JP2009280616A - エリトロポエチン受容体に結合する化合物およびペプチド - Google Patents
エリトロポエチン受容体に結合する化合物およびペプチド Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009280616A JP2009280616A JP2009200615A JP2009200615A JP2009280616A JP 2009280616 A JP2009280616 A JP 2009280616A JP 2009200615 A JP2009200615 A JP 2009200615A JP 2009200615 A JP2009200615 A JP 2009200615A JP 2009280616 A JP2009280616 A JP 2009280616A
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Abstract
【解決手段】エリトロポエチン受容体(EPO−R) に結合し、そして活性化し、または EPOアゴニストとして働く、アミノ酸配列X3X4X5GPX6TWX7X8 (SEQID NO:) を含み、ここに、各々のアミノ酸は標準的な一文字省略で示され;X3 はC;X4 はR,H,LまたはW;X5 はM,FまたはI;X6 は20の遺伝的にコードされたL−アミノ酸のいずれかから独立して選択され;X7 はD,E,I,LまたはV;およびX8 はCである長さ10〜40アミノ酸残基のペプチド及びそれらの使用方法。
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明は、とりわけ、エリトロポエチン受容体(EPO−R)に結合し活性化させるまたはそうでなくとも EPOアゴニストとして作用するペプチドおよび化合物を提供する。本発明は生化学および医化学の分野における適用を有し、詳しくはヒトの疾病の治療に使用されるための EPOアゴニストを提供する。
エリトロポエチン(EPO)は、 165のアミノ酸を、アミノ酸位24,38, 83および 126に4つのグリコシル化部位を、および約34,000の分子量を有する糖タンパク質ホルモンである。それは最初に、23のアミノ酸からなるシグナルペプチドを有する前駆体タンパク質として生産される。EPO は、3つの型で存在する:α,βおよびアシアロである。αおよびβ型は炭水化物組成にわずかな違いがあるが、同様の効力、生物学的活性および分子量を有する。アシアロ型は末端炭水化物(シアル酸)を除いたαまたはβ型である。 EPOをコードする DNA配列は報告されている。出典明示して本明細書の一部と見なされる Lin (1987) 米国特許第 4,703,008号参照。
循環における血液細胞による酸素輸送が減少した場合、循環における EPOの量は、低酸素条件の下、増加する。低酸素は出血による大量の血液の喪失、過度の放射線照射による赤血球細胞の破壊、高い高度または長期間の意識不明による酸素取り込みの減少、または種々の形の低酸素によって引き起こされ得る。低酸素ストレスを受けている組織に応答して、 EPOは赤血球前細胞の増殖刺激による赤血球生産を増加させる。循環における赤血球の数が正常組織の酸素要求に必要とされる量より多くなれば、循環における EPOは減少する。
1の具体例において、本発明は EPO−Rに結合し活性化する、またはそうでなくとも EPOアゴニストとして働くペプチドを提供する。これらのペプチドは長さ10ないし40またはそれより大きいアミノ酸残基、好ましくは長さ14ないし20のアミノ酸残基で、アミノ酸X3X4X5GPX4TWX7X8 (配列番号:) のコア配列を含み、ここに、各々のアミノ酸は標準的な1文字省略によって示され;X3 はC,A,α−アミノ−γ−ブロモ酪酸または Hocであり、 Hocはホモシステインであり;X4 はR,H,LまたはWであり、X5 はM,FまたはIであり;X6 は独立して20の遺伝的にコードされたL−アミノ酸またはその立体異性体D−アミノ酸のいずれかのものから選択され;X7 はD,E,I,LまたはVであり;およびX8 はC,A,α−アミノ−γ−ブロモ酪酸すなわち Hocであり、ここに、 Hocはホモシステインであり、但しX3 またはX8 のいずれかがCまたは Hocである。好ましくは、該ペプチドはコア配列YX2X3X4X5GPX6TWX7X8(配列番号:) を含み、ここに、各々のアミノ酸は標準的な一文字省略で示され、X2 およびX6 は各々20の遺伝的にコードされたL−アミノ酸のいずれかのものから独立して選択され;X3 はC,A,α−アミノ−γ−ブロモ酪酸または Hocであり、ここに、 Hocはホモシステインであり;X4 はR,H,LまたはWであり;X5 はM,FまたはIであり;X7 はD,E,I,LまたはVであり;X8 はC,A,α−アミノ−γ−ブロモ酪酸または Hocであり、ここに、 Hocはホモシステインであり、但しX3 またはX8 のいずれかがCまたは Hocである。
下記用語は下記一般的意味を有すると意図される。ペプチドにおけるアミノ酸残基は下記のごときに省略される:フェニルアラニンは PheまたはF;ロイシンは LeuまたはL;イソロイシンは IleまたはI;メチオニンは MetまたはM;バリンは ValまたはV;セリンは SerまたはS;プロリンは ProまたはP;トレオニンは ThrまたはT;アラニンは AlaまたはA;チロシンは TyrまたはY;ヒスチジンは HisまたはH;グルタミンは GlnまたはQ;アスパラギンは AsnまたはN;リシンは LysまたはK;アスパラギン酸は AspまたはD;グルタミン酸は GluまたはE;システインは CysまたはC;トリプトファンは TrpまたはW;アルギニンは ArgまたはR;グリシンは GlyまたはGである。
「ペプチド」または「ポリペプチド」とは、そのモノマーがアミド結合を介して結びついたαアミノ酸のポリマーをいう。ペプチドはアミノ酸モノマー2個またはしばしばそれ以上の長さである。
(a)式 RC(O)NH−のアミド基を形成し、ここでRは酸ハロゲン化物〔例えば、 RC(O)Cl〕または酸無水物との反応によって上のように定義されるものである。典型的にこの反応は、ほぼ等モルまたは過剰量(例えば、約5当量)の酸ハロゲン化物を、好ましくは過剰(例えば、約10当量)のジイソプロピルエチルアミンのような第三級アミンを含有する不活性希釈剤(例えば、ジクロロメタン)中でペプチドを接触させて、反応中に生成した酸を捕捉することによって行われ得る。末端アミノをアルキル化して低級アルキルN−置換を提供し、続く酸ハロゲン化物との反応によって前記のごとく式 RC(O)NR−のN−アルキルアミド基を提供する;
固相ペプチド合成
本発明の種々のペプチドは、Milligen/Biosearch 9600自動装置でのMerrifield固相合成法 (Stewart, J. M.および Young, J. D., Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, 第二版(Pierce Chemical, Rockfold, IL, 1984) 参照) を用いて合成された。使用された樹脂は、PAL(Milligen/Biosearch)であった。これは、リンカーとしての5−(4′−Fmoc−アミノメチル−3,5′−ジメトキシフェノキシ)吉草酸と架橋したポリスチレンである。 PAL樹脂の使用でカルボキシル末端アミドが樹脂からのペプチドの切断に作用する結果となる。アミノ酸における一次アミン保護はF−moc によって達成され、側鎖保護基はセリンおよびチロシン、カルボキシル基に対してはt−ブチル、グルタミンアミドに対してはトリチル、およびアルギニングアニジド基に対してはPmc(硫化2,2,5,7,8−ペンタメチルクロマン)であった。BOP(ベンゾトリアゾリルN−オキシトリスジメチルアミノホスホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート)およびHOBt (1−ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール)とともに1または2時間のいずれかで各々の結合を行った。
バイオアッセイ
A.FDCP−1/mEPO−R
FDCP−1/mEPO−R細胞(105) を成長因子(2.5nm EPO) の存在下で定常密度の半分まで増殖させた。該細胞を PBSで2回洗浄し、次いで成長因子を含まない完全培地で24時間飢餓状態にさせた。
細胞活性はトリパンブルー染色によって決定した。成長因子を含まない完全培地のストックは50μl当たり所望の細胞数となるよう作成した。試験する化合物を96ウェル組織培養プレート中で2倍に希釈した(ウェル当たり最終50μl)。
細胞(ウェル当たり50μl)を各々のウェルに加え、(陰性対照が死滅するはずである)24−48時間インキュベートした。細胞増殖は MTTアッセイにより測定した。
また、Kitamuraら (Blood 73 : 375-380 (1989) 、これは出典明示して本明細書の一部とみなす) において示された、 EPOに依存した成長を有する細胞系統TF−1に関する方法も、 EPOアゴニストとしての本発明の化合物の活性を証明することを導き出した。代表的な結果を図8に示した。図8は、細胞系統TF−1の細胞増殖における EPOおよびペプチドVGNYMCHFGPITWVCRPGGGの効果を表す。
また、Krystal (Exp. Hematol. 11 : 649-660 (1983)、これは出典明示して本明細書の一部とみなす) に示された、 3H−チミジンの脾臓細胞への取り込みに基づくマイクロアッセイのための方法も、本発明の化合物が EPOアゴニストとして働き得ることを確認するために用いた。便宜には、B6C3F1マウスに2日間毎日フェニルヒドラジン(60mg/kg)を注射した。第3日に脾臓細胞を除去し、 MTTアッセイを用いてそれらの増殖能を24時間にわたって確認した。代表的な脾臓細胞集団の増殖を示す写真を図9A(対照)、9B(500pMの EPOで処理)および9C(25μm GGDYHCRMGPLTWVCKPLGG で処理) に倍率 200倍で示す。
1.材料および方法
a.試料調製:ペプチドを1×10-2Mの貯蔵溶液としてのDMSOに再懸濁し、下記の 100倍溶液:
1×10-3 1×10-4 1×10-5 1×10-6 1×10-7 1×10-8とするために10倍増加分で連続的に希釈した。
総容量 200μl中に下記のごとき最終濃度:
1×10-5 1×10-6 1×10-7 1×10-8 1×10-9 1×10-10
になるよう、各々の貯蔵液希釈2μlを上記したごとくに細胞ウェルに加えた。
i.細胞ソース: FDC−P1/ER (Dexterら、J. Exp. Med. (1980) 152 : 1036-1047 、これは出典明示して本発明の一部とみなす)は、十分特徴づけられた非形質転換マウス骨髄誘導細胞系統であり、そこではエリトロポエチン受容体が安定してトランスフェクトされた。細胞は EPO依存性増殖を示した。
1.材料および方法
a.試料調製:ペプチドを1×10-2Mの濃度で得るためにDMSO中に再懸濁する。
b.実験のプロトコル:RPMI1640/10%ウシ胎児血清/抗生物質および10U/mlエリトロポエチン中で維持された FDC−P1/muER細胞は定常期まで成長させる。細胞を収穫し、成長因子(エリトロポエチン)を含まない新鮮培地で24時間再懸濁させる。細胞を計数し、 500,000細胞/mlの濃度で再懸濁させる。細胞1ml(500,000) 細胞をエッペンドルフチューブに入れる。1×10-3ペプチド溶液1mlを細胞に加え(最終濃度1×10-5M)、37℃で10分間インキュベートさせる。エリトロポエチン対照(最終濃度10U/ml)を各々のアッセイとともに行った。14,000rpm 4℃の遠心分離により細胞を集める。細胞を 100μlの SDS溶菌緩衝液中に再懸濁し、 SDSポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動に付す。該ゲルをニトロセルロースに移し、1:1000希釈の抗−ホスホチロシン抗体 (Upstate Biotechnology Incorporated) で1時間プローブする。該膜をトリス緩衝食塩水で洗浄し、抗体で標識された抗−マウスペルオキシダーゼで再プローブする。反応タンパク質を ELCウエスタンブロッティング試薬 (Amersham) 用いて可視化する。
1.実験のプロトコル:FDCP−1/muEP細胞を 3.0×106 細胞/mlで定常期まで成長させた。細胞を集め、成長因子を含まない新鮮培地に再懸濁させ、さらに18時間成長させ、その時点で細胞を同じ細胞密度で3つのフラスコに分取した:−因子、+ EPO および+ペプチド。次いで10U/ml EPOまたは10μMペプチドのいずれかで細胞を刺激した。下記の時点で 300万の細胞を集めた:0,6,8,10および12時間(図15参照)。細胞を冷 PBS中で2回洗浄し、冷 PBS 100μl、次いで冷70%エタノール 900μl中に細胞ペレットを再懸濁することによって固定した。細胞をプロピジウムイオジン50μg/mlで染色し、蛍光をFACSスキャンフローサイトメーターで測定した。各々の相における細胞%をBecton DickinsonによるSOBR model of CellFIT softwareを用いて測定した。
1.材料および方法
標準的な滅菌ヘパリンバキュテーナーチューブで、健康な個体から末梢血液試料10mlを得た。マウス骨髄は実験当たりおよそ10匹のマウスの大腿骨から得た。すべての試薬はStem Cell Technologies Inc. (Vancouver, Canada) から得た。
a. 実験のプロトコル:便宜には、有核細胞の計数を行い、オリジナル試料の有核細胞の数および密度を確立した。末梢血液の場合、試料を 400g30分間室温でフィコール−ハイパーク(1.077g/ml) グラジエントを用いた遠心分離にかける。フィコール−ハイパーク溶液の界面にある1核細胞を注意深く取り出し、全量約10mlに希釈する。マウス骨髄またはヒト末梢血液から得た細胞は遠心分離により集め、上清をデカントした。ペレット状の細胞を新鮮培地に再懸濁し、上記のごとく収集を行った。洗浄された細胞を Isocoveの培地/2%ウシ胎児血清でプレーティングのため下記の密度まで希釈した。
正常骨髄: 1×105 低密度細胞
正常血液: 4×105 低密度細胞
MBFU-E:成熟バースト−形成単位−エリトロイド(3−8クラスター)
PBRU-E:一次バースト−形成単位−エリトロイド(9またはそれ以上)
CFU-GM:コロニー−形成単位 顆粒球/単核細胞/マクロファージ
a.実験のプロトコル:先のセクションDに記載したごとくペプチドを分析した。各々の細胞系統について適当な分裂促進因子/成長因子を用いて、各々の細胞系統について成長曲線をなし、成長力を評価した。
b.結果:表16に示したごとく、造血および非−造血細胞系統の双方を含む、非−エリトロポエチン感受性細胞系統において、GGTYSCHFGPLTWVCKPQGGは増殖反応を刺激できなかった。
ヒト・エリトロポエチン受容体(EPO結合タンパク質、EBP)の細胞外ドメインは E. coliで発現し、過剰生産されてきた。 E. coliで用いられた他の多くの組み換え真核タンパク質については、タンパク質は実験室規模の発酵では不溶性産物であることが判明し、活性タンパク質を得るために再生、精製された。この方法によって生産されるごとき EBPは、リガンドの液相結合を生じさせることなく改変し得る、1つの遊離スルフヒドリル基を含む。平衡結合分析用に、また競合結合アッセイのための基礎として、 EBPを固定化するために、この観察をアガロースビーズへの EBPの共有結合に向け拡張した。 Sulfolinkビーズ (Pierce Chemical Co, Rockford, IL) のヨードアセチル活性化化学は、遊離チオールに対して特異的であり、その結合は容易には可逆とならないと確信される。 EBP−Sulfolink ビーズは下記のごとくに作成される: Sulfolinkゲル懸濁液(10ml)とカップリング緩衝液(40ml:50mMトリス、pH 8.3、5mM EDTA)とを混合し、ゲルを静置させた。上清を取り出し、結合すべきEBP(カップリング緩衝液中 0.3−1mg/ml)を洗浄されたビーズに直接加えた。混合物を室温で30分間穏やかに揺らし、ビーズを室温で1時間静置させた。上清を取り除いて保持し、ビーズをカップリング緩衝液20mlで2回洗浄した。洗液も回収した。次いでビーズを室温で30分間、20mlの0.05Mシステインで処理し、非結合部位をブロックした。最後に、ビーズを50mlの1M NaCl 、次いで30mlの PBSで洗浄し、20mlの PBSに再懸濁させ、使用まで4℃で保存した。ビーズに対し共有結合した EBPの量は、反応上清および2回分の20ml洗液中に回収された全 OD280に対してオリジナル EBP溶液の OD280と比較することにより決定した。典型的には、適用した EBPの40−60%がビーズに依然として随伴していた。
メスBDFIマウス (18−20gm) を(低圧チャンバーで)18時間、0.40±0.02気圧および14日間外界圧力の設定サイクルにかけた。
マウスをr−Hu EPOまたは試験試料の投与に先立って、72時間、外界圧力で維持する。試験試料またはr−Hu EPO標準を調製したマウスへの注射用に希釈する。伝達体は 0.1%BSA(W/V)を含有する PBSからなる。各々の希釈について、 0.5mlを各々10マウスに皮下注射で投与する。48時間後59Feを投与する。59Fe投与48時間後、血液試料を採取する。ヘマトクリットおよび放射活性測定値を各々の試料について決定した。用量範囲および結果(2つの異なるアッセイ)を下記の表23および17A−17Cに記載する。
正常の未処理のメスBDFIマウスに連続3日間 EPOまたは実験化合物のいずれかを投薬した(0.5ml. S. Q.)。賦形剤: PHS、10% PEG8000、0.25% BSAをDMSOに加えた。第3日にマウスに鉄デキストラン(100mg/ml) も投薬した(0.1ml、I. P.)。第5日にマウスに CO2で麻酔をかけ、心臓を穿刺して出血させた。%網状赤血球をチアゾールオレンジ染色、およびフローサイトメーター分析(retic-countプログラム) によって測定した。ヘマトクリットを手動で測定した。補正網状赤血球のパーセントは以下の式を用いて決定した:
%RETIC(補正) =%RETIC(測定値) ×Hct(個々) /Hct(正常)前記の網状赤血球アッセイを用いた得た結果を図18A−18Bおよび図19A−19Bに示す。
正常な供与体から得たヒトの有核骨髄細胞を半固形メチルセルロース(0.9%メチルセルロース、30%ウシ胎児血清、1%ウシ血清アルブミン、10-4 2−メルカプトエタノール、2mM L−グルタミン)中にプレートした。便宜には、細胞を採取して赤血球を緩衝塩化アンモニウムを添加することによって溶菌させた。細胞を2%子ウシ胎児血清を含有する培地に再懸濁させ、プレート当たり2×105 細胞の密度で二反復でプレートした。12日間培養後形成された赤血球および顆粒球−マクロファージ(G−M)コロニーを色および形態により点数を付けた。実験において対照プレートには組み換えヒト生長因子IL−3、GM−CSF およびSCF(3/GM/S)が含まれ、試料のGMコロニー形成に到達した。
上で示されたデータから、GGTYSCHFGPLTWVCKPQGG (RWJ61233/AFFY11157)はサイトカイン添加なしで赤血球のコロニー形成を誘導できることが明白である。さらに、それがGMリネージのコロニー形成を誘導できないことによって、該ペプチドは赤血球リネージに対して厳密な特異性を示す。
Claims (30)
- エリトロポエチン受容体に結合し、アミノ酸配列X3X4X5GPX6TWX7X8を含み、ここに、各々のアミノ酸は標準的な一文字省略で示され、X6 は20の遺伝的にコードされたL−アミノ酸のいずれかから独立して選択され;X3 はC;X4 はR,H,LまたはW;X5 はM,FまたはI;X7 はD,E,I,LまたはV;およびX8 はCである長さ10〜40アミノ酸残基のペプチド。
- 各々のアミノ酸が標準的な一文字省略によって示されるアミノ酸配列 YX2X3X4X5GPX6TWX7X8からなり、X2 およびX6 の各々は20の遺伝的にコードされたL−アミノ酸のいずれかから独立して選択され;X3 はC;X4 はR,H,LまたはW;X5 はM,FまたはI;X7 はD,E,I,LまたはV;およびX8 はCである請求項1記載のペプチド。
- アミノ酸配列 X1YX2X3X4X5GPX6TWX7X8X9X10X11よりなり、ここに、各々のアミノ酸は標準的な一文字省略によって示され、X1 ,X2 ,X6 ,X9 ,X10およびX11の各々は20の遺伝的にコードされたL−アミノ酸のいずれかから独立して選択され;X3 はC;X4 はR,H,LまたはW;X5 はM,FまたはI;X7 はD,E,I,LまたはV;およびX8 はCである請求項2記載のペプチド。
- X4 がRまたはH;X5 がFまたはM;X6 がI,L,T,M,EまたはV;X7 がDまたはV;X9 がG,K,L,Q,R,SまたはT;およびX10がA,G,P,RまたはYである請求項3記載のペプチド。
- X1 がD,E,L,N,S,TまたはV;X2 がA,H,K,L,M,SまたはT;X4 がRまたはH;X9 がK,R,SまたはT;およびX10がPである請求項4記載のペプチド。
- 該アミノ酸配列が環化される請求項1のペプチド。
- 該アミノ酸配列がダイマー化された請求項1記載のペプチド。
- 医薬上許容される担体と組み合わせた請求項1記載の化合物よりなる医薬組成物。
- 請求項1記載のペプチドの治療的有効量を患者に投与することを特徴とするエリトロポエチンの欠損または低あるいは不完全赤血球集団によって特徴づけられる疾患を有する患者を治療する方法。
- 該症状が末期腎不全または透析;AIDSに関連する貧血、自己免疫疾患および悪性腫瘍;ベータサラセミア;嚢胞性線維症;未熟児の初期貧血;慢性炎症疾病に関連する貧血;脊髄外傷;急性血液喪失;加齢;および異常な赤血球形成に伴う腫瘍形成疾病である請求項13記載の方法。
- 該ペプチドが、アミノ酸配列 YX2X3X4X5GPX6TWX7X8よりなり、ここに、各々のアミノ酸は標準的な一文字省略で示され;X2 およびX6 の各々は20の遺伝的にコードされたL−アミノ酸のいずれかから独立して選択され;X3 はC;X4 はR,H,LまたはW;X5 はM,FまたはI;X7 はD,E,I,LまたはV;およびX8 はCである請求項13記載の方法。
- 該ペプチドが、アミノ酸配列 X1YX2X3X4X5GPX6TWX7X8X9X10X11よりなり、ここに、各々のアミノ酸は標準的な一文字省略によって示され、X1 ,X2 ,X6 ,X9 ,X10およびX11の各々は20の遺伝的にコードされたL−アミノ酸のいずれかから独立して選択され;X3 はC;X4 はR,H,LまたはW;X5 はM,FまたはI;X7 はD,E,I,LまたはV;およびX8 はCである請求項15記載の方法。
- X4 がRまたはH;X5 がFまたはM;X6 がI,L,T,MまたはV;X7 がDまたはV;X9 がG,K,L,Q,R,SまたはT;およびX10がA,G,P,RまたはYである請求項16記載の方法。
- X1 がD,E,L,N,S,TまたはV;X2 がA,H,K,L,M,SまたはT;X4 がRまたはH;X9 がK,R,SまたはT;およびX10がPである請求項17記載の方法。
- 該ペプチドが環化された請求項13記載の方法。
- 該ペプチドがダイマー化された請求項13記載の方法。
- 各々のアミノ酸は標準的な一文字省略で示され、X6 は20の遺伝的にコードされたL−アミノ酸のいずれかから独立して選択され;X3 はC;X4 はR,H,LまたはW;X5 はM,FまたはI;X7 はD,E,I,LまたはV;およびX8 はCであるエリトロポエチン受容体に結合し、アミノ酸配列X3X4X5GPX6TWX7X8(配列番号)よりなり、長さ4ないし10アミノ酸残基のペプチドの治療的有効量を患者に投与することを特徴とするエリトロポエチンの欠損または低あるいは不完全赤血球集団によって特徴づけられた疾患を有する患者を治療する方法。
- 該症状が末期腎不全または透析;AIDSに関連する貧血、自己免疫疾患または悪性腫瘍;ベータサラセミア;嚢胞性線維症;未熟児の初期貧血;慢性炎症疾病に関連する貧血;脊髄外傷;急性血液喪失;加齢;および異常な赤血球形成に伴う腫瘍形成疾病である請求項22記載の方法。
- 該ペプチドが、アミノ酸配列 YX2X3X4X5GPX6TWX7X8よりなり、ここに、各々のアミノ酸は標準的な一文字省略で示され;X2 およびX6 の各々は20の遺伝的にコードされたL−アミノ酸のいずれかから独立して選択され;X3 はC;X4 はR,H,LまたはW;X5 はM,FまたはI;X7 はD,E,I,LまたはV;およびX8 はCである請求項22記載の方法。
- 該ペプチドが、アミノ酸配列 X1YX2X3X4X5GPX6TWX7X8X9X10X11よりなり、ここに、各々のアミノ酸は標準的な一文字省略によって示され、X1 ,X2 ,X6 ,X9 ,X10およびX11の各々は20の遺伝的にコードされたL−アミノ酸のいずれかから独立して選択され;X3 はC;X4 はR,H,LまたはW;X5 はM,FまたはI;X7 はD,E,I,LまたはV;およびX8 はCである請求項24記載の方法。
- X4 がRまたはH;X5 がFまたはM;X6 がI,L,T,M、またはV;X7 がDまたはV;X9 がG,K,L,Q,R,SまたはT;およびX10がA,G,P,RまたはYである請求項25記載の方法。
- X1 がD,E,L,N,S,TまたはV;X2 がA,H,K,L,M,SまたはT;X4 がRまたはH;X9 がK,R,SまたはT;およびX10がPである請求項26記載の方法。
- 該ペプチドが環化された請求項22記載の方法。
- 該ペプチドがダイマー化された請求項22記載の方法。
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EP0886648B1 (en) | 2003-11-12 |
ATE254138T1 (de) | 2003-11-15 |
DE69630708T2 (de) | 2004-08-05 |
CA2223833A1 (en) | 1996-12-19 |
IL122417A0 (en) | 1998-06-15 |
NO975729L (no) | 1998-02-05 |
KR19990022656A (ko) | 1999-03-25 |
PL323858A1 (en) | 1998-04-27 |
AU712713B2 (en) | 1999-11-11 |
EP0886648B8 (en) | 2004-03-03 |
EP0886648A1 (en) | 1998-12-30 |
EP1510524A2 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
TR199701557T2 (xx) | 2002-06-21 |
DE69630708D1 (de) | 2003-12-18 |
JPH11507367A (ja) | 1999-06-29 |
JP2007277264A (ja) | 2007-10-25 |
CA2223833C (en) | 2010-12-21 |
NO975729D0 (no) | 1997-12-05 |
EP1510524A3 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
HUP9901069A2 (hu) | 1999-07-28 |
ES2210374T3 (es) | 2004-07-01 |
NZ310804A (en) | 1998-10-28 |
CZ391097A3 (cs) | 1998-07-15 |
BR9609006A (pt) | 1999-12-14 |
WO1996040749A1 (en) | 1996-12-19 |
KR100459984B1 (ko) | 2005-06-20 |
CN1192748A (zh) | 1998-09-09 |
AU6166796A (en) | 1996-12-30 |
EP0886648A4 (en) | 2000-01-12 |
NO318783B1 (no) | 2005-05-09 |
JP4050314B2 (ja) | 2008-02-20 |
PL185040B1 (pl) | 2003-02-28 |
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