JP2008249725A - Method and device for generating chemical fusion energy with recoil lithium - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that the nuclear fusion enhancement effect is counteracted by a degradation of metal lithium due to the competing occurrence of chemical reactions generating lithium hydride in a liquid target though a reaction rate is enhanced by 10<SP>10</SP>or more times by thermodynamic force in a liquid in a chemical fusion reaction where deuterons or a proton beam with an energy of a few keV per atomic mass unit of around 10 keV per nucleon is injected into the liquid target of fused metal lithium. <P>SOLUTION: In order to exclude the competing chemical reactions in this invention, the inner surface of a reaction tank is covered with neutron absorbers such as metal lithium and boron or compounds of lithium and boron and ions of an inactive gas evolved through the electrical discharge in the reaction tank or molecular ions with light deuterium are injected into the liquid target made of fusion materials composed mainly of fused metal lithium. The injection generates recoil ions with energy of a few keV per atomic mass unit in the liquid target made of fused metal lithium, lithium alloy and the like and induces a chemical fusion reaction with recoil lithium which is enhanced by the thermodynamic force between the recoil ions and atoms of the liquid target materials without any competing chemical reactions. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a recoil lithium chemical fusion energy generation method and apparatus, and more particularly to a recoil lithium that targets a liquid composed of a fusion material mainly composed of molten metal lithium and is induced by recoil ions in the target generated by ion implantation. The present invention relates to a chemical fusion energy generation method and apparatus.

  At present, nuclear fusion at a practical level has not yet been realized. For this reason, the present inventors have disclosed Patent Document 1 (Method for generating recoilless non-thermonuclear fusion reaction and apparatus for generating recoilless thermal energy), Patent Document 2 (Method for generating molten lithium fusion reaction and fusion energy supply). Apparatus), Patent Document 3 (Non-thermonuclear power generation method and non-thermonuclear power generation apparatus), Patent Document 4 (nuclear fusion reactor), Patent Document 5 (Method of generating molten lithium fusion reaction and generation of molten lithium fusion energy) Apparatus), Patent Document 6 (enhanced fusion generation method and enhanced fusion energy generator).

The theory based on the second law of thermodynamics of these inventions is shown in Non-Patent Document 1, and the experimental verification of this theory is No. 2 in Non-Patent Document 2. 3 and Non-Patent Document 3. In these documents, non-thermonuclear fusion at a practical level can be achieved by existing means, and an example of the configuration of an energy device using this is shown.
JP 2003-270372 A JP 2002-207092 A JP 2003-066176 A JP 2003-130976 A JP 2003-130977 A JP 2005-049246 A Japan Journal of Applied Physics 40, 6092 (2001) by Eisuke Ikegami Bulletin of Institute of Chemistry, Uppsala University, September 2002 Eike Ikegami et al., Http: // www. inst. kemi. uu. se / Bulletin / Bulletinen_1. pdf Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 154.251 (2004) Eike Ikegami et al.

In each of the above-mentioned documents, there are the following problems that have not been completely solved for practical use. That is, in each of the above documents, a deuteron or proton beam with an energy of about 10 (kiloelectron volts) or less per nucleon is injected into a liquid target mainly composed of molten metal lithium, and the fusion rate is increased by 10 ¹⁰ times or more. A new principle nuclear fusion method, which is now called chemical fusion reaction, is disclosed. In this liquid metal lithium, a chemical reaction competing with the chemical fusion reaction generates lithium hydride to produce molten metal lithium. The liquid activity of the chemical deteriorates and the degree of chemical fusion reaction is reduced.

Implanted ions form a fusion atom with the atom in the liquid target at the collision point, and within the fusion atom, the collision nuclei are confined in a minimal space within pm (picometer or 10 ^-12 m) and zero-point energy of several keV There is a possibility of inducing ultra-high density interactions and inducing nuclear reactions due to the tunnel effect. When the chemical energy (called Gibbs energy) released by the atomic reaction of the fused atom formation is large, the lifetime of the fused atom formation is extended by a huge enhancement factor described later. As a result, the confinement time of the interacting nuclei is extended, and the nuclear reaction rate is increased by that factor.

  With such a mechanism, chemical nuclear fusion has realized the nuclear fusion occurring in the super high density white dwarf and supernova equivalent to 1 million times the thermonuclear plasma density inside the sun.

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to eliminate the chemical reaction competing with the chemical fusion reaction and to guarantee the complete metallicity of lithium, so that most of the implanted ions can induce a chemical chemical fusion that induces lithium chemical fusion. A fusion reaction generation method and a chemical fusion energy generation apparatus are provided.

  The recoil lithium chemical fusion energy generation method of the present invention is an inert gas or light deuterium ion generated by discharge in a reaction vessel whose inner surface is covered with a neutron absorber such as metallic lithium or boron or a compound of lithium or boron. Alternatively, a molecular ion is injected into a liquid target composed of a fusion material mainly composed of molten metal lithium to generate recoil ions with an energy of several kiloelectron volts per atomic mass unit, and the recoil ion and the target atom A chemical nuclear fusion reaction is induced between them, and a secondary nuclear reaction is induced in the neutron absorber and the liquid target by slow neutrons released by the nuclear fusion.

  In addition, the recoil lithium chemical fusion energy generator of the present invention comprises a liquid target composed of a fusion material mainly composed of molten metal lithium, a means for generating positive or negative atomic ions or molecular ions, and an inner surface of metal lithium. A reaction vessel that surrounds the liquid target, covered with a neutron absorber such as lithium, boron, or a compound of lithium or boron, and a velocity that generates recoil ions with an energy of several kiloelectron volts per atomic mass unit. And a means for injecting into the liquid target and inducing a chemical fusion reaction between recoil ions and the target atom, and the neutron absorber and the neutron absorber by the slow neutrons released by the fusion It is characterized by inducing a secondary nuclear reaction in a liquid target.

  In the present invention, a chemical fusion reaction inducing substance such as beryllium other than metallic lithium is mixed in the liquid target.

  In the present invention, the liquid target is stirred or fluidized, or a target temperature adjusting substance such as metallic sodium is mixed into the liquid target.

  According to the present invention, since the main component of the fusion reaction is mostly metallic lithium, a mixed gas of inert gas or light deuterium is applied to a liquid target made of a fusion material such as molten metal lithium or lithium alloy in a clean vacuum. Recoil ions generated by accelerating and injecting ions can react with atoms in the liquid target to enhance the lithium chemical fusion reaction. Therefore, safe and stable energy supply can be performed, and the handling is easy and simple.

(Theoretical basis of the present invention)

In general, implanted ions repeatedly collide with atoms of the liquid target substance, but most of the acceleration energy is transferred to the target atoms of the primary collision in the form of recoil energy. Mass of atoms of implanted ions and the target substance each m _i, and m _t, recoil energy Er When the injection energy and E ₀ of the ion is determined by the conservation law of momentum and energy, represented by the number 1.

As an example, when an ion of argon ⁴⁰ A collides with ⁷ Li of the target substance atom, Er = 0.51E ₀ . The recoil energy in secondary and subsequent collisions is as low as 1/4 or less of the energy of the injected argon, so in the fusion reaction in which the reaction probability decreases exponentially as the collision energy decreases, the recoil produced in the secondary and subsequent collisions. The contribution induced by lithium atoms is negligible.

  The mechanism similar to the chemical fusion reaction is the same as the non-patent document 1 except for the pycnonuclear reaction, which the astrophysicists think is occurring before the super high density white dwarf or supernova explosion. Previously there have been no reports either theoretically or experimentally. On the other hand, cold fusion is hydrogen-hydrogen fusion in solids without liquid activity, and is similar to hydrogen-hydrogen fusion in gas plasma and is not related to chemical fusion. Needless to say.

  Here, among the chemical fusion reactions, the recoil lithium chemical fusion reaction of the present invention will be described in detail by taking the fusion reaction of Formula 2 as an example.

Here, ¹² C ^* and ⁸ Be ^* are reaction-generated intermediate nuclei, 20.90 MeV is the reaction generation energy, and the unit MeV is 1 million electron volts.

In this case, all of the generated energy is released in the form of kinetic energy of the produced helium atom ⁴ He ions (alpha rays). In this reaction, when the recoil ⁶ Li ion energy is 40 keV (kilo electron volt), the Coulomb barrier penetration factor proportional to the fusion reaction rate is as small as 4.3 × 10 ⁻⁴⁸ , which is impossible with ordinary observation means. The reaction probability is small. However, in this energy region, the following atom conversion reaction of the following formula 3 occurs in addition to the fusion reaction of the formula 2.

  For this reason, in the fusion reaction number 2 of molten metal lithium, Gibbs energy change ΔGr = −4.7 eV in the atom conversion reaction of Equation 3 and the reaction enhancement of enormous value shown in Equation 4 by the thermodynamic force determined by the liquid target temperature T Factors are expected.

Here, k _B is a Boltzmann constant, and the Gibbs energy change ΔGr in the atomic conversion reaction number 3 is calculated from the generation energy Gf of each of lithium and carbon by the following equation (5).

For example, at an absolute temperature T = 460 K (Kelvin) close to the melting point of metallic lithium, k _B T = 0.040 eV, and the value of the enhancement factor shown in Equation 4 reaches 10 ⁵¹ . Therefore, the fusion reaction number 2 is generated at a large rate that cancels out the fine penetration factor through the atom conversion reaction number 3. Further, in consideration of the possibility that carbon of an intermediate product atom having an atom conversion reaction number of 3 binds to lithium with an energy of about 2.0 eV, the value of the Gibbs energy change number of 5 becomes −6.7 eV, and the enhancement factor is 10 ^Can be ⁷² .

  The fusion reaction rate enhancement effect has been confirmed by observing alpha rays (helium ions) generated in the nuclear reaction, and is disclosed in Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3 above.

For example, an increase in the fusion reaction rate of about 10 ¹⁴ times or 10 ¹² times has been observed in deuterium atom mixed ion implantation with acceleration energy of 10 keV (kiloelectron volt) and 20 keV at the melting point of metallic lithium.

In natural lithium whose liquid target is not concentrated ⁶ Li, the abundance ratio of ⁷ Li is 93%, and the fusion reactions shown in Equations 6 and 7 occur together with the fusion reaction of Equation 2.

  Here, n is a slow neutron.

  Since the slow neutrons released by the fusion are absorbed by metallic lithium or boron or a neutron absorber such as lithium or boron compound and the liquid target lithium as described in Patent Document 1, this secondary nucleus The reaction also generates energy. These fusion reactions and secondary nuclear reactions stop immediately when ion implantation is stopped or the target temperature rises due to the reaction, so energy generation can be easily controlled, and there is no energy or radiation emission when not in use. Therefore, it is possible to provide an energy source that is easy to handle with few restrictions on use.

  When the substance X is mixed into the molten lithium target and lithium is made into a molten alloy, the atomic conversion shown in the following equation 8 occurs in conjunction with the fusion reaction induced by recoil lithium ions. The Gibbs energy change before and after conversion in this case is as shown in the following equation (9).

  The following equation 10 is established between the Gibbs energy changes shown in the above equations 5 and 9.

When this relationship is established, the degree of enhancement of the chemical fusion reaction is improved as shown in the following equation 11, but the intermediately produced excited nucleus of carbon generated by the above-mentioned atom conversion reaction number 8 is within 10 ^-18 seconds. Since it splits into helium, the liberated X is alloyed with lithium again without disappearing. That is, this substance X has a function as a catalyst.

  As one specific example, consider the case where boron is mixed into lithium as catalyst X.

Boron does not combine with lithium at 300 ° C. or lower, but dissolves in lithium and has metallic properties to form an alloy. In the case of the chemical fusion reaction of a lithium-boron alloy, the Gibbs energy change represented by Equation 9 has an absolute value increased by about 2 eV from the value represented by Equation 5 in the case of lithium alone, and the atomic conversion reaction represented by Equation 8 above. The degree of enhancement of is more than 10 ²⁰ times greater than the atomic conversion reaction shown in Equation 3. Along with this, the degree of enhancement of the chemical fusion reaction is also greatly increased by the same multiple. When the recoil Li ion is a molecular ion, C ₂ acting as CX is generated and has an autocatalytic effect.

Next, consider the case where mixed ions exist in the implanted ions. As an example, when deuterium is mixed in the inert gas helium, a composite ion HeD ⁺ is generated, and in the liquid target lithium, the molecular conversion reaction shown in Formula 12 is induced together with the reaction by recoil lithium. .

Since the Gibbs energy change of this reaction is as significant as −5.11 eV, the reaction enhancement factor is 10 ⁵⁶ times, so all deuterons of the same ion undergo chemical fusion reaction with ⁷ Li or ⁶ Li. Therefore, in this case, even if deuterium is mixed in the inert gas, the molten metal lithium in the target is prevented from being deteriorated by a chemical reaction with deuterium. The fusion product is only helium as in the case of the lithium chemical fusion reaction.

  The recoil lithium chemical fusion energy generation method and apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an 8-unit PIG type ion source mounted as an example of a reactor main body 1 of a recoil lithium chemical nuclear fusion energy generator according to the present invention, including a molten metal lithium container 2, a PIG type ion source 3, a molten metal Liquid target 4 made of a fusion material mainly composed of metallic lithium or the same alloy, stirrer 5, ion acceleration electrode 6, magnetic pole cathode 7 of ion source, permanent magnet 8, ion source anode 9, ion beam 10, and container 2 It is comprised by each component of the neutron absorber 11 and the steam generation heat exchanger 12, such as metallic lithium and boron which covered the inner surface, or a compound of lithium and boron. However, equipment such as a molten metal lithium preheating system, a thermocouple array for extracting auxiliary energy, and a high-voltage power supply are omitted.

  The ion source 3 has a structure in which PIG type ion sources of an inert gas such as argon, neon, helium, or a mixed gas with light deuterium are integrated in parallel, and an ion beam 10 extracted from the ion source 10 is an acceleration electrode 6. Accelerates to a predetermined energy (a size that generates recoil ions with energy of several kiloelectron volts per atomic mass unit described later, for example, several tens of keV), and injects into molten metal lithium or lithium alloy of the liquid target 4; Generate recoil lithium ions. As a result, most recoil lithium ions induce a fusion reaction in the molten metal lithium surface layer, and generate helium ions having a discharge energy number MeV. Thermal energy from lithium or a lithium alloy heated by helium ions is taken out through a cooling medium such as a thermocouple train or liquid lithium.

  In the present invention, since the reaction product is helium, it can be taken out and effectively used by a helium recovery system, and no radioactive waste is generated.

  According to the above embodiment, inert gas ions can be introduced into the target metallic lithium in a clean vacuum, and the ion beam intensity can be freely controlled in the same manner as the acceleration energy by adjusting the gas pressure and applied voltage of the ion source. it can. As a result, an optimum energy generation amount can be obtained according to the purpose such as power generation or district heating, and a safe and stable energy source with few restrictions on use can be provided.

  In the present invention, instead of introducing the ion source 3, the space in the reactor main body 1 is filled with a dilute gas, and a high-voltage pulse is applied between the ion acceleration electrode 6 and the liquid target 4 mainly composed of molten lithium so that the gas Ionization and acceleration can be achieved simultaneously.

  The inner wall surface of the container 2 may be further covered with a gamma ray shielding material.

  The liquid target may contain a chemical fusion reaction inducing substance other than metallic lithium or a target temperature controlling substance such as metallic sodium.

It is explanatory drawing of the recoil lithium chemical fusion energy generator main body of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Reaction body of recoil lithium chemical fusion energy generator 2 Molten metal lithium container 3 PIG type ion source 4 Liquid target 5 Stirrer 6 Ion acceleration electrode 7 Magnetic pole cathode 8 Permanent magnet 9 Anode 10 Ion beam 11 Neutron absorber 12 Steam generating heat exchanger

Claims (9)

  Fusion of inert gas or light deuterium ions or molecular ions generated mainly by molten metal lithium in the reaction vessel whose inner surface is covered with a neutron absorber such as metallic lithium or boron or lithium or boron compounds. It is injected into a liquid target consisting of matter to generate recoil ions with an energy of several kiloelectron volts per atomic mass unit, and a chemical fusion reaction is induced between the recoil ions and target atoms. A method for generating recoil lithium chemical fusion energy, characterized in that secondary nuclear reactions are induced in the neutron absorber and the liquid target by slow neutrons released.   2. The recoil lithium chemical fusion energy generation method according to claim 1, wherein a chemical fusion reaction inducing substance such as beryllium other than metallic lithium is mixed into the liquid target.   2. The recoil lithium chemical fusion energy generation method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid target is agitated or fluidized to suppress a local temperature rise on the surface of the liquid target.   2. The recoil lithium chemical fusion energy generation method according to claim 1, wherein a temperature control substance such as metallic sodium is mixed into the liquid target in order to suppress a local temperature rise on the surface of the liquid target.   A means for generating positive or negative atomic ions or molecular ions and a liquid target composed of a fusion material mainly composed of molten metallic lithium, and an inner surface covered with a neutron absorber such as metallic lithium, boron, or a compound of lithium or boron A reaction vessel surrounding the liquid target and means for injecting the ions into the liquid target by accelerating the ions to a velocity that generates recoil ions with an energy of several kiloelectron volts per atomic mass unit. A chemical fusion reaction is induced between a recoil ion and a target atom, and a secondary nuclear reaction is induced in the neutron absorber and the liquid target by slow neutrons released by the fusion. Lithium chemical fusion energy generator.   6. The recoil lithium chemical fusion energy generator according to claim 5, wherein the inner surface of the reaction vessel is further covered with a gamma ray shielding material.   7. The recoil lithium chemical fusion energy generating device according to claim 5, wherein a chemical fusion reaction inducing substance such as beryllium other than metallic lithium is mixed in the liquid target.   8. The recoil lithium chemical fusion energy generator according to claim 5, 6 or 7, wherein the liquid target is agitated or fluidized to suppress a local temperature rise on the surface of the liquid target.   The recoil lithium chemical fusion energy according to claim 5, 6 or 7, wherein a temperature control substance such as metallic sodium is mixed in the liquid target to suppress a local temperature rise on the surface of the liquid target. Generator.

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