JP2019504779A - 補強されたエーロゲル複合物を含む改善された積層体 - Google Patents
補強されたエーロゲル複合物を含む改善された積層体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019504779A JP2019504779A JP2018539052A JP2018539052A JP2019504779A JP 2019504779 A JP2019504779 A JP 2019504779A JP 2018539052 A JP2018539052 A JP 2018539052A JP 2018539052 A JP2018539052 A JP 2018539052A JP 2019504779 A JP2019504779 A JP 2019504779A
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- airgel
- gel
- skin
- skin layer
- layer
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2016年1月27日に出願された米国仮出願第62/287,762号明細書の優先権を主張し、および2017年1月26日に出願された米国出願第15/417,170号明細書の優先権を主張し、取り込まれる主題が本願明細書中の主題と矛盾しない限り、両者は参照により本明細書中に完全に示されたそのすべてを取り込む。
フォーム補強材料を含む補強エーロゲルのブロックを提供することと、この補強エーロゲルのブロックをスカイビングまたは旋盤剥離装置に暴露することと、このスカイビングまたは旋盤剥離装置に、この補強エーロゲルのブロックからこの補強エーロゲル材料の連続シートを除去させ、それにより補強エーロゲルのシートを製造することと、を含む、方法を提供することができる。
エーロゲルは、相互に接続された構造の骨格を含む連続気泡を有する多孔質材料のクラスであって、これは骨格内に一体化された孔の対応するネットワークと、主として空気などの気体からなる孔のネットワーク内の間隙層とを有する。エーロゲルは、典型的には、低密度、高い多孔質、大きな表面積、および小さい孔サイズを特徴とする。エーロゲルは、その物理的および構造的特性によって、他の多孔質材料から区別することができる。
0.022g/ccの密度を有するポリウレタン(PU)連続気泡フォームのシートが提供された。メチルトリエトキシシラン(MTES)、テトラエトキシオルトシリケート(TEOS)、水、酸触媒、およびエタノールを混合することによって、シリカ前駆体溶液が生成された。エタノールとH2O中の希NH3とを混合することにより、ゲル化触媒溶液が生成された。触媒溶液をシリカ前駆体溶液と混合して、触媒化シリカ前駆体溶液が生成された。触媒されたシリカ溶液はポリウレタンフォームシートに注がれた。複合材料はゲル化された後、ヘキサメチルジシラザン(HMDS)エタノール溶液中でエージングされた。エージングした材料中の溶媒は超臨界条件下で抽出され、フォーム補強エーロゲル複合物が生成された。得られたエーロゲル連続気泡ポリウレタンフォーム複合物は可撓性であった。
ポリウレタン(PU)連続気泡フォームのシートはプリフォームロールに巻かれ、円筒形の壁のある容器に入れられた。メラミンホルムアルデヒド連続気泡フォームのシートは別個のプリフォームロールに巻かれ、別個の円筒形壁容器に入れられた。メチルトリエトキシシラン(MTES)、テトラエトキシオルトシリケート(TEOS)、水、酸触媒、およびエタノールを混合することによって、シリカ前駆体溶液が生成された。エタノールとH2O中の希NH3とを混合することにより、ゲル化触媒溶液が生成された。次に、触媒溶液はシリカ前駆体溶液と組合されて、触媒化シリカ前駆体溶液が生成された。次に、得られた溶液は、予め別個の容器に入れられた連続気泡フォームロールに注がれた。材料をゲル化した。ゲル化後、得られたゲルフォーム複合物は、50℃のエタノールの密閉浴中で一晩エージングされた。ゲル中の溶媒は超臨界CO2抽出によって除去されて、フォーム補強エーロゲル複合物のシートが形成された。得られたエーロゲル連続気泡ポリウレタンフォーム複合物は可撓性であった。得られたエーロゲル連続気泡メラミンフォーム複合物は可撓性であった。
メラミンホルムアルデヒドフォームのシートが提供された。メチルトリエトキシシラン(MTES)、テトラエトキシオルトシリケート(TEOS)、水、酸触媒、およびエタノールを混合することによって、シリカ前駆体溶液が生成おされた。エタノールとH2O中の希NH3とを混合することにより、ゲル化触媒溶液が生成された。触媒溶液をシリカ前駆体溶液と混合して、触媒化シリカ前駆体溶液が生成された。複合材料はゲル化され、次にヘキサメチルジシラザン(HMDS)エタノール中でエージングされた。エージングされた材料中の溶媒は、超臨界条件下で抽出されて、メラミンフォーム補強エーロゲル複合物が生成された。得られたエーロゲルメラミンフォーム複合物は可撓性であった。
例1および例3からのフォーム補強エーロゲル複合物のシートが提供された。各々が約18%のスパンデックスおよび82%のナイロンを含み、0.3g/ccの密度を有する可撓性の表皮材料の複数のシートが提供された。フォーム補強エーロゲル複合シートのそれぞれの第1の表面は、アクリル系水性接着剤(3M Fastbond Pressure Sensitive Adhesive, 4224−NF、透明または青色)でコーティングされた。接着剤は粘着性になるまで部分的に乾燥された。フォーム補強エーロゲル複合物の各接着剤被覆表面に、可撓性表皮材料のシートが塗布された。接着剤が乾燥を完了すると、積層体に圧力が加えられ、こうしてフォーム補強エーロゲル複合物と可撓性の表皮層との間にしっかりした結合(solid bond)が形成された。次に、各フォーム補強エーロゲル複合物の第2の表面に積層加工プロセスが繰り返され、こうしてベース層の各表面上に可撓性の表皮層を有するフォーム補強エーロゲル複合物を含むベース層を備えたサンドイッチ積層シートが形成された。図3および図4は、例4で製造されたサンドイッチ積層体材料を示す。
例1からのフォーム補強エーロゲル複合物のシートが提供された。各々が流体不浸透性ポリウレタンを含む可撓性の表皮材料のシートが提供された。フォーム補強エーロゲル複合シートの第1の表面が、熱接着ポリエチレン系接着剤で被覆された。フォーム補強エーロゲル複合シートの被覆された表面に、可撓性表皮材料のシートが塗布された。接着剤が接着を完了すると、積層体に圧力および熱が加えられ、こうしてフォーム補強エーロゲル複合物と可撓性の表皮層との間にしっかりした結合が形成された。次に、フォーム補強エーロゲル複合物の第2の表面に積層加工プロセスが繰り返され、こうしてベース層の各表面上に可撓性の表皮層を有するフォーム補強エーロゲル複合物を含むベース層を備えたサンドイッチ積層シートが形成された。図5は、例5で製造されたサンドイッチ積層体材料を示す。
例3からのフォーム補強エーロゲル複合物のシートが提供された。各々が約18%のスパンデックスおよび82%のナイロンを含み、0.3g/ccの密度を有する可撓性の表皮材料のシートが提供された。フォーム補強エーロゲル複合物のシートの各側に、可撓性のスパンデックス材料のシートが配置された。超音波ミシンを使用して、積層体の層を通る高エネルギー超音波エネルギーのパターン化適用によって、積層体を接着させた。超音波縫合プロセスにより、ベース層の各表面に可撓性の表皮層が取り付けられたフォーム補強エーロゲル複合物を含むベース層を備え、ベース層と表皮層との間に接着剤材料の無い、サンドイッチ積層シートが形成された。図6および図7は、例6で製造されたサンドイッチ積層体材料を示す。
例4,5、および6の試料が提供された。各試料は、積層加工プロセスの前後で、密度および熱伝導度(TC)について試験された。TCは大気圧で37.5℃、2psiの負荷で測定された。以下の表1は、測定結果を提供する。
補強材料として厚さ12mmの網状ポリウレタンフォームシートを用いて、例1のステップが繰り返された。フォーム補強エーロゲルシートは、予め成形した形状に折り曲げられ、図8に示されるようにバンドで固定された。折り畳まれたシートはオーブンに入れられ、150℃の温度で最大3時間加熱処理された。材料はオーブンから取り出され、冷却された。固定バンドは除去され、熱処理されたシートは部分的に広げられた。得られた熱処理されたシートは、図9に示すように、半円形の形状を永久的に保持した。
補強材料として厚さ12mmの網状ポリウレタンフォームシートを用いて、例1のステップが繰り返された。フォーム補強エーロゲルシートは、予め成形した形状に折り曲げられ、図8に示されるようにバンドで固定された。折り畳まれたシートはオーブンに入れられ、150℃の温度で最大3時間加熱処理された。材料はオーブンから取り出され、冷却された。固定バンドは除去され、熱処理されたシートは部分的に広げられた。得られた熱処理されたシートは、図9に示すように、半円形の形状を永久的に保持した。
例9からの複数の熱成形エーロゲル複合シートが提供された。この熱成形シートは、図10に示すように、接着剤を用いて多層ハーフシェル絶縁積層体に積層加工されて、層を一緒に結合した。それらの半シェルの予備成形絶縁積層体のうちの2つがパイプ部分の周りで合わされ、バンドで固定され、こうして、図11に示すように、パイプ部分の外周を完全に覆う絶縁スリーブが形成された。
ポリウレタン(PU)連続気泡フォームのシートが提供される。各々が約18%のスパンデックスおよび82%のナイロンを含み、0.3g/ccの密度を有する可撓性表皮材料の2枚のシートが提供される。ポリウレタン複合接着剤が、フォームシートの第1の表面の部分に塗布される。可撓性の表皮材料のシートが、フォームシートの接着剤で改質された表面に塗布される。接着剤が乾燥を完了すると、圧力が積層体に加えられ、こうしてフォームシートと可撓性の表皮層との間にしっかりした結合が形成される。次にフォームシートの第2の表面に対して積層加工プロセスが繰り返され、こうしてベース層の各表面に取り付けられた可撓性の表皮層を有するフォームシートを含むベース層を備えたサンドイッチ積層シートが形成される。
例11からのサンドイッチ積層シートが提供される。サンドイッチ積層シートはプリフォームロールに巻かれ、スペーサー材料は、サンドイッチ積層シートと一緒に巻かれ、ロールの層の間にスペースが与えられる。ロールは、円筒形の壁の容器内に入れられる。シリカ前駆体溶液は、メチルトリエトキシシラン(MTES)、テトラエトキシオルトシリケート(TEOS)、水、酸触媒、およびエタノールを混合することによって形成される。ゲル化触媒溶液は、エタノールをH2O中の希NH3と混合することによって生成される。触媒溶液はシリカ前駆体溶液と合わされて触媒化シリカ前駆体溶液が生成される。次に、得られた溶液は容器に注がれる。触媒化シリカ前駆体溶液は、表皮層を通過してサンドイッチ積層シートのフォームベース層に浸透する時間を与えられ、材料はゲル化される。ゲル化後、得られたゲルフォーム複合物は50℃のエタノールの密閉浴中で一晩エージングされる。ゲル中の溶媒は超臨界CO2抽出によって除去され、積層加工されたフォーム補強エーロゲル複合物のシートが形成される。
例11からのサンドイッチ積層シートが提供される。シリカ前駆体溶液が、メチルトリエトキシシラン(MTES)、テトラエトキシオルトシリケート(TEOS)、水、酸触媒、およびエタノールを混合することによって生成される。ゲル化触媒溶液は、エタノールをH2O中の希NH3と混合することによって生成される。触媒溶液はシリカ前駆体溶液と混合されて、触媒化シリカ前駆体溶液が生成される。サンドイッチ積層シートは移動するコンベヤー上に供給され、得られた触媒化シリカ前駆体溶液は、移動するコンベヤーに沿って移動する際に、サンドイッチ積層シートの上部表皮層上に注がれる。触媒化シリカ前駆体溶液は、上部表皮層を通過してサンドイッチ積層シートのフォームベース層中に浸透する時間を与えられ、材料はゲル化される。ゲル化後、得られたサンドイッチ積層体ゲルフォーム複合シートは巻かれ、円筒形の壁の容器内に入れられ、スペーサー材料は複合シートと一緒に巻かれ、ロールの層の間にスペースが与えられる。巻かれた複合シートは50℃のエタノールの密封浴中で一晩エージングされる。ゲル中の溶媒は超臨界CO2抽出によって除去されて、積層加工されたフォーム補強エーロゲル複合物のシートが形成される。
Claims (20)
- 上部表面および底部表面を有する少なくとも1つのベース層と、
前記ベース層の前記上部表面に取り付けられた第1の表皮材料を含む第1の表皮層と、
前記ベース層の前記底部表面に取り付けられた第2の表皮材料を含む第2の表皮層と、
を含む、エーロゲル複合物であって、
前記ベース層は、補強材料とモノリシックのエーロゲル骨格とを含む補強されたエーロゲル配合物を含み、
前記ベース層の前記モノリシックのエーロゲル骨格の少なくとも一部は、前記第1の表皮層と前記第2の表皮層との両方の少なくとも一部中に伸びており、および、
前記第1の表皮材料および前記第2の表皮材料はそれぞれ、弾性繊維でできた材料から本質的になっている、エーロゲル複合物。 - 前記補強材料は、発泡補強材料を含む、請求項1に記載のエーロゲル複合物。
- 前記補強材料は、繊維補強材料を含む、請求項1に記載のエーロゲル複合物。
- 前記弾性繊維は、スパンデックス、ナイロン、ライクラ、エラスタン、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれ一項に記載のエーロゲル複合物。
- 前記第1の表皮層または第2の表皮層は、エアロゾル接着剤、ウレタン系接着剤、アクリレート接着剤、ホットメルト接着剤、エポキシ接着剤、ゴム樹脂接着剤、ポリウレタン複合接着剤、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される接着剤によって前記ベース層に取り付けられている、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のエーロゲル複合物。
- 前記第1の表皮層または第2の表皮層は、縫い目、密閉袋、リベット、ボタン、クランプ、ラップ、止め具、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される非接着性メカニズムによって前記ベース層に取り付けられている、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のエーロゲル複合物。
- 前記第1の表皮層および第2の表皮層はそれぞれ、流体浸透性の表皮材料を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のエーロゲル複合物。
- 前記複合材料は、18.0mW/mK〜40.0mW/mKの熱伝導度を有する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のエーロゲル複合物。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のエーロゲル複合物を含む衣類品または衣料品。
- エーロゲル複合物の調製方法であって、
上部表面および底部表面を有するベース層であって、補強材料とモノリシックのエーロゲル骨格とを含む補強されたエーロゲル配合物を含むベース層を提供することと、
第1の表皮材料を含む第1の表皮層および第2の表皮材料を含む第2の表皮層を提供することと、
前記ベース層の前記上部表面に前記第1の表皮層を取り付けおよび前記ベース層の前記底部表面に前記底部表皮層を取り付け、それによって積層加工されたベースを形成することと、
ゲル前駆体材料および溶媒を含むゲル前駆体溶液を提供することと、
前記ゲル前駆体溶液を前記積層加工されたベースの少なくとも1つの表皮層に接触させることと、
前記ゲル前駆体溶液の少なくとも一部分を前記積層加工されたベースの前記表皮層に接触させて、前記積層加工されたベースの前記ベース層中の前記補強材料中へと前記積層加工されたベースの前記表皮層を通過させることと、
前記前駆体溶液中の前記ゲル前駆体材料をゲル配合物に移行させて、補強されたゲル複合物を生成させることと、
前記補強されたゲル複合物から前記溶媒の少なくとも一部を抽出して、補強されたエーロゲル複合物を得ることと、
を含み、
前記第1の表皮材料および前記第2の表皮材料はそれぞれ、弾性繊維でできた材料から本質的になっている、方法。 - 前記ゲル前駆体溶液を前記積層加工されたベースの少なくとも1つの表皮層に接触させるステップの前に、移動する要素の上に前記積層加工されたベースシートの少なくとも一部を吐出することをさらに含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記積層加工されたベースの複数の重なる層を含むプリフォームロールへと前記積層加工されたベースを巻くことと、前記ゲル前駆体溶液を前記積層加工されたベースの少なくとも1つの表皮層に接触させるステップの前に、容器の中に前記積層加工されたベースの前記プリフォームロールを置くこととをさらに含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記補強材料は、発泡補強材料を含む、請求項10〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記補強材料は、繊維補強材料を含む、請求項10〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記弾性繊維は、スパンデックス、ナイロン、ライクラ、エラスタン、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項10〜14のいずれか一項に記載のエーロゲル複合物。
- 前記第1の表皮層または第2の表皮層は、エアロゾル接着剤、ウレタン系接着剤、アクリレート接着剤、ホットメルト接着剤、エポキシ接着剤、ゴム樹脂接着剤、ポリウレタン複合接着剤、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される接着剤によってベース層に取り付けられている、請求項10〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の表皮層または第2の表皮層は、縫い目、密閉袋、リベット、ボタン、クランプ、ラップ、止め具、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される非接着性メカニズムによって前記ベース層に取り付けられている、請求項10〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の表皮層および前記第2の表皮層が、それぞれ液体浸透性の表皮材料を含む、請求項10〜17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記複合物は、18.0mW/mK〜40.0mW/mKの熱伝導度を有する、請求項10〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法により生成されたエーロゲル複合物。
- 請求項19に記載のエーロゲル複合物を含む衣類品または衣料品。
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