JP2018024995A - tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tunnel capable of absorbing the energy of a force when the energy of a force is applied in the axial direction of the tunnel. SOLUTION: The tunnel according to the present invention has a plurality of tunnel lining portions (lining concrete portions 2A, 2A ...) Divided at predetermined intervals in the axial direction of the tunnel 1 and in the axial direction of the tunnel 1. Energy absorption that is connected to the end face 21 of one tunnel lining portion and the end face 22 of the other tunnel lining portion that face each other so as to be adjacent to each other in the front-rear direction and absorbs the energy of the force applied in the axial direction of the tunnel 1. The device 3 is provided. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel including an energy absorbing device that absorbs energy of force applied in the axial direction of the tunnel.

  A tunnel having an outer wall body and an inner wall body, and having an expansion joint capable of allowing displacement to slide in the tunnel axial direction at a joint portion between adjacent ring bodies forming the inner wall body is known. (See Patent Document 1).

JP 2006-233626 A

However, the expansion joint of the tunnel can only allow displacement to slide in the tunnel axial direction, and cannot absorb the energy when force energy is applied in the axial direction of the tunnel.
The present invention provides a tunnel that can absorb energy when force energy is applied in the axial direction of the tunnel and can prevent destruction of the tunnel.

A tunnel according to the present invention includes a plurality of tunnel lining portions divided at a predetermined interval in the axial direction of the tunnel, and one tunnel lining facing each other so as to be adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction along the tunnel axial direction. An energy absorber connected to the end face of the part and the end face of the other tunnel lining part to absorb the energy of the force applied in the axial direction of the tunnel, so that the energy of the force was applied in the axial direction of the tunnel In this case, it is possible to provide a tunnel that can absorb the energy and prevent the destruction of the tunnel.
The energy absorbing device includes an energy absorbing portion that absorbs energy of force, and a connecting portion that connects the energy absorbing portion to an end face of the tunnel lining portion, and the energy absorbing portion is deformed in the axial direction of the tunnel and is Since it is formed by a member that absorbs the energy of force applied in the axial direction, when force energy is applied in the axial direction of the tunnel, it can absorb the energy and provide a tunnel that can prevent the destruction of the tunnel .
The energy absorbing portion is formed of a laminated rubber composed of alternately laminated rubber and steel plates, and the laminated rubber has one end in the laminating direction on one end of the tunnel lining portion via one connecting portion. Connected and the other end in the stacking direction is connected to the end face of the other tunnel lining part through the other connecting part, and the stacking direction is orthogonal to the tunnel axial direction and extends along the tunnel radial direction Therefore, when force energy is applied in the axial direction of the tunnel, the laminated rubber deforms in the axial direction of the tunnel and absorbs the energy, so the energy of the axial force applied to the tunnel is absorbed. As a result, it is possible to prevent the destruction of the tunnel and to resist the earth pressure along the tunnel radial direction applied from the natural ground by the rigidity in the lamination direction of the laminated rubber. .
The energy absorbing portion is formed of a honeycomb core, and the honeycomb core is arranged so that the central axis of each cell constituting the honeycomb core is orthogonal to the axial direction of the tunnel. Is added, the honeycomb core expands and contracts in the axial direction of the tunnel and absorbs the energy, so that the energy of the axial force applied to the tunnel is absorbed and the destruction of the tunnel can be prevented.
The energy absorbing portion is formed by a leaf spring, and the leaf spring is arranged so that the expansion / contraction direction and the axial direction of the tunnel coincide with each other. Therefore, when force energy is applied in the axial direction of the tunnel, the leaf spring is Since this energy is absorbed by expanding and contracting in the axial direction of the tunnel, the energy of the axial force applied to the tunnel is absorbed, and the destruction of the tunnel can be prevented.

Sectional drawing along the axial direction of a tunnel. Sectional drawing along the radial direction of a tunnel. The broken perspective view of a tunnel. Operation | movement explanatory drawing of an energy absorber. The broken perspective view of a tunnel. The broken perspective view of a tunnel. The broken perspective view of a tunnel. The broken perspective view of a tunnel.

As shown in FIG. 1, the tunnel 1 according to Embodiment 1 is a mountain tunnel formed in a natural mountain 10, and lining concrete as a tunnel lining portion that becomes a ceiling (arch) and a side wall of the tunnel 1, An energy absorbing device 3 configured to be divided in the axial direction (direction along the axis) with a predetermined interval and absorbing energy of force applied in the axial direction of the tunnel 1 is arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel 1. Further, it is configured to be connected to the end surface 21 of one lining concrete portion 2A and the end surface 22 of the other lining concrete portion 2A facing each other so as to be adjacent to each other.
That is, the tunnel 1 includes a plurality of lining concrete portions 2A, 2A... As a plurality of tunnel lining portions divided at a predetermined interval in the axial direction of the tunnel 1, and a longitudinal direction along the axial direction of the tunnel 1. Are connected to the end surface 21 of one lining concrete portion 2A and the end surface 22 of the other lining concrete portion 2A facing each other so as to be applied in the axial direction of the tunnel 1 (the tensile force shown in FIG. 1). And an energy absorbing device 3 that absorbs the force F1 or the compressive force F2).
Each lining concrete part 2A, 2A ... is constructed using a semi-cylindrical formwork called a centle.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a plurality of energy absorbing devices 3 are intermittently provided along the circumferential direction of the tunnel 1.
As shown in FIG. 4A, each of the energy absorbing devices 3, 3... Has an energy absorbing portion 4 that absorbs energy of a force applied in the axial direction of the tunnel 1, and a lining concrete portion. The energy absorbing portion 4 is formed of a member that absorbs energy of a force that is deformed in the axial direction of the tunnel 1 and applied in the axial direction of the tunnel 1.

As the energy absorbing portion 4, for example, a laminated rubber 4A is used. In the laminated rubber 4A, as shown in FIG. 4A, force energy is applied in a direction orthogonal to the laminating direction T by a laminated structure in which the steel plates 4a and the thin rubber layers 4b are alternately laminated and bonded. Further, the energy is absorbed by the deformation of the rubber (see FIGS. 4B and 4C), and when the energy of force is applied in the stacking direction T, the rubber is configured not to be deformed.
That is, the laminated rubber 4A has a function of being flexible in a direction orthogonal to the lamination direction T, returning to its original position by elasticity even when deformed, and being hard in the lamination direction T.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the connecting portion 5 connects one end 41 in the stacking direction T of the laminated rubber 4A and the end face 21 of one lining concrete portion 2A adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the tunnel 1. 5A, and the other connecting member 5B for connecting the other end 42 in the stacking direction T of the laminated rubber 4A and the end surface 22 of the other lining concrete portion 2A adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the tunnel 1. Composed.
That is, the connecting members 5A and 5B are configured by members made of steel or concrete having an L-shaped cross section in which the plate portions 51 and 51 are in an orthogonal state.
One connecting member 5A as one connecting portion is connected to the outer surface 52 of one plate portion 51 and the end surface 21 of one lining concrete portion 2A, and to the inner surface 53 of the other plate portion 51 and the laminated rubber 4A. One end 41 in the stacking direction T is connected.
The other connecting member 5B as the other connecting portion is formed by connecting the outer surface 52 of one plate portion 51 and the end surface 22 of the other lining concrete portion 2A, and the inner surface 53 of the other plate portion 51 and the laminated rubber 4A. The other end 42 in the stacking direction T is connected.

A method for installing the energy absorbing device 3 will be described.
For example, the energy absorbing device in which one end 41 in the stacking direction T of the laminated rubber 4A is connected to one connecting member 5A and the other end 42 in the stacking direction T of the stacked rubber 4A is connected to the other connecting member 5B in advance. 3 is prepared.
And, when one lining concrete part 2A is constructed, after connecting one connecting member 5A to the end surface 21 of one lining concrete part 2A, the other coupling concrete part 2A is constructed. The member 5B is connected to the end surface 22 of the other lining concrete part 2A.
Alternatively, after the construction of one lining concrete part 2A, the end face 21 of the one lining concrete part 2A is connected to one connecting member 5A, and the other lining concrete part 2A is constructed and then the other lining concrete part 2A is constructed. The end surface 22 of the lining concrete part 2A and the other connecting member 5B are connected.
Alternatively, after the construction of one lining concrete part 2A and the other lining concrete part 2A, an energy absorbing device is provided between the end face 21 of one lining concrete part 2A and the end face 22 of the other lining concrete part 2A. 3 is inserted, one connecting member 5A is connected to the end face 21 of one lining concrete part 2A, and the other connecting member 5B is connected to the end face 22 of the other lining concrete part 2A.
Note that flanges 4f are connected to both ends of the laminated rubber 4A in the laminating direction T, and the flanges and the connecting members 5A and 5B are connected by a connecting tool such as a bolt. Further, the connecting members 5A and 5B and the end surfaces 21 and 22 of the lining concrete portion 2A are connected by a connecting tool such as an anchor bolt.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 2, the laminated rubber 4 </ b> A as the energy absorbing portion 4 of each energy absorbing device 3 provided intermittently along the circumferential direction of the tunnel 1 has a lamination direction T of the tunnel 1. It is arranged so as to be orthogonal to the axial direction and extend along the radial direction of the tunnel 1.
That is, in the laminated rubber 4A, one end 41 in the laminating direction T is connected to the end surface 21 of one lining concrete part 2A via one connecting member 5A, and the other end 42 in the laminating direction T is connected to the other connecting member 5B. Is connected to the end surface 22 of the other lining concrete part 2A, the lamination direction T of the laminated rubber 4A and the axial direction of the tunnel 1 coincide, and the lamination direction T of the laminated rubber 4A and the radial direction of the tunnel 1 Is configured so that the laminated rubber 4A is deformed in the axial direction of the tunnel 1 to absorb the energy of the force applied in the axial direction of the tunnel 1, and the rigidity of the laminated rubber 4A in the laminating direction T is By this, it becomes a structure which can resist the earth pressure F3 along the tunnel radial direction applied from the natural ground 10.

  According to the tunnel 1 of the first embodiment, when force energy is applied in the axial direction of the tunnel 1 (direction along the axis), that is, at the time of an earthquake, the tunnel 1 is as shown in FIG. When the tensile force F1 in the axial direction of the tunnel 1 is applied, or when the compressive force F2 in the axial direction of the tunnel 1 as shown in FIG. 4C is applied, the laminated rubber 4A is deformed in the axial direction of the tunnel 1. Since the force energy is absorbed, the axial force energy applied to the tunnel 1 is absorbed, and the tunnel 1 can be prevented from being broken.

Embodiment 2
As the energy absorbing portion 4, a honeycomb core 4B as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 may be used. The honeycomb core 4B is a structure in which a plurality of cells 43 that are hexagonal or other identical three-dimensional figures are arranged side by side without a gap. The honeycomb core 4B is made of metal, for example.
In this case, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the side wall side of the cell 43 located on one end side in the direction orthogonal to the central axis 44 of each cell 43, 43. The side wall side of the cell 43 located on the other end side in the direction orthogonal to the central axis 44 of each cell 43, 43... A plurality of energy absorbing devices 3, 3... Configured by being connected to the end surface 22 of the concrete part 2 </ b> A are intermittently arranged along the circumferential direction of the tunnel 1.
5, the central axes 44, 44... Of the cells 43, 43... Constituting the honeycomb core 4B are orthogonal to the axial direction of the tunnel 1 and extend along the radial direction of the tunnel 1. Alternatively, the honeycomb core 4B may be disposed, or as shown in FIG. 6, the central axes 44, 44... Of the cells 43, 43... Constituting the honeycomb core 4B are orthogonal to the axial direction of the tunnel 1. In addition, the honeycomb core 4B may be arranged so as to extend along the circumferential direction of the tunnel 1.

  The honeycomb core 4B and the end surfaces 21 and 22 of the lining concrete portion 2A are connected by attaching a connection plate (not shown) to the side wall of the cell 43 and connecting the connection plate to the end surfaces 21 and 22 of the lining concrete portion 2A. Alternatively, the side walls of the cells 43 may be directly connected to the end faces 21 and 22 of the lining concrete portion 2A.

According to the tunnel 1 of the second embodiment, the energy absorbing portion 4 is formed by the honeycomb core 4B, and the honeycomb core 4B has the central axes 44, 44... Of the cells 43, 43. 1 so that when the energy of force is applied in the axial direction of the tunnel 1, the honeycomb core 4B is stretched and deformed in the axial direction of the tunnel 1 as in the first embodiment. Since the energy is absorbed, the energy of the axial force applied to the tunnel 1 is absorbed, and the tunnel 1 can be prevented from being broken.
Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the central axes 44, 44... Of the cells 43, 43... Constituting the honeycomb core 4 B are orthogonal to the axial direction of the tunnel 1 and extend along the radial direction of the tunnel 1. In the configuration in which the honeycomb core 4B is disposed, the earth pressure F3 along the tunnel radial direction applied from the natural ground 10 due to the rigidity in the direction along the central axis 44 of each cell 43, 43. (See FIG. 2).

Embodiment 3
As the energy absorbing portion 4, a leaf spring 4C as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 may be used. The leaf spring 4C is formed by, for example, a plate obtained by bending a plate material, and the bent plate material is configured to be deformable by being deformed.
In this case, the one end side 4x in the expansion / contraction direction of the leaf spring 4C is connected to the end surface 21 of the above-described one lining concrete portion 2A, and the other end side 4y in the expansion / contraction direction of the leaf spring 4C is connected to the other lining concrete described above. Energy absorption that is configured by arranging the leaf spring 4C so that the expansion / contraction direction (extension direction Y1 and shortening direction Y2) of the leaf spring 4C coincides with the axial direction of the tunnel 1 by being connected to the end face 22 of the portion 2A. A plurality of devices 3, 3... Are intermittently arranged along the circumferential direction of the tunnel 1.
As shown in FIG. 7, the leaf spring 4C may be arranged so that the bending direction Z of the leaf spring 4C coincides with the radial direction of the tunnel 1, or as shown in FIG. The leaf spring 4C may be arranged so that the bending direction Z1 of the 4C plate coincides with the circumferential direction of the tunnel 1.

  The leaf spring 4C and the end surfaces 21 and 22 of the lining concrete portion 2A are connected by connecting the connecting plates 4g and 4g attached to both ends of the leaf spring 4C in the expansion and contraction direction to the end surfaces 21 and 22 of the lining concrete portion 2A. Alternatively, both ends of the leaf spring 4C in the expansion / contraction direction may be directly connected to the end surfaces 21 and 22 of the lining concrete portion 2A.

According to the tunnel 1 of the third embodiment, the energy absorbing portion 4 is formed by the leaf spring 4C, and the leaf spring 4C has a configuration in which the expansion / contraction direction and the axial direction of the tunnel 1 coincide with each other. As in the first and second embodiments, when force energy is applied in the axial direction of the tunnel 1, the leaf spring 4 </ b> C expands and contracts in the axial direction of the tunnel 1 to absorb the energy, and thus the axial direction applied to the tunnel 1. As a result, the tunnel 1 can be prevented from being destroyed.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, when the leaf spring 4C is arranged so that the bending direction Z of the plate surface of the leaf spring 4C and the circumferential direction of the tunnel 1 coincide with each other, the radial direction of the tunnel 1 in the leaf spring 4C. It becomes the structure which can resist the earth pressure F3 (refer FIG. 2) along the tunnel radial direction applied from the natural ground 10 with the rigidity of the board along.

  The laminated rubber 4 </ b> A, the honeycomb core 4 </ b> B, and the leaf spring 4 </ b> C as the energy absorbing unit 4 may be continuously arranged in the circumferential direction of the tunnel 1.

  Further, in the embodiment, the laminated rubber 4A, the honeycomb core 4B, and the leaf spring 4C are exemplified as the energy absorbing portion 4, but the energy absorbing portion 4 is deformed in the axial direction of the tunnel 1 and is added in the axial direction of the tunnel 1. Any member that absorbs energy of force may be used.

Further, in the embodiment, the energy absorbing device 3 is provided between the covering concrete portions 2A, 2A,... As a plurality of tunnel lining portions divided at a predetermined interval in the axial direction of the tunnel 1 (direction along the axis). In the present invention, a plurality of tunnel lining parts divided at a predetermined interval in the axial direction of the tunnel 1 are respectively the above-described lining concrete part 2A and the tunnel bottom part. The present invention can also be applied to a tunnel having an invert concrete portion.
That is, in this case, the force applied in the axial direction of the tunnel connected to the end surface of one lining concrete portion and the end surface of the other lining concrete portion facing each other so as to be adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. A tunnel connected to the end surface of one invert concrete portion and the end surface of the other invert concrete portion facing each other so as to be adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction along the axial direction of the tunnel. What is necessary is just to set it as the tunnel of the structure provided with the energy absorbing device 3 mentioned above which absorbs the energy of the force added to the axial direction.

  In addition, the present invention is applicable not only to mountain tunnels but also to open-cut tunnels.

1 tunnel, 2A lining concrete part (tunnel lining part),
3 Energy absorber, 4 Energy absorber,
4A Laminated rubber (energy absorption part), 4B Honeycomb core (energy absorption part),
4C leaf spring (energy absorption part),
5 connection part, 21 end face of one lining concrete part,
22 End face of the other lining concrete part, 43 cell, 44 cell central axis.

Claims (5)

A plurality of tunnel lining parts separated by a predetermined interval in the axial direction of the tunnel;
Absorbs the energy of the force applied in the axial direction of the tunnel by being connected to the end face of one tunnel lining part and the end face of the other tunnel lining part facing each other so as to be adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel An energy absorber,
A tunnel characterized by comprising. The energy absorbing device includes an energy absorbing portion that absorbs energy of force, and a connecting portion that connects the energy absorbing portion to the end face of the tunnel lining portion,
The tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the energy absorbing portion is formed of a member that absorbs energy of a force that is deformed in the axial direction of the tunnel and applied in the axial direction of the tunnel.   The energy absorbing portion is formed of a laminated rubber composed of alternately laminated rubber and steel plates, and the laminated rubber has one end in the laminating direction on one end of the tunnel lining portion via one connecting portion. Connected and the other end in the stacking direction is connected to the end face of the other tunnel lining part through the other connecting part, and the stacking direction is orthogonal to the tunnel axial direction and extends along the tunnel radial direction The tunnel according to claim 2, wherein the tunnel is arranged to   The energy absorption part is formed of a honeycomb core, and the honeycomb core is arranged so that the central axis of each cell constituting the honeycomb core is orthogonal to the axial direction of the tunnel. Tunnel.   The tunnel according to claim 2, wherein the energy absorbing portion is formed by a leaf spring, and the leaf spring is disposed so that an expansion / contraction direction and an axial direction of the tunnel coincide with each other.

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