JP2008540857A - 炭素複合材料およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
炭素複合材料およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008540857A JP2008540857A JP2008510112A JP2008510112A JP2008540857A JP 2008540857 A JP2008540857 A JP 2008540857A JP 2008510112 A JP2008510112 A JP 2008510112A JP 2008510112 A JP2008510112 A JP 2008510112A JP 2008540857 A JP2008540857 A JP 2008540857A
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- resin
- nanotubes
- composite material
- catalyst particles
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、炭素複合材およびその製造方法に関し、さらに詳細には、炭素ナノチューブを比較的多く充填した炭素複合材に関する。
炭素ナノチューブは、高い終局ひずみおよび比較的高い引張り係数を含む驚くべき引張り強さを有することが知られている。また、炭素ナノチューブは、疲労、放射線によるダメージおよび熱に対して高い耐性を有し得る。そのため、炭素ナノチューブの複合材への添加は引張り強さおよびスチフネスを向上させることができる。ナノチューブが配合された複合材の例としては、エポキシ−ナノチューブ、Krayton−ナノチューブ、PEEK(ポリアリールエーテルケトン)−ナノチューブ、フェニルホルムアルデヒド−ナノチューブ、RESOL−ナノチューブ、フルフリルアルコール−ナノチューブ、ピッチ−ナノチューブ、ラテックス−ナノチューブ、ポリエチレン−ナノチューブ、ポリアミド−ナノチューブまたは炭素−炭素(ナノチューブ)の複合材が挙げられる。
本発明は、1つの実施形態において、複合材の製造方法に関し、それによって、少なくとも1枚の不織炭素ナノチューブまたはナノ繊維のシートに適切な樹脂を含浸させてもよい。1つの実施形態によると、当該方法は、まず、炭素ナノチューブの複数の不織シートを積層する工程を含む。次に、樹脂材料を不織シートに塗布し、炭素ナノチューブ間の空隙に樹脂材料を含浸させてもよい。1つの実施形態において、各不織シートを樹脂材料でコーティングしてもよい。あるいは、ポリマー樹脂のシートは、隣接した不織シートの間に位置し、溶融して空隙に浸入してもよい。必要に応じて、空隙を樹脂材料で含浸させる前に、炭素ナノチューブを表面処理工程に付して樹脂材料のナノチューブへの結合を促進してもよい。含浸シートは、その後、互いに結合して、形成された物品(a formed mass)または構造物を提供してもよい。次いで、含浸シートを約1000℃〜約2000℃の範囲の温度に曝露し、含浸シートを複合材料に変換してもよい。
本発明に関連して使用される炭素ナノチューブは様々なアプローチを用いて作製することができる。現在、炭素ナノチューブを成長させるための様々な方法およびその改変法が存在する。これらの方法としては以下の(1)〜(3)が挙げられる:
(1)化学蒸着法(Chemical Vapor Deposition)(CVD)、これは常圧付近または高圧で実施できる一般的な方法である;(2)アーク放電(Arc Discharge)、これは完成度の高いチューブを提供することができる高温法である;および(3)レーザーアブレーション(Laser ablation)。
本発明は、1つの実施形態において、不織炭素ナノチューブまたはナノ繊維の少なくとも1枚のシート(すなわち、炭素ナノチューブペーパー)から炭素−炭素複合材を製造する方法を提供する。
本発明の別の実施形態によると、炭素ナノチューブの「成長」配列によって強化されたガラス状炭素マトリクスを有する複合材料を製造する方法が提供される。換言すると、当該方法は、炭素含有樹脂材料内での固体状態での輸送(solid state transport)によって、ナノチューブ配列の形成および成長を可能としてもよいアプローチを提供し、この樹脂材料は、後に、ガラス状炭素マトリクス複合材に変換することができる。
本発明の1つの実施形態によると、上記の方法のいずれかで製造された複合材料は、約5重量%よりも多くの炭素ナノチューブを含んでいてもよく、また、様々な用途に利用することができる。
(1)高強度の成形部品(例えば、コンバットヘルメット、モーターサイクルヘルメット、フットボールヘルメットなど)、
(2)高温用途で使用する航空宇宙部品(例えば、極超音速用途の先端部(leading edges)、ロケットノズルなど)、
(3)モーター部品(例えば、ブレーキパッドおよびベアリング)、
(4)スポーツ用品(例えば、ラケット、ゴルフクラブ、自転車フレーム)、
(5)実質的に高温で使用する部品であって、熱伝導体、電気伝導体、建築用軽量パネルならびに、グラファイト用のコーティングが挙げられ、これらはコストを削減し、その一方で、高強度の耐摩耗性の表面を維持する。
(6)ガラス状炭素から作製された版画用プレートであって、これによって、耐水性を高めることができ、凹刻印刷または他の形態の印刷で使用するインクによる耐腐食特性を高めることができる、および
(7)生体適合性の移植可能な部品または構成要素(例えば、心臓弁およびステント)であって、ガラス状炭素マトリクスが体液と実質的に接触し、その一方で、ナノチューブ部分が複合材の中心領域またはコア領域および高ストレス領域に位置し得るように分割されているもの。
Claims (54)
- 複合材料の製造方法であって、以下の工程:
不織ナノチューブのシートを提供する工程であって、該不織ナノチューブがナノチューブ間に空隙を有する、工程;
該ナノチューブ間の空隙に樹脂材料を含浸させる工程;
該含浸シートを不活性雰囲気下に配置する工程;および
該含浸シートを約1000℃〜約2000℃の範囲の温度に曝露し、該含浸シートを複合材料に変換する工程;
を含む、方法。 - 前記提供工程において、前記ナノチューブが炭素ナノチューブである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記含浸工程が、前記シートを流体樹脂材料でコーティングする工程を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記コーティング工程において、前記流体樹脂材料がフルフリルアルコールである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記含浸工程が、ポリマー樹脂材料のシートを前記不織シート上で溶融させる工程を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記溶融工程において、前記樹脂材料のシートが、RESOL樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、Krayton樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリアリールエーテルケトン樹脂の1つあるいはその組み合わせを含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記配置工程において、不活性雰囲気が、アルゴン、ヘリウムまたは他の不活性ガスを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記曝露工程において、温度が約1700℃である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記曝露工程が、1℃/分未満〜約1℃/分の速度で温度を上昇させる工程を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記曝露工程が、前記シートからの流体副生成物を放散させる工程を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記提供工程が、複数の不織シートを互いに積層する工程を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記含浸工程が、加熱した基体上で各不織シートをコーティングする工程を含み、樹脂の硬化が生じた後に次の不織シートをその上に積層することができる、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記含浸工程が、隣接した不織シート間にポリマー樹脂のシートを設置する工程を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記設置工程において、1対の隣接した不織シート間のポリマー樹脂のシートが、
別の1対の隣接した不織シート間のポリマー樹脂シートとは異なり、得られる複合材料の異なる領域において異なる特性を提供する、請求項13に記載の方法。 - 複数の不織シートを互いに結合させて、形成された物品を提供する工程をさらに含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記結合工程が、約125℃〜約350℃の範囲の温度でシートの層に熱を付与する工程を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記形成された物品を最大で約3000℃の最終ランプ温度に供する工程をさらに含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 約0.01mmから約3mmを超える範囲の厚さを有する物品;
該物品にわたって分散された複数の不織ナノチューブであって、該ナノチューブ間に複数の空隙を提供する、不織ナノチューブ;および
該不織ナノチューブ間の空隙に位置する樹脂材料であって、物品に構造健全性を付与する、樹脂材料;
を含む、複合材料。 - 前記物品にわたって延びる経路をさらに含み、該経路によって、複合材料の製造の間に、流体副生成物を排出することができる通路を提供する、請求項18に記載の複合材料。
- 前記複数の不織ナノチューブが、前記物品の約5容量%よりも大きな量で存在する、請求項18に記載の複合材料。
- 前記ナノチューブが、炭素ナノチューブ、ケイ素−炭素ナノチューブ、ホウ素−炭素ナノチューブ、窒素−炭素ナノチューブの1つあるいはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項18に記載の複合材料。
- 前記物品のある領域の樹脂材料が、前記物品の別の領域の樹脂材料とは異なり、これらの領域において異なる特性を提供する、請求項18に記載の複合材料。
- 前記物品を三次元形状または三次元構造に形成することができる、請求項18に記載の複合材料。
- 三次元形状または三次元構造が、コンバットヘルメット、モーターサイクルヘルメット、フットボールヘルメットなどを含む高強度の成形部品;極超音速の部品およびロケットノズルを含む高温用途の部品;ならびに心臓弁(hear valves)およびステントを含む生物医学的なデバイスおよび部品を含む、請求項23に記載の複合材料。
- 複合材料の製造方法であって、以下の工程:
炭素含有樹脂材料を提供する工程;
適切な濃度の触媒粒子を該炭素含有樹脂材料に添加する工程;
該触媒添加樹脂を約1000℃〜約2000℃の範囲の温度に供する工程;
該樹脂中の炭素を該触媒粒子と結合させる工程;および
続いて、該樹脂材料内において、該触媒粒子からの炭素ナノチューブの配列の成長を許容する工程であって、複合材料の形成をもたらす工程;
を含む、方法。 - 前記提供工程において、前記樹脂材料が、アルキル−フェニルホルムアルデヒドを含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記添加工程において、前記触媒粒子の濃度が、前記樹脂材料中の炭素に対して、約0.005重量%〜約5重量%(触媒粒子)の範囲である、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記添加工程において、前記触媒粒子が、フェロセン;鉄ナノ粒子;鉄ペンタカルボニル;磁性遷移金属またはその合金のナノ粒子;これらの金属の酸化物、硝酸塩または塩化物;酸化物と還元可能な塩の任意の組み合わせ;あるいはこれらの金属の有機金属化合物の1つを含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記添加工程が、前記触媒添加樹脂に硫黄含有化合物を添加する工程を含み、該触媒添加樹脂を高温に付す際に前記触媒粒子のその後の活性を増強させる、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記添加工程が、Nb、Mo、Crの1つあるいはその組み合わせを前記触媒添加樹脂に添加する工程を含む、触媒粒子の大きさを改善して、成長するナノチューブの大きさを制御する、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記添加工程が、樹脂材料の異なる領域に異なる触媒粒子を添加する工程を含み、その後、得られる複合材料の異なる領域に異なる特性を提供する、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記温度に供する工程が、アルゴン、ヘリウムまたは他の不活性ガスを含む不活性雰囲気に前記触媒添加樹脂を配置する工程を含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記温度に供する工程において、温度が約1700℃である、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記温度に供する工程が、1℃/分未満〜約1℃/分の速度で温度を上昇させる工程を含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記温度に供する工程が、前記樹脂から流体副生成物を放散させる工程を含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記許容工程において、前記炭素が前記触媒粒子上に存在する炭素へと連続して結合することによって、触媒粒子からの炭素ナノチューブの成長をもたらす、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記複合材料を最大で約3000℃の最終ランプ温度に供する工程をさらに含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- ガラス状炭素マトリクス;
該マトリクスにわたって分散された複数の触媒粒子;および
ナノチューブの配列であって、各々が触媒粒子から伸びて、該ガラス状炭素マトリクスにさらなる構造健全性を付与する、ナノチューブの配列;
を含む、複合材料。 - 前記ナノチューブの配列が前記複合材の約5容量%よりも大きな量で存在する、請求項38に記載の複合材料。
- 前記ナノチューブが、炭素ナノチューブ、ケイ素−炭素、ホウ素−炭素ナノチューブ、窒素−炭素ナノチューブの1つあるいはその組み合わせを含む、請求項38に記載の複合材料。
- 前記複数の触媒粒子が、前記マトリクスの異なる領域において、製造法または濃度が異なり、これらの領域において複合材料に異なる特性を提供する、請求項38に記載の複合材料。
- 前記複数の触媒粒子がコントラスト剤として作用する、請求項38に記載の複合材料。
- 前記ナノチューブの配列をその中に有する三次元形状または三次元構造へと前記ガラス状炭素マトリクスを形成することができる、請求項38に記載の複合材料。
- 前記ナノチューブの配列をその中に有する薄膜またはコーティングとして、前記ガラス状炭素マトリクスを形成することができる、請求項38に記載の複合材料。
- 前記ナノチューブの配列をその中に有するフィラメント繊維へと前記ガラス状炭素マトリクスを押出成形することができる、請求項38に記載の複合材料。
- 前記フィラメント繊維が約0.5ミクロン〜約500ミクロンの範囲の直径を有する、請求項45に記載の複合材料。
- 前記ガラス状炭素マトリクスが、コンバットヘルメット、モーターサイクルヘルメット、フットボールヘルメットなどを含む高強度の成形部品;極超音速の部品およびロケットノズルを含む高温用途の部品;心臓弁(hear valves)およびステントを含む生物医学的なデバイスおよび部品;ならびにラケットおよびゴルフクラブなどのスポーツ用品に形成することができる、請求項38に記載の複合材料。
- 管内に配置するステントであって、
複数の交差フィラメントを有するチューブ状の伸張可能なマトリクス;
各フィラメントのコア内に位置する複数のナノチューブ;
ナノチューブの周囲に位置するガラス状炭素材料;および
該チューブ状マトリクスの一方の端部から他方の端部に延び、ガラス状炭素材料によって規定される表面を有する通路であって、該管内の流体がその中を流れることが可能となる、通路;
を含む、ステント。 - 前記チューブ状マトリクスの周囲にパターン化された表面をさらに含み、該マトリクスと前記管の表面との係合が可能となり、該管内でのステントの運動が最小となる、請求項48に記載のステント。
- 各ナノチューブの一方の端部に触媒粒子をさらに含み、該粒子がコントラスト剤として作用することができる、請求項48に記載のステント。
- 前記各ナノチューブの一方の端部の触媒粒子が、前記ステントに磁気特性を提供する、請求項50に記載のステント。
- 複合材繊維の製造方法であって、以下の工程:
炭素含有樹脂材料を提供する工程;
適切な濃度の触媒粒子を該炭素含有樹脂材料に添加する工程;
該触媒添加樹脂材料をフィラメント繊維へと該フィラメントの重合が可能な温度で押出成形する工程;
該押出成形フィラメント繊維を約1000℃〜約2000℃の範囲の温度に供する工程;
該樹脂中の炭素を該触媒粒子と結合させる工程;および
続いて、該樹脂材料内において、該触媒粒子からの炭素ナノチューブの配列の成長を許容する工程であって、複合材繊維の形成をもたらす工程;
を含む、方法。 - 前記押出成形工程において、前記温度が約50℃〜約150℃の範囲である、請求項52に記載の方法。
- 前記押出成形工程において、前記繊維が、約0.5ミクロン〜約500ミクロンの範囲の直径を有する、請求項52に記載の方法。
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JP2016074594A (ja) * | 2008-05-07 | 2016-05-12 | ナノコンプ テクノロジーズ インコーポレイテッド | ナノ構造複合材シートおよびその形成方法 |
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JP2019509909A (ja) * | 2016-01-29 | 2019-04-11 | 中国科学院蘇州納米技術与納米▲ファン▼生研究所 | カーボンナノチューブ集合体 |
KR20180065361A (ko) * | 2016-12-07 | 2018-06-18 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 유무기 복합 물질, 이를 포함하는 카운터 전극, 광 투과도 가변패널 및 표시장치 |
KR102693672B1 (ko) | 2016-12-07 | 2024-08-08 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 유무기 복합 물질, 이를 포함하는 카운터 전극, 광 투과도 가변패널 및 표시장치 |
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AU2006336412A1 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
EP1885652A4 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
ES2668999T3 (es) | 2018-05-23 |
EP2202202A2 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
EP2537800A3 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
EP2537800A2 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
WO2007086909A3 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
WO2007086909A2 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
EP2202202A3 (en) | 2012-09-12 |
EP2570385A3 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
US20100104849A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
EP1885652A2 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
EP2570385A2 (en) | 2013-03-20 |
EP2202202B1 (en) | 2018-02-21 |
JP5349042B2 (ja) | 2013-11-20 |
US20100324656A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
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