JP2021030414A - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine tool capable of improving productivity. A machine tool 10 holds a tool and has a first tool post 41 capable of turning around a turning center axis 110, and a turning center axis 120 that holds the tool and extends in a direction orthogonal to the turning center axis 110. It is provided with a second tool post 51 that can rotate around the center, and a spindle 31 that holds the work and rotates the work around the rotation center axis 130 parallel to the rotation center axis 110. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

The present invention relates to a machine tool.

For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-221402 (Patent Document 1) discloses a vertical lathe system including a vertical lathe and a work transfer device for carrying in or out of a work in a processing area of the vertical lathe. .. The vertical lathe has a turret tool post that can rotate around a horizontal axis and a fixed tool post such as a comb tooth type.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-221402

As disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above, a machine tool provided with various turrets is known as a blade supporting means for supporting a blade such as a cutting tool or a rotary tool to be cut. In such a machine tool, it is required to improve the productivity by shortening the time required for machining the work.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to provide a machine tool capable of improving productivity.

A machine tool according to the present invention holds a tool and rotates around a first turret that can rotate around the first axis, and a second axis that holds the tool and extends in a direction orthogonal to the first axis. It is provided with a possible second tool post and a spindle that holds the work and rotates the work around a third axis parallel to the first axis.

According to the machine tool configured in this way, it has a first tool post having a swivel axis parallel to the rotation axis of the work on the headstock and a swivel axis orthogonal to the rotation axis of the work on the headstock. A second tool post is provided. In this case, by preferably using the tool held by the first turret and the tool held by the second turret for machining the work, the time required for machining the work can be shortened. As a result, it is possible to realize a machine tool with improved productivity.

Also preferably, the machine tool further comprises a bed to which the first turret and the second turret are fixed. The headstock is configured to be movable in the axial direction of the first axis, the axial direction of the second axis, and the direction orthogonal to the first axis and orthogonal to the second axis.

According to the machine tool configured in this way, since the first turret and the second turret are fixed to the bed, the spindle does not consider the interference between the first turret and the second turret. The work can be freely machined by moving the table in three axes.

Also preferably, the bed has a bottom surface and horizontally oriented sides. The first turret and the second turret are fixed to the side surface at a position separated upward from the bottom surface.

According to the machine tool configured in this way, when the work is machined by the tools held by the first tool post and the second tool post, the chips generated from the work fall downward due to its own weight. In this case, the space below the first turret and the second turret can be used to efficiently dispose of chips.

Also preferably, the first and third axes extend in the vertical direction. The second axis extends horizontally. The headstock is configured to hold the workpiece from above.

According to the machine tool configured in this way, for machining a workpiece on a so-called handstand lathe, a tool held on a first tool post having a swivel axis extending in the vertical direction and a second having a swivel axis extending in the horizontal direction. 2. By preferably using a tool held on the tool post, the time required for machining the work can be shortened.

Further, preferably, in the top view, the moving area of the tool held by the first turret when the first turret is turned overlaps with the second turret.

According to the machine tool configured in this way, since the first tool post and the second tool post are arranged close to each other in the top view, the machine tool can be miniaturized.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a machine tool capable of improving productivity.

It is a front view which shows the machine tool in embodiment of this invention. It is a side view which shows the machine tool in FIG. It is a top view which shows the machine tool in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the machine tool in FIG. It is a front view which shows the 1st process of work processing using the machine tool in FIG. It is a front view which shows the 2nd process of the work processing using the machine tool in FIG. It is a front view which shows the 3rd process of the work processing using the machine tool in FIG. It is a front view which shows the 4th process of the work processing using the machine tool in FIG. It is a front view which shows the 1st modification of the machine tool in FIG. It is a front view which shows the 2nd modification of the machine tool in FIG.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings referred to below, the same or corresponding members are given the same number.

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side view showing the machine tool in FIG. FIG. 3 is a top view showing the machine tool in FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the machine tool in FIG.

In FIGS. 1 to 4, the internal structure of the machine tool is shown by seeing through the cover body forming the appearance of the machine tool.

With reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, the machine tool 10 in the present embodiment is a lathe that performs work processing by bringing a tool into contact with a rotating work or a rotating tool by bringing a rotating tool into contact with a non-rotating work. The machine tool 10 is an NC (Numerically Control) machine tool in which various operations for machining a work are automated by numerical control by a computer.

In the present specification, an axis parallel to the left-right direction (width direction) of the machine tool 10 and extending in the horizontal direction is referred to as an "X-axis", and is parallel to the front-back direction (depth direction) of the machine machine 10 and is horizontal. The axis extending in the direction is called "Y axis", and the axis extending in the vertical direction is called "Z axis". The right direction in FIG. 1 is referred to as "+ X-axis direction", and the left direction is referred to as "-X-axis direction". The back direction of the paper surface in FIG. 1 is referred to as "+ Y-axis direction", and the front direction is referred to as "-Y-axis direction". The upward direction in FIG. 1 is referred to as "+ Z-axis direction", and the downward direction is referred to as "-Z-axis direction".

The machine tool 10 has a bed 11, a guide base 21, a saddle 24, a column 28, a headstock 31, a first tool post 41, and a second tool post 51.

The bed 11 is a base member for supporting the guide base 21, the saddle 24, the column 28, the headstock 31, the first tool post 41, the second tool post 51, etc., and is installed on the floor surface 100 of a factory or the like. There is. The bed 11 is made of a metal such as cast iron.

The bed 11 has a bottom portion 13 and a rising portion 12. The bottom 13 lies on the floor surface 100. In the top view shown in FIG. 3, the bottom portion 13 has a rectangular shape. The bottom portion 13 is fixed to the floor surface 100 by using anchor bolts (not shown) or the like. The bottom portion 13 has a bottom surface 14. The bottom surface 14 faces downward and faces the floor surface 100.

The rising portion 12 rises upward from the rear end portion of the bottom portion 13. The rising portion 12 has a vertical wall shape that stands on the floor surface 100. The rising portion 12 has a side surface 15. The side surface 15 is formed of a plane orthogonal to the Y-axis direction. The side surface 15 faces forward (in the −Y axis direction).

The information table 21 is attached to the bed 11. The guide base 21 is attached to the upper end portion of the rising portion 12.

The guide stand 21 is provided so as to be offset in the −X axis direction with respect to the bed 11. More specifically, the guide base 21 has a first end portion 21p and a second end portion 21q. The first end portion 21p corresponds to the end portion of the guide base 21 in the −X axis direction, and the second end portion 21q corresponds to the end portion of the guide base 21 in the + X axis direction. The guide base 21 extends in the X-axis direction from the first end portion 21p to the second end portion 21q. The first end portion 21p is provided at a position protruding from the bed 11 in the −X axis direction. The second end portion 21q is provided at a position directly above the bed 11.

With such a configuration, the guide base 21 has a protruding portion 22. The protruding portion 22 is a portion of the guide base 21 arranged at a position protruding from the bed 11 in the −X axis direction. A first end portion 21p is provided at the protruding end of the protruding portion 22. The protrusion 22 is not supported by the bed 11 (rising portion 12). The guide base 21 is provided with an overhang structure having a protruding portion 22 protruding from the bed 11 in the X-axis direction.

A step portion 16 is provided at the upper end portion of the rising portion 12. The step portion 16 is connected to the second end portion 21q of the guide base 21. The step portion 16 forms a step in the vertical direction with respect to the guide base 21. The step portion 16 does not support the guide stand 21.

The guide base 21 is not limited to the above, and may be provided with respect to the bed 11 so that the center position of the guide base 21 in the X-axis direction and the center position of the bed 11 in the X-axis direction are aligned.

The saddle 24 is attached to the guide stand 21. The saddle 24 is provided on the guide stand 21. The saddle 24 is provided so as to be slidable in the X-axis direction with respect to the guide base 21. The guide base 21 and the saddle 24 are appropriately provided with a feed mechanism, a guide mechanism, a servomotor as a drive source, and the like for enabling the saddle 24 to slide in the X-axis direction.

The column 28 is attached to the saddle 24. The column 28 is provided on the saddle 24. The column 28 is provided so as to be slidable in the Y-axis direction with respect to the saddle 24. The saddle 24 and the column 28 are appropriately provided with a feed mechanism, a guide mechanism, a servomotor as a drive source, and the like for enabling the column 28 to slide in the Y-axis direction.

The headstock 31 is configured so that the work can be rotated. The headstock 31 is configured to hold the work from above.

More specifically, the headstock 31 has a spindle 32. The spindle 32 is rotationally driven around a rotation center axis 130 (third axis) parallel to the Z axis. The rotation center axis 130 extends in the vertical direction. The spindle 32 is provided at the lower end of the spindle 31. The main shaft 32 is provided above the bottom portion 13. The spindle 32 is provided with a chuck 33 for holding the work detachably.

The headstock 31 is attached to the column 28. The headstock 31 is provided in front of the column 28. The headstock 31 is provided so as to be slidable in the Z-axis direction with respect to the column 28. The column 28 and the headstock 31 are appropriately provided with a feed mechanism, a guide mechanism, a servomotor as a drive source, and the like for enabling the headstock 31 to slide in the Z-axis direction.

By sliding the saddle 24 in the X-axis direction, sliding the column 28 in the Y-axis direction, and sliding the headstock 31 in the Z-axis direction, the position of the workpiece held by the spindle 32 is determined in the machining area. It can be moved three-dimensionally within.

The first tool post 41 and the second tool post 51 are configured to hold tools. The first tool post 41 and the second tool base 51 are configured to be able to hold a plurality of tools. A tool holder 61 is attached to the first tool post 41 and the second tool post 51. The tool is held by the first tool post 41 and the second tool post 51 via the tool holder 61.

In each of the turrets 41 and the second turret 51 in FIGS. 1 to 4, only one set of tool holder 61 and a tool are shown for simplification of illustration.

The first turret 41 and the second turret 51 are attached to the bed 11. The first turret 41 and the second turret 51 are fixed to the bed 11 (rising portion 12). The first turret 41 and the second turret 51 are fixed to the side surface 15 at positions separated upward from the bottom surface 14.

The first turret 41 and the second turret 51 are turret-type turrets. The first tool post 41 can be swiveled around a swivel center shaft 110 (first shaft) parallel to the Z axis. The swivel center axis 110 extends in the vertical direction. The second tool post 51 can be swiveled around a swivel center axis 120 (second axis) parallel to the X axis. The swivel center axis 120 extends in the horizontal direction.

The rotation center axis 110, which is the rotation axis of the first tool post 41, and the rotation center axis 130, which is the rotation axis of the work on the headstock 31, are in a parallel relationship. The rotation center axis 120, which is the rotation axis of the second tool post 51, and the rotation center axis 130, which is the rotation axis of the work on the headstock 31, are in an orthogonal relationship.

The first tool post 41 has a tool post base 42 and a turret 43. The tool post base 42 is fixed to the bed 11 (rising portion 12). The tool post base 42 projects forward from the side surface 15. The tool post base 42 has a built-in drive mechanism such as a motor or a gear for turning and driving the turret 43.

The turret 43 is provided above the tool post base 42. The turret 43 has a disk shape in which the axial direction of the turning center shaft 110 is the thickness direction. The turret 43 is connected to a drive mechanism built in the tool post base 42.

A plurality of tools are held side by side in the circumferential direction of the turning center axis 110 on the outer peripheral surface of the turret 43. The turret 43 rotates about the rotation center axis 110 by transmitting power from the tool post base 42. Along with the turning motion of the turret 43, a plurality of tools held by the turret 43 move in the circumferential direction of the turning center axis 110. As a result, one of the plurality of tools held by the turret 43 is indexed as a tool used for machining the work.

The second tool post 51 has a tool base 52 and a turret 53. The tool post base 52 is fixed to the bed 11 (rising portion 12). The tool post base 52 projects forward from the side surface 15. The tool post base 52 has a built-in drive mechanism such as a motor and gears for turning and driving the turret 53.

The turret 53 is provided on the side of the tool post base 52. The turret 53 is provided adjacent to the tool post base 52 in the X-axis direction. The turret 53 has a disk shape in which the axial direction of the turning center axis 120 is the thickness direction. The turret 53 is connected to a drive mechanism built in the tool post base 52.

A plurality of tools are held side by side in the circumferential direction of the turning center axis 120 on the outer peripheral surface of the turret 53. The turret 53 rotates about the rotation center axis 120 by transmitting power from the tool post base 52. Along with the turning motion of the turret 53, a plurality of tools held by the turret 53 move in the circumferential direction of the turning center axis 120. As a result, one of the plurality of tools held by the turret 53 is indexed as a tool used for machining the work.

In the top view shown in FIG. 3, the first tool post 41 is shown to be aligned with the second end portion 21q of the guide base 21 in the Y-axis direction. In the top view shown in FIG. 3, the straight line extending in the Y-axis direction through the turning center axis 110 of the turret 43 overlaps with the step portion 16. In the top view shown in FIG. 3, the second tool post 51 is shown to be aligned with the guide base 21 in the Y-axis direction.

As shown in FIG. 1, the first tool post 41 and the second tool post 51 are provided side by side in the X-axis direction. The tool post base 52 is located between the turret 53 and the first tool post 41 (the tool post base 42, the turret 43) in the X-axis direction. A part of the height area 160 where the first tool post 41 is provided in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction) and a part of the height area 150 where the second tool post 51 is provided in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction). , Overlapping. The turret 43 is provided above the second turret 51 (turret base 52, turret 53). The turret 43 is located above the turning center axis 120 of the turret 53.

As shown in FIG. 3, the turning center axis 110 of the turret 43 is located on a straight line extending the turning center axis 120 of the turret 53 in the X-axis direction. The tool held by the first tool post 41 moves within the moving region 140 indicated by the alternate long and short dash line as the turret 43 turns. In the top view shown in FIG. 3, the moving region 140 overlaps with the second tool post 51. The moving area 140 overlaps with the tool post base 52.

The first turret 41 and the second turret 51 have a built-in motor for rotating a rotary tool such as a drill held by each turret. The motor may be built in only one of the first turret 41 and the second turret 51. The first tool post 41 and the second tool base 51 may be configured so that only the fixing tool is mounted.

The machine tool 10 further includes a chip bucket 18. The chip bucket 18 is made of a box body capable of accommodating chips generated by processing the work. The bottom portion 13 is provided with a recess capable of receiving the chip bucket 18, and the chip bucket 18 is arranged in the recess.

The bottom portion 13 may be provided with a chip conveyor capable of transporting chips instead of the chip bucket 18. The bed 11 may not have a bottom 13 and the chip bucket 18 or the chip conveyor may be placed directly on the floor surface 100.

Subsequently, an example of workpiece processing using the machine tool 10 will be described. 5 to 8 are front views showing a work processing process using the machine tool in FIG. 1.

With reference to FIG. 5, the work W is held by the chuck 33 on the headstock 31. By turning the turret 43 in the first tool post 41, the tool 210 used for machining the work W is determined. By turning the turret 53 in the second tool post 51, the tool 220 used for machining the work W is indexed.

With reference to FIG. 6, the headstock 31 is appropriately moved in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction to be brought close to the first tool post 41 (fast-forwarding step). By appropriately moving the headstock 31 in the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction, the outer circumference of the work W is machined by the tool 210 held by the first tool post 41 (cutting feed step).

With reference to FIG. 7, the headstock 31 is appropriately moved in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction so as to be retracted from the first tool post 41 and brought closer to the second tool post 51 (fast forward). Process). By appropriately moving the headstock 31 in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction, a hole is drilled in the end face of the work W by the tool 220 held by the second tool post 51 (cutting feed step). During this time, the turret 43 is swiveled in the first tool post 41 to determine the tool 230 used for the next machining of the work W.

With reference to FIG. 8, the headstock 31 is appropriately moved in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction so as to be retracted from the second tool post 51 and brought closer to the first tool base 41 (fast forward). Process). By appropriately moving the headstock 31 in the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction, thread cutting is performed on the outer peripheral surface of the work W (cutting feed step).

As described above, in the machine tool 10, the first tool post 41 having a swivel shaft (swivel center shaft 110) parallel to the rotation shaft (rotation center shaft 130) of the work on the headstock 31 and the work on the headstock 31. A second turret 51 having a swivel shaft (swivel center shaft 120) orthogonal to the rotation shaft (rotation center shaft 130) of the above is provided. In this case, the time required for machining the work can be shortened by preferably using the tool held by the first tool post 41 and the tool held by the second tool post 51 for machining the work. it can.

For example, in the machining of the work W described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 8 above, the tool held by the first tool post 41 and the tool held by the second tool post 51 are alternately used. Therefore, it is possible to continuously process both the outer peripheral surface and the end surface of the work W. At this time, the tool 230 used for the next machining is indexed in the first tool post 41 during the work machining by the tool 220 held in the second tool post 51, so that the tool 230 is held in the second tool post 51. After the work machining by the tool 220 is completed, the work machining by the tool 230 held by the first tool post 41 can be immediately started.

Further, by providing the headstock 31 with the first tool post 41 and the second tool base 51 having the above-mentioned relationship, the types of tool holders 61 required for the machine tool 10 are reduced, and the types of tool holders 61 are reduced. It is possible to process the work from the axial direction and the radial direction of the rotation axis of the work.

Further, in the machine tool 10, the headstock 31 is configured to be movable in the three axial directions of the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis, while the first tool post 41 and the second tool post 51 are on the bed 11. It is fixed. According to such a configuration, the work can be freely machined by the three-axis movement of the headstock 31 without considering the interference between the first tool post 41 and the second tool post 51.

Further, in the machine tool 10, the first tool post 41 and the second tool post 51 are fixed to the side surface 15 of the bed 11 at a position away from the bottom surface 14 of the bed 11. With such a configuration, the chip bucket 18 or the belt conveyor is installed in the space below the first turret 41 and the second turret 51 to efficiently process chips generated by machining the work. be able to.

Further, in the machine tool 10, in the top view, the moving area 140 of the tool held by the first tool post 41 when the first tool post 41 is turned overlaps with the second tool post 51. With such a configuration, the first tool post 41 and the second tool post 51 are arranged close to each other in the top view, so that the machine tool 10 is downsized (particularly, in the present embodiment, the width in the X-axis direction). Narrowing) can be achieved.

Summarizing the configuration of the machine tool 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention described above, the machine tool 10 according to the present embodiment holds a tool and turns around a turning central axis 110 as a first axis. Holds a possible first tool post 41, a second tool post 51 that can swivel around a swivel center axis 120 as a second axis that holds a tool and extends in a direction orthogonal to the swivel center axis 110, and a work. A headstock 31 for rotating the work around a rotation center axis 130 as a third axis parallel to the rotation center axis 110 is provided.

According to the machine tool 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, the productivity of the machine tool 10 can be improved by shortening the time required for machining the work.

9 and 10 are front views showing a modified example of the machine tool in FIG. 9 and 10 show machine tools corresponding to the work machining process in FIG.

With reference to FIG. 9, in this modification, the headstock 31 is provided between the first tool post 41 and the second tool post 51 in the X-axis direction. The headstock 31 is configured to be reciprocally movable between the first tool post 41 and the second tool post 51 in the X-axis direction.

According to such a configuration, the first tool post 41 and the second tool post 51 are arranged apart from each other in the X-axis direction. Therefore, when the work is machined on either the first turret 41 or the second turret 51, the chips generated at that time are either the first turret 41 or the second turret 51. Accumulation on the other tool post can be suppressed. Therefore, chips generated during the processing of the work can be processed more efficiently.

With reference to FIG. 10, in this modification, the rotation axis (rotation center axis 130) of the headstock 31 extends in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction). The swivel axis (swivel center axis 110) of the first tool post 41 extends in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction), and the swivel axis (swivel center axis 120) of the second tool post 51 extends in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). It is extending. As shown in this modification, the machine tool to which the present invention is applied is not limited to a handstand lathe that holds a work from above on a headstock.

Even in these deformations, the productivity in the machine tool can be improved by shortening the time required for machining the work.

It should be considered that the embodiments disclosed this time are exemplary in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown by the scope of claims rather than the above description, and it is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims.

The present invention applies to machine tools equipped with a turret-type tool post.

10 Machine tool, 11 bed, 12 rising part, 13 bottom, 14 bottom, 15 side, 16 step, 18 chip bucket, 21 guide stand, 21p 1st end, 21q 2nd end, 22 protruding part, 24 saddle , 28 Column, 31 Headstock, 32 Spindle, 33 Chuck, 41 1st Cutter, 42,52 Cutter Base, 43,53 Turret, 51 2nd Crate, 61 Tool Holder, 100 Floor, 110,120 Swivel Central axis, 130 rotation central axis, 140 moving area, 150, 160 height area, 210, 220, 230 tools.

Claims (5)

The first tool post that holds the tool and can rotate around the first axis,
A second turret that holds the tool and can swivel around a second axis that extends in a direction orthogonal to the first axis.
A machine tool comprising a headstock that holds a work and rotates the work around a third axis parallel to the first axis. Further provided with a bed to which the first turret and the second turret are fixed.
The headstock is configured to be movable in the axial direction of the first axis, the axial direction of the second axis, and the direction orthogonal to the first axis and orthogonal to the second axis. The machine tool according to claim 1. The bed has a bottom surface and horizontally oriented sides.
The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the first tool post and the second tool post are fixed to the side surface at a position separated upward from the bottom surface. The first axis and the third axis extend in the vertical direction and extend in the vertical direction.
The second axis extends in the horizontal direction.
The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the headstock is configured to hold a work from above. The machine tool according to claim 4, wherein the moving area of the tool held by the first turret overlaps with the second turret when the first turret is turned in a top view.