JP2008542208A - バイオフィルム発生を制御する方法及び組成物 - Google Patents
バイオフィルム発生を制御する方法及び組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008542208A JP2008542208A JP2008512649A JP2008512649A JP2008542208A JP 2008542208 A JP2008542208 A JP 2008542208A JP 2008512649 A JP2008512649 A JP 2008512649A JP 2008512649 A JP2008512649 A JP 2008512649A JP 2008542208 A JP2008542208 A JP 2008542208A
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Abstract
【選択図】図5
Description
Webb et al, 2003, Cell death in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development, J. Bact., 185: 4585-4592
該バイオフィルムを、有効量の一酸化窒素又は少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素を発生若しくは放出する薬剤に曝露し;
バイオフィルム形成に感受性のある表面又は媒体を、有効量の一酸化窒素又は少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素を発生若しくは放出する薬剤で処理し;
有効量の一酸化窒素又は少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素を発生若しくは放出する薬剤を、バイオフィルム形成に感受性のある表面又は媒体中に取り込み;又は
該バイオフィルム中の微生物又はバイオフィルムを形成することができる微生物中で、1以上の活性酸素又は窒素種の蓄積を誘導することを含む、前記方法が提供される。
本明細書で使用される場合、用語「バイオフィルム」は、任意の三次元の、マトリックスに入った微生物の集団であって、多細胞特性を提示するものを意味する。よって、本明細書で使用される場合、用語「バイオフィルム」には、表面付着性バイオフィルムだけでなく、懸濁状態のバイオフィルム、例えばフロック及び粒状体が含まれる。バイオフィルムは、単一の微生物種を含むか又は混合種の複合体であり、細菌だけでなく、真菌、藻類、原生生物、又は他の微生物を含んでもよい。
図面の簡単な説明については下記の節を参照されたい。
バイオフィルム発生のために、P. アエルギノーサPAO1を、連続培養フローセル(チャネル寸法1×4×40 mm)中、室温で既報のとおり生育した(Moller et al., 1998, In situ gene expression in mixed-culture biofilms: evidence of metabolic interactions between community members, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64: 721-732)。チャネルに、一晩培養した細胞培養物0.5 mLを播種し、室温で1時間、流動させずにインキュベートした。その後、フローセルの平均流体速度を0.2 mm.s-1にして、フローを開始した。該速度は、Reynolds数0.02の層流に相当する。
一酸化窒素は、生体系において広範に見られる細胞内及び細胞外シグナル伝達分子である。一酸化窒素は、パーオキシナイトライトの重要な前駆体、広範囲の生物学的作用を有する強力な酸化物質でもある。一酸化窒素は、スーパーオキシドと容易に反応し、パーオキシナイトライトを生じさせる。
浮遊性細胞は、バイオフィルム細胞よりも、抗生物質に対して最大で1000倍感受性が高いことが知られている(Brooun et al., 2000, A dose-response study of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 44: 640-646; Davies, 2003, Understanding biofilm resistance to antibacterial agents, Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2: 114-122)。成熟バイオフィルムに対抗するうえで重大な問題の1つは、抗菌剤に対するこの感受性の低下である。実施例2に上記した結果は、一酸化窒素が、より強い耐性があるバイオフィルム表現型よりも、成長の浮遊性モードを促進することを実証している。従って、本発明者らは、一酸化窒素の曝露が、バイオフィルム細胞に対する抗菌剤の感受性も回復させるかどうかを調べた。低レベルの一酸化窒素に曝露したP. アエルギノーサのバイオフィルム及び浮遊性細胞に対し、様々な抗菌剤の効果を調べた。
表面付着性バイオフィルムに関する実施例2に記載の結果について、非表面付着性の複数種混合のバイオフィルムからの分散を誘導する一酸化窒素の能力を調べた。
5.1 材料及び方法
5.1.1 モデル分散系
Storey及びAshboltが記載したバイオフィルムサンプル採取部位(BSS)( Storey M.V. and Ashbolt N.J. (2001), 「Persistence of two model enteric viruses (B40-8 and MS-2 bacteriophages) in water distribution pipe biofilms」, Water Sci Technol. 43 (12): 133-8)を、この試験で使用した。モデル飲料水及び再利用水系のバイオフィルムを、2つの連続流環状リアクター(model 920, Biosurfaces Technologies, Bozeman, Montana)中で、BSSにおいて生育した。環状リアクター(AR)は、水充填環状キャビティで分離された回転ポリカーボネート内側シリンダー及び固定ガラス外側シリンダーからなる。60個のステンレススチール(SS)及び未可塑化ポリ塩化ビニル(uPVC)クーポン(利用可能面積は15 mm×40 mm)を、ARの内側環状シリンダーの露出面に設置し、飲料水及び再利用水をそれぞれ30 L.h-1の速度で入れ、水力学的滞留時間を2.2分にした。循環回転速度を、配水管の平均水圧需要量(0.32 L.s-1)と同じ線速度を提供するように設定した。バイオフィルムクーポンを1 g.L-1の次亜塩素酸ナトリウム中で2時間滅菌し、各実験装置に設置する前に、滅菌Milli-Q waterですすいだ。バイオフィルムをクーポン表面上で90日間生育した。この後、入口流を停止させ、テトラサイクリン及びアンピシリン耐性セラチア・マルセッセンスを用いて、最終濃度が約107 CFU.mL-1になるまでARを富化させた。S. マルセッセンス細胞を、SS及びuPVCクーポン表面上のバイオフィルム中で2週間沈降させた。沈降しなかった細胞は、飲料水及び再利用水を入口流に1週間再接続することにより、該系から除去した。S. マルセッセンスは30℃で24時間インキュベートした後に、選択性LB寒天培地プレート(50μg.mL-1 テトラサイクリン及び100μg.mL-1 アンピシリンを添加した)から事前に回収し、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)中で3回洗浄した。
クーポンは、滅菌ピンセットを用いて、各バイオフィルム装置から注意深く取り出した。各実験装置からSSクーポン(飲料水)及びuPVCクーポン(再利用水)を取り出し、NO曝露のために、実験室でバイオリアクターに移した。バイオリアクターは、下部に入口部(inlet)及び上部に排出部(outlet)を有する1Lポリプロピレン(PP)ビーカーをアルミニウムホイルで被覆し、該クーポンに適合させるために改変したPP顕微鏡スライドラック(Kartell, Italy)を含むものにした。ラックをPPスタンドの底部から2cm上に設置し、パイプの壁部での水圧性ずり応力を疑似するように、磁気攪拌により円形流を生じさせた。バイオリアクターを1 g.L-1 次亜塩素酸ナトリウムで2時間滅菌し、バイオフィルムを含むクーポンを収容する前に、滅菌Milli-Q waterですすいだ。飲料水又は再利用水系から構築した各種バイオフィルムでは、3個の別個のバイオリアクター中にクーポンを無作為に設置し、それらを0、100 nM又は500 nMのNO供与体ナトリウムニトロプルシド(SNP)(pH7.8)を含む加熱滅菌した(無菌及び脱塩した)飲料水の連続流に、流速50 mL h-1で18時間さらした。
クーポンを生存能カウント及び顕微鏡分析のために処理した。LIVE/DEAD(登録商標)BacLight細菌生存能キット(Molecular Probes, Oregon, USA)を用いて、バイオフィルム中の細胞を染色した。2種類の染色液(SYTO 9及びヨウ化プロピジウム)の原液を、1/4力価のリンガー溶液中で濃度3μL.mL-1にそれぞれ希釈し、クーポンを150μLの染色混合液で染色し、薄いカバースリップ(10.5×35mm, ProSciTech, Kirwan, Australia)でカバーした。エピ蛍光顕微鏡(Leica model DMR)下でクーポンを観察し、画像分析システム(ImageJ, NIH)を用いてバイオフィルム細胞を数えた。
5.2.1 セラチア・マルセッセンスでスパイクされた飲料水バイオフィルム
図8A〜8Cに図示するとおり、データは、S.マルセッセンスだけでなく、モデル飲料水給水系中で構築された混合種のバイオフィルムを除去するのに、SNP処理が用量依存的に有効であったことを示す。生存能アッセイ及び顕微鏡分析からも一貫性のある結果が得られた(図8)。プレート上の様々なコロニー形態の相対比は、SNP処理により影響を受けなかったので、混合集団中の特定の種に選択的ではなかったことがわかる。最も有効な処理濃度は500 nM SNPであった。このことは、シュードモナス・アエルギノーサ及び他の単一種の細菌性バイオフィルムで観察された前述の結果と相関する。この実験では、遊離塩素処理を2 ppmで行い、通常の塩素にさらした全てのクーポンで、バイオフィルムの完全除去を観察した。
モデル再利用水給水系及びS.マルセッセンスにより構築された混合種のバイオフィルムは、ナノモル濃度のNO供与体SNPへの曝露により、総カウント及びS.マルセッセンスカウントの両方が用量依存的に減少した。生存能アッセイ及び顕微鏡分析からも一貫性のある結果が得られた(図9)。500 nM SNPに曝露したバイオフィルムは、遊離塩素処理に対し感受性の増強も提示した。例えば、1 ppmの遊離塩素は、生存能カウントにより測定した場合、対照バイオフィルムと比べ、SNP処理したバイオフィルムを除去するのに、最大で20倍有効であった(図9)。
細菌性バイオフィルムを、ガラス(Superfrost, Menzel Gleser)又はポリカーボネート顕微鏡ガラススライド(76×26 mm)のいずれかを含むペトリ皿(直径90 mm)中で生育した。コンタミネーションを防止するために、スライド(ガラス)を加熱滅菌又は1%漂白剤溶液中で30分間滅菌し、ペトリ皿を紫外線に30分間さらして滅菌した。細菌の一晩培養物を25 mlの新鮮培地で1/1000に希釈し、30℃又は37℃で、50 rpmで振とうしながら24時間生育し、スライド上にバイオフィルムを形成させた。24時間後、培地を(NO発生剤を含まない対照に加え)様々な濃度のSNP、SNAP、又はGSNOを含む新鮮培地に交換し、細胞を適当な温度で、50 rpmで攪拌しながら更に24時間インキュベートした。その後、スライドを滅菌PBSですすいで、付着していない又は緩く付着した細胞を除去した。
細胞を、酵母ペプトンデキストロース培地(YPD)中、24ウェルポリスチレンマイクロタイタープレート(Sarstedt)中で、30℃、100 rpmで振とうさせながら生育した。簡潔にいえば、C. アルビカンスの一晩培養物を新鮮培地で1:100に希釈し、1 mlをウェルに播種した。培地を新鮮培地に交換した後、バイオフィルムを24時間形成させた。そして、SNPを濃度0 nM、25 nM、100 nM、500 nM、1μM及び5μMで加えた。細胞をさらに24時間インキュベートし、その際、緩く付着した及び付着していない細胞を除去するためにウェルをPBSですすぎ、1%クリスタルバイオレットで染色した。ウェルをPBSで徹底的に洗浄し、バイオフィルムに吸収されたクリスタルバイオレットの量をWallac-Victor2プレート読み取り機(Perkin-Elmer)を用いて540 nmで測定した。
スタフィロコッカス・エピデルミディスのバイオフィルム形成及び発育に対するNOの効果を試験するのに使用した方法及び材料は、S. マルセッセンス、V. コレラ、E. コリ及びB. リケニホルミスに関して上記したものと同様であり、バイオフィルムの培養のためにペトリ皿中でガラススライドを用いた。しかしながら、最初の24時間のバイオフィルム発生後ではなく、継続して細胞にNO供与体SNPを加えた。この結果は、SNPの添加が濃度依存的にS.エピデルミディスのバイオフィルムの形成を阻害できることを実証する(図19)。
嫌気性口腔細菌に対するNOの潜在的効果を測定するために、フソバクテリウム・ヌクレアタムを、口腔内コンソーシアのバイオフィルムに関するモデル及び主要生物として選択した。簡潔にいえば、新鮮培地に播種するために一晩培養物を使用した(1:100)。細胞を吸光度(600 nm)0.1になるまで生育し、その際に、SNPを濃度0 nM、100 nM、500 nM、1μM及び10μMで細胞に加えた。細胞のチューブにガラススライドも加え、細菌を4時間付着させた。インキュベート時間の最後に、スライドを取り出し、緩く付着した細胞を除去するために、滅菌PBS中に沈積させることにより2回洗浄し、クリスタルバイオレットで染色した。付着した細胞をデジタル画像読み取り及び後続の画像分析により、顕微鏡で数えた。結果は、SNPに曝露させなかった対照培養物と比べた場合の付着した細胞の割合で示し(図20)、NO発生剤SNPの添加がF. ヌクレアタムの表面に対する付着を阻害することを示す。
Claims (36)
- 微生物のバイオフィルムの分散を促進する、又は微生物のバイオフィルムの形成を阻害する方法であって:
有効量の一酸化窒素又は少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素を発生若しくは放出する薬剤に、該バイオフィルムを曝露し;
バイオフィルム形成に感受性のある表面又は媒体を、有効量の一酸化窒素又は少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素を発生若しくは放出する薬剤で処理し;
有効量の一酸化窒素又は少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素を発生若しくは放出する薬剤を、バイオフィルム形成に感受性のある表面又は媒体中に取り込み;又は
該バイオフィルム中の微生物又はバイオフィルムを形成することができる微生物中で、1以上の活性酸素又は窒素種の蓄積を誘導することを含む、前記方法。 - 少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素を発生又は放出する薬剤が、1以上の一酸化窒素供与体を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素供与体が、ナトリウムニトロプルシド、S-ニトロソ-L-グルタチオン、S-ニトロソ-N-アセチルペニシラミン又はそれらの組み合わせである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- バイオフィルム中に存在する微生物又はバイオフィルムを形成することができる微生物が、単一の種からなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- バイオフィルム中に存在する微生物又はバイオフィルムを形成することができる微生物が、複数の種からなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- バイオフィルム中に存在する微生物又はバイオフィルムを形成することができる微生物が、細菌種又は真菌種を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- バイオフィルム中に存在する微生物又はバイオフィルムを形成することができる微生物が、カンジダ属、ホルモコニス属、シュードモナス属、シュードアルテロモナス属、スタフィロコッカス属、ストレプトコッカス属、シゲラ属、マイコバクテリウム属、エンテロコッカス属、エシェリキア属、サルモネラ属、レジオネラ属、ヘモフィルス属、バチルス 属、デスルホビブリオ属、シェワネラ属、ゲオバクター属、クレブシエラ属、プロテウス属、アエロモナス属、アルスロバクター属、ミクロコッカス属、セラチア属、ポルフィロモナス属、フソバクテリウム属及びビブリオ属から選択される1以上の種を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- バイオフィルム中に存在する微生物又はバイオフィルムを形成することができる微生物が、P. アエルギノーサ、スタフィロコッカス・エピデルミディス、エシェリキア・コリ、バチルス・リケニホルミス、セラチア・マルセッセンス、フソバクテリウム・ヌクレアタム、ビブリオ・コレラ及びカンジダ・アルビカンスから選択される1以上の種を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの抗菌剤で表面若しくは媒体を処理し、該抗菌剤を表面若しくは媒体に取り込み、又は該抗菌剤にバイオフィルム中の微生物又はバイオフィルムを形成することができる微生物を曝露することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 抗菌剤が、抗生物質、界面活性剤、酸化ストレス誘導剤、又はそれらの組み合わせから選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 1以上の活性酸素又は窒素種が、パーオキシナイトライト、一酸化窒素、過酸化水素及びスーパーオキシドラジカル又はそれらの組み合わせから選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が分散を導く前記バイオフィルム内の微生物における分化事象を誘導することを含み、又は前記方法がバイオフィルム形成を導く微生物における分化事象の誘導を阻害することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 1以上の抗菌剤に対する微生物の感受性を増大させることを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 有効量に、一酸化窒素又は少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素を発生若しくは放出する薬剤の濃度が、約1 nM〜約10 mMであることが含まれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 有効量に、一酸化窒素又は少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素を発生若しくは放出する薬剤の濃度が、約10 nM〜約5μMであることが含まれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 微生物のバイオフィルムの分散を促進する、又は微生物のバイオフィルムの形成を阻害する組成物であって、一酸化窒素、少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素を発生若しくは放出する薬剤、又は一酸化窒素及び一酸化窒素を発生若しくは放出する薬剤を好適な担体と共に含む、前記組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素を発生若しくは放出する薬剤が、1以上の一酸化窒素供与体を含む、請求項16に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素供与体が、ナトリウムニトロプルシド、S-ニトロソ-L-グルタチオン、S-ニトロソ-N-アセチルペニシラミン又はその組み合わせから選択される、請求項17に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの抗菌剤をさらに含む、請求項16に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの抗菌剤が、抗生物質、界面活性剤、酸化ストレス誘導剤、又はそれらの組み合わせである、請求項19に記載の組成物。
- 抗汚染組成物、医療デバイス若しくはその構成要素、医療デバイス用の被覆剤、又は医薬組成物である、請求項16に記載の組成物。
- 分散を導く前記バイオフィルム内の微生物における分化事象を誘導するか、又はバイオフィルム形成を導く微生物における分化事象の誘導を阻害する、請求項16に記載の組成物。
- バイオフィルムの機能を維持又は増強する方法であって、少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素捕捉剤、少なくとも1つの酸化防止剤、又は少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素捕捉剤及び少なくとも1つの酸化防止剤に、バイオフィルムを曝露することを含む、前記方法。
- 一酸化窒素捕捉剤が、2-フェニル-4,4,5,5-テトラメチル-イミダゾリン-1-オキシル3-オキシドである、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 酸化防止剤が、チオレドキシン、スーパーオキシドジスムターゼ、グルタチオン及びアスコルビン酸から選択される、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 分散を導く前記バイオフィルム内の微生物における分化事象を阻害することを含む、請求項23に記載の方法。
- バイオフィルムの機能を維持し、又は増強し、又は維持かつ増強するための組成物であって、少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素捕捉剤及び/又は少なくとも1つの酸化防止剤を、好適な担体と共に含む、前記組成物。
- 分散を導く前記バイオフィルム内の微生物における分化事象を阻害する、請求項27に記載の組成物。
- 一酸化窒素捕捉剤が、2-フェニル-4,4,5,5-テトラメチル-イミダゾリン-1-オキシル3-オキシドである、請求項27に記載の組成物。
- 酸化防止剤が、チオレドキシン、スーパーオキシドジスムターゼ、グルタチオン及びアスコルビン酸から選択される、請求項27に記載の組成物。
- 被験体におけるバイオフィルムと関連する状態の治療又は予防のために、有効量の一酸化窒素又は少なくとも1つの一酸化窒素を発生若しくは放出する薬剤を被験体に投与することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの抗菌剤を被験体に投与することをさらに含む、請求項31に記載の方法。
- バイオフィルム形成に感受性のある表面に、医療デバイスの表面が含まれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 医療デバイスが、カテーテル、ステント、プロテーゼ又は他の好適な外科用若しくは埋め込み可能なデバイスである、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 被験体のバイオフィルムと関連する状態を治療又は予防するための、請求項16に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの抗菌剤をさらに含む、請求項35に記載の組成物。
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Cited By (10)
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JP2012520126A (ja) * | 2009-03-11 | 2012-09-06 | テレフレックス・メディカル・インコーポレイテッド | ニトロプルシド及び抗菌剤を含有する医療機器 |
WO2012067469A3 (ko) * | 2010-11-19 | 2012-07-19 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 콜로이달 나노 입자를 이용한 바이오 필름 형성 방지용 기판의 제조방법, 이로부터 제조된 기판 및 상기 기판을 포함하는 수질 검사 센서 |
CN103261886A (zh) * | 2010-11-19 | 2013-08-21 | 韩国生产技术研究院 | 使用胶体纳米颗粒的用于防止生物膜形成的基板的制备方法及由此制备的基板和包括所述基板的水质检测传感器 |
CN103261886B (zh) * | 2010-11-19 | 2015-08-19 | 韩国生产技术研究院 | 使用胶体纳米颗粒的用于防止生物膜形成的基板及其制备方法 |
WO2014016979A1 (ja) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-01-30 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | 微生物活性調節剤及び微生物の活性を調節する方法 |
WO2014017233A1 (ja) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-01-30 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | 微生物用活性調節剤及び微生物の活性を調節する方法 |
JPWO2014017233A1 (ja) * | 2012-07-27 | 2016-07-07 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | 微生物用活性調節剤及び微生物の活性を調節する方法 |
JP2015155534A (ja) * | 2014-01-17 | 2015-08-27 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | バイオフィルム分解剤及びバイオフィルムの分解方法 |
JP2018532710A (ja) * | 2015-09-09 | 2018-11-08 | アドバンスド インハラーション セラピーズ(エーアイティー) リミテッド | 細気管支炎を有する乳幼児のための一酸化窒素吸入療法 |
JP2021130715A (ja) * | 2015-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | アドバンスド インハラーション セラピーズ(エーアイティー) リミテッド | 細気管支炎を有する乳幼児のための一酸化窒素吸入療法 |
Also Published As
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CN101213292A (zh) | 2008-07-02 |
IL187606A0 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
EP1899451A4 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
EP1899451A1 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
US8425945B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 |
US20130230606A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
CA2609378A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
WO2006125262A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
IL210816A0 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
EP2351828B1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
EP1899451B1 (en) | 2016-10-12 |
DK2351828T3 (en) | 2018-01-22 |
DK1899451T3 (en) | 2017-01-23 |
IL187606A (en) | 2012-07-31 |
TW200716741A (en) | 2007-05-01 |
US20090214674A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
US20160089396A1 (en) | 2016-03-31 |
EP2351828A1 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
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