JP2011109762A - Unipolar motor - Google Patents

Abstract

[Object] To provide a single pole motor in which a Lorentz force in only one direction is generated in a coil so that a rotor is rotated by the Lorentz force.
A coil 12b is divided and wound between projections 12a1 formed at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction of an annular magnetic material 12a in a stator 12, and a permanent magnet 14a of a rotor 14 is wound around the outer periphery of the coil 12b. By making them approach, the magnetic flux emitted from the permanent magnet 14a is passed through the coil 12b from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side of the coil 12b, while the magnetic flux reaching the central part of the coil is passed through the magnetic material 12a1 having protrusions. The coil 12b is configured to be guided from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side without passing through the coil 12b.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a single pole motor.

  A single-pole motor refers to an electric motor that obtains a rotational force using a Lorentz force generated when a current is passed across a magnetic flux.

  As a conventional single pole motor, one described in Patent Document 1 below is known. In the single-pole motor described in Patent Document 1 below, by energizing a copper wire (10) attached in a predetermined direction to the surface of an annular disk (9) fixed perpendicular to the magnetic path. A Lorentz force is generated in the copper wire, and the rotor yoke (2, 3) close to the disk is rotated by the reaction force.

JP-A-7-264836

  However, in the single-pole motor described in Patent Document 1, while it is necessary to adopt a configuration in which a copper wire is attached to the surface of the disk, the surface of the disk is limited, so the Lorentz force obtained from the configuration Was extremely small. That is, since it is not possible to adopt a configuration in which a copper wire is wound around a disk in a coil shape, a large Lorentz force cannot be generated, and a large rotational force cannot be generated as a motor.

  By the way, when a coil is formed by winding a copper wire around a stator or rotor in a general single pole motor, as shown in FIG. 6, a Lorentz force (indicated by F1 in the figure) that generates a rotational force on the coil. ) And a Lorentz force (indicated by F2 in the figure) that generates a braking force in the opposite direction, and they cancel each other, so that the rotor does not rotate or the rotational force becomes poor eventually. was there.

  Further, since the coil made of copper wire has a magnetic shielding characteristic, the magnetic path is formed so as to avoid the coil. As a result, the Lorentz force does not occur in the first place and the rotor does not rotate.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems and to provide a single-pole motor in which a rotor is rotated by the Lorentz force by generating a Lorentz force in only one direction in a coil.

  In order to achieve the above object, the single-pole motor according to claim 1 has a magnetic material having an annular shape and a plurality of protrusions formed at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction, and the magnetic material. A stator having a plurality of coils wound respectively between a plurality of protrusions of the material, and a permanent magnet provided at a position facing the stator and positioned near the outer periphery of the coil. And a rotor that rotates relative to the stator by Lorentz force generated when the coil is energized.

  In the single-pole motor according to claim 2, the permanent magnet is arranged so that one of the magnetic poles approaches the outer peripheral portion of the coil.

  In the single-pole motor according to claim 3, the permanent magnet is arranged at a position close to the outer peripheral portion of the coil in the radial direction of the magnetic material.

  In the single-pole motor according to claim 4, the permanent magnet is arranged at a position close to the outer peripheral portion of the coil in the axial direction of the magnetic material.

  In the single-pole motor according to claim 5, two of the permanent magnets are arranged at positions close to the outer peripheral portion of the coil on the opposite side of the magnetic material in the axial direction of the magnetic material. It was configured as follows.

  In the single pole motor according to claim 1, each of the magnetic material having an annular shape and having a plurality of protrusions formed at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction is provided between the plurality of protrusions of the magnetic material. The stator includes a plurality of coils that are wound, and a rotor that is provided at a position facing the stator and has a permanent magnet disposed at a position close to the outer periphery of the coil. Since the coil is divided and wound between protrusions formed at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction of the annular magnetic material, the permanent magnet of the rotor is configured to approach the outer periphery of the coil. While allowing the magnetic flux to pass through the coil from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side of the coil, the magnetic flux reaching the center of the coil is not passed through the coil through the magnetic material having the protrusions. Can be derived from the side to the outer peripheral side, depending on the coil when energized to the coil can be generated Lorentz force in only one direction, it is possible to rotate the rotor by the Lorentz force. In addition, since the coil is formed in the single pole motor, the generated Lorentz force can be increased. Thereby, the rotational force of a single pole motor can be increased.

  In the single pole motor according to claim 2, since the permanent magnet is arranged so that one of the magnetic poles approaches the outer periphery of the coil, the magnetic flux emitted from the permanent magnet is efficiently passed through the coil. The generated Lorentz force can be further increased. Thereby, the rotational force of a single pole motor can be increased further.

  In the single pole motor according to claim 3, since the permanent magnet is arranged at a position close to the outer peripheral portion of the coil in the radial direction of the magnetic material, for example, the axial length of the annular magnetic material is set. The coil is wound at an increased height, and the permanent magnet is also extended in the axial direction accordingly, so that the magnetic flux passing through the coil can be increased, and the generated Lorentz force can be further increased. . Thereby, the rotational force of a single pole motor can be increased further.

  In the single pole motor according to claim 4, since the permanent magnet is arranged at a position close to the outer peripheral portion of the coil in the axial direction of the magnetic material, for example, the radial length of the annular magnetic material. The coil is wound at an increased height, and the permanent magnet is extended in the radial direction accordingly, so that the magnetic flux passing through the coil can be increased, and the generated Lorentz force can be further increased. . Thereby, the rotational force of a single pole motor can be increased further.

  In the single-pole motor according to claim 5, the permanent magnet is configured so that two permanent magnets are arranged at positions close to the outer peripheral portion of the coil on the opposite side of the magnetic material in the axial direction of the magnetic material. The magnetic flux that passes through can be increased, and the generated Lorentz force can be further increased. Thereby, the rotational force of a single pole motor can be further increased.

1 is an exploded perspective view of a single pole motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional perspective view of the single pole motor shown in FIG. It is a cross-sectional perspective view of the single pole motor shown in FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional perspective view of the single pole motor which concerns on 2nd Example of this invention. It is a cross-sectional perspective view of the single pole motor shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing explaining the problem at the time of forming a coil in a common single pole motor.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments for implementing a single-pole motor according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a single pole motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional perspective view of the single-pole motor, and FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional perspective view.

  In the figure, reference numeral 10 denotes a single pole motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention. A single-pole motor means an electric motor that obtains a rotational force by using a Lorentz force generated when a current is passed across a magnetic flux. The single pole motor 10 includes a stator 12 and a rotor 14.

  The stator 12 is formed by winding 18 coils 12b around a magnetic material 12a having a cylindrical shape (annular shape). Specifically, the magnetic material 12a has a radial direction β (direction indicated by arrow β in FIG. 1) and an axis at predetermined intervals (every 20 °) in the circumferential direction α (direction indicated by arrow α in FIG. 1). Eighteen projections 12a1 extending in the direction γ (the direction indicated by the arrow γ in FIG. 1) are formed, and coils 12b are wound between the projections 12a1 to form the stator 12. Specifically, the magnetic material 12a is made of a high permeability material such as an iron material.

  Each coil 12b is formed by winding a copper wire around the radial direction β and the axial direction γ of the magnetic material 12a. Adjacent coils 12b are connected to each other via a crossover (not shown). All the coils 12b are wound in the same direction. Therefore, when a DC power source is connected to the coil 12b and energized, current in the same direction is generated in each coil 12b.

  The stator 12 is provided with two annular stator yokes 12c arranged so as to sandwich the magnetic material 12a in the axial direction γ of the magnetic material 12a.

  The rotor 14 includes a permanent magnet 14a and a rotor yoke 14b, and is disposed in the ring of the magnetic material 12a of the stator 12. The rotor yoke 14b has a substantially cylindrical shape, and a central portion is reduced in diameter on the outer peripheral surface, and a cylindrical permanent magnet 14a is fitted into the reduced diameter portion. The permanent magnet 14a has N and S poles in the radial direction β. The permanent magnet 14a is disposed so that the N pole side is close to the outer peripheral portion of the coil 12b of the stator 12, and the S pole side is fitted into the rotor yoke 14b. That is, the permanent magnet 14a is provided at a position close to the outer peripheral portion of the coil 102b of the stator 102 in the radial direction β of the magnetic material 12a.

  The rotor 14 includes a shaft 14c that is inserted through the hole of the rotor yoke 14b. The rotor yoke 14b and the shaft 14c are also made of iron material.

  The stator 12 and the rotor 14 are accommodated in a motor housing 16 (not shown in FIGS. 2 and 3). The stator 12 is fixed to the inner wall of the motor housing 16. A slight gap is provided between the outer periphery of the rotor 14 and the inner periphery of the stator 12, and the rotor 14 is supported by a bearing 18 so as to be rotatable in the circumferential direction α.

  The magnetic path of the permanent magnet 14a formed in the arrangement relationship of each member described above will be described (the magnetic flux is indicated by an arrow B in FIGS. 2 and 3). The magnetic flux emitted from the N pole of the permanent magnet 14a is positioned in the immediate vicinity thereof. Passes through the inside of the coil 12b to reach the center of the coil 12b, that is, the magnetic material 12a around which the coil 12b is wound. The magnetic flux reaching the coil central portion proceeds from the coil central portion to the projection 12a1 to be disposed between the coils 12b, and the magnetic flux reaching the projection 12a1 is within the projection 12a1 and the stator yoke 12c following the projection 12a1. Passes through the rotor yoke 14b adjacent to the stator yoke 12c and returns to the S pole of the permanent magnet 14a.

  That is, a magnetic path is formed so that the magnetic flux extends from the N pole to the S pole through the coil 12b, the coil central portion (magnetic material 12a), the protrusion 12a1, the stator yoke 12c, and the rotor yoke 14b.

  The coil 12b formed by winding the copper wire has a magnetic shielding characteristic. However, since the pole (N pole) of the permanent magnet 14a is disposed at a position close to the outer periphery of the coil 12b as described above, the magnetic flux is generated from the coil 12b. Passes through the coil 12b from the outer peripheral side toward the inner peripheral side. On the other hand, since the magnetic flux reaching the center of the coil returns to the other pole (S pole) through the magnetic material 12a, the magnetic flux does not pass through the coil 12b from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side of the coil 12b.

  When the current I flows through the coil 12b in the direction shown in FIG. 2 (indicated by the arrow I) with respect to the magnetic path thus formed, the Lorentz force F is applied to the coil 12b in the direction shown by the arrow F (indicated by the arrow F). In other words, it occurs only in one direction in the circumferential direction α. The Lorentz force F only in the same direction is generated in the other coils 12b.

Specifically, the Lorentz force F generated in the single pole motor 10 is given by the following equation. In the formula, B represents the magnetic flux density, I represents the current, n represents the number of coil turns, and l represents the coil length of the portion through which the magnetic flux passes.
F = B × I × n × l (Formula 1)

  That is, since the coil 12b is formed in the single pole motor 10, the Lorentz force F can be increased by increasing the number of turns n of the coil. Further, the coil length l of the portion through which the magnetic flux passes is obtained by increasing the length of the magnetic material 12a in the axial direction γ and winding the coil 12b, and accordingly extending the length of the permanent magnet 14a in the axial direction γ. , Can be a large value. Thereby, the Lorentz force F can be increased.

  Since the stator 12 including the coil 12b is fixed to the motor housing 16, the rotor 14 rotates in the circumferential direction α by the reaction force of the Lorentz force generated in the coil 12b.

  As described above, in the single-pole motor according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic material 12a having an annular shape and having a plurality of protrusions 12a1 formed at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction α is provided. The stator 12 includes a plurality of coils 12b wound between the plurality of protrusions 12a1 of the magnetic material 12a, and is provided at a position facing the stator 12 and at a position close to the outer periphery of the coil 12b. And the rotor 14 having the permanent magnet 14a, that is, the coil 12b is divided between the projections 12a1 formed at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction α of the annular magnetic material 12a in the stator 12. Since the permanent magnet 14a of the rotor 14 is configured to approach the outer periphery of the coil 12b, the magnetic flux emitted from the permanent magnet 14a is transferred to the outside of the coil 12b. While passing through the coil 12b from the circumferential side toward the inner circumferential side, the magnetic flux reaching the central part of the coil is passed from the inner circumferential side of the coil 12b without passing through the coil 12b via the magnetic material 12a1 having the protrusions. Therefore, when the coil 12b is energized, a Lorentz force F in only one direction can be generated in the coil 12b, and the rotor 14 can be rotated by the Lorentz force F. In addition, since the coil 12b is formed in the single pole motor 10, the generated Lorentz force F can be increased. Thereby, the rotational force of the single pole motor 10 can be increased.

  Further, since the permanent magnet 14a is arranged so that one of the magnetic poles (N pole) approaches the outer periphery of the coil 12b, the magnetic flux emitted from the permanent magnet 14a can be efficiently passed through the coil 12b. And the generated Lorentz force F can be further increased. Thereby, the rotational force of the single pole motor 10 can be further increased.

  Further, since the permanent magnet 14a is arranged at a position close to the outer periphery of the coil 12b in the radial direction of the magnetic material 12a, for example, the length of the annular magnetic material 12a in the axial direction γ is increased to increase the coil By winding 12b and extending the permanent magnet 14a with respect to the axial direction γ, the magnetic flux passing through the coil 102b can be increased, and the generated Lorentz force F can be further increased. Thereby, the rotational force of the single pole motor 100 can be further increased.

  4 is a longitudinal sectional perspective view of a single pole motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a transverse sectional perspective view.

  In the figure, reference numeral 100 denotes a single pole motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The single-pole motor 100 according to the second embodiment increases the length in the radial direction β while reducing the length in the axial direction γ of the annular magnetic material on the stator side as compared with that in the first embodiment. In addition, two rotors are arranged so as to sandwich the stator in the axial direction γ of the magnetic material.

  More specifically, the single-pole motor 100 according to the second embodiment includes a stator 102 and two rotors 104.

  The stator 102 is formed by winding 20 coils 102b around a flat annular magnetic material 102a. Specifically, the magnetic material 102a extends in the axial direction γ (direction indicated by arrow γ in FIG. 4) at a predetermined interval (every 18 °) in the circumferential direction α (direction indicated by arrow α in FIG. 4). 20 projections 102a1 are formed, and coils 102b are wound between the projections 102a1 to form the stator 102.

  Each coil 102b is formed by winding a copper wire in the radial direction β (direction indicated by arrow β in FIG. 4) and the axial direction γ of the magnetic material 102a. Adjacent coils 102b are connected to each other via a crossover (not shown). All the coils 102b are wound in the same direction. Therefore, when a DC power source is connected to the coil 102b and energized, current in the same direction is generated in each coil 102b.

  The rotor 104 includes a permanent magnet 104a and a rotor yoke 104b, and two rotors 104 are disposed at positions facing the stator 102 with the stator 102 interposed therebetween. Both the permanent magnet 104a and the rotor yoke 104b have an annular shape, and both are bonded to each other in the axial direction γ. Specifically, the length in the radial direction β of the permanent magnet 104a is shorter than that of the rotor yoke 104b, and the permanent magnet 104a is attached to the stator side on the inner diameter side of the yoke 104b.

  More specifically, the permanent magnet 104a has an N pole and an S pole in the axial direction γ, and is disposed so that the N pole side is close to a part of the outer periphery of the coil 102b of the stator 102, and the S pole side is Affixed to the yoke 104b. That is, two permanent magnets 104a are provided at positions close to the outer peripheral portion of the coil 102b so as to face each other in the axial direction γ of the magnetic material 102a. The rotor yoke 104b is also made of iron material.

  The stator 12 is fixed to a motor housing (not shown). The rotor 14 is disposed in the motor housing with a slight gap from the stator 12 and is supported rotatably in the circumferential direction α via a shaft member 104c connected to each rotor and a bearing 106.

  The magnetic path of the permanent magnet 104a formed in the arrangement relationship of each member described above will be described (the magnetic flux is indicated by an arrow B in FIGS. 4 and 5). The magnetic flux emitted from the N pole of the permanent magnet 104a is positioned in the immediate vicinity thereof. Passes through the inside of the coil 102b, and reaches the central portion of the coil 102b, that is, the magnetic material 102a around which the coil 102b is wound. The magnetic flux that has reached the center of the coil proceeds in the direction of the projection 102a1 that is to be disposed between the coil 102a and the coil 102a, and the magnetic flux that has reached the projection 102a1 passes through the projection 102a1 and approaches the projection 102a1. It returns to the south pole through the rotor yoke 104b.

  That is, a magnetic path is formed so that the magnetic flux extends from the N pole to the S pole through the coil 102b, the coil central portion (magnetic material 102a), the protrusion 102a1, and the yoke 104b.

  Even in the single-pole motor 100 according to the second embodiment, since the pole (N pole) of the permanent magnet 104a is disposed at a position close to the outer periphery of the coil 102b as described above, the magnetic flux is on the outer peripheral side of the coil 102b. Passes through the coil 102b toward the inner peripheral side. On the other hand, the magnetic flux reaching the central portion of the coil returns to the other pole (S pole) through the magnetic material 102a, so that the magnetic flux does not pass through the coil 102b from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side of the coil 102b.

  When a current I flows through the coil 102b in the direction shown in FIG. 4 (shown by an arrow I) with respect to the magnetic path formed in this way, a Lorentz force F is applied to the coil 102b in the direction shown by the arrow F (arrow F). In other words, it occurs only in one direction in the circumferential direction α. A similar Lorentz force F is also generated in the other coil 102b.

  The Lorentz force F generated in the single pole motor 100 is also given by the equation (1) described in the first embodiment. That is, since the coil 102b is formed in the single pole motor 100, the Lorentz force F can be increased by increasing the number of turns n of the coil. The coil length l of the portion through which the magnetic flux passes is increased by increasing the length of the magnetic material 102a in the radial direction β, winding the coil 102b, and extending the length of the permanent magnet 104a in the radial direction β accordingly. , Can be a large value. Thereby, the Lorentz force F can be increased.

  Since the stator 102 including the coil 102b is fixed to the motor housing, the rotor 104 rotates in the circumferential direction α by the reaction force of the Lorentz force F generated in the coil 102b.

  As described above, even in the single-pole motor 100 according to the second embodiment, similar to the first embodiment, the protrusions formed at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction α of the annular magnetic material 102a in the stator 102. Since the coil 102b is divided and wound between 102a1 and the permanent magnet 104a of the rotor 104 is configured to approach the outer periphery of the coil 102b, the magnetic flux emitted from the permanent magnet 104a is changed from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side of the coil 102b. While passing through the coil 102b, the magnetic flux reaching the center of the coil can be guided from the inner peripheral side of the coil 102b to the outer peripheral side without passing through the coil 102b through the magnetic material 102a having the protrusions. Therefore, the same effect as described in the first embodiment can be obtained.

  Further, since the permanent magnet 104a is arranged so that one of the magnetic poles (N pole) approaches the outer peripheral portion of the coil 102b, the same effect as described in the first embodiment can be obtained. it can.

  In addition, since the permanent magnet 104a is arranged at a position close to the outer peripheral portion of the coil 102b in the axial direction γ of the magnetic material 102a, for example, the length of the annular magnetic material 102a in the radial direction β is increased. By winding the coil 102b and enlarging the permanent magnet 104a in the radial direction β accordingly, the magnetic flux passing through the coil 102b can be increased, and the generated Lorentz force F can be further increased. . Thereby, the rotational force of the single pole motor 100 can be further increased.

  Further, since the two permanent magnets 104a are arranged at positions close to the outer peripheral portion of the coil 102b on the opposite side of the magnetic material 102a in the axial direction γ of the magnetic material 102a, the magnetic flux passing through the coil 102b is generated. The Lorentz force F generated can be further increased. Thereby, the rotational force of the single pole motor 100 can be further increased.

  As described above, in the first and second embodiments, a plurality of pieces (18 pieces, 20 pieces) are formed at a predetermined interval (20 °, 18 °) in the circumferential direction (α) while exhibiting an annular shape. ) Projections (12a1, 102a1) formed with magnetic materials (12a, 102a) and a plurality (18, 20) of coils (12b) wound between the magnetic material projections. , 102b) and a rotor (14, 102a) provided with a permanent magnet (14a, 104a) provided at a position facing the stator and positioned near the outer periphery of the coil. 104), and the rotor is rotated relative to the stator by Lorentz force (F) generated when the coil is energized.

  The permanent magnets (14a, 104a) are arranged so that one of the magnetic poles (N pole) approaches the outer periphery of the coil.

  In the first embodiment, the permanent magnet (14a) is arranged at a position close to the outer peripheral portion of the coil in the radial direction (β) of the magnetic material.

  In the second embodiment, the permanent magnet (104a) is arranged at a position close to the outer periphery of the coil in the axial direction (γ) of the magnetic material.

  The two permanent magnets (104a) are arranged at positions close to the outer peripheral portion of the coil on the opposite side of the magnetic material in the axial direction (γ) of the magnetic material.

  In the first embodiment, the protrusion provided on the magnetic material is extended in the radial direction β and the axial direction γ so that the coil can be easily wound. However, the protrusion is extended in either direction. You may make it let it. Or it is good also as a cube-shaped protrusion, without extending. That is, in any case, the magnetic path may be formed through the protrusion.

  Further, the number of protrusions and coils is not limited to the number described above.

  Further, although the coil is arranged on the stator side and the permanent magnet is arranged on the rotor side, the coil may be arranged on the rotor side and the permanent magnet may be arranged on the stator side.

  10, 100: single pole motor, 12, 102: stator, 12a, 102a: annular magnetic material, 12b, 102b: coil, 12a1, 102a1: protrusion, 14, 104: rotor, 14a, 104a: permanent magnet

Claims (5)

a. A magnetic material having an annular shape and having a plurality of protrusions formed at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction; and a stator including a plurality of coils wound around the plurality of protrusions of the magnetic material, respectively. ,
b. A rotor having a permanent magnet provided at a position facing the stator and disposed at a position close to the outer peripheral portion of the coil;
And the rotor is rotated relative to the stator by a Lorentz force generated when the coil is energized.   The single-pole motor according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet is disposed such that one of the magnetic poles approaches an outer peripheral portion of the coil.   The single-pole motor according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet is disposed at a position close to an outer peripheral portion of the coil in a radial direction of the magnetic material.   The single-pole motor according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet is disposed at a position close to an outer peripheral portion of the coil in an axial direction of the magnetic material. 3. The single-pole motor according to claim 1, wherein two of the permanent magnets are arranged at positions close to the outer peripheral portion of the coil on the opposite side of the magnetic material in the axial direction of the magnetic material. .