JP2019527096A - 概日リズム等の時間的変動に対する経皮的電気神経刺激の自動的補償のための装置および方法 - Google Patents
概日リズム等の時間的変動に対する経皮的電気神経刺激の自動的補償のための装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
この特許出願は、係属中の先行する米国仮特許出願第62/361,698号(2016年7月13日に、NeuroMetrix, Inc.およびShai N. Gozaniによって、「APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR AUTOMATED COMPENSATION OF TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION FOR CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS」について出願され、代理人整理番号NEURO-83 PROVである)の利益を主張するものであり、この出願は参照により本明細書に援用される。
本発明は、概して、慢性的な痛みの対症的軽減を提供するために、ユーザの無傷の皮膚にわたって電流を送達する経皮的電気神経刺激(TENS)装置に関し、より詳細には、概日リズムおよび他のユーザの生理における時間的な変化に対する自動的補償のために構成されるTENS装置に関する。
経皮的電気神経刺激(TENS)は、感覚神経線維を活性化するために、ユーザの皮膚の無傷の表面にわたって電気(すなわち、電気刺激)を送達することである。TENS治療の最も一般的な適用は、鎮痛(慢性的な痛みに対するもの等)を提供することである。TENS治療の他の用途には、不穏下肢症候群の症状の軽減、夜間の筋肉痙攣の軽減、および全身性の心因性掻痒症の軽減が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。感覚神経刺激がどのように痛みを軽減するかについての概念モデルは、1965年にMelzackおよびWallによって提案された。彼らの理論は、感覚神経(Aβ線維)の活性化が、侵害受容求心性(CおよびAδ繊維)によって脳に運ばれる痛みの伝達を阻害する脊髄の「痛みの門」を閉鎖すると規定している。過去20年間に、痛みの門の根底にある可能性のある解剖学的経路および分子機構が特定されている。感覚神経刺激(例えば、TENSを介するもの)は、脳幹の中脳および髄質部分にそれぞれ位置する下向きの疼痛抑制系、主に水道周囲灰白質(PAG)および吻腹側内側髄質(rostroventral medial medulla)(RVM)を活性化する。PAGはRVMへの神経投影を有し、これは上向きの痛み信号伝達を阻害する脊髄後角に拡散した両側突起を有する。
本発明は、ユーザの上部ふくらはぎ(または他の解剖学的位置)に配置されるように設計された刺激器と、電気刺激を少なくとも1つの神経に提供するように設計され予め構成されユーザの上部ふくらはぎ(または他の解剖学的位置)に配置された電極アレイとを備える、新規なTENS装置の提供および使用を含む。本発明の重要な特徴の一つは、新規なTENS装置が、ユーザの生理における概日リズムおよび他の時間的変動を補償するために、1日のうちの時刻に応じて自動的に刺激パラメータを調整することである。
ユーザにおける経皮的電気神経刺激のための装置であって、
少なくとも1つの刺激パルスで少なくとも1つの神経を電気的に刺激するための刺激手段と、
前記少なくとも1つの刺激パルスの少なくとも1つの特性を制御するために前記刺激手段に接続された制御手段と、
1日のうちの時刻に応じて前記少なくとも1つの刺激パルスの前記少なくとも1つの特性を変調するために前記制御手段に接続された変調手段と、
を備える、装置が提供される。
1日のうちの時刻に基づいて経皮的電気神経刺激を制御する方法であって、
前記方法は、
ユーザにおける経皮的電気神経刺激のための装置を提供することであって、
少なくとも1つの刺激パルスで少なくとも1つの神経を電気的に刺激するための刺激手段と、
前記少なくとも1つの刺激パルスの少なくとも1つの特性を制御するために前記刺激手段に接続された制御手段と、
前記少なくとも1つの刺激パルスの前記少なくとも1つの特性を変調するために前記制御手段に接続された変調手段と、
を備える、装置を提供することと、
24時間以内の時間変化関数を決定することと、
前記刺激手段を用いて少なくとも1つの神経を電気的に刺激することと、
1日のうちの時刻と、前記時間変化関数とに従って、前記電気刺激の特性の少なくとも1つを変調することと、
を備える、方法が提供される。
Δ(t)=A・sin(ωt−δ) (式1)
ここで、ωは概日リズムの角周波数である。好ましい実施形態では、ユーザは、昼夜24時間サイクル(86,400秒)にエントレインされる正常な概日リズムを有すると仮定する。したがって、角周波数は、2π/86400または72.7×10−6ラジアン(すなわち、sec−1)である。tは秒単位で測定される、1日のうちの時刻である。δはラジアン単位の位相遅れである。Aは概日補償係数の大きさであり、通常はデシベルで表される。本発明の好ましい形態では、概日補償係数は0.5dBの値を有するが、0.5〜2dBの値が一般的である。p(t)およびΔ(t)の両方がデシベルで表される場合、修正された時間変化電気パラメータpm(t)は、式2によって与えられる。
pm(t)=p(t)+Δ(t) (式2)
A=0.5dBの場合、CCFは、0.94〜1.06(すなわち、約±6%)の範囲の倍率で刺激強度を変調する。例えば、CCFの目的がベースライン値10μCでパルス電荷を調整することである場合、CCFは1日のうちの時刻に応じてパルス電荷を9.4μCから10.6μCに変調する。δは、ラジアンで測定した概日リズムの位相遅延である。図6は、電気触覚知覚閾値610の概日リズムをオフセットするCCF640の例を示す。この例では、概日リズムの電気触覚知覚閾値は、時刻642(8PMまたは時刻20)で最小閾値617を有し、したがって、CCF640も、時刻642(8PMまたは時刻20)で最小値641を有する。位相遅れδ643は2π(2/24)である。1日を通してパルス電荷の正味の影響はない。
Δ(t)=Σi=1 N{Ai・sin(ωt+δi)} (式3)
ただし、Aiは振幅であり、δiはi番目の概日リズムの位相である。この一般化モデルは、いくつかの前提を置いている。とくに、この一般化モデルは、TENSに対する複数の概日リズムの影響が互いに独立していると仮定している。結果として、個々の概日補償関数を総和して、個々の概日リズムの総合的な効果を補償する合成概日補償関数を作成することができる。これは合理的な一次近似である。式4に示すように、より一般化されたモデルを書くことができる。
Δ(t)=A・sin(ωt+φ) (式4)
ただし、Aおよびφは、{A1 … AN}および{δ1 … δN}の双方の関数である。本発明の形態の1つでは、個々の概日リズムは、TENSに対して独立した影響を及ぼさないことがある。言い換えれば、個々の概日リズムの間に相互作用が存在する可能性がある。
本発明の好ましい形態の1つでは、TENS装置100は、概日リズムプロセッサ515および制御装置520を備える.TENS装置100は、図4に示すように動作するように構成/プログラムされている。
本発明の性質を説明するために本明細書に記載され例示された細部、材料、ステップ及び各部の配置における多くの追加的な変更は、当業者によって、依然として本発明の原理および範囲内で行い得るということが理解されるべきである。
Claims (26)
- ユーザにおける経皮的電気神経刺激のための装置であって、
少なくとも1つの刺激パルスで少なくとも1つの神経を電気的に刺激するための刺激手段と、
前記少なくとも1つの刺激パルスの少なくとも1つの特性を制御するために前記刺激手段に接続された制御手段と、
1日のうちの時刻に応じて前記少なくとも1つの刺激パルスの前記少なくとも1つの特性を変調するために前記制御手段に接続された変調手段と、
を備える、装置。 - 前記少なくとも1つの特性は、前記少なくとも1つの刺激パルスの振幅である、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの特性は、前記少なくとも1つの刺激パルスの幅である、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの特性は、前記少なくとも1つの刺激パルスの総電荷である、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの特性は、前記刺激パルスが生成される周波数である、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの特性は、治療セッションの持続時間である、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの特性は、2つの隣接する治療セッションの間の時間である、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記変調手段は周期関数を含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記周期関数は24時間周期の正弦波である、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記周期関数は24時間周期の二相方形波である、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記周期関数は24時間周期の二相三角波である、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記変調は乗算演算を含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記乗算は0.94から1.06までの範囲内の値による、請求項12に記載の装置。
- 前記変調手段は、ユーザの健康状態に応じて初期化される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記ユーザからのフィードバックが前記変調手段を変更する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記フィードバックは、前記ユーザによる痛み強度の指標である、請求項15に記載の装置。
- 前記フィードバックは、前記ユーザからの生理学的測定値である、請求項15に記載の装置。
- 前記生理学的測定値は、前記ユーザの電気触覚知覚閾値である、請求項17に記載の装置。
- 1日のうちの時刻に基づいて経皮的電気神経刺激を制御する方法であって、
前記方法は、
ユーザにおける経皮的電気神経刺激のための装置を提供することであって、
少なくとも1つの刺激パルスで少なくとも1つの神経を電気的に刺激するための刺激手段と、
前記少なくとも1つの刺激パルスの少なくとも1つの特性を制御するために前記刺激手段に接続された制御手段と、
前記少なくとも1つの刺激パルスの前記少なくとも1つの特性を変調するために前記制御手段に接続された変調手段と、
を備える、装置を提供することと、
24時間以内の時間変化関数を決定することと、
前記刺激手段を用いて少なくとも1つの神経を電気的に刺激することと、
1日のうちの時刻と、前記時間変化関数とに従って、前記電気刺激の特性の少なくとも1つを変調することと、
を備える、方法。 - 前記時間変化関数が正弦波である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記時間変化関数が二相方形波である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記変調は、前記時間変化関数から、前記少なくとも1つの電気刺激パルスの前記少なくとも1つの特性への、倍率を適用することからなる、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの特性は、前記少なくとも1つの刺激パルスの振幅である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの特性は、前記少なくとも1つの刺激パルスの幅である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの特性は、前記少なくとも1つの刺激パルスのパルス電荷である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの特性は、前記刺激パルスが生成される周波数である、請求項19に記載の方法。
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RU2019102406A (ru) | 2020-08-13 |
CO2019000209A2 (es) | 2019-02-08 |
EP3484576A4 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
CN109475732A (zh) | 2019-03-15 |
BR112019000548A2 (pt) | 2019-05-21 |
CA3030424A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
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US10384063B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 |
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RU2019102406A3 (ja) | 2020-08-13 |
WO2018013708A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
AU2017297399A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
US20190001130A9 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
US20180015285A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
AU2017297399B2 (en) | 2020-04-09 |
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