JP2015034180A - 対象において持続的治療薬濃度を実現するための組成物及び方法 - Google Patents
対象において持続的治療薬濃度を実現するための組成物及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015034180A JP2015034180A JP2014232556A JP2014232556A JP2015034180A JP 2015034180 A JP2015034180 A JP 2015034180A JP 2014232556 A JP2014232556 A JP 2014232556A JP 2014232556 A JP2014232556 A JP 2014232556A JP 2015034180 A JP2015034180 A JP 2015034180A
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Abstract
【解決手段】本明細書には、生体内投与時に小分子抗癌剤の持続的治療効果を実現するための化合物及び方法が記載される。本明細書には、トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬プロドラッグの単回投与時に生体内でメトロノミック投薬プロファイルを実現する方法が提供される。この方法は、トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬のプロドラッグであって、トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬がポリエチレングリコール部分に放出可能に結合したプロドラッグを、哺乳類対象(ヒトなど)に投与するステップであって、それにより単回用量のプロドラッグで、トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬又はその代謝産物の血漿中濃度が投与後少なくとも7日間にわたり検出レベルより高く維持されることを実現するステップを含む。
【選択図】図1
Description
本願は、以下の米国仮特許出願:2008年9月23日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/099,516号明細書;2008年10月20日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/106,931号明細書;及び2009年4月28日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/173,433号明細書に対する優先権を主張し、それらの内容は全て、全体として参照により本明細書に援用される。
に対応するプロドラッグを含む医薬組成物の治療有効量を投与するステップを含む。
に対応するプロドラッグを含む医薬組成物の治療有効量を投与するステップを含む。
本発明の好ましい実施形態では、例えば以下が提供される:
(項目1)
トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬プロドラッグの単回投与時に生体内でメトロノミック投薬プロファイルを実現する方法であって、
トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬のプロドラッグであって、前記トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬がポリエチレングリコール部分に放出可能に結合したプロドラッグを、哺乳類対象に投与するステップであって、それにより単回用量の前記プロドラッグで、前記トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬又はその代謝産物の血漿中濃度が投与後少なくとも7日間にわたり検出レベルより高く維持されることを実現するステップ、
を含む、方法。
(項目2)
前記プロドラッグの単回用量で、前記トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬又はその代謝産物の血漿中濃度が、投与後少なくとも7日間にわたり検出レベルより少なくとも約2倍高く維持されることを実現するのに有効である、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目3)
前記プロドラッグの単回用量で、前記トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬又はその代謝産物の血漿中濃度が、投与後少なくとも7日間にわたり検出レベルより少なくとも約3倍高く維持されることを実現するのに有効である、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目4)
前記プロドラッグの単回用量で、前記トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬又はその代謝産物の血漿中濃度が、投与後少なくとも14日間にわたり検出レベルより高く維持されることを実現するのに有効である、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目5)
前記プロドラッグの単回用量で、前記トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬又はその代謝産物の血漿中濃度が、投与後少なくとも21日間にわたり検出レベルより高く維持されることを実現するのに有効である、項目4に記載の方法。
(項目6)
それにより単回用量の前記プロドラッグで、前記トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬又はその代謝産物の血漿中濃度が投与後少なくとも7日間にわたり検出レベルより高く維持されることを実現する方法であって、例えば、前記投与ステップにおいてプロドラッグ形態で投与されるトポイソメラーゼ阻害薬の前記投薬量より少なくとも2倍低い1日投薬量で前記トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬を毎日メトロノミック投薬することにより実現される、項目1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目7)
前記投与が、腹腔内注射、静脈内注射、皮下注射、及び筋肉内注射から選択される、項目1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目8)
前記プロドラッグが、イリノテカン、トポテカン、カンプトテシン、及びラメラリンDから選択されるトポイソメラーゼ阻害薬のものである、項目1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目9)
前記プロドラッグがイリノテカンプロドラッグである、項目8に記載の方法。
(項目10)
前記プロドラッグがマルチアーム型である、項目8に記載の方法。
(項目11)
前記マルチアーム型プロドラッグが、3〜10本のポリエチレングリコールアームであって、各々が、それに放出可能に結合したトポイソメラーゼ阻害薬分子を有するアームを有する、項目10に記載の方法。
(項目12)
前記プロドラッグが以下の構造:
を有する、項目11に記載の方法。
(項目13)
前記投与ステップにより、イリノテカン又はその代謝産物の血漿中濃度が投与後少なくとも7日間にわたり約0.2ng/mLより高く維持されることを実現するのに有効である、項目9又は12に記載の方法。
(項目14)
1つ又は複数の癌性固形腫瘍を有する哺乳類対象に対する非連続投薬レジメンにより、構造(I):
に対応するプロドラッグを含む医薬組成物の治療有効量を投与するステップを含む、イリノテカンを前記哺乳類対象に投与することによりSN−38に対する持続的曝露を実現する方法であって、
前記非連続投薬レジメンが、7日に1回以下の頻度で医薬組成物を投与し、それにより投薬間の血漿中SN−38の持続的治療レベルを維持することを含む、方法。
(項目15)
SN−38の治療レベルが約0.2ng/mLの血漿中濃度又はそれ以上に維持される、項目14に記載の方法。
(項目16)
前記投薬レジメンが、前記医薬組成物を21日に1回投与することを含み、SN−38の治療レベルが投薬間に約0.4ng/mLの血漿中濃度又はそれ以上に維持される、項目14又は15に記載の方法。
(項目17)
1つ又は複数の癌性固形腫瘍を有する哺乳類対象に対し、構造(I):
に対応するプロドラッグを含む医薬組成物の治療有効量を投与するステップ
を含む、イリノテカンの治療効果の長時間化を実現する方法であって、
前記投与が、7日に1回〜30日に1回の頻度で前記組成物を投与し、それにより750時間を超えるSN−38の血漿中排出半減期を実現することを含む、方法。
(項目18)
前記プロドラッグの全体的な公称平均分子量が、約10,000〜約60,000ダルトンの範囲である、項目17に記載の方法。
(項目19)
前記投与が、7日に1回、14日に1回、21日に1回及び28日に1回から選択される頻度で行われる、項目17又は18に記載の方法。
(項目20)
前記固形腫瘍のタイプが、卵巣癌、乳癌、子宮頸癌、上顎洞癌、膀胱癌、結腸直腸癌、小細胞肺癌、及び非小細胞肺癌から選択される、項目14〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目21)
前記投与が、前記対象に対し約70mg/m2〜約300mg/m2の範囲のイリノテカンの投薬量を投与するステップを含む、項目20に記載の方法。
(項目22)
前記投与が、治療開始時から計測したときの腫瘍成長を予防するのに有効である、項目20に記載の方法。
(項目23)
前記投与が、腫瘍サイズの退縮をもたらすのに有効である、項目20に記載の方法。
(項目24)
ポリエチレングリコール部分に放出可能に結合したトポイソメラーゼ阻害薬分子を有するプロドラッグを哺乳類対象に投与し、それにより単回用量の前記プロドラッグで、前記トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬又はその代謝産物の血漿中濃度が投与後少なくとも7日間にわたり検出レベルより高く維持されることを実現することによる、単回投与時に生体内でメトロノミック投薬プロファイルを実現するための方法におけるトポイソメラーゼ阻害薬プロドラッグの使用。
(項目25)
1つ又は複数の癌性固形腫瘍を有する哺乳類対象に対し、非連続投薬レジメンによって構造(I)の化合物の治療有効量を投与することによる、SN−38に対する持続的曝露を実現する方法における、項目14に記載の構造(I)に対応するプロドラッグを含む医薬組成物の使用であって、前記非連続投薬レジメンが、7日に1回以下の頻度で前記医薬組成物を投与し、それにより投薬間の血漿中SN−38の持続的治療レベルを維持することを含む、使用。
(項目26)
1つ又は複数の癌性固形腫瘍を有する哺乳類対象に対し、構造(I)に対応するプロドラッグの治療有効量を投与することによる、イリノテカンの治療効果の長時間化を実現するための、項目14に記載の構造(I)に対応するプロドラッグを含む医薬組成物の使用であって、前記投与が、7日に1回〜30日に1回の頻度で前記組成物を投与し、それにより750時間を超えるSN−38の血漿中排出半減期を実現することを含む、使用。
本明細書で使用されるとき、単数形「a」、「an」、及び「the」は、文脈上特に明確に指示されない限り複数形の指示対象を含むことに留意しなければならない。従って、例えば、「ポリマー」と言うとき、それは単一のポリマー並びに2つ以上の同じ又は異なるポリマーを含み、「コンジュゲート」と言うとき、それは単一のコンジュゲート並びに2つ以上の同じ又は異なるコンジュゲートを含み、「賦形剤」と言うとき、それは単一の賦形剤並びに2つ以上の同じ又は異なる賦形剤を含み、以下同様である。
概して上記に記載されるとおり、本開示は小分子抗癌プロドラッグに関する。プロドラッグとは、概して(但し必須ではない)不活性な、活性親薬物から改変された形態の化合物を指し、投与されると、プロドラッグは生体内で代謝されて活性代謝産物となる。好ましくは、本明細書に提供されるプロドラッグは、小分子抗癌剤の水溶性ポリマーコンジュゲートである。
好ましいプロドラッグは、マルチアームポリマーを含み、すなわち3本以上のアームを有し、且つ一般的構造:
R(−Q−POLY1−X−D)q
を有するプロドラッグである。
典型的には、活性薬剤部分は分子量が約1000未満の小分子抗癌剤である。さらに追加の実施形態において、小分子薬物は分子量が約800未満、又はさらに約750未満である。さらに別の実施形態において、小分子薬物は分子量が約500未満、又はある場合には、さらには約300未満である。好ましい活性薬剤部分としては抗癌剤が挙げられる。特に、少なくとも1個のヒドロキシル基を有するものなどの腫瘍崩壊薬が好ましい。
本発明は、獣医学用途及び人間医学用途の双方のための医薬製剤又は組成物を提供し、これは、本発明の1つ又は複数のプロドラッグ又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩を、典型的には1つ又は複数の薬学的に許容可能な担体と共に含み、及び場合により任意の他の治療成分、安定剤などを含む。1つ又は複数の担体は、製剤の他の成分と適合性を有し、且つその被投与者にとって過度に有害でないという意味で薬学的に許容可能なものでなければならない。本組成物はまた、ポリマー賦形剤/添加剤又は担体、例えば、ポリビニルピロリドン、誘導体化セルロース、例えば、ヒドロキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、及びヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、Ficoll(ポリマー糖)、ヒドロキシエチルデンプン(HES)、デキストレート(例えば、2−ヒドロキシプロピル−β−シクロデキストリン及びスルホブチルエーテル−β−シクロデキストリンなどのシクロデキストリン)、ポリエチレングリコール、並びにペクチンを含んでもよい。本組成物は、さらに、希釈剤、緩衝剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、増粘剤、潤滑剤、防腐剤(抗酸化剤を含む)、香味剤、味マスキング剤、無機塩(例えば、塩化ナトリウム)、抗菌剤(例えば、塩化ベンザルコニウム)、甘味料、帯電防止剤、界面活性剤(例えば、「TWEEN
20」及び「TWEEN 80」などのポリソルベート、並びにBASFから入手可能なF68及びF88などのpluronic)、ソルビタンエステル、脂質(例えば、リン脂質、例えばレシチン及び他のホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、脂肪酸及び脂肪酸エステル、ステロイド(例えば、コレステロール))、並びにキレート剤(例えば、EDTA、亜鉛及び他のかかる好適なカチオン)を含んでもよい。本発明に係る組成物での使用に好適な他の医薬賦形剤及び/又は添加剤は、「Remington:The Science & Practice of Pharmacy」、第19版、Williams & Williams(1995)、及び「Physician’s Desk Reference」、第52版、Medical Economics、Montvale,NJ(1998)、及び「Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients」、第3版、A.H.Kibbe編、Pharmaceutical Press、2000に掲載されている。
本プロドラッグは、任意の動物、特にヒトなどの哺乳類において未修飾の活性薬剤による治療に反応する任意の病態を治療又は予防するために使用することができる。本プロドラッグは、例えば癌の治療における化学療法薬として特に有用である。
進行期癌患者における第I相臨床試験
第1相用量漸増試験では、前治療が奏功しなかったか、又はそうした患者に対する標準的な治療が存在しなかった44人の進行固形腫瘍患者において、化合物Iの単剤治療の安全性、薬物動態及び抗腫瘍活性を評価した。患者は、以下のとおり化合物Iの90分注入を受けた:3週間にわたり週1回、第4週目はなし(n=32);q14日すなわち2週間毎(n=6);及びq21日すなわち3週間毎(n=6)。腫瘍の反応は、RECIST(固形がんの効果判定規準(Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors))の規準に従い評価した。
この研究は安全性を評価するために設計したが、驚くことに、相当数の患者が腫瘍増殖の停止又は腫瘍サイズの後退(退縮)を示すことにより治療に好適に反応し、ここで抗癌剤の前治療は奏功していない。以下の表6を参照のこと。
白金抵抗性卵巣癌における非臨床及び第1相臨床抗腫瘍活性
この試験は、転移性白金抵抗性卵巣癌における4アームPEG−GLY−Irino−20K(化合物I)の非臨床及び臨床抗腫瘍活性を調べるために行われた。
マウス:反応の概要を、図3として提供される表に提供する。対照腫瘍は、中央値14日で2000mm3のエンドポイントまで急激且つ一様に成長した。50、100、及び150mg/kgで投与したイリノテカンは、TGDがそれぞれ12日、15日、及び16日となり、最も高用量において1例の部分的退縮(PR)があった。化合物Iは、イリノテカン等価用量で投与したとき、TGDがそれぞれ33日、32日、及び34日となり、各群において100%の退縮奏効率(PR+CR)であった。化合物Iの用量増加はCR反応例の増加と関係していた(それぞれ、5例、8例、及び9例のCR)。化合物Iは、全ての試験用量において等価なイリノテカン用量より優れていたとともに、最も低用量の化合物Iが、最も高いイリノテカン用量より優れていた。
Claims (5)
- 前記プロドラッグの全体的な公称平均分子量が、10,000〜60,000ダルトンの範囲である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、7日に1回、14日に1回、21日に1回及び28日に1回から選択される頻度で投与されるものであることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、70mg/m2〜300mg/m2の範囲のイリノテカンの投薬量で投与されるものであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記投与が、腹腔内注射、静脈内注射、皮下注射、および筋肉内注射から選択される、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
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