JP2014057502A - Power generating device suppressing cogging force - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power generating device suppressing a cogging force.SOLUTION: A power generating device comprises: a rotor having one or more of coils arranged with a coil axis direction matching with a circumferential direction along the outer periphery of a disc-like non-magnetic substance; and a stator having a ring-shaped magnet-fitted member having one or more of openings arranged in the periphery of the rotor with a magnetization direction matching with the coil axis direction of the coils. The rotor is rotated against the stator, and the coil passes through the ring-shaped magnet-fitted member having the opening, thereby generating power in the coils.

Description

  The present invention relates to a power generation device, and more particularly to a power generation device that generates power by electromagnetic induction.

  A small portable generator is an example of a conventional generator. As an example, an emergency flashlight is a vibration generator that charges a capacitor by generating a current by electromagnetic induction by vibrating a magnet in a coil as shown in FIG. This is because the magnetic field lines of the magnet cross almost perpendicular to the coil winding direction, so the power generation amount per operation is high, but the speed of crossing the coil is low because the magnet reciprocates linearly, and the high voltage I can't hope. (See Patent Document 1)

  As another example of a conventional generator, a generator used for wind power generation as shown in FIG. 3 rotates so that the magnet crosses the opening surface of the coil, and there is no line of magnetic force in the coil. In order to increase the magnetic flux density, iron having a high magnetic permeability is used as the iron core. By densely arranging the rotary motion and the coil and magnet, the time for the magnet to pass through the coil is shortened and the voltage is increased. However, at the same time, cogging force is generated by attracting the magnet and the iron core, resulting in energy loss. (See Patent Document 2)

Patent Publication H11-262234 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-173415

  In a conventional generator, a generator with a high power generation amount per operation like the vibration generator has a long time per operation, and a generator with a short time per operation like the rotary generator. Although the voltage is high, energy loss of cogging force occurs. A generator with high power generation per operation and low cogging power is desired.

  In power generation, according to Fleming's right-hand rule, current flows in the conductor when the conductor moves perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. The direction of the magnetic field, the direction of motion, and the direction of current are perpendicular to each other. Therefore, the power generation efficiency is best when the moving direction of the magnet, the direction of the lines of magnetic force, and the winding direction of the coil are perpendicular to each other. The present invention pays attention to the advantages of the two conventional power generation methods, increases the amount of power generation by making the magnetic field lines of the magnet cross substantially perpendicular to the winding direction of the coil and shortening the time for passing through the coil. This is a generator that reduces the influence of the iron core and suppresses the cogging force.

  In general, it is already known that the induced electromotive force V generated in the coil is obtained by the following Equation 1.

Formula 1

V = −n (dφ / dt) = − nS (dB / dt)
In the above formula, n is the number of turns of the coil (turns), φ is the magnetic flux (Wb), S is the coil cross-sectional area (m ² ), B is the magnetic flux density (T), and t is the time (s). . This n · S is a value determined by the material conditions, and a better state can be obtained by means. These are proportional to the electromotive force, but the time is inversely proportional. Therefore, a good result can be obtained by setting the amount of power generation per operation as a favorable condition and reducing the displacement time.

  Describing claim 1, as a configuration in which the magnetic field lines of the magnet cross substantially perpendicular to the winding direction of the coil and no iron core is required, the magnet passes through the coil as in the aforementioned vibration generator. Things are good. In order to quickly move the magnet in the coil, the magnet may be rotated about a certain axis, but as shown in FIG. 4, the arm holding the magnet hits the coil. Since it is difficult to provide the coil with a gap through which the arm passes, the arrangement is reversed so that the ring magnet passes through the outer periphery of the coil as shown in FIG. To be. As shown in FIG. 6, the coil is provided with a coil holding portion, and an opening is formed by slitting the gap passing through the ring magnet. This utilizes magnetic lines of force emanating from the north pole of the ring-shaped magnet and entering the south pole through the inside of the ring so as to be substantially perpendicular to the winding of the coil.

  In addition, in order to use the magnetic lines of force inside the ring-shaped magnet, there must be sufficient magnetic lines of force inside. When the thickness is thin as shown in FIG. 7A, the magnetic poles are sufficiently obtained because the different poles are close to each other. However, when the thickness is thick as shown in FIG. There are few. Therefore, the thickness of the ring-shaped magnet is 1/10 or less of the circumference of the coil rotation diameter indicated in FIG.

  On the other hand, the positional relationship between the ring-shaped magnet and the coil in power generation is as shown in FIG. 8, and the maximum voltage is obtained when the center of the ring-shaped magnet comes to the end face of the coil while the ring-shaped magnet passes through the coil. When the center of the magnet and the coil overlap, the voltage is almost zero. When the ring magnet moves further and the center of the ring magnet comes to the other end face of the coil, the maximum voltage is negatively reached. On the other hand, if the length of the coil is thicker than that of the ring-shaped magnet, a part of the coil enters the reverse polarity magnetic flux region to generate a reverse voltage and lower the overall voltage. And time for a ring-shaped magnet to pass a coil will become long. It is better to disperse many short coils than using long coils. Therefore, in this configuration, the length of the coil is not more than 1.5 times the thickness of the ring magnet.

    When the slit processing is performed on the single ring-shaped magnet, self-destruction may occur due to the balance between the magnetizing force and the strength of the material, and the magnetic force may be lost. As a solution to this problem, as shown in FIG. 9A, a non-magnetic holder 32 that has been dug into which half the thickness of the ring-shaped magnet 31 fits is sandwiched from both sides of the ring-shaped magnet 31 and bonded, and then the coil holding portion is The gap that passes through is slit.

  The third aspect of the present invention can efficiently increase the density of the lines of magnetic force by making the same polarity of the ring-shaped magnets face each other. The lines of magnetic force emitted from the poles facing each other are generated without crossing and heading toward their own different poles. The smaller the facing distance, the higher the density of magnetic lines of force, contributing to an increase in power generation. Moreover, compared with the conventional rotary generator, the magnets can be arranged more densely. As shown in FIG. 10, as an example, a magnet having a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 5 mm is arranged horizontally as shown in FIG. 10A and arranged vertically as shown in FIG. 10B as in the present invention. In comparison with the case, the vertical arrangement increases and there is an advantage of the arrangement configuration. The fact that a large number of magnets can be arranged makes it possible to shorten the time for the magnets to pass through the coil, resulting in an increase in output. In this configuration, the length of the coil is set to be equal to or less than the mounting pitch of the ring-shaped magnet.

  As for the fourth aspect, as a means for enhancing the inner lines of magnetic force, a structure in which a ferromagnetic material 33 having coil passage holes is provided on both sides of the ring-shaped magnet 31 as shown in FIG. . The magnetic lines of force emitted from the magnet pass through the inside of a ferromagnetic material such as iron, exit into the air in a direction perpendicular to the curved surface shape of the surface, and go to the nearest different pole while receiving the stress of the surrounding magnetic field lines. The magnetic field lines of the ring-shaped magnet are normally directed from the north pole to the south pole in a balanced state while exerting stress on each other, but a spherical curved surface with the center located outside on the center line of the ring-shaped magnet on the surface It is possible to increase the lines of magnetic force that wrap around inwardly by attaching a ferromagnetic material that is concave in shape or spheroid shape. The manufacturing method is the same as in the example shown in FIG. 9, and the structure is such that both sides of the ring-shaped magnet 31 are sandwiched by the ferromagnetic material 33. After the above-described curved surface processing of ferromagnetic iron or the like with an NC lathe, the gap through which the coil holding plate passes is machined, the ring-shaped magnet 31 is sandwiched and bonded, and then the ring-shaped magnet 31 is slit to provide an opening. Compared with the non-magnetic material reinforced, the size can be reduced, and since the ferromagnetic material 33 is bonded to both sides of the ring-shaped magnet 31, self-destruction caused by the same-pole exclusion force can be prevented. Even if a plate with a flat surface is used, the effect of concentrating the lines of magnetic force is diminished, but it is possible to reduce the size and prevent self-destruction caused by the same-pole exclusion force.

  In the fifth aspect, since the ring-shaped magnet and the coil rotate with respect to each other, if they are linear in the circumferential direction, it is necessary to increase the gap between them in order to avoid interference due to rotation. As an improvement, by providing a bend corresponding to the radius of rotation on the magnetic axis of the ring magnet and the coil axis of the coil, the gap can be reduced, leading to improved performance.

  Describing the sixth aspect, if the outer shape of the ring-shaped magnet and the coil is linear, the space is wasted due to the difference between the inner diameter and the outer diameter. As an improvement, by making the outer shape into a fan shape on the plane in the direction of the rotation axis, a useless space can be reduced, leading to compactness.

  Describing claim 7, examples of the ring-shaped magnetic member include a ferrite magnet, a neodymium magnet, and a samarium cobalt magnet. However, since the coercive force is almost constant, the output is controlled by the rotation of the rotor. It depends on the number. If an electromagnet is used instead, the magnetic force can be increased or decreased, and the output of the generator can be easily controlled. As shown in FIG. 12 (b), a plurality of electromagnets 34 wound around an iron core are covered with a cover 36, and the electromagnet unit 37 assembled as shown in FIG. Used instead of a magnet. The field current is obtained from an external power source and supplied to each electromagnet. When the strength of the field current is changed, the strength of the electromagnet is changed, and the voltage can be controlled.

  In the eighth aspect, the output can be increased by interlocking a plurality of the above-described units in the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor.

  A ninth aspect of the present invention provides a ferromagnetic core on the central axis of the coil as means for effectively guiding the magnetic field lines of the ring magnet to the coil. The core specifications are determined by the balance between the amount of power generated and the cogging torque generation status.

Effect of the invention

  By adopting a structure in which the magnetic field lines of the magnet cross almost perpendicularly to the coil winding direction, the influence of the iron core can be reduced and the cogging force can be suppressed.

(A) The perspective view of the typical example of this invention is shown. (B) A sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. The cross section of the conventional vibration generator is shown. The conventional permanent magnet type electric motor and the schematic diagram of a cross section are shown. Problems in the conventional configuration will be described. The image of this invention is shown. 1 shows a basic configuration of the present invention. (A) The magnetic force line image figure of a thin ring-shaped magnet is shown. (B) The magnetic force line image figure of a thick ring-shaped magnet is shown. The relationship between the position of a coil and a ring-shaped magnet and a voltage is shown. (A) The combination figure of reinforcement of a ring-shaped magnet is shown. (B) The bottom view after the combination process of reinforcement of a ring-shaped magnet is shown. (A) An example in which magnets are arranged sideways is shown. (B) An example in which magnets are arranged vertically is shown. (A) The perspective view of the composite of a ring-shaped magnet and a ferromagnetic material is shown. (B) Sectional drawing of AA in Fig.11 (a) is shown. (A) The combination figure of an electromagnet unit is shown. (B) A detailed view of the electromagnet unit is shown. (A) The perspective view of Example 1 is shown. (B) A sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. The perspective view of the rotor of Example 1 is shown. The assembly specification of Example 1 is shown. Sectional drawing of Example 2 is shown. The positional relationship of the coil of Example 3 and a ring-shaped magnet is shown. The composite of the ring-shaped magnet of Example 4 and a ferromagnetic material is shown. (A) The perspective view of the coil of Example 5 is shown. (B) Sectional drawing of the coil and ring-shaped magnet of Example 5 is shown. (A) A part of top view of Example 6 is shown. (B) The perspective view of the fan-shaped ring-shaped magnet of Example 6 is shown. (C) The detail figure of the fan-shaped ring-shaped magnet of Example 6 is shown. (A) The combination figure of the electromagnet unit of Example 7 is shown. (B) The detailed drawing of the electromagnet unit of Example 7 is shown. (C) A sectional view of Example 7 is shown. The usage example of Example 8 is shown. Sectional drawing of Example 9 is shown.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to specific examples of the drawings.

The embodiment of claim 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 13B. Reference numeral 1 denotes a rotor mounted on a rotating shaft, 2 and 3 a pair of side plates each having a bearing, and 4 and 5 a ring-shaped magnet 31. Positioning for supporting the support material 19, 6 is a frame plate for connecting the side plates 2 and 3 and fixing the support material 19 for the ring-shaped magnet 31, 7 is a contact plate, 8 is a brush, 9 is a terminal, and 11 is a conductor.
The rotor 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 14 so that the axis of the coil 20 is aligned with the circumferential direction of the rotor 1. In this example, a coil shaft 21 is provided on the coil 20, a groove is formed in the rotor 1, and the groove is fitted thereto. The mounting interval and wiring are determined by the phase of the voltage to be generated. A contact plate 7 is attached around the rotating shaft and is electrically connected by the coil 20 and the conductive wire 11.
The attachment will be described with reference to FIG. After the side plate 2 with the positioning 4, the brush 8 and the terminal 9 attached in advance is attached to the rotating shaft, the rotor 1 is inserted into the rotating shaft, and the side plate 3 with the positioning 5, the brush 8 and the terminal 9 attached in advance is attached to the rotating shaft. . At this time, the rotor 1 is in a state of being able to rotate around the rotation axis with respect to the side plate 2 and the side plate 3. In the positioning 4 and the positioning 5, a groove 22 into which the support member 19 including the ring-shaped magnet 31 can be inserted is processed. The support member 19 assists because the position of the ring-shaped magnet 31 is difficult to determine. The support member 19 is inserted along the groove 22 and fixed by the frame plate 6. Similarly, the support member 19 including the ring-shaped magnet 31 is inserted and fixed. In the case where the different polarities are mounted so as to face each other, it is necessary to take a distance so as not to attract the latest different polarities.
Therefore, in FIG. 13B, the rotor 1 rotates around the rotation axis, and when the coil 20 passes the ring-shaped magnet 31, the magnetic line of force crosses to generate a voltage in the coil and passes through the conductor 11 to the contact plate 7. The current is taken out from the terminal 9 through the brush 8.

  The embodiment of claim 2 will be described with reference to FIG. 16. A ring-shaped magnet 31 reinforced with a non-magnetic holder 32 is used.

  The embodiment of claim 3 will be described with reference to FIG. 17. FIG. 17 specifically describes the ring-shaped magnet and coil of the first embodiment. The ring-shaped magnet 31 is mounted with the same poles facing each other, and the rotor coil 20 is arranged and connected according to the phase of the obtained voltage. Since the same poles are opposed to each other, the density of magnetic lines of force can be increased and the output can be increased. In the illustrated example, 48 ring magnets and 36 coils generate a three-phase leveled voltage.

  Referring to FIG. 18 in the embodiment of claim 4, FIG. 18 shows a simplified portion of the stator of the first embodiment. The ring-shaped magnet 31 is sandwiched between the ferromagnetic bodies 33. The ferromagnetic body is made of iron or the like, and the surface thereof has a spherical curved surface shape or a spheroid to collect magnetic lines of force in the central hole. The shape is given. As the inner magnetic flux density increases, the stator becomes compact.

  The embodiment of claim 5 will be described with reference to FIG. 19. In FIG. 19 (a), a coil 20 is formed by winding a copper wire in an annular shape having the same diameter as the coil rotation diameter in FIG. 13 (b). The outer shape has a curvature similar to the coil rotation diameter, and the same treatment is applied to the ring-shaped magnet 31 as shown in FIG. 19B, whereby the gap between the coil and the ring-shaped magnet can be reduced, and the performance is improved.

  Referring to FIG. 20 in the embodiment of claim 6, FIG. 20 (b) shows a simplified portion of the stator of the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 20B, the fan-shaped ring magnet 41 is sandwiched between the fan-shaped plates 42 from both sides. In FIG. 20 (c), the ring-shaped magnet is processed into a fan shape as shown in FIG. 20 (a), and then the fan-shaped plate 42 is bonded from both sides and slitted to provide an opening. The coil is also fan-shaped as shown in FIG. The circumferential direction has a curvature similar to the coil rotation diameter as described in the fifth embodiment, but may be a straight line depending on conditions. Space can be used in the circumferential direction without waste, leading to compactness.

  In the embodiment of claim 7, referring to FIG. 21, FIGS. 21 (a) and 21 (b) show a simplified portion of the stator of the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 21 (b), a plurality of electromagnets 34 wound on an iron core are covered with a cover 36, and the electromagnet unit 37 assembled as shown in FIG. Used instead of a magnet. As shown in FIG. 21C, the field current is received from the external power supply at the input terminal 38 and is supplied to each electromagnet. When the strength of the field current is changed, the strength of the electromagnet is changed, and the voltage can be controlled.

  Referring to FIG. 22 in the embodiment of claim 8, FIG. 22 connects five units of the present invention in succession to increase the power generation amount.

  Referring to FIG. 23 in the embodiment of claim 9, the core 39 is inserted in the central axis of the coil 20. As a means for effectively guiding the magnetic field lines of the ring-shaped magnet 31 to the coil 20, a ferromagnetic core 39 may be provided in the coil 20. The specification of the core 39 is determined by the balance between the power generation amount and the cogging torque generation status. The rotor 1 rotates and the ring magnet 31 passes through the coil 20 to generate power.

  Electric energy is widely used in society because it is more efficient and easier to transmit than other energies, and the present invention efficiently generates that electricity, such as new energy such as wind power generation and existing power plants. It has the potential to be used in a wide range of industrial fields such as fossil fuel savings and high efficiency generators for hybrid vehicles.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotor 2, 3 Side plate 4, 5 Positioning 6 Frame plate 7 Contact plate 8 Brush 9 Terminal 11 Conductor 20 Coil 21 Coil shaft 22 Groove 31 Ring-shaped magnet 32 Holder 33 Shaped ferromagnetic material 34 Electromagnet 35 Plate 36 Cover 37 Electromagnet Unit 38 Input terminal 39 Core 40 Fan coil 41 Fan ring magnet 42 Fan plate

Claims (9)

  A rotor having at least one coil arranged in the circumferential direction along the outer circumference of the disk-shaped non-magnetic material, and magnetized in the coil axis direction of the coil around the rotor A stator having a ring-like magnetic member having at least one opening arranged in a direction, the rotor rotating with respect to the stator, and the coil of the opening An apparatus for causing the coil to generate electric power by passing through a ring-shaped magnetic member.   A power generation device in which a ring-like magnetized member of the opening is reinforced with a non-magnetic member.   The power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein a ring-shaped magnetic member having the opening is disposed opposite to the same pole.   A spherical curved surface shape or a spheroid shape in which both sides of the ring-shaped magnetic member having the opening are arranged on the outer surface on the center line of the ring-shaped magnetic member having the opening on the surface. The power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the power generator is sandwiched between ferromagnetic materials having a concave shape.   5. The power generator according to claim 1, wherein the coil axis of the coil and the magnetic axis of the ring-shaped magnetized member of the opening have the same curvature as the rotation radius in the circumferential direction. .   6. The coil axis of the coil and the magnetic axis of a ring-like magnetized member of the opening have the same curvature as the rotation radius in the circumferential direction and are fan-shaped when viewed from the direction of the rotation axis. Any one of the generators in the apparatus.   The power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the ring-like magnetized member of the opening is an electromagnet.   The power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a plurality of the configurations are arranged in the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor.   9. The power generator according to claim 1, wherein the coil has a ferromagnetic core at a central axis thereof.

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