JP2014514403A - ポリエチレン粉末及びそれから製造される多孔質物品 - Google Patents
ポリエチレン粉末及びそれから製造される多孔質物品 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- -1 Polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 20
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VSYZXASVWVQEMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-dienylalumane Chemical compound CC(=C[AlH2])C=C VSYZXASVWVQEMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
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- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004705 High-molecular-weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011954 Ziegler–Natta catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;octadecanoic acid Chemical class [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F10/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/24—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by surface fusion and bonding of particles to form voids, e.g. sintering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/06—Polyethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
- C08L2207/068—Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/268—Monolayer with structurally defined element
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
[0020]本ポリエチレン粉末は、ASTM−4020によって測定して、約3,000,000g/モル乃至約4,000,000g/モルの範囲、一般に約3,100,000g/モル〜約3,700,000g/モルの範囲の平均分子量を有する。この粉末は単峰分子量分布又は二峰分子量を有することができ、後者の場合には、粉末の第1のフラクションは約200,000g/モル〜約3,000,000g/モルの範囲の分子量を有し、第2のフラクションは約1,000,000g/モル〜約10,000,000g/モルの範囲の分子量を有する。一般に、第1の分子量のフラクションの量は0〜50%の範囲である。
[0024]本発明において用いるポリエチレン粉末は、通常は、不均一触媒、及び共触媒としてアルキルアルミニウム化合物を用いて、エチレンを、場合によっては1種類以上の他のα−オレフィンコモノマーと共に接触重合するによって製造される。好ましい不均一触媒としては、通常は第I〜III族の金属のアルキル誘導体又はヒドリドと反応させた周期律表の第IV〜VIII族の遷移金属のハロゲン化物であるチーグラー・ナッタタイプの触媒が挙げられる。代表的なチーグラー触媒としては、アルミニウム及びマグネシウムアルキルと四ハロゲン化チタンの反応生成物をベースとするものが挙げられる。
[0034]多孔質物品は、上記記載のポリエチレンポリマー粉末を、部分的又は完全に限定された空間、例えば成形型中に導入し、成形粉末を、ポリエチレン粉末を軟化させ、膨張させ、互いに接触させるのに十分な熱にかけることを含む自由焼結プロセスによって形成することができる。好適なプロセスとしては、圧縮成形及びキャスティングが挙げられる。成形型は、鋼材、アルミニウム、又は他の金属で構成することができる。成形プロセスにおいて用いるポリエチレンポリマー粉末は、一般に、反応器直後のグレード(粉末が成形型中に導入される前に篩別又は粉砕にかけられないことを意味する)である。勿論、上記で議論した添加剤を粉末と混合することができる。
[0039]本ポリエチレン粉末から製造される多孔質焼結物品の特性は、それらを広範囲の用途において有用にする。特に、それらの高い可撓性のために、水及び空気フィルターとして用いるために管状に湾曲させることができる薄い多孔質シートを製造することができる。
[0042]懸濁媒体として140℃〜170℃の沸点範囲を有する飽和炭化水素の混合物(Exxsol D30)を用いて、単一工程の連続プロセスでエチレンの重合を行った。懸濁媒体は、使用前に精製して触媒毒を除去した。重合を、40Lの反応器内において、65〜75℃の反応温度及び0.2MPa〜0.4MPaの範囲のエチレン分圧で行った。
[0044]重合実施例1の未ブレンドのポリエチレン粉末、及び表1に列記した他の材料から多孔質生成物を製造した。それぞれの場合において、多孔質生成物は、ポリエチレン粉末を成形型中に導入し、次にポリエチレン粒子を軟化させ、膨張させ、互いに接触させるのに十分な熱にかける自由焼結プロセスによって製造した。成形型を対流オーブン内で220℃の焼結温度に加熱してポリマー粒子を焼結した。加熱時間は30分間であった。得られた生成物の物理特性を試験し、結果を表2に示す。
Claims (10)
- ASTM−4020によって測定して3,000,000g/モル乃至4,000,000g/モル未満の範囲の分子量、及び0.10〜0.20g/cm3の嵩密度を有するポリエチレン粉末。
- ASTM−4020によって測定して3,100,000g/モル〜3,700,000g/モルの範囲の分子量を有する、請求項1に記載の粉末。
- 0.15〜0.20g/cm3の嵩密度を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の粉末。
- 60〜200μmの間の平均粒径(D50)を有する、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の粉末。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のポリエチレン粉末を焼結することによって製造され、70%より大きい多孔度、及び少なくとも90MPaの弾性率を有する多孔質物品。
- 75%より大きい多孔度を有する、請求項5に記載の多孔質物品。
- 少なくとも100MPaの弾性率を有する、請求項5又は6に記載の多孔質物品。
- 10mbar未満の圧力降下を有する、請求項5〜7のいずれかに記載の多孔質物品。
- 50〜75μmの平均細孔径を有する、請求項5〜8のいずれかに記載の多孔質物品。
- 焼結を140℃〜300℃の間の温度において25〜100分の時間行う、請求項5〜9のいずれかに記載の多孔質物品。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201161473286P | 2011-04-08 | 2011-04-08 | |
US61/473,286 | 2011-04-08 | ||
PCT/US2012/032515 WO2012138995A2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2012-04-06 | Polyethylene powders and porous articles made therefrom |
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JP2014514403A true JP2014514403A (ja) | 2014-06-19 |
JP6100753B2 JP6100753B2 (ja) | 2017-03-22 |
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US (1) | US20140004339A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2694575A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6100753B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20140012121A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103459477A (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112013025909A2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012138995A2 (ja) |
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CN107075018B (zh) * | 2014-09-30 | 2020-08-11 | 博里利斯股份公司 | 用于聚合超高分子量聚乙烯的方法 |
DE102016207398B3 (de) * | 2015-09-09 | 2016-08-18 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Maschinenanordnung zum sequentiellen Bearbeiten mehrerer bogenförmiger jeweils eine Vorderseite und eine Rückseite aufweisender Substrate |
EP3489265A4 (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2020-04-22 | Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science | Ultra-high molecular weight, ultra-fine particle size polyethylene, preparation method therefor and use thereof |
CN106432877A (zh) * | 2016-10-08 | 2017-02-22 | 吴江市远大聚合材料贸易有限公司 | 一种塑料泡沫材料及其制备方法 |
CN111051405A (zh) * | 2017-09-01 | 2020-04-21 | 塞拉尼斯销售德国有限公司 | 具有改进的挠曲强度的烧结且多孔的制品 |
EP3929220A4 (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2022-04-27 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | POLYETHYLENE POWDER |
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US20040110853A1 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2004-06-10 | Wang Louis Chun | Process for preparing molded porous articles and the porous articles prepared therefrom |
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JP5455798B2 (ja) * | 2009-07-16 | 2014-03-26 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像処理装置 |
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US8722819B2 (en) * | 2010-07-06 | 2014-05-13 | Ticona Gmbh | Process for producing high molecular weight polyethylene |
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- 2012-04-06 CN CN2012800161214A patent/CN103459477A/zh active Pending
- 2012-04-06 EP EP12716875.5A patent/EP2694575A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-04-06 WO PCT/US2012/032515 patent/WO2012138995A2/en active Application Filing
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JP2004202326A (ja) * | 2002-12-24 | 2004-07-22 | Nittetsu Mining Co Ltd | フィルタエレメント及びその製造方法 |
WO2009127410A1 (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2009-10-22 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Process for the production of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene |
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JP6100753B2 (ja) | 2017-03-22 |
BR112013025909A2 (pt) | 2016-12-20 |
US20140004339A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
WO2012138995A3 (en) | 2013-01-17 |
EP2694575A2 (en) | 2014-02-12 |
CN103459477A (zh) | 2013-12-18 |
WO2012138995A2 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
KR20140012121A (ko) | 2014-01-29 |
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