in one direction. The first pillar 31 includes a first body pillar 41 that supports the roof 20 from below, two first decorative pillars 42 and 43 arranged on both sides of the first body pillar 41, and surrounding these pillars. and a first decorative material 44 .

The first main body pillar 41 and the first decorative pillars 42, 43 in this embodiment are both wooden pillars with a square cross section, and the cross-sectional area of the first main body pillar 41 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the first decorative pillars 42, 43. It's getting bigger. The first main body pillar 41 and the first decorative pillars 42 and 43 are arranged in a line at regular intervals in the length direction of the first pillar 31 .

The first decorative member 44 is a cover member having a rectangular outer shape, and is divided into a plurality of members in this embodiment. Specifically, the first decorative member 44 includes a main cover portion forming the long side portion of the first pillar 31 and four L-shaped corner cover portions. Of the first body pillar 41 and the first decorative pillars 42 and 43, the first body pillar 41 mainly functions as a structural member that supports the roof 20. As shown in FIG. Therefore, the first decorative posts 42 and 43 may be omitted.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view obtained by cutting the second column 32 perpendicularly to the length direction, and corresponds to FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the second pillar 32 in this embodiment is a flat pillar having a cross section (rectangular cross section) that is long in one direction like the first pillar 31, and has the same cross-sectional size as the first pillar 31. is. As shown in FIG. 6, the second pillars 32 are composed of a second body pillar 51 that supports the roof 20 from below, and two second decorative pillars 52 and 53 arranged on both sides of the second body pillar 51. and a second veneer 54 surrounding these pillars. Like the first decorative member 44, the second decorative member 54 is divided into a plurality of members. As with the first pillar 31 , of the second main pillar 51 and the second decorative pillars 52 and 53 , it is the second main pillar 51 that mainly functions as a structural member that supports the roof 20 . Therefore, the second decorative pillars 52 and 53 may be omitted.

Both the second main body pillar 51 and the second decorative pillars 52 and 53 are wooden pillars with a square cross section. The second body pillar 51 and the second decorative pillars 52 and 53 are arranged in a line at regular intervals in the length direction of the second pillar 32 . As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the cross-sectional area of the second body post 51 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the first body post 41, and the outer size of the second decorative member 54 is the same as that of the first decorative member 44. It is the same as the external size. Therefore, although the first pillar 31 and the second pillar 32 have different cross-sectional sizes of the main body pillars arranged inside, uniformity in appearance is achieved.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view obtained by cutting the south pillar 90 perpendicularly to the length direction. As shown in FIG. 7 , the south pillar 90 is a flat pillar having a cross section (rectangular cross section) that is long in one direction, like the west pillar 30 . The south side pillar 90 includes two inner pillars 91 and 92 that support the eaves purlin 24 ( FIG. 3 ) of the roof 20 from below, and a decorative material 93 that surrounds the inner pillars 91 and 92 .

The inner pillars 91 and 92 are both wooden pillars with a square cross-section and have the same cross-sectional area. The inner pillars 91 and 92 are arranged in a line with a space therebetween in the longitudinal direction of the south pillar 90 .

The decorative material 93 is a cover material having a rectangular outer shape and is divided into a plurality of members. Specifically, the decorative material 93 includes a main cover portion forming the long side portion of the south side pillar 90 and four L-shaped corner cover portions.

As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, flat columns (west side column 30 and south side column 90) are provided on both the west side and the south side of the building 1 at the outer periphery. Here, each flat pillar is provided so that the longitudinal direction faces the inside-outside direction of the building 1 (the direction perpendicular to the outer wall of the building body 10). As a result, it becomes easier to enter and exit the space OS1 under the eaves on the west side and the space under the eaves on the south side OS2, and it becomes easier to visually recognize the situation in the store areas IS1 to IS6, compared to the case where load-bearing walls are used instead of the flat columns.

FIG. 8 shows in detail the joint structure between the first pillar 31 and the roof 20 in region VIII in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8 , the roof 20 includes a plurality of inclined beams 21 inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the horizontal plane, and a plurality of purlins 22 extending in a direction perpendicular to the inclined beams 21 . A plurality of purlins 22 are arranged at equal intervals in the inclination direction of the roof 20 (horizontal direction in FIG. 2). Members such as rafters and shingles are arranged on the purlin 22 .

The inclined beam 21 and the purlin 22 are attached to the upper ends of the first pillars 31, respectively. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, a hardware 60 is attached to the upper end of the first main body column 41 via an attachment pin. This hardware 60 is inserted into a groove (not shown) formed in one end of the inclined beam 21 , and a plurality of drift pins 61 are inserted into the one end of the inclined beam 21 and the hardware 60 . is fixed to the upper end of the first main body column 41 via a metal fitting 60 . On the other hand, the purlin 22 is mounted such that one end in the length direction is placed on the upper end of one first decorative pillar 42 (the decorative pillar inside the building 1).

As shown in FIG. 8, an outwardly projecting wooden projecting portion 63 is attached to the upper end of the first main body post 41 via hardware (not shown). The upper end of the other first decorative pillar 43 (the external decorative pillar of the building 1) is fixed to the front end of the projecting portion 63 via a pipe-shaped fixture 62 . Since the second pillar 32 is also joined to the roof 20 in the same manner as the first pillar 31, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 9 shows in detail the joint structure between the first main body column 41 and the foundation 80 .

As shown in FIG. 9 , the first main body column 41 is fixed on the foundation 80 via metal fittings 74 . Specifically, the hardware 74 includes a base portion 75 made of H-shaped steel and fixed to the upper surface of the foundation 80 by bolts 75A, and a plate portion 76 extending vertically upward from the upper flange of the base portion 75. including. The plate portion 76 is inserted into the lower end of the first main body column 41 , and one pin 72 is inserted into holes in the plate portion 76 and the lower end portions of the first main body column 41 . Thereby, the lower end of the first main body column 41 is fixed to the foundation 80 via the hardware 74 .

The first decorative posts 42 , 43 , the second main post 51 , and the second decorative posts 52 , 53 are also fixed on the foundation 80 by metal fittings 74 in the same manner as the first main post 41 . Since the description of the joint structure between each pillar and the foundation 80 is redundant, the description is omitted.

As described above, the building 1 according to the present embodiment is built across the step ST1 of the land, but the height of the ceiling beam 25 is maintained constant between the highland side and the lowland side. Therefore, the height of the first floor ceiling of the building body 10 can be kept constant between the highland side and the lowland side. Therefore, it is possible to configure a flat roof even on land with a difference in height.

In addition, since the roof 20 is supported by the west pillar 30 and the south pillar 90, the west under eaves space OS1 and the south under eaves space OS2 become more open than in a building in which the roof 20 is supported by load-bearing walls. Easier for people to get in and out. 5 and 6, of the plurality of west side pillars 30 that support the west portion of the roof 20, the second body pillar 51, which is relatively short, has a relatively long first body pillar 51. It is smaller than the cross-sectional area of 41. The short pillars have less endurance and a smaller required cross-sectional area than long pillars to support the roof 20 . Therefore, according to the building 1 according to the present embodiment, compared to a building in which the cross-sectional areas of the first body pillars 41 and the second body pillars 51 are the same, it is possible to support the roof 20 while suppressing waste of pillar materials. becomes possible. Moreover, since the first decorative member 44 and the second decorative member 54 have the same outer size, even if the cross-sectional areas of the first main body pillar 41 and the second main body pillar 51 are different, the appearance can be unified. .

Other embodiments of the invention will now be described.

In the present invention, the building structure is not limited to a wooden structure, and may be a steel frame structure. In this case, H-shaped steel or the like may be used as the first body column 41 and the second body column 51 , and the first body column 41 may be formed thicker than the second body column 51 . Also, the building of the present invention is not limited to a one-story building, and may be a building having two or more stories. For a one-story building, a flat roof can be constructed by keeping the ceiling beams 25 horizontal. On the other hand, in a building with two or more floors, the floor of the indoor space on the second floor can be made flat by keeping the ceiling beams 25 horizontal.

The first pillar 31 is not limited to supporting the top of the roof 20, and may support a portion lower than the top. Moreover, it is not limited to the case where the sloping roof is supported by the first pillar 31 and the second pillar 32 . For example, a flat roof is horizontally provided so as to straddle a step of the ground G1, a first pillar 31 is arranged on the ground G1 on the low ground side, and a second pillar 32 is arranged on the ground G1 on the high ground side. and the second pillar 32 may support the flat roof from below.

A flat pillar is not adopted as the west pillar 30 and the south pillar 90, and the cross-sectional shape of all or part of the west pillar 30 and the south pillar 90 may be square, for example.

The roof 20 is not limited to being entirely supported by the west pillars 30 and the south pillars 90, and may be partially supported by bearing walls.

It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed this time are illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the scope of the claims rather than the above description, and is intended to include all modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the scope of the claims.

Reference Signs List 1 building 10 building body 20 roof 21 first height portion 22 first height portion 25 ceiling beam 30 west pillar (roof pillar)
30A pillar (supporting member)
30B partition wall 31 first pillar 32 second pillar 41 first main pillar 44 first decorative material 51 second main pillar 54 second decorative material 80 foundation (supporting member)
OS1 West side under roof space (external space)
OS2 Space under the roof on the south side (outside space)
ST1 step

Claims (7)

A building built over a step that is the boundary between the highland side and the lowland side on land with a difference in elevation,
Equipped with a building body in which an indoor space is formed,
The building body is
A ceiling beam that constitutes the first floor ceiling and extends in the horizontal direction;
a support member that supports the ceiling beam at a predetermined height,
The building, wherein the support member supports the ceiling beam so that the height of the ceiling beam is maintained constant between the highland side and the lowland side. The support member includes a foundation and a plurality of pillars arranged on the foundation,
The plurality of pillars includes a highland side pillar arranged on the foundation on the highland side and a lowland side pillar arranged on the foundation on the lowland side and longer than the highland side pillar. , a building according to claim 1. The building body includes a partition wall that divides the indoor space into a plurality of areas,
The building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said partition wall is arranged at a position corresponding to said step. a roof extending outward from the outer periphery of the building body and covering the external space from above;
a plurality of roof pillars supporting the roof from below;
The plurality of roof pillars includes a first pillar and a second pillar shorter than the first pillar,
The first pillar has a first body pillar that supports the roof and a first decorative material that surrounds the first body pillar,
The second pillar includes a second main pillar that supports the roof and has a smaller cross-sectional area than the first main pillar, and a second main pillar that surrounds the second main pillar and has the same outer size as the first decorative material. The building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a decorative material. The roof is a sloped roof whose height changes along the roof surface,
the first pillar supports a first height portion of the roof;
5. The building of claim 4, wherein said second column supports a second height portion of said roof that is lower than said first height portion. The plurality of roof pillars include flat pillars having a cross section that is long in one direction,
The building according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the flat pillar is provided so that the longitudinal direction faces the inside and outside of the building. 7. The building according to claim 6, wherein said flat pillar is provided on the outer perimeter on the south side of said building.

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