JP2015213755A - 非ファウリングで抗菌の抗血栓形成性グラフト−フロム組成物 - Google Patents
非ファウリングで抗菌の抗血栓形成性グラフト−フロム組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、Zheng Zhang、William Shannan O'Shaughnessy、Michael Hencke、Trevor Squier、およびChristopher Looseによる、2008年12月5日出願の米国特許出願第61/120,285号、表題“Synthetic Anticoagulant and Antithromo genie Polymers”;William Shannan O'Shaughnessy、Victoria E. Wagner Sinha、Zheng Zhang、Michael Hencke、Trevor Squier、およびChristopher Looseによる、2008年12月5日出願の米国特許出願第61/120,292号、表題“Presentation of Immobilized Molecules”;Trevor Squier、Zheng Zhang、William Shannan O'Shaughnessy、Michael Hencke、Michael Bouchard、およびChristopher Looseによる、2008年12月5日出願の米国特許出願第61/120,312号、表題“Non-Fouling, Antithrombotic Graft Coatings”;ならびに、Trevor Squier、Zheng Zhang、William Shannan O'Shaughnessy、Michael Hencke、Michael Bouchard、およびChristopher Looseによる、2009年8月5日出願の米国特許出願第61/231,346号、表題“Non-Fouling, Antithrombotic Graft Coatings”の優先権を主張する。
I. 定義
「双性イオン」または「双性イオン物質」とは、カチオン基およびアニオン基の両方を有する巨大分子、物質、もしくは部分を言う。ほとんどの場合において、これら荷電基は平衡化されており、ゼロ正味荷電の物質をもたらす。双性イオンポリマーには、高分子両性電解質(例えば、異なるモノマー単位上に荷電基を有するポリマー)およびポリベタイン(同一のモノマー単位上にアニオンおよびカチオン基を有するポリマー)の両方が含まれうる。
A. 基質
該非ファウリング物質は、様々な異なる基質または基質上に固定された下塗り層でグラフト−フロムされうる。適切な物質の例としては、限定はされないが、金属物質、セラミック、ポリマー、織物および不織布繊維、不活性物質(例えばシリコン)、ならびにそれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。一実施態様において、該基質は金またはガラス以外の物質である。
基質の化学組成に加えて、基質表面の微細構造およびナノ構造は、非ファウリング物質および/または抗菌剤の結合が可能な表面積を最大化するのに有用でありうる。金属およびセラミック基質において、例えば、ランダムなプロセス(例えばプラズマエッチング)によって、表面を粗面化することによって表面積を増大させることができる。別法として、フォトリソグラフィーを用いた制御ナノパターニングにより、該表面を修飾することができる。ポリマー基質もまた、金属およびセラミック基質と同様に粗面化することができる。別の用途においては、研磨された表面かもしくは平滑な表面を作り出すことによって、物質の非ファウリング特性が高められうる。該表面を修飾して、下塗りコーティングの結合および安定性を高めることができる。別法として、該表面を研磨もしくは平滑化して表面積を減らすことにより、ファウリング物質を捕捉しうる物理的特徴が弱められうる。さらに、具体的なサイズおよび分布といった物理的特徴とともに規定の粗度を有することにより、バクテリア、タンパク質、もしくは他のファウリング物質と該表面との相互作用が制御されうる。これら粗度変数の各々は、非ファウリングコーティングを付加することにより高められうる。
より高い密度の非ファウリング物質が望ましい場合、基質表面上の微細構造を作り出すことにより、該基質の見かけの表面積を増大させることなく、該表面で非ファウリング物質をグラフト−フロムするためのより広いエリアを作り出すことができる。ポリマー基質(ハイドロゲルネットワークを含む)において、この表面形態は、適切なポリマー構造設計によって作り出すことができる。この方法論の一例が、表面連結樹状ポリマー(dedrimeric polymer)の形成である。各々形成されたデンドリマーは、双性イオン部位提示数を効果的に倍にする。他のポリマー構造としては、ブラシ状ポリマー(例えばブラシ状コポリマー)、櫛形ポリマー(例えば櫛形コポリマー)、線状および分枝状コポリマー、架橋ポリマー、ハイドロゲル、ポリマーブレンド、およびそれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
非特異的タンパク質の吸着に対して抵抗性を有する表面は、医用材料(例えば医療デバイスおよびインプラント)の開発において重要である。そのようなコーティングは、インプラントと生理液の間の相互作用を制限する。流体が高濃度の生体タンパク質を含む環境(例えば血液接触アプリケーション(blood contacting application))において、タンパク質吸着の防止により、該デバイス表面のファウリングおよび/または血栓形成が防止されうる。
双性イオンは、同じ分子内の非隣接原子上に形式正電荷および形式負電荷を持つ分子である。双性イオン官能基(zwitterion functionality)を有する、天然および合成ポリマーの両方とも、タンパク質接着に抵抗性を示す。一実施態様において、該双性イオンモノマーは、ホスホリルコリン部分、スルホンベタイン部分、カルボキシベタイン部分、それらの誘導体もしくはそれらの組み合わせを含む。天然の双性イオン分子であるホスホリルコリン(PC)で処理した基質表面は、未処理の基質表面と比較した場合、タンパク質吸着を減少させるだけでなく、血液適合性を増大させる。ホスホリルコリンから作り出されるポリマーはまた、上述の特性を示すのに加えて、生物模倣であると考えられる。
Eは、置換アルキル、無置換アルキル、-(CH2)yC(O)O-、および-(CH2)yC(O)NR2からなる群から選択され;
Yは、0〜12の整数である)
からなる群から選択され、
Lは、存在しないか、または1個以上の酸素原子を適宜含んでよい直線状もしくは分枝状アルキル基であり;
ZIは双性イオン基であり;そして、
Xは、3〜1000の整数である]
1つ以上のモノマーを含み得る。
R5は、置換もしくは無置換アルキル、フェニル、およびポリエーテル基からなる群から選択され;そして、
Mは、1〜7の整数である)
からなる群から選択される。
Eは、置換もしくは無置換アルキレン、-(CH2)PC(O)O-、または-(CH2)pC(O)NR2-から選択され、ここで、pは0〜12の整数であり、
R2は、水素および置換もしくは無置換アルキルから選択される)
から選択され、
Lは、1個以上の酸素(oxgen)原子を適宜含んでよい直線状もしくは分枝状アルキレン基であり;
P1は、正荷電基であり;
P2は、負荷電基、例えばカルボキシレート基またはSO3 -基であり;
mは、3〜1000の整数であり;そして、
nは、3〜1000の整数である]
の1つ以上のモノマーを含む。
L1、L2、およびL3は、独立して、1個以上の酸素原子を適宜含んでよい直線状もしくは分枝状アルキレン基であり;
nは、3〜1000の整数であり;そして、
N1は、負荷電基、例えばカルボキシレート基、SO3 -基、もしくはPO3 -基である)
のうちの1つ以上のモノマーを含む。
該非ファウリングコーティングはまた、非-双性イオンの非ファウリング物質を、単独もしくは双性イオン物質と組み合わせて含み得る。これらの非ファウリング基は、様々な環境において様々な程度の非ファウリング能を有しうる。適切な非-双性イオン物質としては、限定はされないが、ポリエーテル(例えばポリエチレングリコール)、ポリ(エチレンオキシド-co-プロピレンオキシド)(PEO-PPO)ブロックコポリマー、多糖(例えばデキストラン)、親水性ポリマー(例えば、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)およびヒドロキシエチル-メタクリレート(HEMA))、アクリロニトリル(acrylanitrile)-アクリルアミドコポリマー、へパリン、混合電荷物質、ならびに水素結合受容基を有する物質(例えば米国特許第7,276,286号に記載のもの)が挙げられる。適切なポリマー構造としては、限定はされないが、ZIが非-双性イオンの非ファウリングヘッド基により置き換えられた式Iのモノマーを有するポリマーもしくはコポリマーが挙げられる。
基質の表面でグラフト−フロムされた非ファウリングポリマーは、コポリマー(例えばランダムもしくはブロックコポリマー)であり得る。適切なコモノマーとしては、限定はされないが、アクリレート、アクリルアミド(acryamide)、ビニル化合物、多官能(multifunctional)分子(例えば、ジ-、トリ-、およびテトライソシアネート、ジ-、トリ-、およびテトラオール、ジ-、トリ-、およびテトラアミン、ならびにジ-、トリ-、およびテトラチオシアネート);環式モノマー(例えば、ラクトンおよびラクタム)、ならびにそれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。モノマーの例を以下に記載する:
(1)荷電メタクリレートまたは一級、二級もしくは三級アミン基を有するメタクリレート、例えば、3-スルホプロピルメタクリレートカリウム塩、(2-ジメチルアミノ)エチルメタクリレート)メチルクロリド四級塩、[2-(メタクリロイルオキシ)エチル]トリメチル-アンモニウムクロリド、メタクリロイルクロリド、[3-(メタクリロイルアミノ)プロピル]-トリメチルアンモニウムクロリド)、2-アミノエチルメタクリレート塩酸塩、2-(ジエチルアミノ)エチルメタクリレート、2-(ジメチルアミノ)エチルメタクリレート、2-(tert-ブチルアミノ)エチルメタクリレート、および2-(tert-ブチルアミノ-エチルメタクリレート。
(2)アルキルメタクリレートもしくは他の疎水性メタクリレート、例えばエチルメタクリレート、ブチルメタクリレート、ヘキシルメタクリレート、2-エチルヘキシルメタクリレート、メチルメタクリレート、ラウリルメタクリレート、イソブチルメタクリレート、イソデシルメタクリレート、フェニルメタクリレート、デシルメタクリレート、3,3,5-トリメチルシクロヘキシルメタクリレート、ベンジルメタクリレート、シクロヘキシルメタクリレート、ステアリルメタクリレート、tert-ブチルメタクリレート、トリデシルメタクリレート、2-ナフチルメタクリレート、2,2,3,3-テトラフルオロプロピルメタクリレート、1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロイソプロピルメタクリレート、2,2,2-トリフルオロエチルメタクリレート、2,2,3,3,3-ペンタフルオロプロピルメタクリレート、2,2,3,4,4,4-ヘキサフルオロブチルメタクリレート、2,2,3,3,4,4,4-ヘプタフルオロブチルメタクリレート、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-オクタフルオロペンチルメタクリレート、3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-トリデカフルオロオクチルメタクリレート、および3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-ヘプタデカフルオロデシルメタクリレート。
(3)反応性もしくは架橋性メタクリレート、例えば、2-(トリメチルシリルオキシ)エチルメタクリレート、3-(トリクロロシリル)プロピルメタクリレート、3-(トリメトキシシリル)プロピルメタクリレート、3-[トリス(トリメチルシロキシ)シリル]プロピルメタクリレート、トリメチルシリルメタクリレート、アリルメタクリレート、ビニルメタクリレート、3-(アクリロイルオキシ)-2-ヒドロキシプロピルメタクリレート、3-(ジエトキシメチルシリル)プロピルメタクリレート、3-(ジメチルクロロシリル)プロピルメタクリレート 2-イソシアネートエチルメタクリレート、グリシジルメタクリレート、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、3-クロロ-2-ヒドロキシプロピルメタクリレート、ヒドロキシブチルメタクリレート、グリコールメタクリレート、ヒドロキシプロピルメタクリレート、および2-ヒドロキシプロピル2-(メタクリロイルオキシ)エチルフタレート。
(4)他のメタクリレート、例えば、エチレングリコールメチルエーテルメタクリレート、ジ(エチレングリコール)メチルエーテルメタクリレート、エチレングリコールフェニルエーテルメタクリレート、2-ブトキシエチルメタクリレート、2-エトキシエチルメタクリレート、およびエチレングリコールジクロロペンテニルエーテルメタクリレート。
非ファウリング鎖の密度を増大させることによって、非ファウリング能が向上されうる。より高い濃度のイニシエーターを有することによって、鎖間距離が減少され、それにより能力が向上されうる。基質に、イニシエーターを浸漬させるか、あるいは高密度のイニシエーターとしての機能を果たすかもしくは高密度のイニシエーターを組み込む下塗りを持たせることにより、これを達成してもよい。より長いポリマー鎖および/または分枝状非ファウリング鎖は、能力をさらに向上させうる。
一実施態様において、該表面は、1つ以上の、比色分析ラベル、蛍光ラベル、もしくはそれらの組み合わせで染色されているかまたは標識されている。これらのラベルを用いて、肉眼、分光法、顕微鏡、もしくはそれらの組み合わせにより、該表面を可視化する。適切な顕微鏡技法としては、限定はされないが、光学顕微鏡法、蛍光顕微鏡法、およびそれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
治療薬、診断薬、および/または予防薬を基質上に固定することができる。これらの薬剤(agent)は、周囲のin vivo環境と、受動的もしくは能動的に相互作用することができる。また、該薬剤を用いて、周囲のin vivoケミストリーもしくは環境を変化させることができる。2つ以上の薬剤を基質表面に固定することができ、ここで、該2つの薬剤の活性は単独のいずれの薬剤よりも高い。活性剤が物質(substance)、材料(material)もしくは薬剤上に固定されている場合、活性でないと思われる物質、材料もしくは薬剤を活性化することができる。活性剤には、限定はされないが、無機化合物、有機金属化合物、有機化合物、またはいずれの、合成もしくは天然の、公知もしくは未知の治療効果の化学もしくは生体化合物が含まれる。
グラフト−フロム法を用いて作られた非ファウリングコーティングは、タンパク質、バクテリア、もしくは他の物質によるファウリングに高い抵抗性を示しうる。このようなコーティングされた基質の製造方法を以下に記載する。
医療デバイスの基質は、多くの場合、それぞれ特有の表面特性を有する複数の異なる物質から成る。主に単一のポリマーから成るデバイスでも、物質の混合物から作られていてよく、可塑剤、放射線不透過剤(radio-opacity agent)、および他の添加剤(その全ては基質の表面特性に影響を及ぼしうる)を含むことができる。コーティングの接着および効果を最大にするための均一な表面組成を確実なものとするために、単一のポリマーもしくはポリマー混合物のプレコーティングを基質上に施してもよい。特定の実施態様において、該下塗りコーティングは単一のポリマーを含む。当分野で公知の様々な技法、例えば溶媒キャストもしくは浸漬を用いて、基質上に該ポリマーを沈着させることができ、該ポリマーはいったん基質に塗布されると、下塗りコーティングに、適宜、共有架橋結合することができる。単一ポリマー下塗り層を用いることにより、例えば、官能基の一様な同一性および濃度を有するコーティング表面を形成することができる。
本明細書に記載の組成物は、通常、グラフト−フロム法を用いて製造される。該非ファウリング物質は、基質表面上の反応性官能基からポリマーを成長させることにより、該基質表面で直接グラフト−フロムされ得る。別法として、該基質を下塗り層でコーティングすることができ、そこからポリマーを成長させる。
グラフト−フロム重合は、基質表面がカチオンもしくはアニオン性イニシエーターとして作用するか、またはカチオンもしくはアニオン性イニシエーターが該基質上に固定されており、モノマーが反応性オレフィンを含む、カチオンもしくはアニオン性反応を介して成長することができる。アニオン重合の例は、ポリカプロラクトンもしくはポリカプロラクタムを合成する場合のようなアニオン開環であり、そこではペンダント双性イオン基を含有する環構造中のラクトンもしくはラクタム部分を介して重合が進行する。別法として、不飽和のユニットの1つ以上およびペンダント双性イオン基を含む有機環(organic ring)が重合される。一実施態様において、ペンダントオレフィンがモノマー単位に含まれ、架橋、例えば開環メタセシス重合(ROMP)において用いられる。
一実施態様において、該非ファウリングポリマー物質は、ラジカル重合プロセスを用いて基質でグラフト−フロムされる。本明細書に記載の重合条件は、通常、他の重合方法に比べて穏やかであり、従って、下層基質の機械的特性、屈曲性(flexibility)、または寸法特性を大きく変化させない。
一実施態様において、該イニシエーターは紫外線(UV)イニシエーターである。該基質およびイニシエーターは、通常、双性イオンモノマーを含有する脱気された水溶液中に入れられ、UV光に曝露され、基質表面でのグラフト−フロムラジカル重合が開始される。
別の実施態様において、上記のUVイニシエーターの代わりに加熱活性化(熱)イニシエーターを用いて、モノマー水溶液温度を望ましい温度まで加熱することによりグラフト−フロム重合を開始させ、重合が完了するまで該温度を一定に保持する。
別の実施態様において、レドックスイニシエーターシステムを用いて、基質の表面からの重合を開始させる。該レドックスイニシエーターシステムには、通常、イニシエーターのペアー:オキシダントおよび還元剤が含まれる。本明細書に記載のレドックス化学を修飾して、非ファウリングポリマー材料を、例えば、ブラシの形態(例えば双性イオンポリマーブラシ)で、製造することができる。レドックスイニシエーションは最も効率的な一電子移動反応であると考えられており、穏やかな条件下においてフリーラジカルを効率的に産生する。
グラフト−フロム法において、該活性剤は通常、該表面から非ファウリング物質が形成された後で、該非ファウリング物質上に固定されうる。
上記の物質は、非ファウリング物質がコーティングとして施されている医療デバイスの形態であってよい。適切なデバイスとしては、限定はされないが、組織、とりわけヒト組織に接触する、手術、医療もしくは歯科用器具、眼科デバイス、創傷治療剤(絆創膏、縫合材(suture)、細胞足場、骨セメント、パーティクル(particle))、アプライアンス、インプラント、足場、縫合材、弁、ペースメーカー、ステント、カテーテル、ロッド、インプラント、骨折固定デバイス、ポンプ、チューブ、ワイヤー、電極、避妊具、婦人用衛生用品、内視鏡、創傷被覆材、および他のデバイスが挙げられる。
一実施態様において、該非ファウリング物質は、繊維状物質上に直接コーティングされているか、繊維状物質に組み込まれているか、あるいは繊維状物質上に間接的にコーティングされている(例えば、異なる表面コーティング上にコーティングされている)。これらには、創傷被覆材、絆創膏、ガーゼ、テープ;パッド、スポンジ(織物および不織布スポンジ、および歯科もしくは眼科手術用に特別に設計されたもの(例えば、米国特許第4,098,728; 4,211,227; 4,636,208; 5,180,375;および6,711,879号参照)を含む)、外科用ドレープとして用いられる紙もしくはポリマー物質、使い捨ておむつ、テープ、絆創膏、女性用用品(feminine product)、縫合材、ならびに他の繊維状物質が含まれる。
該非ファウリング物質は、ポリマー、金属もしくはセラミック基質に、直接塗布することができるか、あるいは組み込むことができる。適切なデバイスとしては、限定はされないが、手術、医療もしくは歯科用器具、血液酸素供給器、ポンプ、チューブ、ワイヤー、電極、避妊具、婦人用衛生用品、内視鏡、グラフト、ステント、ペースメーカー、植え込み型除細動器、心臓再同期装置、補助循環装置、心臓弁、カテーテル(血管、尿路、神経、腹膜、インターベンション用などを含む)、シャント、創部ドレイン、透析膜、注入ポート、蝸牛インプラント、気管内チューブ、ガイドワイヤー、液貯留バッグ、センサー、創傷治療剤(包帯材、絆創膏、縫合材、細胞足場、骨セメント、パーティクル)、眼科デバイス、整形外科デバイス(股関節インプラント、膝関節インプラント、脊椎(spinal)インプラント、スクリュー、プレート、リベット、ロッド、髄内釘、骨セメント、人工腱、および他の人工装具もしくは骨折修復デバイス)、歯科インプラント、乳房インプラント、陰茎インプラント、顎顔面インプラント、美容インプラント、バルブ、アプライアンス、足場、縫合材、針、ヘルニア修復メッシュ、テンションフリー膣テープおよび膣スリング、組織再生もしくは細胞培養デバイス、あるいは体内もしくは体と接触して用いられる他の医療デバイスまたはそのいずれかのあらゆる部分が挙げられる。好ましくは、本明細書の該非ファウリングコーティングは、デバイスの望ましい物理的性質(限定はされないが、屈曲性、耐久性、ねじれ耐性、耐摩擦性、熱および電気伝導率、引張強度、硬度、バースト圧力、などを含む)に、著しい悪影響を与えない。
該非ファウリング物質を、白カビ、バクテリア混入を防ぐためにペイントおよび他のコーティングならびにフィルターに加えることができ、また、ファウリングを防ぐことが望ましい他の用途、例えば、海洋用途(船殻コーティング)、コンタクトレンズ、歯科インプラント、in vivoセンサーへのコーティング、分離用のデバイス(例えば、微生物懸濁液、生体分子の分離、タンパク質分画、細胞分離、排水処理のための膜)、バイオリアクター、および食品加工プロセスに加えることもできる。
工程1. ベンゾフェノン浸漬
ポリウレタン試料を1LのVWRもしくはパイレックスボトルに入れた。このボトルに、160 mLのベンゾフェノン/アセトンの10%(w/v)溶液を加えた。撹拌子を入れた後、該ボトルに蓋をし、アルミホイルで覆って光から保護し、終夜撹拌した。ポリウレタン部分からベンゾフェノン溶液をデカントし;150 mL アセトンを加え、該ポリウレタン試料とともに30分間撹拌し、アルミホイルで覆った。該試料を、大きなブフナー漏斗を用いて濾過し、アセトンですすいだ。該試料を、ガラスのペトリ皿に入れ、窒素ガス気流で乾燥させ、遮光にて(in the dark)終夜、アルミホイル上に置いた。
石英ガラス管の底をゴムセプタムで栓をし、パラフィルムで固定した。テフロンテープを該管の上部全体に巻き付けて、先端の栓による密閉の強化を確実にした。該ベンゾフェノン-浸漬ポリウレタン試料を該管に入れ、該管の先端をゴムセプタムで栓をし、パラフィルムで固定した。10%(w/v) SBMA水溶液(solution in water)および全ての石英反応管を、アルゴンで35分間パージした後、モノマー溶液を各反応管に移し入れ、該先端をパラフィルムで固定した。軽くたたいて、いずれの気泡も溶液上に浮上させた。該管をUV反応装置の中で直立させて設置し、回転させながら6時間照射した。該反応装置から該管を取り出した後、各ポリウレタン試料を、各々、温水(hot water)ですすぎ、1xPBS中で終夜振盪させ、プラスチックの培養管において、1xPBS中で4℃にて、保存した。同様の方法を用いて、モノマー、例えばSBMAの代わりにCBMA、を用いたカルボキシベタインコーティングを製造してもよい。
コポリマーの合成
5O mLの無水メタノールを、25O mLの乾燥フラスコ中に、4mLのラウリルメタクリレートおよび4 mLの2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートと一緒に加える。窒素で5分間パージした後、0.3 mLの3-(トリメトキシシリル)プロピルメタクリレートを加え、脱気を続ける。重合を、6O℃にて不活性雰囲気下において、0.2 gのアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)を加えることによって開始させ、18時間撹拌する。該反応混合液を、無水メタノール(分子量 カットオフ 2,000)に対する 時間の(for h)透析により精製して、コポリマー溶液(下塗り溶液)を得る。
ポリウレタン基質、例えば10フレンチのポリウレタンロッドを、0.5%の下塗り/メタノール溶液に、周囲条件で3分間浸し、取り出し、6O℃で1時間乾燥させる。上記の浸漬および乾燥手順を4回繰り返した後、該試料を6O℃で18時間乾燥させる。次いで、それらを1xPBSで18時間洗浄した後、DI水で洗浄し、風乾させる。
下塗りコーティングされた試料を、1 mg/mLの硫酸アンモニウムセリウム(IV)を有する10%のSBMA水溶液とともにフラスコに加え、窒素で15分間パージする。次いで、該反応を、45℃で2時間、撹拌下において進行させる。該試料を取り出し、PBSで洗浄して、吸着ホモポリマーを除去する。ELISAによると、処理された試料は83%のフィブリノーゲン吸着の減少を示す。
ジクミルペルオキシド浸漬
10フレンチのポリウレタンロッドを、アセトンもしくはメタノール中のジクミルペルオキシドの10%溶液中に2時間浸し、気流を用いて乾燥させ、空気中で18時間維持する。
10.5%のSBMA水溶液およびジクミルペルオキシド処理ポリウレタンロッドを、磁気撹拌しながら、フラスコに入れ、アルゴンで10分間パージした後、100mMのグルコン酸Fe(II)溶液を加える。SBMAとグルコン酸Fe(II)の最終溶液は、各々、10%(wt/wt)および5mMである。さらに20分、アルゴンでパージし続ける。次いで、該反応を60℃で5時間進行させる。その後、該試料を取り出し、1xPBSで終夜洗浄する。ELISAによると、処理された試料は90%ものフィブリノーゲン吸着の減少を示す。
24時間コロニー形成アッセイ
実施例3で製造したレドックスSBMA、実施例1で製造したUV SBMA、および対照のCarbothaneロッドを、50%ウシ胎仔血清とともに18時間インキュベートした。次いで、試料を、黄色ブドウ球菌 ATCC 25923とともに、1%TSB中に1-3x105 CFU/mLの出発プランクトン濃度で、37℃にて撹拌しながら、24時間インキュベートした。24時間後、物質上に蓄積したバイオフィルムを超音波処理により除去し、バクテリア細胞の総数を希釈平板によって定量化した。さらに、アッセイの終わりにおけるプランクトン濃度をモニタリングして、アッセイアーチファクトを生み出しうる毒性浸出性(toxic leachable)化合物が確実に存在しないようにした。該プレートを37℃にて24時間インキュベートした後、コロニーをカウントし、各試料上に存在する生存細胞の数を決定した。各実験は、各物質の4つの試料を用いて、3回重複で実施した。
In Vivo 血栓形成モデル
実施例1に記載のとおり製造したUVベースのカルボキシベタイン修飾のin vivoにおける長期的な能力が、ヒツジでのコーティングされたTecoflexロッドの7-日間の橈側皮静脈移植において示された。簡潔に言うと、CB修飾で処理されているかもしくは未修飾の4 Fr. X 15 cm Tecoflex(登録商標)ロッドから成る被験物を2歳の雄のサフォークヒツジの橈側皮静脈に挿入した。7日後、該ヒツジを麻酔し、末梢血液サンプルを採取し、橈側皮静脈を結紮して切除し、除去プロセスの間、該静脈中のインプラント物はそのままにしていた。次いで、インプラントロッド上の血栓を乱すことなく、該静脈を軸方向に切り、慎重に開いた。コーティング物および未コーティング物上の総血栓量を評価した。1つのコーティングデバイスおよび未コーティングデバイスを各動物に施し、個体間のばらつき(animal to animal variability)をコントロールした。同一の動物の反対側の静脈中に施したTecoflex対照と比べて、血栓重量において72%の減少が見られ(図1参照)、この減少は視覚的にはっきりと見えた。これらのデータにより、非接着性コーティングの血栓形成防止能および該コーティングの長期間の活性維持能が示される。
Tecoflex SG-93A(2.5g)を、還流中のテトラヒドロフランに、激しく撹拌しながら溶解させた。該溶液を室温まで冷却しメタノールで希釈した。最終的な溶液濃度は、1% Tecoflex SG-93A、40%テトラヒドロフラン、および60%メタノールであった。ジクミルペルオキシド(2.5g)をこのポリマー溶液のアリコート(25g)に加え、該混合液を、全てのジクミルペルオキシドが溶解するまで撹拌した。
Claims (57)
- 基質を含有し、該基質上に固定された下塗り層を適宜含有してもよい組成物であって、該基質もしくは下塗り層に非ファウリングポリマー物質を共有結合させ、ここで、該ポリマー物質は該基質もしくは該下塗り層内でグラフト−フロムされる、組成物。
- 基質を含有し、該基質上に固定された下塗り層を適宜含有してもよい組成物であって、該基質もしくは下塗り層に非ファウリングポリマー物質を共有結合させ、ここで、該非ファウリングポリマー物質の濃度は約0.50 μg/cm2〜約5 mg/cm2であるか、またはポリマー鎖間距離は非ファウリングポリマー物質中へのファウリング分子の侵入を減少させる、組成物。
- 該基質が、金属物質、セラミック、ポリマー、織物材料、不織布材料、シリコン、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 該金属物質が、チタンおよびその合金、ステンレススチール、タンタル、パラジウム、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、モリブデン、ニッケル-クロム、コバルトまたはその合金、ならびにそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 該セラミックが、遷移金属元素もしくはメタロイド元素の、オキシド、カーバイド、またはニトリドからなる群から選択される、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 該ポリマーが、ポリスチレンおよび置換ポリスチレン、ポリ(ウレタン)、ポリアクリレートおよびポリメタクリレート、ポリアクリルアミドおよびポリメタクリルアミド、ポリエステル、ポリシロキサン、ポリエーテル、ポリ(オルトエステル)、ポリ(カーボネート)、ポリ(ヒドロキシアルカノエート)、ポリフルオロカーボン、PEEK、テフロン、シリコン、エポキシ樹脂、ポリアミドおよびそのコポリマー、ナイロン、ポリアルケン、フェノール樹脂、PTFE、天然および合成エラストマー、接着剤および密封剤、ポリオレフィン、ポリスルホン、ポリアクリロニトリル、多糖、ならびにそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 該ポリマーがポリウレタンまたはポリカーボネート-ベースのポリウレタンである、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 該基質が金またはガラスでない、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 該基質の表面が、均一の化学組成を有する表面を形成するために下塗り層を含有する、請求項1から8のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
- 該下塗り層がポリウレタンである、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 該基質がペルオキシドで処理された基質である、請求項1から10のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
- 該基質が実質的にチオールフリーである、請求項1から11のいずれか1つに記載の抗菌ポリマー組成物。
- 該非ファウリングポリマー物質が双性イオンポリマーである、請求項1から12のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
- xが、約10〜約500、約20〜約250、または約30〜約100である、請求項14または15に記載の組成物。
- 該双性イオンポリマーが、スルホンベタインメタクリレート(SBMA)もしくはスルホンベタインアクリルアミドのホモポリマーである、請求項15に記載の組成物。
- 該双性イオンポリマーが、スルホンベタインメタクリレート(SBMA)もしくはスルホンベタインアクリルアミドを含有するコポリマーである、請求項15に記載の組成物。
- 該双性イオンポリマーが、以下の式:
B1およびB2は、独立して、式:
Rは、水素または置換もしくは無置換アルキルから選択され;
Eは、置換もしくは無置換アルキレン、(CH2)PC(O)O-、または-(CH2)PC(O)NR2-から選択され、ここでpは整数0〜12の整数である)
から選択され、
R2は、水素または置換もしくは無置換アルキルから選択され;
Lは、1個以上の酸素原子を適宜含有してよい直線状もしくは分枝状アルキレン基であり;
P1は、正荷電基であり;
P2は、負荷電基であり;
mは、3〜1000の整数であり;そして、
nは、3〜1000の整数である]
を有する、請求項13に記載の組成物。 - 該負荷電基が、カルボキシレート基、-SO3 -、-OSO3 -、-PO3 -、および-OPO3 -からなる群から選択される、請求項19または20に記載の組成物。
- 該正荷電基が、四級化窒素またはカチオン性リン含有基である、請求項19に記載の組成物。
- x、m、およびnが、約10〜約500、約20〜約250、または約30〜約100である、請求項19または20に記載の組成物。
- 該非ファウリング物質が、ポリエーテル、多糖、ポリビニルピロリドン、ヒドロキシエチル-メタクリレート、アクリロニトリル-アクリルアミドコポリマー、へパリン、混合電荷ポリマー、および水素結合受容基を有するポリマーからなる群から選択される非-双性イオンポリマーである、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 該ポリマー物質がUV-開始フリーラジカル重合により形成される、請求項1〜24のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
- 該ポリマー物質がレドックス-開始フリーラジカル重合により形成される、請求項1〜24のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
- 該非ファウリング物質が基質および/または下塗り層中に存在するラジカルにより重合される、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 該ラジカルがペルオキシドおよび金属塩を含有するレドックスペアーから形成される、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 該ペルオキシドが基質中に吸収されている、請求項28に記載の組成物。
- 該ペルオキシドがジクミルペルオキシドであって、該金属塩がグルコン酸Fe(II)である、請求項28に記載の組成物。
- 該非ファウリングポリマー物質が、該基質の末端に結合し、ブラシ構造を形成する、請求項1〜30のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
- 該非ファウリングポリマー物質がテザーを介して基質もしくは下塗り層でグラフト−フロムされる、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 該非ファウリングポリマー物質、該基質、該下塗り層、もしくはそれらの組み合わせが、それらの上に固定された1つ以上の生物活性剤を有する、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 該1つ以上の生物活性剤が、非ファウリング物質、基質、下塗り層、もしくはそれらの組み合わせ上に、共有結合かもしくは非共有結合で固定されている、請求項33に記載の組成物。
- 該1つ以上の生物活性剤が、該非ファウリング物質、該基質、下塗り層、もしくはそれらの組み合わせに、テザーを介して固定されている、請求項33または34に記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)、培地、血清、もしくはin vivo中において37℃で、少なくとも1、7、14、30、90、365、もしくは1000日間保存された後、未コーティングの基質と比べて、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、もしくは99%以上、ファウリングを減少させる、請求項1〜35のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が生体適合性である、請求項1〜36のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が実質的に非溶血性であって実質的に細胞毒性がない、請求項37に記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が抗菌性である、請求項1〜38のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が抗血栓形成性である、請求項1〜39のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が、PBS、培地、血清、もしくはin vivoにおいて、1、7、14、30、90、365、もしくは1000日間、表面接触角、非ファウリング、抗血栓形成性、および/または抗菌活性といったそのもともとの物質特性の、少なくとも25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、もしくは99%を保持する、請求項1〜40のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
- 該組成物が医療デバイスの形態である、請求項1〜41のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
- 該医療デバイスが、繊維;手術、医療、もしくは歯科器具;血液酸素供給器、人工呼吸器、ポンプ、ドラッグデリバリーデバイス、チューブ、ワイヤー、電極、避妊具、婦人用衛生用品、内視鏡、グラフト、ステント、ステントグラフト、ペースメーカー、植え込み型除細動器、心臓再同期装置、心血管装置リード、補助循環装置およびドライブライン、心臓弁、大静脈フィルター、血管内コイル、カテーテル、カテーテルコネクタおよびバルブ、静脈内送達ラインおよびマニフォールド、シャント、創部ドレイン、透析膜、注入ポート、蝸牛インプラント、気管内チューブ、気管切開チューブ、人工呼吸器呼吸管および回路、ガイドワイヤー、液貯留バッグ、ドラッグデリバリーバッグおよびチューブ、埋め込み型センサー、眼科デバイス、整形外科デバイス、歯科インプラント、歯周インプラント、乳房インプラント、陰茎インプラント、顎顔面インプラント、美容インプラント、バルブ、アプライアンス、足場、縫合材、針、ヘルニア修復メッシュ、テンションフリー膣テープおよび膣スリング、人工神経デバイス、組織再生もしくは細胞培養デバイス、あるいは体内もしくは体と接触して用いられる他の医療デバイスからなる群から選択される、請求項42に記載の組成物。
- 該デバイスが、管腔、空洞、多孔質構造、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項43に記載の組成物。
- 該デバイスが、末梢挿入中心静脈カテーテル(PICC)、中心静脈カテーテル(CVC)、および血液透析カテーテルからなる群から選択される血管内挿入カテーテルである、請求項44に記載の組成物。
- 引張強度、引張係数、デバイス寸法、もしくはそれらの組み合わせが、未コーティング基質の引張強度、引張係数、デバイス寸法、もしくはそれらの組み合わせの、20%、10%、5%、もしくは1%内である、請求項1〜45のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
- 該基質、下塗り層もしくはその両方の中で、および/または該基質、下塗り層もしくはその両方の表面で、非ファウリングポリマー物質をグラフト−フロムすることを含む、請求項1〜46のいずれか1つに記載の組成物の製造方法。
- 該非ファウリングポリマー物質が、基質、下塗り層、もしくはその両方の中で、および/または基質、下塗り層、もしくはその両方の表面で、1つ以上のフリーラジカルイニシエーターを用いてグラフト−フロムされる、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 該1つ以上のイニシエーターが紫外線(UV)イニシエーターである、請求項48に記載の方法。
- 該1つ以上のイニシエーターがレドックスイニシエーターペアーである、請求項48に記載の方法。
- 該1つ以上のフリーラジカルイニシエーターが、該基質、該下塗り層、もしくはそれらの組み合わせ中に吸収される、請求項49または50に記載の方法。
- 該レドックスイニシエーターが、疎水性-親水性レドックスイニシエーターペアーを含有する、請求項50または51に記載の方法。
- 該レドックスイニシエーターシステムがペルオキシドおよび金属塩を含有する、請求項52に記載の方法。
- 該ペルオキシドがジクミルペルオキシドであって、該金属塩がグルコン酸Fe(II)である、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 該グラフト−フロム重合が照準線を必要としない、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 該基質、下塗り層、もしくはそれらの組み合わせが、重合を開始させるためのフリーラジカルをもたらすために、プラズマもしくはオゾンで処理されていない、請求項47〜55のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 該グラフト−フロム重合が1つ以上の酸素スカベンジャーの存在下において生じる、請求項47〜55のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
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CN102307955A (zh) | 2012-01-04 |
CA2745440C (en) | 2017-09-12 |
WO2010065960A3 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
JP6150267B2 (ja) | 2017-06-21 |
AU2009322136A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
HK1164355A1 (en) | 2012-09-21 |
ZA201104120B (en) | 2012-04-25 |
US20100152708A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
AU2009322136B2 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
CA2745440A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
EP2352797B1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
CN102307955B (zh) | 2014-09-10 |
KR20110106866A (ko) | 2011-09-29 |
ES2432388T3 (es) | 2013-12-03 |
JP2012510880A (ja) | 2012-05-17 |
NZ593201A (en) | 2013-05-31 |
US9895470B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
EP2352797A2 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
SG171882A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
WO2010065960A2 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
BRPI0922266A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
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