JP2011200810A - Film reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a film distillation apparatus having a high heat exchange efficiency, and as a result, a having high efficiency of producing fresh water.SOLUTION: A first inflow port 3b allowing high temperature sea water to flow into a first flow chamber 3a, and a first outflow port 3c allowing the high temperature sea water to flow out of the first flow chamber 3a, are formed in a first frame 3. The first inflow port 3b and the first outflow port 3c are each made to open at a pair of inner faces facing each other in the longitudinal direction of the first flow chamber 3a respectively. The opening of the first inflow port 3b and the opening of the first outflow port 3c are each disposed in the center part in the width direction of the first flow chamber 3a. A second inflow port 5b allowing low temperature fresh water to flow into a second flow chamber 5a and a second outflow port 5c allowing the fresh water to flow out of the second flow chamber 5a, are formed in a second frame 5. The first inflow port 3b, the first outflow port 3c, the second inflow port 5b, and the second outflow port 5c, are disposed in such a manner that the first inflow port 3b and the second outflow port 5c appear to be on the same position, and the first outflow port 3c and the second inflow port 5b appear to be on the same position, upon viewing them from the direction wherein the first frame 2 and the second frame 5 face each other.

Description

  The present invention relates to a membrane reaction apparatus such as a heat exchanger, an electrodialysis apparatus, and a membrane distillation apparatus.

  In general, as described in Patent Document 1, the membrane distillation apparatus includes a first frame, a second frame, and a distillation membrane (film). FIG. 16 shows a schematic configuration of such a membrane distillation apparatus. The first frame A of the membrane distillation apparatus has a rectangular frame shape in plan view, and the inside is a first flow chamber A1. A first inflow port A2 and a first outflow port A3 are formed on the inner surface constituting the first circulation chamber A1. 1st inflow port A2 and 1st outflow port A3 are each arrange | positioned at the one end part and the other end part on the diagonal L1 which ties two corner | angular parts of 1st distribution chamber A1. The first inlet A2 is supplied with high-temperature seawater as raw water. And it flows in into 1st distribution room A1 from there. As shown by the solid line in FIG. 16, the seawater that has flowed into the first circulation chamber A1 flows toward the other end side of the diagonal line L1 while spreading in a fan shape, and then flows along the diagonal line L1 while narrowing. And it flows out from 1st outflow port A3.

A distillation film (not shown) is provided on one surface of the first frame A so as to face the first circulation chamber A1. This distillation membrane allows the permeation of gases but prevents the permeation of liquids and solids. Therefore, when high-temperature seawater flows through the first circulation chamber A1, water vapor generated from the high-temperature seawater passes through the distillation membrane and exits from the first circulation chamber A1.

  The second frame B has the same shape and the same dimensions as the first frame A, and is arranged in the same posture as the first frame A. Moreover, the second frame B is disposed on the back side of the first frame A in FIG. 16 so as to face the first frame A via the distillation film. The second frame B includes a second circulation chamber B1, a second inlet B2, and a second outlet corresponding to the first circulation chamber A1, the first inlet A2, and the first outlet A3 of the first frame A. B3 is formed. The second inlet B2 and the second outlet B3 are disposed on another diagonal line L2 that intersects with the diagonal line L1 where the first inlet port A2 and the first outlet port A3 are disposed.

  Low-temperature seawater as cooling water flows into the second circulation chamber B1 from the second inlet B2. The seawater that has flowed into the second circulation chamber B1 flows along the diagonal line L2 while spreading in a fan shape, and then flows along the diagonal line L2 while narrowing, as shown by a broken line in FIG. And it flows out out of 2nd outflow port B3. The low-temperature seawater cools and condenses the water vapor that has passed through the distillation membrane when flowing in the second circulation chamber B1. Thereby, fresh water is obtained.

JP-A-60-197205

  In the conventional membrane distillation apparatus, since the high temperature seawater flows along the diagonal line L1 and the low temperature seawater flows along the diagonal line L2, the diagonal lines L1 and L2 of the first circulation chamber A1 and the second circulation chamber B1 are Heat exchange is performed at the intersecting portion and the portion including the vicinity thereof (portion surrounded by the circle C), but heat exchange is hardly performed at the portion located outside the circle C. Moreover, also in the part in the circle C, the high temperature seawater and the low temperature seawater flow in the intersecting directions, and do not flow in the opposite directions. That is, it is not a counterflow. For this reason, there existed a problem that heat efficiency was bad and the production efficiency of fresh water was low.

In order to solve the above problems, a membrane reaction apparatus according to the present invention includes a first frame body having a first flow chamber therein, and the first flow chamber provided on one surface of the first frame body. And a second frame having a second flow chamber therein, and the first flow chamber and the first flow chamber are opposed to each other with the film body therebetween. The frame body and the second frame body are arranged to face each other with the film body interposed therebetween, and the first frame body includes a first inlet opening and a first inlet opening to an inner surface of the first circulation chamber, respectively. An outlet is formed, and the second frame is formed with a second inlet and a second outlet that open to the inner surface of the second circulation chamber, respectively, and high-temperature fluid flows from the first inlet to the first. A low-temperature fluid that flows into the flow chamber, flows out of the first outlet through the first flow chamber, and has a temperature lower than that of the high-temperature fluid. In the membrane reaction apparatus that flows into the second flow chamber from the flow inlet and flows out from the second flow port through the second flow chamber, the first flow port, the first flow port, and the second flow port. And when the second outlet is viewed from the opposing direction of the first and second frames, the opening of the first inlet and the opening of the second outlet are located at the same position. In addition, the opening of the first outlet and the opening of the second inlet are arranged so as to be located at the same position.
In this case, the first frame body has a first inflow hole and a first outflow hole that extend from the other surface located opposite to the one surface on which the film body is provided toward the one surface. The second frame body includes a second inflow hole and a second hole that penetrate the first frame body from the other surface toward the one surface and reach the inside of the second frame body. An outflow hole is formed, and the first inflow hole, the first outflow hole, the second inflow hole, and the second inflow hole are separated from each other, and the first inflow port, the first outflow port, the first outflow port, The second inflow port and the second outflow port are arranged so as to be separated from each other, the first inflow hole and the first inflow port are communicated by a first inflow passage, and the first outflow hole and the second inflow port The first outlet is in communication with the first outlet passage, and the second inlet and the second inlet are second. Communicated by the inlet passage, it is desirable that the second outflow hole and the second outlet and is communicated by the second outlet passage.
The first circulation chamber and the second circulation chamber are formed into rectangles having the same shape and the same dimensions as each other when viewed from the opposing direction of the first frame body and the second frame body. The first inflow port and the first outflow port are arranged in the same position at the same position in the width direction of two inner surfaces located at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the four inner surfaces of the first flow chamber. The second inlet and the second outlet are respectively opened at the center, and the two inner surfaces located at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the four inner surfaces of the second circulation chamber are in the center in the width direction. It is desirable that each be opened.
The membrane distillation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the high-temperature fluid is a high-temperature solution using water as a solvent, and the membrane body is a high-temperature solution of the high-temperature solution. A distillation membrane that allows permeation of water vapor and prevents other constituents of the high-temperature solution from permeating, wherein the water vapor that has permeated the distillation membrane is cooled by the cooling fluid into liquid water. It is said.

  According to the present invention having the above-described configuration, when viewed from the opposing direction of the first frame and the second frame, the openings of the first inlet and the second outlet are arranged at the same position, and Since the openings of the first outlet and the second inlet are arranged at the same position, the high-temperature fluid flowing through the first circulation chamber and the low-temperature fluid flowing through the second circulation chamber are substantially parallel to each other, and Flow in opposite directions. That is, it flows almost as a counterflow. Therefore, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved. In particular, when a membrane distillation apparatus is used as the membrane reaction apparatus, the production efficiency of fresh water can be improved.

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a first embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line YY of FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line ZZ in FIG. FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 5 of the same embodiment. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 6 of the same embodiment. FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a third embodiment of the present invention. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line YY of FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line ZZ in FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. FIG. 16 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of an example of a conventional membrane distillation apparatus.

The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1 to 6 show a first embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the present invention is applied to a membrane distillation apparatus 1 as an example of a membrane reaction apparatus. Of course, this invention is applicable also to membrane reaction apparatuses other than the membrane distillation apparatus 1, for example, a heat exchanger and an electrodialysis apparatus.

  First, the structure and operation of the membrane distillation apparatus 1 will be schematically described. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the membrane distillation apparatus 1 includes an upper plate 2, an upper first frame (first frame) 3, It has an upper distillation film (distillation film) 4, a second frame 5, a lower distillation film (distillation film) 4 ′, a lower first frame (first frame) 3 ′, and a lower plate 6. These members 2 to 6 are directed from top to bottom in FIGS. 2 and 3 (hereinafter, in this embodiment, up and down means the top and bottom in FIGS. 2 and 3 unless otherwise specified). Are stacked one after another.

  The upper 1st frame 3 has the 1st distribution room 3a in the inside. High-temperature seawater (solution) heated to about 80 ° C. flows from the first port P1 provided in the upper plate 2 into the first circulation chamber 3a. The high-temperature seawater that has flowed into the first circulation chamber 3a passes through the first circulation chamber 3a and is then discharged to the outside from the second port P2 provided in the upper plate 2. Any solution other than seawater may be allowed to flow into the first circulation chamber 3a as long as the solution uses water as a solvent.

  The 2nd member 5 has the 2nd distribution room 5a in the inside. Low temperature fresh water flows into the second circulation chamber 5a from a third port P3 provided in the upper plate 2. The fresh water that has flowed into the second circulation chamber 5a flows out of the fourth port P4 provided on the upper plate 2 after passing through the second circulation chamber 5a.

  The lower first frame 3 'is configured in the same manner as the first frame 3, and has a first flow chamber 3a therein. High-temperature seawater flows into the first circulation chamber 3a from the first port P1, passes through the interior, and then flows out from the second port P2.

  The first to fourth ports P1 to P4 are arranged at different locations on the upper plate 2, respectively. In particular, in this embodiment, the upper plate 2 is disposed at each of the four corners. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the first port P1 is disposed at the corner located at the lower left, the second port P2 is disposed at the corner located at the upper right, and the third port P3 is disposed at the upper left corner. The fourth port P4 is arranged at a corner located at the lower right.

  When high temperature seawater flows through the first circulation chambers 3a and 3a, water vapor generated from the high temperature seawater passes through the upper and lower distillation membranes 4 and 4 'and enters the second circulation chamber 5a. The water vapor that has entered the second circulation chamber 5a is immediately cooled and condensed by the fresh water flowing through the second circulation chamber 5a, and flows together with the fresh water. Therefore, the amount of fresh water flowing out from the fourth port P4 is larger than the amount of fresh water flowing into the second circulation chamber 5a from the third port P3, and the increased amount is fresh water produced by the membrane production apparatus 1. As taken out.

  Fresh water other than the increased amount is cooled again by a cooling means (not shown) and then returned to the third port P3. On the other hand, the high-temperature seawater that has flowed out from the second port P2 is less than the amount of high-temperature seawater that has flowed into the first circulation chamber 3a from the first port P1 by the amount of fresh water that has been taken out, and is newly increased only by the decrease. Seawater is added and then heated again by heating means (not shown) and returned to the first port P1. About the high temperature seawater which flowed out from the 2nd port P2, you may discard, without using again. However, in that case, it is desirable to heat other new seawater using the heat before discarding the high-temperature seawater. And the new seawater heated with the high temperature seawater which should be discarded is further heated to predetermined temperature by a heating means (not shown), Then, it is sent to the 1st port P1.

Next, a detailed configuration of the membrane distillation apparatus 1 having the above-described schematic configuration and operation will be described.
The upper plate 2 is for maintaining the shape of the entire membrane distillation apparatus 1 together with the lower plate 6 in a fixed shape, and is formed in a flat plate shape with a highly rigid resin or other material. In particular, in this embodiment, the shape when the upper plate 2 is viewed from the up and down direction (opposite direction of the first and second frame bodies 3 and 4), that is, the shape in plan view, is formed in a rectangle. The plan view shape of the upper plate 2 may be another shape. The upper plate 2 is in contact with hot seawater or other high-temperature solution flowing in the first circulation chamber 3a. Therefore, the upper plate 2 is made of a material having corrosion resistance to those solutions, or is made of a material having high corrosion resistance to the solution on the lower surface of the upper plate 2 facing the first flow chamber 3a and having excellent sealing properties. It is desirable to provide a coating layer.

  The upper first frame 3 has a frame shape by forming a first flow chamber 3a that opens up and down inside, and has the same outer shape as the upper plate 2 in plan view. In addition, the first frame 3 is arranged in the same posture as the upper plate 2. Therefore, the entire upper surface of the first frame 3 is in contact with the lower surface of the upper plate 2. Thereby, the upper-end opening part of the 1st distribution chamber 3a is closed. The first frame 3 is preferably made of a material having excellent corrosion resistance against the solution because a solution such as high-temperature seawater flows in the first flow chamber 3a, and is made of a resin or other material. In particular, in this embodiment, the first frame 3 is made of rubber used when manufacturing a packing as a sealing material. The thickness of the upper first frame 3 is, for example, about 1.5 mm. In the drawing, the thickness of the first frame 3 is exaggerated with respect to the length and width. The first frame 3 does not necessarily have the same planar view shape as the upper plate 2, and may have a shape different from that of the upper plate 2 as long as the first circulation chamber 3 a is shielded by the upper plate 2. The first circulation chamber 3 a may be formed in a closed state without opening the upper end portion of the first circulation chamber 3 a on the upper surface of the upper first frame 3.

  The first flow chamber 3 a of the first frame 3 has a rectangular shape in plan view, and is arranged with its longitudinal direction oriented in the same direction as the longitudinal direction of the first frame 3. The ratio between the length and the width of the first circulation chamber 3a is desirably set to 2 (length); 1 (width) to 5: 1 or more. The lower opening of the first circulation chamber 3 a is shielded by the upper distillation film 4. As a result, the first circulation chamber 3a is sealed with respect to the outside.

  The first frame 3 is provided with a first net body 7. The first net body 7 has the same plan view shape as the first frame body 3, and the thickness (vertical dimension) is set to be the same as or slightly thinner than the first frame body 3. The peripheral edge of the first net body 7 is embedded in the peripheral edge of the first frame 3. The inner part of the first net 7 enters the first circulation chamber 3a.

  The first net 7 can be provided on the first frame 3 as follows. That is, a pair of halves (not shown) are prepared by dividing the first frame 3 into two in the thickness direction. The pair of halves are made of rubber before vulcanization. The pair of halves are opposed to each other with a predetermined distance therebetween. And the 1st net body 7 is arranged between a pair of half bodies. Thereafter, the pair of halves are brought into close contact with each other and integrated. At this time, the wire constituting the first net 7 enters the inside of the pair of halves, and the rubber constituting each half enters the mesh of the first net 7 and fills it. Thereafter, the rubber constituting the paired halves is vulcanized. Thereby, the 1st net body 7 can be provided in the state embedded in the 1st frame 3 simultaneously with manufacture of the 1st frame 3.

  The lower first frame 3 ′ is formed of the same material and the same size as the upper first frame 3. Of course, the first net 7 is also provided on the lower first frame 3 '. The upper end opening of the first flow chamber 3 a of the lower first frame 3 ′ is shielded by the lower distillation film 4 ′, and the lower end opening is shielded by the lower plate 6. The lower first frame 3 ′ is not necessarily provided and may be omitted. In that case, the lower plate 6 is brought into contact with the lower surface of the second frame 5 described later, and the second flow chamber 5 a is shielded by the lower plate 6. Further, the first flow chamber 3a of the lower first frame 3 'may be formed in a closed state without opening the lower end portion thereof on the lower surface of the lower first frame 3'.

  The upper distillation membrane 4 and the lower distillation membrane 4 ′ are made of a permeable membrane, for example, a porous membrane, having a property of allowing gas permeation and blocking liquid and solid permeation. As a material for the distillation films 4 and 4 ′, for example, a resin such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP) is used. The distillation films 4 and 4 ′ have the same shape and the same dimensions as each other, and are formed in the same planar view shape as the first frame 3. Therefore, the upper distillation film 4 is brought into contact with the entire lower surface of the first frame 3 and the entire upper surface of the second frame 5. On the other hand, the lower distillation film 4 ′ is in contact with the entire lower surface of the second frame 5 and the entire upper surface of the lower first frame 3 ′. The thickness of the distillation membranes 4 and 4 ′ is usually about 10 to 500 μm, but the thickness of the distillation membranes 4 and 4 ′ is exaggerated with respect to the length and width in the drawing.

  The second frame body 5 has a frame shape by forming a second flow chamber 5a that opens up and down inside, and has the same outer shape as the upper plate 2 in plan view. In addition, the second frame 5 is arranged in the same posture as the first frame 3. Therefore, the second frame 5 faces the first frame 3 and the upper distillation film 4 in the vertical direction. The entire upper surface of the second frame 5 is in contact with the entire lower surface of the first frame 3 through the upper distillation film 4. A lower distillation film 4 ′ is provided on the lower surface of the first frame 5. Since the upper distillation film 4 and the lower distillation film 4 ′ are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the second frame body 5, the second frame body 5 does not come into contact with a solution such as high-temperature seawater but contacts fresh water. Just do it. Therefore, the second frame 5 does not need to be made of a material excellent in corrosion resistance to a solution such as seawater, but in this embodiment, the second frame 5 is made of the same material as that of the first frame 3. . That is, it is made of rubber. The thickness of the second frame 5 is, for example, about 1.5 mm, but is exaggerated with respect to its length and width in the drawing.

  The upper and lower openings of the second flow chamber 5 of the second frame 5 are closed by the upper distillation membrane 4 and the lower distillation membrane 4 ′. The second circulation chamber 5a is formed in the same planar view shape as the first circulation chamber 3a. Moreover, the second circulation chamber 5a is arranged in the same position at the same position as the first circulation chamber 3a when viewed in plan. Accordingly, the entire second circulation chamber 5a is vertically opposed to the entire first circulation chamber 3a via the upper distillation membrane 4 (lower distillation membrane 4 ′). As long as the entire second circulation chamber 5a and the entire first circulation chamber 3a face each other, the first frame 3 (3 ') and the second frame pair 5 may be formed in different outer shapes.

  The second frame body 5 is provided with a second mesh body 8. The second mesh body 8 has the same plan view shape as the second frame body 5, and the thickness (the dimension in the vertical direction) is set to be the same as or slightly thinner than the second frame body 5. The peripheral edge of the second mesh body 8 is embedded in the peripheral edge of the second frame body 5. The inner part of the second net body 8 enters the second circulation chamber 5a. The second mesh body 8 can be provided on the second frame body 5 in the same manner as when the first mesh body 7 is provided on the first frame body 3.

  The lower plate 6 maintains the shape of the entire membrane distillation apparatus 1 together with the upper plate 2 as described above, and is made of the same material as the upper plate 2. Moreover, the lower plate 5 is formed in the same shape as the upper plate 2 in plan view. As a result, in the membrane distillation apparatus 1 of this embodiment, the upper plate 2, the upper first frame (first frame) 3, the upper distillation membrane (film) 4, the second frame 5, and the lower distillation membrane The outer shapes of the film body 4 ′, the lower first frame body (first frame body) 3 ′, and the lower plate 6 in plan view are the same. However, such a configuration is not necessarily required, and the outer shapes may be different from each other.

  The upper plate 2, the upper first frame 3, the upper distillation film 4, the second frame 5, the lower distillation film 4 ', the lower first frame 3' and the lower plate 6 are stacked in this order, Adjacent members are fixed by adhesion. Thereby, the whole membrane distillation apparatus 1 is maintained in a fixed shape. Each member from the upper plate 2 to the lower plate 6 forms a plurality of through holes (not shown) penetrating from the upper plate 2 to the lower plate 6 without adhering adjacent members to each other. Each member may be fixed to each other by inserting a bolt (not shown) and screwing and tightening a nut (not shown) to the bolt.

  Next, the flow path between the first and second ports P1, P2 and the first flow chamber 3a and the flow path between the third and fourth ports P3, P4 and the second flow chamber 5a will be described. . Since the former route is configured similarly in the upper first frame 3 and the lower first frame 3 ', only the route in the upper first frame 3 will be described.

  First, the flow path between the first and second ports P1, P2 and the first flow chamber 3a will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, the first frame 3 has a first inlet 3b and a first flow path. An outlet 3c is formed. The first inflow port 3b is arranged at the same end as the end where the first port P1 is arranged, that is, the left end in the left-right direction in FIG. In the embodiment, the left and right mean the left and right in FIGS. The first inlet 3b is opened on the left inner surface of the two inner surfaces facing the longitudinal direction of the first flow chamber 3a. And the opening part of the 1st inflow port 3b is arrange | positioned in the center part of the width direction of the 1st distribution chamber 3a.

On the other hand, the 1st outflow port 3c is arrange | positioned in the edge part same as the edge part in which the 1st port P2 is arrange | positioned in the left-right direction of FIG. 5 (up-down direction of FIG. 1), ie, a right end part. The first outlet 3d is opened on the right inner surface of the first circulation chamber 3a. Moreover, the opening of the first outlet 3d is disposed at the center in the width direction of the first circulation chamber 3a.

As shown in FIG. 6, the second frame 5 is formed with a second inflow port 5 b and a second outflow port 5 c. The second inflow port 5b is disposed at the same end as the end where the third port P3 is disposed, that is, the left end in the left-right direction in FIG. 6 (up-down direction in FIG. 1). The 1st inflow port 5b is opened by the right inner surface of the two inner surfaces which oppose the longitudinal direction of the 2nd circulation chamber 5a. And the opening part of the 2nd inflow port 5b is arrange | positioned in the center part of the width direction of the 2nd circulation chamber 5a. As a result, the opening of the second inflow port 5b is positioned at the same position as the opening of the first outflow port 3c with respect to the first flow chamber 3a in plan view.

  On the other hand, the 2nd outflow port 5c is arrange | positioned in the edge part same as the edge part in which the 4th port P4 is arrange | positioned in the left-right direction (up-down direction of FIG. 1) of FIG. The second outlet 5c is opened on the left inner surface of the second circulation chamber 5a. And the opening part of the 1st outflow port 5c is arrange | positioned in the center part of the width direction of the 2nd circulation chamber 5a. As a result, the opening of the second outlet 5c is positioned at the same position as the opening of the first inlet 3b with respect to the first circulation chamber 3a in plan view.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the membrane distillation apparatus 1 has a first inflow hole 9A, a first outflow hole 9B, a second inflow hole 9C, and a second outflow hole 9D. The first inflow hole 9A, the first outflow hole 9B, the second inflow hole 9C, and the second outflow hole 9D are not only arranged at different positions, but also the first inflow port 3b, the first outflow port 3c, It arrange | positions in the position different from any of the 2 inflow port 5b and the 2nd outflow port 5c.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first inflow hole 9A is disposed at the same position as the first port P1 in plan view. The first inflow hole 9A extends downward from the upper surface of the upper plate 2, and the upper plate 2, the upper first frame 3, the upper distillation membrane 4, the second frame 5, the lower distillation membrane 4 'and the lower first It penetrates the frame 3 '. The upper end opening of the first inflow hole 9A is communicated with the first port P1. Therefore, when the high temperature seawater is supplied to the first port P1, the high temperature seawater flows into the first inflow hole 9A. The lower end opening of the first inflow hole 9 </ b> A is closed by the lower plate 6.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the first outflow hole 9B is disposed in the same manner as the second port P2 in plan view. The first outflow hole 9B extends downward from the upper surface of the upper plate 2, and the upper plate 2, the upper first frame 3, the upper distillation membrane 4, the second frame 5, the lower distillation membrane 4 'and the lower first It penetrates the frame 3 '. The upper end opening of the first outflow hole 9B is communicated with the second port P2. Accordingly, the high temperature seawater flows into the second port P2 from the first outflow hole 9B. The lower end opening of the first outflow hole 9 </ b> B is closed by the lower plate 6.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the second inflow hole 9C is arranged at the same position as the third port P3 in plan view. The second inflow hole 9 </ b> C extends downward from the upper surface of the upper plate 2 and penetrates the upper plate 2, the upper first frame 3, the upper distillation film 4, and the second frame 5. The upper end opening of the second inflow 9C is communicated with the third port P3. Therefore, when fresh water is supplied to the third port P3, the fresh water flows into the second inflow hole 9C. The lower end opening of the second inflow hole 9C is closed by the lower distillation membrane 4 ′.

  As shown in FIG.1 and FIG.3, 2nd outflow hole 9D is arrange | positioned in the same position as the 4th port P4 in planar view. The second outflow hole 9 </ b> D extends downward from the upper surface of the upper plate 2 and passes through the upper plate 2, the upper first frame 3, the upper distillation film 4, and the second frame 5. The upper end opening of the second outflow hole 9D is communicated with the fourth port P4. Therefore, fresh water flows into the fourth port P4 from the second outflow hole 9D. The lower end opening of the second outflow hole 9D is closed by the lower distillation membrane 4 ′.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a first inflow passage 3 d is formed at the left end portion of the first frame 3. One end of the first inflow passage 3d communicates with the first inflow hole 9A, and the other end communicates with the first inflow port 3b. As a result, the first port P1 and the left end of the first flow chamber 3a are communicated with each other through the first inflow hole 9A, the first inflow passage 3d, and the first inflow port 3b.

A first outflow passage 3 e is formed at the right end of the first frame 3. One end portion of the first outflow passage 3e communicates with the first outflow hole 9B, and the other end portion communicates with the first outflow port 3c. As a result, the second port P2 and the right end of the first circulation chamber 3a are communicated with each other via the first outflow hole 9B, the first outflow passage 3e, and the first outflow port 3c.

  As shown in FIG. 6, a second inflow passage 5 d is formed at the right end of the second frame 5. One end of the second inflow passage 5d communicates with the second inflow hole 9C, and the other end communicates with the first inflow port 5b. As a result, the third port P3 and the right end of the second circulation chamber 5a are communicated with each other via the second inflow hole 9C, the second inflow passage 5d, and the second inflow port 5b.

A second outflow passage 5 e is formed at the left end of the second frame 5. One end of the second outflow passage 3e communicates with the first outflow hole 9D, and the other end communicates with the second outflow port 5c. As a result, the fourth port P4 and the second circulation chamber 5a communicate with each other through the second outflow hole 9D, the second outflow passage 5e, and the second outflow port 5c.

  In this way, the first inflow hole 9A, the first outflow hole 9B, the second inflow hole 9C, and the second outflow hole 9D are arranged at different positions, and the first inflow port 3b, the first outflow port 3c, The second inflow port 5b and the second outflow port 5c are arranged at different positions, and the first inflow hole 9A, the first outflow hole 9B, the second inflow hole 9C, the second outflow hole 9D, the first inflow port 3b, Since the first outlet 3c, the second inlet 5b, and the second outlet 5c are communicated by the first inflow passage 3d, the first outflow passage 3e, the second inflow passage 5d, and the second outflow passage 5e, respectively. The first inflow port 3b of the first frame 3 and the second outflow port 5c of the second frame 5 can be arranged at the same position in plan view, and the first outflow port 3c of the first frame 3 Since the second inflow port 5b of the second frame 5 can be arranged at the same position in plan view. That.

  In the membrane distillation apparatus having the above configuration, when high-temperature seawater is supplied to the first port P1, the high-temperature seawater enters the first inflow port 3b through the first inflow hole 9A and the first inflow passage 3d, and from there, the first It flows into the center in the width direction of the left end of the circulation chamber 3a. As shown in FIG. 5, the high-temperature seawater that has flowed into the central portion of the left end portion of the first circulation chamber 3a flows to the right end side of the first circulation chamber 3a while spreading in the width direction. The high-temperature seawater flows substantially in parallel along the longitudinal direction in the middle part of the first circulation chamber 3a in the longitudinal direction. Thereafter, the high-temperature seawater flows to the right end side while narrowing in the width direction of the first circulation chamber 3a, and flows into the first outlet 3c. And it reaches the 2nd port P2 through the 1st outflow passage 3e and the 1st outflow hole 9B, and flows out from there.

  On the other hand, when low temperature fresh water is supplied to the third port P3, the fresh water passes through the second inflow hole 9C and the second inflow passage 5d to the second inflow port 5b, and from there to the right end of the second circulation chamber 5a. Flows into the center in the width direction. As shown in FIG. 6, the fresh water that has flowed into the center of the right end of the second circulation chamber 5a flows in the second circulation chamber 5a toward the left end while spreading in the width direction. Fresh water flows substantially in parallel along the longitudinal direction in the longitudinal intermediate portion of the second circulation chamber 5a. Thereafter, the fresh water flows to the left end side while narrowing in the width direction of the second circulation chamber 5a, and flows into the second outlet 5c. And it reaches the 4th port P4 through the 2nd outflow passage 5e and the 2nd outflow hole 9D, and flows out from there.

  Here, the first inflow port 3b and the second outflow port 5c are arranged at the same position in a plan view, the first outflow port 3c and the second inflow port 5b are arranged at the same position in a plan view, The line connecting the opening of the first inlet 3b and the opening of the first outlet 3c and the line connecting the opening of the second inlet 5b and the opening of the second outlet 5c are the same in plan view. Located in position. Therefore, the high-temperature seawater flowing in the first circulation chamber 3a and the fresh water flowing in the second circulation chamber 5a flow in opposite directions as shown in FIG. That is, high-temperature seawater and fresh water flow in opposite directions. Therefore, the heat exchange efficiency between high-temperature seawater and fresh water is improved, and the production efficiency of fresh water can be improved. Moreover, the high-temperature seawater and the fresh water flow along substantially the same path in plan view. Therefore, heat exchange between high-temperature seawater and fresh water is performed in their entire basin. As a result, the production efficiency of fresh water between high-temperature seawater and fresh water can be further improved.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, since the 1st net | network body 7 is provided in the 1st distribution chamber 3a, the fixed distribution area more than fixed can always be ensured in the 1st distribution chamber 3a. That is, in the case where the first network pair 7 is not provided, if the pressure in the first circulation chamber 3a becomes lower than the pressure in the second circulation chamber 5a, the upper distillation membrane 4 is pushed upward by the differential pressure. May approach or come into contact with the upper plate 2. Then, the distribution responsibility in the 2nd circulation chamber 3a becomes small, the flow volume in the 1st circulation chamber 3a of high temperature seawater falls, As a result, the heat exchange efficiency and the production efficiency of fresh water will fall.

In this respect, in the membrane distillation apparatus 1 of this embodiment, the first network body 7 is provided in the first flow chamber 3a, and even if the upper distillation film 4 is pushed upward, the first network body is provided. 7 is only touched, and is not pushed further to the upper plate 2 side. Therefore, the flow area in the first flow chamber 3 a is not narrowed by the upper distillation film 4. Moreover, when the upper distillation membrane 4 is in contact with the first network body 7, the high-temperature seawater flows through the mesh of the first network body 7. Therefore, it is possible to always ensure a flow area of a certain size or more in the first flow chamber 3a, and to smoothly flow high-temperature seawater. Therefore, heat exchange efficiency and fresh water production efficiency can be improved.

  This is the same when the lower distillation membrane 4 ′ is pushed downward and when the upper distillation membrane 4 and the lower distillation membrane 4 ′ are pushed toward the second flow chamber 5. This is because when the lower distillation membrane 4 ′ is pushed downward, the lower distillation membrane 4 ′ comes into contact with the first network 7 provided on the lower first frame 3 ′. This is because when the distillation membrane 4 ′ is pushed toward the second flow chamber 5 a, they come into contact with the second mesh body 8.

  Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the following embodiments, only the configuration different from the above-described embodiment will be described, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is omitted.

  7 to 9 show a second embodiment of the present invention. In the membrane distillation apparatus (membrane reaction apparatus) 1A of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the first inlet 3b is adjacent to the first port P1 in the width direction of the left inner surface of the first flow chamber 3a. It is made to open to the edge part to do. On the other hand, the 1st outflow port 3 is opened by the edge part adjacent to the 2nd port P2 in the width direction among the right inner surfaces of the 1st distribution chamber 3a. That is, the opening part of the 1st outflow port 3 is arrange | positioned in the edge part on the opposite side to the opening part of the 1st inflow port 3b in the width direction of the 1st distribution chamber 3a. In other words, the diagonal line connecting the opening on the first inflow port 3b and the opening on the first outflow port between the corner on the first port P1 side and the corner on the second port P2 side of the first circulation chamber 3a. It is arranged on the top.

  As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the second inflow port 5b and the second outflow port 5c are arranged at the same position as the first outflow port 3c and the first inflow port 3b in plan view. In this arrangement, if the third port P3 and the fourth port P4 are arranged at the same positions as in the above embodiment, the distance between the second inlet 5b and the second inlet hole 9C, and the The distance between the two outflow ports 5c and the second outflow hole 9D becomes long, and as a result, the lengths of the second inflow passage 5d and the second outflow passage 5e become long. Therefore, although the third port P3 and the second inflow hole 9C are located at positions different from the second port P2 and the first outflow hole 9B, they are arranged close to them, and the fourth port P4 and the second outflow hole 9D. Are positioned differently from the first port P1 and the first inflow hole 9A, but close to them. Thereby, the length of the 2nd inflow passage 5d and the 2nd outflow passage 5e is shortened as much as possible.

  In this embodiment, the high-temperature seawater that has flowed into the first circulation chamber 3a flows along the diagonal while spreading, and then flows along the diagonal while narrowing, as shown by the solid line in FIG. On the other hand, as shown by a broken line in FIG. 7, the fresh water that has flowed into the second circulation chamber 5a flows along the diagonal while spreading and then flows along the diagonal while narrowing. At this time, the direction in which the high-temperature seawater flows and the direction in which the fresh water flows are opposite to each other, and both flow in opposite directions. Therefore, also in this membrane distillation apparatus 1A, the heat exchange efficiency and the production efficiency of fresh water can be improved.

  10 to 15 show a third embodiment of the present invention. In the membrane distillation apparatus (membrane reaction apparatus) 1B of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, the longitudinal directions of the members 2 to 6 are arranged so as to face the vertical direction.

  As shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, impermeable films 11 and 11 are fixed to both surfaces of the second frame 5 in the thickness direction (left and right direction in FIGS. 11 to 13), respectively. The two impermeable membranes 11 and 11 shield the openings at both ends of the second flow chamber 5a. The impervious film 11 is made of a material that prevents gas, liquid, and solid from permeating and has good thermal conductivity. The impermeable film 12 is made of a resin film such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate), but may be made of a film made of another material.

  Between the upper first frame body 3 and the second frame body 5 and between the lower first frame body 3 ′ and the second frame body 5, third frame bodies 12 are respectively arranged. The third frame 12 has the same shape and the same material as the second frame 5 except that a drain port 12b and a gas vent 12c are formed instead of the second inlet 5b and the second outlet 5c. Are formed to the same dimensions. And the inside of the 3rd frame 1 serves as condensation room 12a replaced with the 2nd distribution room 5a. Of course, the shape and dimensions of the condensing chamber 12a are the same as those of the second circulation chamber 5a. The left and right openings in FIGS. 11 to 13 of the condensing chamber 12a are shielded by the distillation films 4 and 4 ′. The third frame body 12 is provided with a third mesh body 13. The peripheral part of the third net 13 is embedded and fixed in the third frame 12, and the inner part enters the condensing chamber 12a. The third frame 12 may be formed in a different shape and size using a material different from that of the second frame 5. However, it is desirable that the condensing chamber 12a has the same shape as the second circulation chamber 5a and is disposed so as to face the entire second circulation chamber 5a.

  As is apparent from FIGS. 14 and 15, the drain port 12 b is viewed from the thickness direction of the third frame body 12, that is, when viewed from the opposing direction of the first and second frame bodies 3 and 5. It arrange | positions in the same position as the 1st inflow port 3b and the 2nd outflow port 5c. Accordingly, the drain hole 12b is opened at the center in the width direction of the inner surface of the condensing chamber 13a located on the lower side in FIG. On the other hand, the gas vent 13c is disposed at the same position as the first outlet 3c and the second inlet 5b, and is opened at the center in the width direction of the inner surface of the condensing chamber 13a located on the upper side in FIG. ing.

  As shown in FIGS. 10, 11, and 13, a fifth port P <b> 5 is provided at the center in the width direction of the lower surface of the third frame 12 in FIG. 10. The fifth port P5 is communicated with the water drain port 12b through a water discharge hole 12d provided at the lower end of the third frame body 12. A sixth port P6 is provided in the center of the upper surface of the second frame 12 in the width direction. The sixth port P6 is communicated with the gas vent 12c through a gas discharge hole 12e provided at the upper end of the third frame 12.

  In the membrane distillation apparatus 1B having the above configuration, water vapor generated from the high temperature seawater passes through the distillation membrane 4 (4 ') and flows into the condensation chamber 13a while the high temperature seawater flows through the first circulation chamber 3a. The water vapor that has flowed into the third circulation chamber 13a is cooled by the fresh water flowing through the second circulation chamber 5a to become liquid water. This water passes through the drain port 13b and the water discharge hole 13d, and is taken out as fresh water from the fifth port P5 to the outside. The gas that is generated from the high-temperature seawater and is not condensed by the gas that has passed through the upstream membrane 4 (4 ′) passes through the gas vent 13c and the gas discharge hole 13e and is discharged to the outside through the sixth port. As is clear from this, water vapor does not enter the second circulation chamber 5a, and fresh water produced by condensing the water vapor does not enter. Therefore, it is not always necessary to flow fresh water into the second circulation chamber 5a, and low-temperature seawater may be flowed.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be adopted without departing from the scope of the invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the upper plate 2, the lower plate 6 and each member disposed between them are set as one block, and the block is used as a membrane distillation apparatus. It is good also as a film | membrane distillation apparatus by arranging them all on the right and left and up and down.
In the above embodiment, the distillation membrane 4, 4 'is used as a membrane to produce fresh water from high-temperature seawater (solution). However, when the present invention is used for a heat exchanger, for example, Instead of the distillation membranes 4 and 4 ', an impermeable membrane having excellent thermal conductivity is used as the membrane body.

  The present invention can be used in various membrane reaction apparatuses such as a membrane distillation apparatus, a heat exchanger, and an electrodialysis apparatus.

1 Membrane distillation device (membrane reaction device)
1A Membrane Distiller (Membrane Reactor)
1B Membrane Distillation Device (Membrane Reaction Device)
3 Upper first frame (first frame)
3 'lower first frame (first frame)
3a 1st circulation chamber 3b 1st inflow port 3c 1st outflow port 3d 1st inflow passage 3e 1st outflow passage 4 Upper distillation membrane (distillation membrane)
4 'Lower distillation membrane (distillation membrane)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 2nd frame 5a 2nd flow chamber 5b 2nd inflow port 5c 2nd outflow port 5d 2nd inflow passage 5e 2nd outflow passage 9A 1st inflow hole 9B 1st outflow hole 9C 2nd inflow hole 9D 2nd outflow hole

Claims (4)

A first frame having a first flow chamber therein, a film body provided on one surface of the first frame to cover the first flow chamber, and a second frame having a second flow chamber therein. And the first frame body and the second frame body face each other with the film body therebetween so that the first flow chamber and the first flow chamber face each other with the film body therebetween. A first inflow port and a first outflow port that are disposed to face each other and open to an inner surface of the first flow chamber are formed in the first frame body, and the second flow channel has the second flow path. A second inlet and a second outlet are formed in the inner surface of the chamber, respectively, and high-temperature fluid flows from the first inlet into the first circulation chamber and passes through the first circulation chamber. A low temperature fluid flowing out from the outlet and having a temperature lower than that of the high temperature fluid flows into the second circulation chamber from the second inlet, and passes through the second circulation chamber. In the membrane reactor flowing from the second outlet Te,
When the first inlet, the first outlet, the second inlet, and the second outlet are viewed from the opposing direction of the first and second frames, the opening of the first inlet And the opening of the second outlet are located at the same position, and the opening of the first outlet and the opening of the second inlet are located at the same position. A membrane reactor characterized by comprising: The first frame body is formed with a first inflow hole and a first outflow hole extending from the other surface located opposite to the one surface on which the film body is provided to the one surface. ,
The second frame body has a second inflow hole and a second outflow hole that penetrate the first frame body from the other surface toward the one surface and reach the inside of the second frame body. And
The first inlet hole, the first outlet hole, the second inlet hole, and the second inlet hole are spaced apart from each other, and the first inlet, the first outlet, the second inlet, and the second inlet It is arranged so as to be separated from both of the two outlets,
The first inflow hole and the first inflow port are communicated by a first inflow passage, the first outflow hole and the first outflow port are communicated by a first outflow passage,
The second inflow hole and the second inflow port are communicated by a second inflow passage, and the second outflow hole and the second outflow port are in communication by a second outflow passage. 2. The membrane reaction apparatus according to 1. The first circulation chamber and the second circulation chamber are formed into rectangles having the same shape and the same dimensions as each other when viewed from the opposing direction of the first frame body and the second frame body. , Arranged in the same position at the same position,
The first inflow port and the first outflow port are respectively opened at the center in the width direction of two inner surfaces located at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the four inner surfaces of the first flow chamber;
The second inflow port and the second outflow port are respectively opened at the center in the width direction of two inner surfaces located at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the four inner surfaces of the second circulation chamber. The membrane reaction apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the apparatus is a membrane reaction apparatus. In the membrane reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The high-temperature fluid is a high-temperature solution using water as a solvent, and the membrane body is a distillation membrane that allows permeation of water vapor in the high-temperature solution and prevents permeation of other components of the high-temperature solution, A membrane distillation apparatus, wherein water vapor that has passed through a distillation membrane is cooled by the cooling fluid into liquid water.