JP2014054122A - Dynamo-electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compact dynamo-electric machine in which the efficiency is enhanced by utilizing the magnetic flux of a permanent magnet for a field system effectively.SOLUTION: A dynamo-electric machine includes a commutator 2 attached to a rotor shaft 1, an armature coil 4 rotatable integrally with the rotor shaft 1, and wound around the rectangular axial cross-section of the rotor shaft 1 with no gap in the circumferential direction with both ends being connected to the commutator 2, and a magnetic flux action part where a first permanent magnet 11 having a magnetic flux action surface located on the inner circumferential side of the armature coil 4, and a second permanent magnet 12 having a magnetic flux action surface located on the outer circumferential side of the coil while holding the coil wire therebetween, are disposed to face each other.

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine used for, for example, an electric motor, a generator, and the like.

  Various types of small and efficient electric motors have been developed and proposed. Among them, a coreless motor, which is a resin-molded rotor in which a fan-shaped armature coil is arranged flatly on a disk provided on the rotor shaft as a rotor, and a fixed housing for housing the rotor There has been proposed a three-phase DC motor in which a permanent magnet is arranged opposite to an armature coil in a child case. (See Patent Document 1).

JP-A-5-168210

  In the rotor described above, since the armature coil formed in a fan shape is molded on the rotating plate and molded, the number of turns of the coil formed flat cannot be gained, and the stator side case Since the coil wire does not cross the magnetic flux generated from the field permanent magnets arranged opposite to each other, that is, there is an invalid wiring portion in which the rotational torque does not act (the magnetic force line and the conductor do not interlink), the efficiency is poor. Therefore, there is a risk that wasteful power is consumed.

  The present invention has been made to solve these problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a rotating electrical machine that effectively utilizes the magnetic flux of a permanent magnet for a field, is small, and has improved efficiency. There is.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is characterized by having the following configuration.
A commutator integrally assembled with the rotor shaft, and can rotate integrally with the rotor shaft, and both ends of the commutator are connected to each other so as to circulate in a rectangular shape in the axial direction of the rotor shaft. An armature coil that is wound and disposed without any gap in the circumferential direction, a first permanent magnet that has a magnetic flux acting surface disposed inside the coil of the armature coil, and a magnetic flux acting surface that is disposed outside the coil across the coil wire A magnetic flux acting portion disposed opposite to the second permanent magnet, wherein the first permanent magnet is rotatably supported with respect to the rotor shaft, and the second permanent magnet is a case. It is characterized by being fixed facing the inner wall.

  According to the above configuration, the armature coil that is wound around the axial cross-section of the rotor shaft in the rectangular shape includes the first permanent magnet disposed inside the coil and the second permanent magnet disposed outside the coil. Since the coil wire passes between the first and second permanent magnets, the length of the coil wire facing the first and second permanent magnets is increased to increase the interlinkage magnetic flux, and the coil wire not interlinked with the magnetic flux is made as much as possible. By making the coil length short, the magnetic flux generated from the field permanent magnet is effectively utilized, and a high rotational torque is obtained in the motor, and a high induced electromotive force is generated in the generator. And is expected to increase efficiency.

The armature coil is preferably wound around the corelessly in the radial direction using the outer surfaces of a pair of insulating plates provided in the axial direction with respect to the rotor shaft as a guide.
Since the armature coil is wound around in a coreless manner, the outer surfaces of the pair of insulating plates can be easily wound as guides, and the shape retention as a rotor can be improved.

The first permanent magnet is attracted and fixed to a magnetic plate supported so as to be rotatable with respect to the rotor shaft such that the same poles face each other, and the second permanent magnets have different polar surfaces in the axial direction. The first permanent magnet is provided so as to be opposed to each other via a coil wire, or is supported so as to be rotatable with respect to the rotor shaft, and is radially with respect to the second permanent magnet. It is desirable that the different polar surfaces are arranged to face each other via a coil wire.
As a result, the first permanent magnet is arranged in a hollow portion surrounded by the coil wire, and the second permanent magnet facing through the coil wire is arranged as close as possible, so that the rotation is small, flat or small in diameter. An electric machine can be provided.

  If the above-described rotating electrical machine is used, it is possible to provide a rotating electrical machine that can effectively use the magnetic flux of the field permanent magnet, is small in size, can obtain high rotational torque, and can improve efficiency.

It is sectional drawing of the rotary electric machine which concerns on a 1st Example. It is explanatory drawing which shows the operating principle of a rotary electric machine. It is explanatory drawing of the 1st permanent magnet assembled | attached to the rotor axis | shaft. It is explanatory drawing which shows the positional relationship of a coil | winding and a commutator. It is the top view and front view of an armature coil wound around a pair of insulating plates. It is sectional drawing and the top view of the rotary electric machine which concern on a 2nd Example.

  Hereinafter, an example of a rotating electrical machine according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the rotating electric machine refers to a configuration that can be used both as an electric motor and a generator.

[First Example]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a rotating electrical machine.
A commutator 2 to which an armature coil 4 described later is connected is assembled to one end of the rotor shaft 1. The brush 3 is slidably in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the commutator 2.
The armature coil 4 is rotatable integrally with the rotor shaft 1, and both ends of the armature coil 4 are connected to the commutator 2, and are wound around the axial cross section of the rotor shaft 1. It is arranged without. A pair of insulating plates 5 are sandwiched between the stopper 1a and the spacer 1b and fixed to the rotor shaft 1 in the axial direction. As the insulating plate 5, for example, a disc-shaped bakelite plate or a plastic plate is preferably used. The pair of insulating plates 5 rotate integrally with the rotor shaft 1.

  The armature coil 4 is wound around the corelessly in the radial direction using the outer surface of the insulating plate 5 as a guide. Fig.5 (a) is the top view which looked at the rotor 6 from the axial direction. The armature coil 4 is wound in three phases, and is wound in the order of A → a, B → b, C → c, D → d, E → e, and F → f in the radial direction. As shown in FIG. 5B, the armature coil 4 is wound at a high density in the circumferential direction of the rotor 6. Since the armature coil 4 is wound around in a coreless manner, the outer surface of the insulating plate 5 can be easily wound as a guide, and the shape retention as the rotor 6 can be improved.

  The rotor shaft 1 is rotatably supported by a pair of bearings 8 provided in the case 7. The case 7 is made of a magnetic material and also serves as a back yoke.

Next, the structure of a magnetic flux action part is demonstrated.
In FIG. 1, a magnet fixing plate 9 (magnetic plate) is rotatably supported via a bearing 10 between a pair of insulating plates 5 fixed to the rotor shaft 1. That is, the magnet fixing plate 9 is provided on the inner peripheral side of the armature coil 4. A flat plate-shaped first permanent magnet 11 is attracted and fixed to the magnet fixing plate 9 with the magnetic flux acting surface (magnetic pole surface) directed in the axial direction. The first permanent magnet 11 is magnetized so as to have N and S poles in the plate thickness direction (parallel to the axial direction). The first permanent magnet 11 is attracted and fixed on both surfaces of the magnet fixing plate 9 so that the same poles face each other. For example, in FIG. 1, the upper side is pasted so that the N poles face each other and the lower side faces the S poles. The N pole and the S pole may be interchanged. In addition, flat second permanent magnets 12 are arranged opposite to each other on the outer peripheral side of the coil across the first permanent magnet 11 and the coil wires 4a and 4f and the coil wires 4c and 4d. The second permanent magnet 12 is magnetically attracted and fixed to the inner wall of the case 7 serving as a back yoke, and is disposed so as to face the magnetic flux acting surface (magnetic pole surface) in a direction parallel to the axial direction. The first permanent magnets 11 having magnetic poles different from the magnetic poles of the second permanent magnets 12 are magnetically attracted and arranged to face each other.
In this way, the first permanent magnet 11 is attracted and fixed so that the same poles face each other on the magnet fixing plate 9 disposed in the hollow portion surrounded by the coil wire, and the opposing second permanent magnet 12 is moved in the axial direction. By arranging them close to each other, a small and flat rotating electrical machine can be provided.

  3A and 3B illustrate the shape of the first permanent magnet 11 (second permanent magnet 12). The first permanent magnet 11 (second permanent magnet 12) is attracted and fixed to both surfaces of a pair of fan-shaped magnet fixing plates 9, respectively. When one magnetic pole of the first permanent magnet 11 is an S pole, the other is an N pole. In FIG. 3B, the first permanent magnet 11 stops at a position where it is attracted to the magnetic pole of the second permanent magnet 12 because the magnet fixing plate 9 is rotatable with respect to the rotor shaft 1 via the bearing 10. It is like that.

  In FIG. 4, the arrangement | positioning with the electricity supply to the armature coil 4 and a commutator is shown. As an example, the armature coil 4 has a U phase (for example, a coil A → a, a coil B → b), a V phase (for example, a coil C → c, a coil D → d), and a W phase (for example, a coil E → e, a coil F → f). ) According to the angle range of 120 °. The brush 3 faces and abuts against the commutator 2 at a position where the phase is different by 180 °.

Here, the operation principle of the rotating electrical machine will be described with reference to FIG. As an example, the case where the rotating electrical machine of FIG. 1 operates as an electric motor will be described.
FIG. 2 illustrates the case where the armature coil 4 is energized through the brush 3 and the commutator 2. At this time, it is assumed that a direction current I shown by an arrow in the drawing flows around the coil wire 4a, the coil wire 4b, the coil wire 4c, the coil wire 4d, the coil wire 4e, and the coil wire 4f. Further, it is assumed that a magnetic field H as shown in the figure is generated between the magnetic poles of the first permanent magnet 11 and the second permanent magnet 12 facing each other across the coil wire.

At this time, according to Fleming's left-hand rule, the electromagnetic force indicated by the arrow F in the figure acts on the coil wire 4a, the coil wire 4c, the coil wire 4d, and the coil wire 4f, and the rotor including the armature coil 4 is illustrated. Rotate in the direction of the arrow (clockwise).
The coil wire 4b and the coil wire 4e do not necessarily obtain an interlinkage magnetic flux. However, since the length is sufficiently shorter than that of the coil wire, the efficiency is not greatly reduced.
In this way, by energizing the armature coils 4 for three phases with a predetermined phase difference, the rotor 6 including the armature coils 4 is urged in the rotation direction to rotate.
In the case of a generator, when the rotor 6 is rotated, induced electromotive force is generated in the coil wire 4a, the coil wire 4c, the coil wire 4d, and the coil wire 4f according to Fleming's right-hand rule, and the commutator 2, brush 3 can be taken out.

Thus, since there is no core in the rotor 6 of an electric motor, an iron loss can be reduced and the efficiency of an electric motor can be improved.
According to the experiment, when the armature coil 4 is wound by 201T (turns) using a copper wire of φ0.2 mm, a load of about 60 W can be rotated when a current of 0.6 A is passed at 100 VDC. Is known.

[Example 2]
Next, another example of the rotating electrical machine will be described with reference to FIG.
The same members as those in the rotating electric machine of FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description will be referred to.
In FIG. 6A, the coil shape of the armature coil 4 constituting the rotor 6 is long in the axial direction of the rotor shaft 1 and short in the radial direction. The armature coil 4 is wound along a pair of insulating plates 5 fixed to the rotor shaft 1 as in FIG. In FIG. 6B, the armature coil 4 is wound for two phases.

  Moreover, the 1st permanent magnet 11 and the 2nd permanent magnet 12 which are opposingly arranged inside and outside a coil wire are formed in circular arc shape instead of flat form. The first permanent magnet 11 is rotatably supported on both sides in the axial direction via a pair of bearings 13 fitted to the rotor shaft 1. The magnetization direction of the first permanent magnet 11 is the radial direction, and the magnetization direction of the second permanent magnet 12 disposed so as to oppose the coil wire is also the radial direction. The second permanent magnet 12 is the same in that the case 7 is attracted and held on the inner wall.

  When the magnetic pole of one opposing surface of the first permanent magnet 11 is an S pole, the other opposing surface is an N pole. Further, since the first permanent magnet 11 is rotatable with respect to the rotor shaft 1 via the bearing 13, the first permanent magnet 11 is stopped at a position where it is attracted to the magnetic pole of the opposing second permanent magnet 12. It is.

  FIG. 6B shows an operation when the rotating electrical machine is used as an electric motor. The case where it supplies with electricity to the armature coil 4 through the brush 3 and the commutator 2 is illustrated. At this time, it is assumed that the current I flows around the coil wire 4f, the coil wire 4e, the coil wire 4d, the coil wire 4c, the coil wire 4b, and the coil wire 4a in FIG. Further, it is assumed that a magnetic field H as shown in the figure is generated between the magnetic poles of the first permanent magnet 11 and the second permanent magnet 12 facing each other across the coil wire. At this time, according to Fleming's left-hand rule, the electromagnetic force indicated by the arrow F in the figure is generated in the coil wire 4b and the coil wire 4e, and the rotor including the armature coil 4 moves in the arrow direction (counterclockwise direction) in the figure. Rotate to.

  According to the said structure, the 1st permanent magnet 11 is arrange | positioned in the hollow part enclosed by the coil wire, and it is small by arrange | positioning the 2nd permanent magnet 12 which opposes via a coil wire as close as possible. A small-diameter rotating electrical machine can be provided.

In the case of a generator, when the rotor 6 is rotated, an induced electromotive force is generated in the coil wire 4b and the coil wire 4e according to Fleming's right-hand rule and can be taken out through the commutator 2 and the brush 3.
Moreover, the 1st permanent magnet 11 and the 2nd permanent magnet 12 mentioned above may use a ferrite magnet, and may use a neodymium bond magnet, a neodymium sintered magnet, etc.

  As described above, in the present invention, the armature coil 4 wound around the axial cross section of the rotor shaft 1 is wound around the first permanent magnet 11 disposed inside the coil, and disposed outside the coil. Since the coil wire passes between the second permanent magnet 12 and the first permanent magnet 11, 12, the length of the coil wire facing the first permanent magnet 11 is increased to increase the interlinkage magnetic flux. By shortening the coil wires that are not interlinked as much as possible, the coil wire length that becomes ineffective is short, and the magnetic flux generated from the permanent magnet for the field is effectively utilized, and a high rotational torque can be obtained in the motor. In the generator, a high induced electromotive force is obtained, and it is expected to increase the efficiency.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotor shaft 1a Stopper 1b Spacer 2 Commutator 3 Brush 4 Armature coil 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f Coil wire 5 Insulating plate 6 Rotor 7 Case 8, 10, 13 Bearing 9 Magnet fixed plate 11 1st 1 permanent magnet 12 2nd permanent magnet H magnitude of magnetic field I current F electromagnetic force

Claims (4)

A commutator integrally assembled with the rotor shaft;
An armature that is rotatable integrally with the rotor shaft, is connected to the commutator at both ends, is wound around the axial cross-section of the rotor shaft, and is disposed without gaps in the circumferential direction. Coils,
A magnetic flux acting part in which a first permanent magnet having a magnetic flux acting surface disposed on the inner side of the armature coil and a second permanent magnet having a magnetic flux acting surface disposed on the outer side of the coil across the coil wire; , And
The rotating electric machine is characterized in that the first permanent magnet is rotatably supported with respect to the rotor shaft, and the second permanent magnet is fixed to face the inner wall of the case.   2. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the armature coil is wound in a rectangular shape without a core using outer surfaces of a pair of insulating plates provided in an axial direction with respect to the rotor shaft as a guide.   The first permanent magnet is attracted and fixed to a magnetic plate supported so as to be rotatable with respect to the rotor shaft such that the same poles face each other, and the second permanent magnets have different polar surfaces in the axial direction. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotating electrical machine is disposed so as to face each other via a coil wire.   The first permanent magnet is supported so as to be rotatable with respect to the rotor shaft, and different polar surfaces are arranged opposite to each other via a coil wire in the radial direction with respect to the second permanent magnet. Or the rotary electric machine of Claim 2.

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