JP2011526927A - サーチュイン調節薬としてのベンズイミダゾールおよび関連する類似体 - Google Patents
サーチュイン調節薬としてのベンズイミダゾールおよび関連する類似体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2011526927A JP2011526927A JP2011516871A JP2011516871A JP2011526927A JP 2011526927 A JP2011526927 A JP 2011526927A JP 2011516871 A JP2011516871 A JP 2011516871A JP 2011516871 A JP2011516871 A JP 2011516871A JP 2011526927 A JP2011526927 A JP 2011526927A
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- sirtuin
- substituted
- compound
- mmol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2008年7月3日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/133,938号の利益を主張するものであり、その全内容は、参照することにより本明細書の一部とされる。
本明細書で用いる以下の用語および表現は、以下に示す意味を有するものとする。特にそれ以外の定義がなされていない限りにおいて、本明細書で用いるすべての技術および科学用語は、当業者が通常理解するものと同一の意味を有する。
1つの局面によれば、本発明は、加齢もしくはストレスに関連する疾患または障害、糖尿病、肥満症、神経変性疾患、眼の疾患および障害、心血管疾患、血液凝固障害、炎症、癌、ならびに/または潮紅などが例として挙げられる広範囲にわたる種々の疾患および障害を治療ならびに/または予防するための新規なサーチュイン調節化合物を提供する。サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、ミトコンドリア活性の上昇の恩恵を受けるであろう対象の疾患もしくは障害の治療、筋肉の性能の向上、筋肉のATPレベルの上昇、または低酸素もしくは虚血に付随する筋肉組織の損傷の治療もしくは予防に対しても用いることができる。本明細書で開示されるその他の化合物は、医薬組成物における使用、および/または本明細書で開示される1もしくは2つ以上の方法における使用に対して適切であり得る。
Z1およびZ2の一方は、CR3であり、Z1およびZ2の他方は、NおよびCR3から選択され、ここで、
R3は、存在ごとに、水素、ヒドロキシ、ハロ、−C≡N、フルオロ置換C1‐C2アルキル、−O−(C1‐C2)フルオロ置換アルキル、−S−(C1‐C2)フルオロ置換アルキル、C1‐C4アルキル、−O−(C1‐C4)アルキル、−S−(C1‐C4)アルキル、C3‐C7シクロアルキルから選択され;
Rは、水素、−(C2‐C4)アルキル、−(C1‐C4)フルオロ置換アルキル、−(C1‐C4)アルキル−N(R7)(R7)、−(C1‐C4)アルキル−C(O)−N(R7)(R7)、−(C2‐C4)アルキル−O−R7、および−(C2‐C4)アルキル−N(R7)−C(O)−R7から選択され、ここで:
R7は、各々独立して、水素および−C1‐C4アルキルから選択されるか;または、
同一の窒素原子と結合する2つのR7がその窒素原子と一緒になって、所望によりN、S、S(=O)、S(=O)2、およびOから選択される1つの追加のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい4〜7員環飽和へテロ環を形成し、ここで、飽和へテロ環は、所望により、単一の炭素原子上にて、−OH、−C1‐C4アルキル、フルオロ、−NH2、−NH(C1‐C4アルキル)、−N(C1‐C4アルキル)2、−NH(CH2CH2OCH3)、または−N(CH2CH2OCH3)2で置換されていてよく;
R1は、炭素環およびヘテロ環から選択され、ここで、R1は、所望により、ハロ、−C≡N、C1‐C3アルキル、=O、C3‐C7シクロアルキル、フルオロ置換C1‐C2アルキル、−O−R8、−S−R8、−(C1‐C2アルキル)−N(R8)(R8)、−N(R8)(R8)(例:−NH−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2OHおよび−O−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2OH)、−O−(C1‐C2アルキル)−N(R8)(R8)、−(C1‐C2アルキル)−O−(C1‐C2アルキル)−N(R8)(R8)、−C(O)−N(R8)(R8) −(C1‐C2アルキル)−C(O)−N(R8)(R8)から独立して選択される1から2個の置換基で置換されていてよく、かつ、R1がフェニルの場合は、R1はまた、所望により、3,4‐メチレンジオキシ、フルオロ置換3,4‐メチレンジオキシ、3,4‐エチレンジオキシ、およびフルオロ置換3,4‐エチレンジオキシで置換されていてもよく;
R8は、各々独立して、水素および−C1‐C4アルキルから選択されるか;または、
2つのR8が、それらが結合する窒素原子と一緒になって、所望によりN、S、S(=O)、S(=O)2、およびOから選択される1つの追加のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい4〜8員環飽和へテロ環を形成し、ここで、アルキルは、所望により、1もしくは2つ以上の−OH、フルオロ、−NH2、−NH(C1‐C4アルキル)、−N(C1‐C4アルキル)2、−NH(CH2CH2OCH3)、または−N(CH2CH2OCH3)2で置換されていてよく、かつ飽和へテロ環は、所望により、1つの炭素原子上にて、−OH、−C1‐C4アルキル、フルオロ、−NH2、−NH(C1‐C4アルキル)、−N(C1‐C4アルキル)2、−NH(CH2CH2OCH3)、または−N(CH2CH2OCH3)2で置換されていてよく、
R2は、少なくとも5つの環原子を有する炭素環、およびピペラジン以外のヘテロ環から選択され、ここで、R2は、所望により、ハロ、−C≡N、C1‐C3アルキル、C3‐C7シクロアルキル、C1‐C2フルオロ置換アルキル、−O−R8、−S−R8、−(C1‐C2アルキル)−N(R8)(R8)、−N(R8)(R8)(例:(例:−NH−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2OHおよび−O−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2OH)、−O−(C1‐C2アルキル)−N(R8)(R8)、−(C1‐C2アルキル)−O−(C1‐C2アルキル)−N(R8)(R8)、−C(O)−N(R8)(R8)、−(C1‐C2アルキル)−C(O)−N(R8)(R8)、−O−フェニル、フェニル、第二のへテロ環、から独立して選択される1から2個の置換基で置換されていてよく、かつ、R2がフェニルの場合は、R2はまた、所望により、3,4‐メチレンジオキシ、フルオロ置換3,4‐メチレンジオキシ、3,4‐エチレンジオキシ、またはフルオロ置換3,4‐エチレンジオキシで置換されていてもよく、ここで、R2のいずれのフェニルまたは第二のへテロ環置換基も、所望により、ハロ;−C≡N;C1‐C3アルキル、C1‐C2フルオロ置換アルキル、−O−(C1‐C2)フルオロ置換アルキル、−O−(C1‐C3)アルキル、−S−(C1‐C3)アルキル、−S−(C1‐C2)フルオロ置換アルキル、−NH−(C1‐C3)アルキル、および−N−(C1‐C3)2アルキルで置換されていてよく;かつ、
R4は、水素、ハロ、−C≡N、フルオロ置換C1‐C2アルキル、−S−(C1‐C2)フルオロ置換アルキル、C1‐C4アルキル、−S−(C1‐C4)アルキル、およびC3‐C7シクロアルキルから選択され;
Xは、−NH−C(=O)−†、−C(=O)−NH−†、−NH−C(=S)−†、−C(=S)−NH−†、−NH−S(=O)−†、−S(=O)−NH−†、−S(=O)2−NH−†、−NH−S(=O)2−†、−NH−C(=O)O−†、−OC(=O)NH−†、−NH−C(=O)NR5−†、−NR5−C(=O)NH−†、−NH−NR5−†、−NR5−NH−†、−O−NH−†、−NH−O−†、−NH−CR5R6−†、−CR5R6−NH−†、−NH−C(=NR5)−†、−C(=NR5)−NH−†、−C(=O)−NH−CR5R6−†、−CR5R6−NH−C(O)−†、−NH−C(=S)−CR5R6−†、−CR5R6−C(=S)−NH−†、−NH−S(O)−CR5R6−†、CR5R6−S(O)−NH†、−NH−S(O)2−CR5R6−†、CR5R6−S(O)2−NH†、−NH−C(=O)−O−CR5R6−†、−CR5R6−O−C(=O)−NH−†、−NH−C(=O)−NR5−CR5R6−†、−CR5R6−O−C(=O)−NH−†、−NH−S(O)2−N(R5)−†、および−N(R5)−S(O)2−NH−†、から選択され、ここで:
†は、XがR1と結合していることを表し;かつ、
R5およびR6は、各々独立して、水素、C1‐C4アルキル、−CF3、および(C1‐C2アルキル)−CF3から選択され、ここで:
Xが−C(O)−NH−†であり、Z1およびZ2が各々CHであり、R1が所望により置換されていてよいフェニルである場合、R2はピリジニルではなく;
Xが−C(O)−NH−†であり、Z1およびZ2が各々CHであり、R1がフェニルであり、RおよびR4がHである場合、R2はキノリニルでもインダゾリルでもなく;
Xが−NH−S(O)2−†であり、Z1およびZ2が各々CHであり、R1が4‐メトキシフェニルであり、RおよびR4がHである場合、R2はピリジニルではなく;かつ、
Xが−NH−CH2−†であり、Z1がNであり、Z2がCR3であり、R3がHまたはCH3であり、R4がHであり、Rが−CH3であり、R1がフェニルである場合、R2はトリアゾリルではない)。
Z11およびZ12の一方は、CR13であり、Z11およびZ12の他方は、NおよびCR13から選択され、ここで、
R13は、水素、ハロ、−OH、−C≡N、フルオロ置換C1‐C2アルキル、−O−(C1‐C2フルオロ置換アルキル)、−S−(C1‐C2フルオロ置換アルキル)、C1‐C4アルキル、−(C1‐C2アルキル)−N(R14)(R14)、−O−CH2CH(OH)CH2OH、−O−(C1‐C4)アルキル、−O−(C1‐C3)アルキル−N(R14)(R14)、−N(R14)(R14)、−S−(C1‐C4)アルキル、およびC3‐C7シクロアルキルから選択され;
Rは、水素、−(C2‐C4)アルキル、−(C1‐C4)フルオロ置換アルキル、−(C1‐C4)アルキル−N(R7)(R7)、−(C1‐C4)アルキル−C(O)−N(R7)(R7)、−(C2‐C4)アルキル−O−R7、および−(C2‐C4)アルキル−N(R7)−C(O)−R7から選択され、ここで:
R7は、各々独立して、水素および−C1‐C4アルキルから選択されるか;または、
同一の窒素原子と結合する2つのR7がその窒素原子と一緒になって、所望によりN、S、S(=O)、S(=O)2、およびOから選択される1つの追加のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい4〜7員環飽和へテロ環を形成し、ここで、飽和へテロ環は、所望により、単一の炭素原子上にて、−OH、−C1‐C4アルキル、フルオロ、−NH2、−NH(C1‐C4アルキル)、−N(C1‐C4アルキル)2、−NH(CH2CH2OCH3)、または−N(CH2CH2OCH3)2で置換されていてよく;
R4は、水素、ハロ、−C≡N、フルオロ置換C1‐C2アルキル、−S−(C1‐C2)フルオロ置換アルキル、C1‐C4アルキル、−S−(C1‐C4)アルキル、およびC3‐C7シクロアルキルから選択され;
Xは、−NH−C(=O)−†、−C(=O)−NH−†、−NH−C(=S)−†、−C(=S)−NH−†、−NH−S(=O)−†、−S(=O)−NH−†、−S(=O)2−NH−†、−NH−S(=O)2−†、−NH−S(O)2−NR15−†、−NR15−S(O)2−NH−†、−NH−C(=O)O−†、O−C(=O)−NH−†、−NH−C(=O)NH−†、−NH−C(=O)NR15−†、−NR15−C(=O)NH−†、−NH−NR15−†、−NR15−NH−†、−O−NH−†、−NH−O−†、−NH−CR15R16−†、−CR15R16−NH−†、−NH−C(=NR15)−†、−C(=NR15)−NH−†、−C(=O)−NH−CR15R16−†、−CR15R16−NH−C(O)−†、−NH−C(=S)−CR15R16−†、−CR15R16−C(=S)−NH−†、−NH−S(O)−CR15R16−†、−CR15R16−S(O)−NH−†、−NH−S(O)2−CR15R16−†、−CR15R16−S(O)2−NH−†、−NH−C(=O)−O−CR15R16−†、−CR15R16−O−C(=O)−NH−†、−NH−C(=O)−NR14−CR15R16−†、−NH−C(=O)−CR15R16−†、および−CR15R16−NH−C(=O)−O−†から選択され、ここで、
†は、XがR11と結合していることを表し、かつ:
R15およびR16は、独立して、水素、C1‐C4アルキル、CF3、および−(C1‐C4アルキル)−CF3から選択され:
R11は、炭素環およびヘテロ環から選択され、ここで、R11は、所望により、ハロ、−C≡N、C1‐C3アルキル、C3‐C7シクロアルキル、C1‐C2フルオロ置換アルキル、=O、−O−R14、−S−R14、−(C1‐C4アルキル)−N(R14)(R14)、−N(R14)(R14)、−O−(C2‐C4アルキル)−N(R14)(R14)、−C(O)−N(R14)(R14)、−C(O)−O−R14、および−(C1‐C4アルキル)−C(O)−N(R14)(R14)から独立して選択される1から2個の置換基で置換されていてよく、かつ、R11がフェニルの場合は、R11はまた、所望により、3,4‐メチレンジオキシ、フルオロ置換3,4‐メチレンジオキシ、3,4‐エチレンジオキシ、フルオロ置換3,4‐エチレンジオキシ、O−(飽和へテロ環)、フルオロ置換−O−(飽和へテロ環)、およびC1‐C4アルキル置換O−(飽和へテロ環)で置換されていてもよく、ここで、
R14は、各々独立して、水素および−C1‐C4アルキルから選択されるか;または、
2つのR14が、それらが結合する窒素原子と一緒になって、所望によりN、S、S(=O)、S(=O)2、およびOから選択される1つの追加のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい4〜8員環飽和へテロ環を形成し、ここで:
R14がアルキルである場合、このアルキルは、所望により、1もしくは2つ以上の−OH、−O−(C1‐C4アルキル)、フルオロ、−NH2、−NH(C1‐C4アルキル)、−N(C1‐C4アルキル)2、−NH(CH2CH2OCH3)、または−N(CH2CH2OCH3)2で置換されていてよく、および、
2つのR14が、それらが結合する窒素原子と一緒になって、4〜8員環飽和へテロ環を形成する場合、この飽和へテロ環は、所望により、1つの炭素原子上にて、−OH、−C1‐C4アルキル、フルオロ、−NH2、−NH(C1‐C4アルキル)、−N(C1‐C4アルキル)2、−NH(CH2CH2OCH3)、または−N(CH2CH2OCH3)2で置換されていてよく;および、所望により、置換可能であるいずれの窒素原子上においても、−C1‐C4アルキル、フルオロ置換C1‐C4アルキル、または−(CH2)2−O−CH3で置換されていてよく;かつ、
R12は、少なくとも5つの環原子を有する炭素環、およびピペラジン、インダゾール、トリアゾール、またはピラゾロピリジン以外のヘテロ環から選択され、ここで、R12は、所望により、ハロ、−C≡N、C1‐C4アルキル、C3‐C7シクロアルキル、C1‐C2フルオロ置換アルキル、−O−(C1‐C4アルキル)、−S−R14、−S(O)−R14、−S(O)2−R14、−(C1‐C4アルキル)−N(R14)(R14)、−N(R14)(R14)、−O−(C2‐C4アルキル)−N(R14)(R14)、−C(O)−N(R14)(R14)、−(C1‐C4アルキル)−C(O)−N(R14)(R14)、−O−フェニル、フェニル、および第二のへテロ環、から独立して選択される1から2個の置換基で置換されていてよく、かつ、R12がフェニルの場合は、R12はまた、所望により、3,4‐メチレンジオキシ、フルオロ置換3,4‐メチレンジオキシ、3,4‐エチレンジオキシ、フルオロ置換3,4‐エチレンジオキシ、または−O−(飽和へテロ環)で置換されていてもよく、ここで、R12のいずれのフェニル、飽和へテロ環、または第二のへテロ環置換基も、所望により、ハロ;−C≡N;C1‐C4アルキル、C1‐C2フルオロ置換アルキル、−O−(C1‐C2フルオロ置換アルキル)、−O−(C1‐C4アルキル)、−S−(C1‐C4アルキル)、−S−(C1‐C2フルオロ置換アルキル)、−NH−(C1‐C4アルキル)、および−N−(C1‐C4アルキル)2で置換されていてよく;ここで:
Xが−C(O)−NH−†であり、Z11およびZ12が各々CHであり、R11が所望により置換されていてよいフェニルであり、RおよびR4がHである場合、R12はピリジニルでもキノリニルでもなく;かつ、
Xが−NH−S(O)2−†であり、Z11およびZ12が各々CHであり、R11が4‐メトキシフェニルであり、RおよびR4がHである場合、R12はピリジニルではない)。
R3は、水素、フルオロ、−OCH3、およびモルホリン‐4‐イルから選択され;
R11は:
R12は:
R11が、
特定の局面によれば、本発明は、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を調節するための方法、ならびにそれを用いる方法を提供する。
1つの態様によれば、本発明は、細胞の寿命の延長、細胞の増殖能の拡大、細胞の老化の鈍化(slowing aging of a cell)、細胞の生存の促進、細胞における細胞老化の遅延(delaying cellular senescence in a cell)、カロリー制限効果の模倣、細胞のストレスへの耐性の増加、または細胞のアポトーシスの阻止を、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させる本発明のサーチュイン調節化合物を細胞と接触させることによって行う方法を提供する。代表的な態様によれば、この方法は、サーチュイン活性化化合物を細胞と接触させることを含んでなる。
別の態様によれば、本発明は、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を、それを必要とする対象へ投与することによって心血管疾患を治療および/または予防するための方法を提供する。
サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、ある量の放射線もしくはトキシンを最近受けたかまたは受ける可能性が高い対象へ投与することができる。1つの態様によれば、放射線もしくはトキシンの量は、職業に関連する曝露の一部であるか、または予防的処置として投与されることを例とする医療的曝露の一部として受けるものである。別の態様によれば、放射線またはトキシンへの曝露は、意図せずに受けるものである。そのような場合は、曝露後できるだけ早く化合物を投与して、アポトーシスおよびそれに続く急性放射線症候群の発症を阻止することが好ましい。
特定の局面によれば、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を用いて、神経変性疾患、および中枢神経系(CNS)、脊髄、もしくは末梢神経系(PNS)への心的外傷(traumatic injury)または機械的外傷に罹患する患者を治療することができる。神経変性疾患は、通常、ヒト脳の質量および体積の減少を伴い、この原因は、脳細胞の萎縮および/または死滅であり得、それは、老化に帰することができる健康なヒトのものより遥かに重大である。神経変性疾患は、特定の脳領域の進行性の変性(例:神経細胞の機能障害および死滅)により、長期間にわたる正常な脳の機能の後、次第に進展し得る。別の選択肢として、神経変性疾患は、心的外傷またはトキシンと関連するものなど、早期にも発症し得る。実際の脳変性の発症は、臨床的な発症の何年も前であり得る。神経変性疾患の例としては、これらに限定されないが、アルツハイマー病 (AD)、パーキンソン病 (PD)、ハンチントン病(HD)、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS;ルーゲーリック病)、びまん性レビー小体病、有棘赤血球舞踏病、原発性側索硬化症、眼疾患(眼神経炎)、化学療法誘発性神経障害(例:ビンクリスチン、パクリタキセル、ボルテゾミブから)、糖尿病誘発性神経障害、およびフリードライヒ運動失調症が挙げられる。サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を用いて、これらの障害および以下で述べるその他の障害を治療することができる。
他の局面によれば、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を用いて、血液凝固障害(または止血障害)を治療または予防することができる。本明細書で交換可能に用いることができる「止血」、「血液凝固」、および「凝血」という用語は、出血の制御を意味し、血管収縮および凝固の生理学的性質を含む。血液凝固は、傷害、炎症、疾患、先天性欠損、機能障害、またはその他の破損の後、哺乳類の循環の完全性を維持する補助を行う。さらに、血栓の形成は、傷害の場合に出血を制限するだけでなく(止血)、重要な動脈または静脈の閉鎖によるアテローム硬化性疾患という点で重大な臓器の損傷および死をもたらし得る。従って、血栓症とは、不適切な時間および場所における血栓の形成である。
別の局面によれば、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を用いて、対象の体重増加もしくは肥満症を治療または予防することができる。例えば、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を用いて、例えば、遺伝性の肥満症、食事由来の肥満症、ホルモンに関連する肥満症、医薬の投与に関連する肥満症の治療もしくは予防、対象の体重の減少、または対象の体重増加の低減もしくは予防を行うことができる。そのような治療を必要とする対象は、肥満である対象、肥満となる可能性の高い対象、過体重である対象、または過体重となる可能性の高い対象であってよい。肥満または過体重となる可能性の高い対象は、例えば、家族歴、遺伝学、食事、活動レベル、医薬の摂取、またはこれらの種々の組み合わせに基づいて識別することができる。
別の局面によれば、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、インスリン抵抗性、前糖尿病状態、2型糖尿病、および/もしくはこれらの合併症などの代謝障害の治療または予防のために用いることができる。サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物の投与により、インスリン感受性の増加および/または対象におけるインスリンレベルの低下を起こすことができる。そのような治療を必要とする対象は、インスリン抵抗性もしくはその他の2型糖尿病の前駆症状を有する対象、2型糖尿病である対象、またはこれらの状態のいずれかを発症する可能性の高い対象であってよい。例えば、対象は、インスリンの高循環レベルを例とするインスリン抵抗性、ならびに/または高脂血症、脂肪生成不全(dyslipogenesis)、高コレステロール血症、耐糖能障害、高血中グルコース糖レベル(high blood glucose sugar level)、シンドロームXのその他の症状、高血圧症、粥状動脈硬化、およびリポジストロフィーなどの関連する状態を有する対象であってよい。
その他の局面によれば、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を用いて、炎症に関連する疾患もしくは障害を治療または予防することができる。サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、炎症の開始前に、炎症の開始時に、または炎症の開始後に投与してよい。予防的に用いる場合、この化合物は、何らかの炎症反応または症状が出る前に提供されることが好ましい。この化合物の投与により、炎症反応または症状を予防または軽減することができる。
別の局面によれば、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、障害の症状である潮紅および/もしくは顔面紅潮の発生または重症度を低減するために用いることができる。例えば、本方法には、癌患者における潮紅および/もしくは顔面紅潮の発生または重症度を低減するための、単独または他の薬剤と組み合わせての、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物の使用が含まれる。他の態様によれば、この方法は、閉経期および閉経後の女性における潮紅、および/もしくは顔面紅潮の発生、または重症度を低減するための、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物の使用を提供する。
本発明の1つの局面は、本明細書で開示される化合物、またはその薬学的に許容可能な塩、プロドラッグ、もしくは代謝誘導体から選択されるサーチュイン調節薬の治療用量を患者へ投与することにより、視力障害を阻止、低減、またはそうでなければ治療するための方法である。
特定の態様によれば、本発明は、ミトコンドリア活性の上昇の恩恵を受けるであろう疾患または障害を治療するための方法を提供する。この方法は、それを必要とする対象に、サーチュイン活性化化合物の治療効果量を投与することを含む。ミトコンドリア活性の上昇とは、ミトコンドリアの全体数(例:ミトコンドリア質量)は維持した状態でミトコンドリアの活性を上昇させること、ミトコンドリアの数を増加させることによってミトコンドリア活性を上昇させること(例:ミトコンドリア生合成を刺激することによって)、またはこれらの組み合わせを意味する。特定の態様によれば、ミトコンドリア活性の上昇の恩恵を受けるであろう疾患または障害としては、ミトコンドリア機能障害と関連する疾患または障害が挙げられる。
他の態様によれば、本発明は、治療効果量のサーチュイン活性化化合物を投与することによって筋肉の性能を向上させるための方法を提供する。例えば、サーチュイン活性化化合物は、身体的耐久力(例:運動、肉体労働、スポーツ活動などの身体作業を行う能力)の改善、身体疲労の阻止もしくは遅延、血中酸素レベルの増加、健康な個人のエネルギーの増加、作業を行う能力および耐久力の向上、筋肉疲労の低減、ストレスの低減、心機能および心血管機能の向上、性的能力の改善、筋肉ATPレベルの増加、および/または血中乳酸の減少、のために有用であり得る。特定の態様によれば、この方法は、ミトコンドリア活性を増加させる、ミトコンドリア生合成を増加させる、および/またはミトコンドリア質量を増加させる量のサーチュイン活性化化合物を投与することを含む。
サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、ウイルス感染症(インフルエンザ、ヘルペス、もしくはパピローマウイルスによる感染症など)を治療もしくは予防するために、または抗真菌薬として用いることができる。特定の態様によれば、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、ウイルス性疾患の治療のための別の治療薬と共に、併用薬物療法の一部として投与することができる。別の態様によれば、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、別の抗真菌薬と共に、併用薬物療法の一部として投与することができる。
本明細書で意図されるさらに他の方法には、サーチュインを調節する化合物または剤を識別するためのスクリーニング方法が含まれる。剤は、アプタマーなどの核酸であってよい。アッセイは、細胞に基づく、または細胞を用いないフォーマットで実施してよい。例えば、アッセイは、サーチュインを調節することが公知である剤によってサーチュインを調節することができる条件下にて、サーチュインを試験剤とインキュベートすること(または接触させること)、および試験剤の非存在下に対しての試験剤の存在下におけるサーチュインの調節のレベルをモニタリングするかまたは測定することを含んでいてもよい。サーチュインの調節のレベルは、基質を脱アセチル化するその能力を測定することによって決定することができる。代表的な基質は、バイオモル(BIOMOL)(プリマスミーティング,ペンシルベニア州)から入手可能であるアセチル化ペプチドである。好ましい基質としては、アセチル化K382を含んでなるものなどのp53のペプチドが挙げられる。特に好ましい基質は、Fluor de Lys‐SIRT1(バイオモル)、すなわち、アセチル化ペプチドArg‐His‐Lys‐Lysである。その他の基質は、ヒトヒストンH3およびH4からのペプチド、またはアセチル化アミノ酸である。基質は、蛍光発生基質であってよい。サーチュインは、SIRT1、Sir2、SIRT3、またはこれらの一部分であってよい。例えば、遺伝子組換えSIRT1は、バイオモルから入手可能である。反応は、約30分間実施し、例えばニコチンアミドで停止してよい。HDAC蛍光活性アッセイ/創薬キット(AK‐500、バイオモルリサーチラボラトリーズ(BIOMOL Research Laboratories))を用いてアセチル化のレベルを測定してよい。同様のアッセイが、Bitterman et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:45099、に記載されている。アッセイにおけるサーチュインの調節のレベルは、本明細書で述べる1もしくは2つ以上の化合物の存在下(別々にまたは同時に)におけるサーチュインの調節のレベルと比較してよく、これを、ポジティブまたはネガティブコントロールとして用いてよい。アッセイに用いられるサーチュインは、完全長サーチュインタンパク質であっても、その一部分であ
ってもよい。活性化化合物がSIRT1のN末端と相互作用を起こすと思われることが本明細書で示されたことから、アッセイに用いられるタンパク質としては、サーチュインのN末端部分、例えば、SIRT1のおよそアミノ酸1〜176、または1〜255;Sir2のおよそアミノ酸1〜174、または1〜252、が挙げられる。
本明細書で述べるサーチュイン調節化合物は、1つ以上の生理学的にもしくは薬学的に許容可能なキャリアまたは賦形剤を用いて、従来の方法で製剤することができる。例えば、サーチュイン調節化合物ならびにその薬学的に許容可能な塩および溶媒和物は、例えば注射(例:SubQ、IM、IP)、吸入もしくは吹送(insufflation)(口もしくは鼻を通して)、または経口、頬側、舌下、経皮、経鼻、非経口、もしくは直腸内投与による投与用として製剤することができる。1つの態様によれば、サーチュイン調節化合物は、標的細胞の存在する部位、すなわち特定の組織、臓器、または体液(例:血液、脳脊髄液など)にて、局所的に投与することができる。
本明細書ではキットも提供し、例えば、治療目的のキット、または細胞の寿命の調節もしくはアポトーシスの調節のためのキットである。キットは、1もしくは2つ以上のサーチュイン調節化合物を、例えば、予め計量された用量で含んでいてもよい。キットは、所望により、細胞を化合物と接触させるためのデバイス、および使用説明書を含んでいてもよい。デバイスとしては、シリンジ、ステント、およびサーチュイン調節化合物を対象(例:対象の血管)へ導入するための、またはそれを対象の皮膚へ適用するためのその他のデバイスが挙げられる。
(Mayer and Walker, eds., Academic Press, London, 1987);Handbook Of Experimental Immunology, Volumes I-IV (D. M. Weir and C. C. Blackwell, eds., 1986);Manipulating the Mouse Embryo, (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1986)、を参照されたい。
工程1) 2‐(6‐クロロピリジン‐3‐イル)‐1H‐ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール‐4‐カルボン酸(6)の合成
工程1) ベンジル2‐(3‐(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル)‐1H‐ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール‐4‐イルカルバメート(12)の合成
工程1) 4‐クロロ‐1‐(ジメトキシメチル)‐2‐(トリフルオロメチル)ベンゼン(18)の合成
工程1) tert‐ブチル4‐(メチルスルホニルオキシ)ピペリジン‐1‐カルボキシレート(24)の合成
工程1) tert‐ブチル3‐(2‐ホルミルフェノキシ)ピロリジン‐1‐カルボキシレート(30)の合成
工程1) (2,2‐ジメチル‐1,3‐ジオキソラン‐4‐イル)メチル4‐メチルベンゼンスルホネート(34)の合成
工程1) 2‐クロロエチル4‐メチルベンゼンスルホネート(39)の合成
工程1) 1‐ブロモ‐2‐(ジフルオロメチル)‐4‐フルオロベンゼン(44)の合成
工程1) 2‐(ジフルオロメチル)‐4‐モルホリノベンズアルデヒド(49)の合成
工程1) 3‐(ピロリジン‐1‐イルメチル)アニリン(53)の合成
工程1) tert‐ブチル4‐(ヒドロキシメチル)チアゾール‐2‐イルカルバメート(57)の合成
工程1) 5‐(モルホリノメチル)チアゾール‐2‐アミン(61)の合成
工程1) (S)‐2‐ブロモ‐5‐((2,2‐ジメチル‐1,3‐ジオキソラン‐4‐イル)メトキシ)ベンズアルデヒド(64)の合成
工程1) 3‐アミノ‐5‐クロロ‐2‐ニトロ安息香酸(77)の合成
工程1) 4‐アミノ‐5‐ニトロ‐ニコチン酸エチルエステル(78)の合成
工程1) 2‐(4‐フルオロ‐2‐トリフルオロメチル‐フェニル)‐3H‐イミダゾ[4,5‐c]ピリジン‐7‐カルボン酸エチルエステル(83)の合成
工程1) O‐メチルヒドロキシルアミン(84)の合成
メトキシルアミン塩酸塩を、小型の一体型蒸留装置(small one piece distillation apparatus)中にて過剰の50%KOHで処理した。得られた混合物を80度まで加熱し、45〜50度超で蒸留された画分を、KOHペレットを入れた受器フラスコへ回収した。
工程1) 6‐アミノピコリン酸エチル(91)の合成
工程1) 6‐アミノニコチン酸エチル(99)の合成
工程1) tert‐ブチル5‐(モルホリノメチル)ピリジン‐2‐イルカルバメート(107)の合成
工程1) 5‐アミノピコリン酸エチル(111)の合成
工程1) 2,3‐ジアミノ安息香酸メチル(118)の合成
工程1) 2‐ブロモ‐5‐(2‐モルホリノエトキシ)ベンズアルデヒド(121)の合成
工程1) (S)‐4‐((4‐ブロモ‐3‐(トリフルオロメチル)フェノキシ)メチル)‐2,2‐ジメチル‐1,3‐ジオキソラン(127)の合成
工程1) (R)‐2,2‐ジメチル‐4‐((3‐ニトロフェノキシ)メチル)‐1,3‐ジオキソラン(132)の合成
工程1) 2‐(3‐ブロモフェニル)‐1,3‐ジオキサン(136)の合成
工程1) 5‐フルオロ‐2‐(2,2,2‐トリフルオロアセタミド)安息香酸(140)の合成
工程1) 2‐メチルニコチンアルデヒド(149)の合成
工程1) 6‐メチルニコチンアルデヒド(152)の合成
工程1) 2‐メチルイソニコチンアルデヒド(156)の合成
工程1) 2‐(4‐(ピロリジン‐1‐イルメチル)‐2‐(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル)‐1H‐ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール‐4‐カルボン酸(159)の合成
工程1) 6‐モルホリノピリジン‐2‐アミン(165)の合成
質量分析に基づくアッセイを用いて、SIRT1活性の調節薬を識別した。この質量分析に基づくアッセイは、以下の20アミノ酸残基を有するペプチドを用い:Ac‐EE‐K(ビオチン)‐GQSTSSHSK(Ac)NleSTEG‐K(5TMR)‐EE‐NH2(配列番号1)、ここで、K(Ac)はアセチル化リジン残基であり、Nleはノルロイシンである。このペプチドは、C末端にてフルオロフォア5TMR(励起540nm/発光580nm)で標識されている。このペプチド基質の配列は、いくつかの修飾を有するp53に基づいている。さらに、この配列に天然に存在するメチオニン残基は、メチオニンが合成および精製の過程での酸化に感受性を有する場合があることから、ノルロイシンと置換した。
本発明は、中でも、サーチュイン活性化化合物およびそれを用いる方法を提供する。本発明の具体的な態様について考察してきたが、上記の記述事項は説明のためのものであって、限定するものではない。本明細書のレビューにより、本発明の多くの変形が当業者に明らかとなるであろう。本発明の全範囲は、請求項を参照して、その均等物の全範囲と共に、ならびに明細書を参照して、このような変形と共に、決定されるべきである。
本明細書で言及するすべての刊行物および特許は、以下に列挙するものを含めて、個々の刊行物または特許の各々が具体的に、および個別に参照することにより一部とされると示されているかのごとく、その全体が参照することにより本明細書の一部とされる。内容が相違する場合、本明細書におけるいずれの定義も含めて本出願が優先する。
Claims (11)
- 式(II)の化合物またはその塩:
Z11およびZ12の一方は、CR13であり、Z11およびZ12の他方は、NおよびCR13から選択され、ここで、
R13は、水素、ハロ、−OH、−C≡N、フルオロ置換C1‐C2アルキル、−O−(C1‐C2フルオロ置換アルキル)、−S−(C1‐C2フルオロ置換アルキル)、C1‐C4アルキル、−(C1‐C2アルキル)−N(R14)(R14)、−O−CH2CH(OH)CH2OH、−O−(C1‐C4)アルキル、−O−(C1‐C3)アルキル−N(R14)(R14)、−N(R14)(R14)、−S−(C1‐C4)アルキル、およびC3‐C7シクロアルキルから選択され;
Rは、水素、−(C2‐C4)アルキル、−(C1‐C4)フルオロ置換アルキル、−(C1‐C4)アルキル−N(R7)(R7)、−(C1‐C4)アルキル−C(O)−N(R7)(R7)、−(C2‐C4)アルキル−O−R7、および−(C2‐C4)アルキル−N(R7)−C(O)−R7から選択され、ここで:
R7は、各々独立して、水素および−C1‐C4アルキルから選択されるか;または、
同一の窒素原子と結合する2つのR7が前記窒素原子と一緒になって、所望によりN、S、S(=O)、S(=O)2、およびOから選択される1つの追加のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい4〜7員環飽和へテロ環を形成し、ここで、前記飽和へテロ環は、所望により、単一の炭素原子上にて、−OH、−C1‐C4アルキル、フルオロ、−NH2、−NH(C1‐C4アルキル)、−N(C1‐C4アルキル)2、−NH(CH2CH2OCH3)、または−N(CH2CH2OCH3)2で置換されていてよく;
R4は、水素、ハロ、−C≡N、フルオロ置換C1‐C2アルキル、−S−(C1‐C2)フルオロ置換アルキル、C1‐C4アルキル、−S−(C1‐C4)アルキル、およびC3‐C7シクロアルキルから選択され;
Xは、−NH−C(=O)−†、−C(=O)−NH−†、−NH−C(=S)−†、−C(=S)−NH−†、−NH−S(=O)−†、−S(=O)−NH−†、−S(=O)2−NH−†、−NH−S(=O)2−†、−NH−S(O)2−NR15−†、−NR15−S(O)2−NH−†、−NH−C(=O)O−†、O−C(=O)−NH−†、−NH−C(=O)NH−†、−NH−C(=O)NR15−†、−NR15−C(=O)NH−†、−NH−NR15−†、−NR15−NH−†、−O−NH−†、−NH−O−†、−NH−CR15R16−†、−CR15R16−NH−†、−NH−C(=NR15)−†、−C(=NR15)−NH−†、−C(=O)−NH−CR15R16−†、−CR15R16−NH−C(O)−†、−NH−C(=S)−CR15R16−†、−CR15R16−C(=S)−NH−†、−NH−S(O)−CR15R16−†、−CR15R16−S(O)−NH−†、−NH−S(O)2−CR15R16−†、−CR15R16−S(O)2−NH−†、−NH−C(=O)−O−CR15R16−†、−CR15R16−O−C(=O)−NH−†、−NH−C(=O)−NR14−CR15R16−†、−NH−C(=O)−O−CR15R16−†、および−CR15R16−NH−C(=O)−O−†から選択され、ここで、
†は、XがR11と結合していることを表し、かつ:
R15およびR16は、独立して、水素、C1‐C4アルキル、CF3、および−(C1‐C4アルキル)−CF3から選択され:
R11は、炭素環およびヘテロ環から選択され、ここで、R11は、所望により、ハロ、−C≡N、C1‐C3アルキル、C3‐C7シクロアルキル、C1‐C2フルオロ置換アルキル、=O、−O−C1‐C4アルキル、−S−R14、−(C1‐C4アルキル)−N(R14)(R14)、−N(R14)(R14)、−O−(C2‐C4アルキル)−N(R14)(R14)、−C(O)−N(R14)(R14)、−C(O)−O−R14、および−(C1‐C4アルキル)−C(O)−N(R14)(R14)から独立して選択される1から2個の置換基で置換されていてよく、かつ、R11がフェニルの場合は、R11はまた、所望により、3,4‐メチレンジオキシ、フルオロ置換3,4‐メチレンジオキシ、3,4‐エチレンジオキシ、フルオロ置換3,4‐エチレンジオキシ、O−(飽和へテロ環)、フルオロ置換−O−(飽和へテロ環)、およびC1‐C4アルキル置換O−(飽和へテロ環)で置換されていてもよく、ここで、
R14は、各々独立して、水素および−C1‐C4アルキルから選択されるか;または、
2つのR14が、それらが結合する窒素原子と一緒になって、所望によりN、S、S(=O)、S(=O)2、およびOから選択される1つの追加のヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよい4〜8員環飽和へテロ環を形成し、ここで:
R14がアルキルである場合、該アルキルは、所望により、1もしくは2つ以上の−OH、−O−(C1‐C4アルキル)、フルオロ、−NH2、−NH(C1‐C4アルキル)、−N(C1‐C4アルキル)2、−NH(CH2CH2OCH3)、または−N(CH2CH2OCH3)2で置換されていてよく、かつ、
2つのR14が、それらが結合する窒素原子と一緒になって、4〜8員環飽和へテロ環を形成する場合、該飽和へテロ環は、所望により、1つの炭素原子上にて、−OH、−C1‐C4アルキル、フルオロ、−NH2、−NH(C1‐C4アルキル)、−N(C1‐C4アルキル)2、−NH(CH2CH2OCH3)、または−N(CH2CH2OCH3)2で置換されていてよく;かつ、所望により、置換可能であるいずれの窒素原子上においても、−C1‐C4アルキル、フルオロ置換C1‐C4アルキル、または−(CH2)2−O−CH3で置換されていてよく;かつ、
R12は、少なくとも5つの環原子を有する炭素環、およびピペラジン、インダゾール、トリアゾール、またはピラゾロピリジン以外のヘテロ環から選択され、ここで、R12は、所望により、ハロ、−C≡N、C1‐C4アルキル、C3‐C7シクロアルキル、C1‐C2フルオロ置換アルキル、−O−R14、−S−R14、−S(O)−R14、−S(O)2−R14、−(C1‐C4アルキル)−N(R14)(R14)、−N(R14)(R14)、−O−(C2‐C4アルキル)−N(R14)(R14)、−C(O)−N(R14)(R14)、−(C1‐C4アルキル)−C(O)−N(R14)(R14)、−O−フェニル、フェニル、および第二のへテロ環、から独立して選択される1から2個の置換基で置換されていてよく、かつ、R12がフェニルの場合は、R12はまた、所望により、3,4‐メチレンジオキシ、フルオロ置換3,4‐メチレンジオキシ、3,4‐エチレンジオキシ、フルオロ置換3,4‐エチレンジオキシ、または−O−(飽和へテロ環)で置換されていてもよく、ここで、R12のいずれのフェニル、飽和へテロ環、または第二のへテロ環置換基も、所望により、ハロ;−C≡N;C1‐C4アルキル、C1‐C2フルオロ置換アルキル、−O−(C1‐C2フルオロ置換アルキル)、−O−(C1‐C4アルキル)、−S−(C1‐C4アルキル)、−S−(C1‐C2フルオロ置換アルキル)、−NH−(C1‐C4アルキル)、および−N−(C1‐C4アルキル)2で置換されていてよく;ここで:
Xが−C(O)−NH−†であり、Z11およびZ12が各々CHであり、R11が所望により置換されていてよいフェニルであり、RおよびR4がHである場合、R12はピリジニルまたはキノリニルでなく;かつ、
Xが−NH−S(O)2−†であり、Z11およびZ12が各々CHであり、R11が4‐メトキシフェニルであり、RおよびR4がHである場合、R12はピリジニルではない)。 - Rが水素である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- Xが−C(O)−NH−†である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の化合物またはその薬学的に許容可能な塩と、薬学的に許容可能なキャリアとを含んでなる、医薬組成物。
- 追加の活性剤をさらに含んでなる、請求項9に記載の医薬組成物。
- インスリン抵抗性、代謝症候群、糖尿病、もしくはその合併症に罹患しているか、または罹患しやすい対象を治療するための、または、対象におけるインスリン感受性を高めるための方法であって、それを必要とする対象に請求項9に記載の組成物を投与することを含んでなる、方法。
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CN102143957A (zh) | 2011-08-03 |
US8846947B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 |
CA2729128A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
KR20110036602A (ko) | 2011-04-07 |
BRPI0914006A2 (pt) | 2015-10-27 |
CN104193740A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
IL210206A (en) | 2016-06-30 |
ZA201009170B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
CA2729128C (en) | 2016-05-31 |
JP5758292B2 (ja) | 2015-08-05 |
US20110124637A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
EP2315763A1 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
JP2015051987A (ja) | 2015-03-19 |
AU2009266889A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
IL210206A0 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
CN102143957B (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
MX2011000079A (es) | 2011-03-02 |
EP2315763B1 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
WO2010003048A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
AU2009266889B2 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
EA020578B1 (ru) | 2014-12-30 |
EA201170137A1 (ru) | 2011-08-30 |
US20150057272A1 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
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