JP2010510308A - 癌を治療するためのキラヤサポニンを含む脂質含有粒子の使用 - Google Patents
癌を治療するためのキラヤサポニンを含む脂質含有粒子の使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、癌治療用の医薬を製造するための、少なくとも1の脂質および少なくとも1のサポニンを含む脂質含有粒子、例えば、リポソーム、イスコムおよび/またはイスコムマトリックス、およびポシントロスの使用に関する。
リポソーム
イスコムおよびイスコムマトリックス
Posintros(ポシントロス)
Posintrosは、WO特許出願No.WO 2002/080981およびWO 2004/030696に記載されている。
脂質
サポニン
(I) より疎水性の分画は、4位に脂肪酸アシル鎖を有する。これらサポニン分画は細胞膜に小さな約12nmの穴を作ることにより強い溶解作用を示す。そのようなサポニン分画は、遊離形で不可逆的に細胞を殺すが、本発明に記載の、および中等度の濃度(Ronnberg、Fekadu et al. 1997)の微粒子形の統合抗原を有する免疫刺激複合体(ISCOM)、または統合抗原を持たない同様の粒子、すなわちイスコムマトリックスでは必ずしもそうではない。
(II) より親水性のキラヤサポニンは、細胞溶解作用を示す前に10倍またはそれ以上の高濃度で与えることができる。微粒子形ではこれらのサポニン分画は、細胞毒性作用またはin vivo毒性作用が実質的にない。
脂質含有粒子中の抗原
アジュバント
がある。
抗癌剤
脂質含有粒子のための標的化分子
他の添加剤
医薬品形態
部分のキット
治療方法
QHA分画がQHCに存在するアシル鎖を欠くことを示すキラヤサポニンの構造を図1.1に示す。KGI 1粒子は、図1.2に示す右領域のQHCに基づく。このサポニン分画は、図1.2に示す逆クロマトグラフィの右領域のBBE中の塩基性サポニンであるQHAよりも疎水性および溶解性である。
結 果
結 論
サポニンは、細胞溶解作用を有することがよく知られているので、癌治療の候補薬として試験されている(Wang, Z.P. 2005)。HPLCによる分画化後のキラヤサポニンパターンを図1.1に示す。本発明において、製剤KGI 1、2、および3粒子に用いるQHCは、脂肪アシル鎖により高溶解性である(図2.1)。反対に、製剤BBE、KGI 2、および3粒子に用いるQHAは、脂肪アシル鎖を欠くので、実質的に非溶解性である。RBCを用いて、分光光度法により容易に測定されるヘモグロビンのサスペンジョン液中への漏出をもたらす損傷を引き起こすその細胞膜に対する物質の溶解作用を測定する(「材料と方法」参照)。該方法は、好感度で再現性がある。有核細胞の細胞膜に対する物質の溶解作用は種々の方法で試験する必要がある。本発明者らはトリパンブルー染色を用いた。遊離KGIは、サポニンの特性を有し、細胞膜中のコレステロールと相互作用することにより溶解し、6nmの6角微細孔を生じる。色素は細胞膜のこの微細孔を通して損傷細胞に入る。この微細孔は、瞬時に細胞溶解を生じ、有核細胞を殺すであろう。すなわち、溶解濃度の遊離サポニンは、数分以内で速やかな細胞死をもたらし、例えば10分間で、数時間または数日を必要とする他の細胞殺滅メカニズム、例えばアポトーシスの溶解作用を描出する。微粒子KGIにおいて、サポニンはコレステロールと強く結合し、KGI中のサポニンが細胞膜のコレステロールと相互作用するのを抑制し、微細孔の形成および溶解作用を抑制する。
結 果
本実施例は、KGI 1粒子が正常細胞より腫瘍細胞を選択的に殺す(アラマーブルー法で測定した)ことを証明する。悪性単芽球細胞系(U937)を、正常細胞、すなわち単球由来樹状細胞(DC)と比較するための腫瘍細胞に選んだ(「材料と方法」参照)。KGI 1中の活性サポニン成分は、Quillaja Saponaria Molinaに由来する市販Quill Aから単離したQHC(遊離KGI 1)である。図3.1(Quill AのHPLCクロマトグラム)に示すように、遊離KGI、すなわち分画QHCは、分画QHA、すなわち遊離BBEと比べて疎水性が高い。QHCは、GHAのアシル鎖を欠くことによりGHAと異なり、これはQHCのより高い疎水性とその溶解作用を説明する(図3.2)。
結 果
逆相ダイアグラム由来の比較的親水性の分画QHA(遊離BBE)(図1.1および1.2)をBBE粒子に組み込み、癌細胞または正常細胞に対する殺滅作用を試験し、無毒性であることがわかった(図4.1および4.2)。
結 果
考察と結論
本実施例は、BBEがKGI 1の殺滅作用を阻害することを示す。最も顕著な違いは、KGI 1中のサポニンは、アシル鎖を有するが、BBE中のサポニンは該鎖を欠く(より詳細には実施例1、2、および4参照)。
結 果
考察と結論
実施例5は、別個のBBE粒子中の活性物質QHAは、別の活性サポニン、すなわちGHCを含むKGI 1の細胞毒性作用を阻害することを示す。この阻害効果は、1またはそれ以上のレセプターを介する阻害によるようである。
結 果
考察と結論
微粒子形のKGI中のキラヤサポニンは、正常細胞より30〜40倍低い濃度で癌細胞を殺す(実施例3)。本実施例では、癌細胞死を、「材料と方法」に詳述したトリパンブルー染色、アラマーブルー法による酵素代謝阻害、プロピジウムアイオダイド染色により可視化した壊死変化、およびアネキシンV染色によるアポトーシスを含む種々の方法で分析した。処置した細胞のトリパンブルー染色は細胞数を確認するのに有益であり、生存性を9日間まで測定した(図7.1、7.2)。低用量のKGI 1(2μg/ml)では、より長い期間後に癌細胞死を生じたが、高用量(25μg/ml)では短期間内に死をもたらし(図7.3)、より速やかなアポトーシスを引き起こした(図7.6)。本実施例では、トリパンブルー法により測定した細胞死は、細胞が細胞周期から抜け出した後のプログラムされた細胞死、すなわちアポトーシスと相関した。細胞周期は、細胞複製の基礎であり、癌細胞では、連続的複製のために細胞周期に留まることが重要である。該周期から抜け出すことは、細胞が産生、この場合はサイトカイン産生(実施例10)に向かって活性化を開始し、最終的に本実施例で示されたプログラムされた細胞死に進みうることを意味する。本発明者らはチミジンキナーゼ(TK)試験を用いて、処置細胞が複製期、すなわち細胞周期にあるか、または該周期から抜け出し(実施例9)、産生能力および最終的にアポトーシスをもたらす経路に入ったか否かを示した。
結 果
考察と結論
癌治療に用いる薬剤は、初期によい効果があることがあるが、連続治療後に癌細胞殺滅作用が取り消されることがあり、細胞は無制御な複製を始める。すなわち、処置した癌細胞は無制御な複製に戻らないことが必須である。実施例7は、KGI 1がアポトーシスのメカニズムを含めて癌細胞を殺すことを示す。本実施例は、KGI 1で処置したU937癌細胞の持続的培養後、より重要なことは低生理学的用量での断続処置後に癌細胞は複製に戻らないことを示す。
結 果
考察と結論
実施例7は、KGI 1がアポトーシスのプロセスを含み癌細胞を殺すことを示し、実施例8は、癌細胞の殺滅が不可逆的であることを示す。実施例10は、KGI 1が、他の薬剤では必要とするホルボール-12-ミレステート-13-アセテート(PMA)のような細胞活性化または分化剤を加えることなくU937細胞が産生期に入るのを誘導することを示す(Baldridge, Cluff et al. 2002)。細胞周期は細胞の複製に影響する(図9.1)。該周期の初期であるS期に娘細胞のDNAが構築される。DNA構築ブロックの1つにヌクレオチドチミジンがある。チミジンは、そのリン酸化に酵素チミジンキナーゼ(TK)を必要とする。すなわち、この酵素は、S期に先立って利用可能でなければならない。ここでは、TK活性を用いて、KGI 1がU937細胞の細胞周期に影響を及ぼすか、KGI 1処置細胞が該周期に留まるかまたは該周期から抜け出すかを検討した。本実施例では、細胞周期中のKGI 1処置細胞の持続性を、経時的にTK活性を検出し、TK活性と癌細胞代謝の阻害(アラマーブルー試験により記録)、殺滅(トリパンブルー排除染色により測定)、および(考察では)アポトーシスを関連づけることにより分析した。非処置細胞の細胞代謝、複製、およびTK活性を用いて該周期に残っている癌細胞を記録した。
結 果
考察と結論
リポ多糖(LPS)化合物は、KGI 1の用量を超える用量を用いてU937細胞のサイトカイン産生(IL-8)を刺激することが示された。別の実験では、Baldridgeら(Baldridge, Cluff et al. 2002)は、アミノアシルグルコサミニド 4-ホスフェート(APG)がサイトカイン産生で測定したU937細胞に対するそのような刺激作用を有することをクレームした。しかしながら、その能力を達成するには、培養をホルボール-12-ミレステート-13-アセテート(PMA)で前処置して分化および活性化を促進する必要があった。本実施例は、KGI 1、2、および3が、サイトカイン産生期に入るためにさらなる活性化−分化用化合物を必要とせず、必要なKGI用量は低いことを示す。さらに、実施例7および9は、KGI 1が、U937癌細胞を、KGI 1で処置しない限り閉じこめられる細胞複製周期から抜け出させることを示す。実施例7および9は、KGI 1がU937細胞をアポトーシスにすることも示す。アポトーシスは、正常細胞がその仕事、例えばサイトカインの産生が尽きた時の最終段階である。本実施例では、U937細胞にサイトカインIL-8の産生を誘導する3つのKGI製剤、すなわちKGI 1、2、および3の能力を試験する。
結 果
考察と結論
癌治療を意図する薬剤は、その大部分が、癌治療に可能性がある化合物が臨床試験に進行しないかまたは市販されるようにならない最も一般的な原因であるバイオアベイラビリティの低さと共に副作用を生じる。キラヤサポニンは動物に遊離形で50年間以上用いられてきた。腫脹、発赤、および圧痛(壊死も)の形の局所反応が副作用として現れ、用量を制限することはよく知られている。その種の副作用は、QHCをイスコムおよびイスコムマトリックス製剤に組み込んだ後は同様の用量を用いても記録されなかった。10μgの遊離QHCは、マウスに筋肉内注射すると局所反応を誘導するが、イスコムまたはKGI製剤中に組み込まれたものは誘導しない。遊離サポニンはコレステロールと相互作用して、イスコムおよびKGI製剤中に組み込まれたサポニンと結合するコレステロールの阻害作用により避けられる細胞膜の損傷を生じることも良く認識されている。本実施例では、KGI 1およびBBEの全身毒性をBALB/cマウスで試験した。急性毒性は、「材料と方法」に記載のごとくBALB/cマウスにKGI 1およびBBEを皮下投与後に試験した。マウスを4日間記録した。試験結果を表11.1にまとめ、不活発度のスコアを表11.2に示す。
考察と結論
ヒト腫瘍細胞系パネル
蛍光分析的微量培養細胞毒性アッセイ(FMCA)
FMCA成績の定量
結 果
・KGI 1は、リンパ肉腫、ミエローマ、および小肺癌細胞H69ARの回避突然変異体を含む11種の被検細胞中7種に殺滅または成長阻害作用を有した。
・BBEは、上記モデルで使用したU937細胞および試験した正常細胞に実質的に無毒性である。予期しないことに、BBEは、2細胞、すなわちBBE耐性U937/GTB由来の回避であるU937/vcrに対して殺滅的/成長阻害的であった。より注目に値するのは、ACHN細胞は、KGI 1に耐性であったが、BBE、ならびにBBEの活性成分であるGHAも含むKGI 2に感受性であった。
・KGI 3は、11種の試験細胞中6種に殺滅または成長阻害作用を有した。白血病細胞がKGI 3製剤に最も感受性であった。KGI 2と共に、KGI 3は、乳癌HELA細胞に対する効果があった唯一の被検製剤であり、他の製剤に耐性であるときにも強い効果がみられた。
・KGI 2は、11種の試験した細胞中5種に殺滅または成長阻害作用を有した。KGI 3と共に、KGI 2は、乳癌HELA細胞に効果(強い効果)があった唯一の製剤であった。
・BBE/KGI 1は、11種の試験細胞中5種に殺滅または成長阻害作用を有した。KGI 1に耐性であった一次耐性ACHN細胞および耐性ミエローマ細胞8226/dox40に対する強い効果は顕著であり、さらに、これら細胞はKGI 2にも感受性であったが、他の被検製剤には感受性でなかった。
考察と結論
Baldridge, J. R., C. W. Cluff, et al.(2002). "Immunostimulatory activity of aminoalkyl glucosaminide 4-phosphates(AGPs): induction of protective innate immune responses by RC-524 and RC-529." J Endotoxin Res 8(6): 453-8.
Berendt, M. J. and J. L. Ives(1985). "Developmental status of synthetic immunomodulators." Year Immunol: 193-201.
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Claims (22)
- 癌治療用の医薬を製造するための、少なくとも1の脂質および少なくとも1のサポニンを含む脂質含有粒子の使用。
- サポニンが植物から得られるグリコシドである請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 植物グリコシドが1またはそれ以上の糖部分を有するサポゲニンおよびプロサポゲニンから選ばれる請求項2記載の使用。
- 該グリコシドがQuillaja Saponaria Molina由来の粗サポニン分画またはその亜分画である請求項3記載の使用。
- サポニンが、Quillaja Saponaria Molinaの分画A、分画B、分画C、分画QA 1〜22、Spicoside(スピコシド)、およびQ VACから選ばれる請求項4記載の使用。
- サポニン分画が、親水性の、例えば、脂肪酸を含まない分画、例えば分画A、Quil 4-15であり、抗体産生および細胞介在性免疫のような免疫反応を刺激および調節するものである請求項2〜5のいずれかに記載の使用。
- サポニン分画が、疎水性の、例えばサポニンの4位に脂肪酸を含む分画、例えばQuil Aの分画CおよびB、または分画AとBの間の領域由来の分画、Quillaja Saponaria Molinaの分画QA15〜21であり、癌細胞の殺滅作用を有するものである請求項2〜5のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 脂質含有粒子がさらに親水性サポニンを含む請求項7記載の使用。
- 脂質含有粒子が1つおよび同じ脂質含有粒子中に少なくとも2の異なるサポニン分画を含む請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 脂質含有粒子が少なくとも2の異なるサポニン分画を含み、該少なくとも2の異なるサポニン分画の1つが1つの脂質含有粒子中に複合結合しており、該少なくとも2の異なるサポニン分画の他の1つ(他のもの)が別の(他の)物理的に異なる脂質含有粒子中に複合結合している、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 該異なるサポニンが親水性および疎水性サポニンである請求項12または13記載の使用。
- 少なくとも1の親水性サポニン、例えばQuil A由来の分画Aを含む脂質含有粒子の混合物を、相乗的抗癌作用をうるために少なくとも1の疎水性サポニン、例えばQuil A由来の分画Cを含む脂質含有粒子と一緒に用いる請求項11記載の使用。
- 該脂質含有粒子が該粒子に統合され、該粒子と結合し、または該脂質含有粒子と混合された癌抗原を含む請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の使用。
- さらに癌治療用化合物を脂質含有粒子と一緒に用いる請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 該癌治療用化合物が、白金配位化合物、タキサン化合物、カンプトテシン化合物、抗腫瘍ビンカアルカロイド、抗腫瘍ヌクレオシド誘導体、ナイトロジェンマスタードまたはニトロソウレアアルキル化剤、抗腫瘍アントラサイクリン誘導体、トラストズマブおよび抗腫瘍ポドフィロトキシン誘導体、Quila A、ならびにそれらのサブフラグメントから選ばれる請求項14記載の使用。
- さらにアジュバントが該粒子中に統合され、該粒子と結合し、または該脂質含有粒子と混合されている請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 該脂質含有粒子が、癌標的化分子、例えば、癌細胞由来の表面抗原、ウイルス表面抗原、およびインフルエンザ抗原を含む請求項1〜16のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 該粒子がリポソーム、イスコムおよび/またはイスコムマトリックス、およびPosintros(ポシントロス)から選ばれる請求項1〜17のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 少なくとも1のサポニン、少なくとも1の脂質、および少なくとも1種類の抗原物質を含むイスコムを用いる請求項18記載の使用。
- 少なくとも1のサポニンおよび少なくとも1の脂質を含むイスコムマトリックスを用いる請求項18記載の使用。
- 少なくとも1の脂質および少なくとも1のサポニンを含む脂質含有粒子を癌治療を必要とする個体に投与する癌の治療方法。
- 少なくとも2の部分を含む部分のキットであって、1つの部分が、癌細胞の殺滅作用を有する疎水性の少なくとも1のサポニン分画を含む脂質含有粒子を含み、その他の部分が免疫反応、例えば抗体産生および細胞介在性免疫を刺激および調節する親水性の少なくとも1のサポニン分画を有する脂質含有粒子を含むキット。
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| US86644506P | 2006-11-20 | 2006-11-20 | |
| US60/866,445 | 2006-11-20 | ||
| PCT/SE2007/050878 WO2008063129A1 (en) | 2006-11-20 | 2007-11-20 | Use of lipid containing particles comprising quillaja saponins for the treatment of cancer |
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| JP5301455B2 JP5301455B2 (ja) | 2013-09-25 |
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| EP (1) | EP2094278B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5301455B2 (ja) |
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| AU (1) | AU2007322424B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2669209C (ja) |
| DK (1) | DK2094278T3 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2630205T3 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2008063129A1 (ja) |
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| JP2013035820A (ja) * | 2011-05-10 | 2013-02-21 | Maruzen Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Tie2活性化剤、血管新生抑制剤、血管の成熟化剤、血管の正常化剤、及び血管の安定化剤、並びに医薬品組成物 |
| JP2014530219A (ja) * | 2011-10-03 | 2014-11-17 | モレインクス,エービー | ナノ粒子、ナノ粒子の調製のための処理、および癌治療および食品関連化合物を含む医療分野における両親媒性分子または疎水性分子ための担体としてのナノ粒子の使用 |
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| TWI389694B (zh) | 2008-12-23 | 2013-03-21 | Intervet Int Bv | 皂素或皂素與CpG之組合於誘發針對腫瘤特異性自體抗原之免疫反應之用途 |
| CN102210862B (zh) * | 2011-06-01 | 2013-06-12 | 中国人民解放军南京军区福州总医院 | 基于Livin的免疫刺激复合物及其制备方法和应用 |
| WO2014163558A1 (en) | 2013-04-01 | 2014-10-09 | Moreinx Ab | Nanoparticles, composed of sterol and saponin from quillaja saponaria molina process for preparation and use thereof as carrier for amphipatic of hydrphobic molecules in fields of medicine including cancer treatment and food related compounds |
| WO2015179840A1 (en) | 2014-05-23 | 2015-11-26 | Phibro Animal Health Corporation | Combination, composition, and method of administering the combination or composition to animals |
| US10422555B2 (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-09-24 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Refrigerator appliance with a caloric heat pump |
| FR3072880A1 (fr) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-05-03 | Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (Inserm) | Formulation liposomale et son utilisation en therapie anti-tumorale |
| WO2019105408A1 (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2019-06-06 | Xiamen Ginposome Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Novel liposomes with ginsenoside derivative as membrane material and preparations thereof |
| EP3669890A1 (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-24 | Croda International PLC | Filamentous nanoparticles having vaccine adjuvant effect |
| CN113498350A (zh) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-10-12 | 萨普雷米科技有限公司 | 皂苷缀合物 |
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| JP2014530219A (ja) * | 2011-10-03 | 2014-11-17 | モレインクス,エービー | ナノ粒子、ナノ粒子の調製のための処理、および癌治療および食品関連化合物を含む医療分野における両親媒性分子または疎水性分子ための担体としてのナノ粒子の使用 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CA2669209A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
| AU2007322424B2 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
| EP2094278A1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
| EP2094278A4 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
| CN101563090B (zh) | 2013-01-02 |
| AU2007322424A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
| JP5301455B2 (ja) | 2013-09-25 |
| EP2094278B1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
| US9040081B2 (en) | 2015-05-26 |
| WO2008063129A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
| US20100119591A1 (en) | 2010-05-13 |
| CN101563090A (zh) | 2009-10-21 |
| CA2669209C (en) | 2016-01-26 |
| ES2630205T3 (es) | 2017-08-18 |
| DK2094278T3 (en) | 2017-07-24 |
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