JP2006121874A - 電源装置およびこれを搭載した車両 - Google Patents
電源装置およびこれを搭載した車両 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 34
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
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- B60L2240/662—Temperature
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Abstract
【解決手段】高容量電池110と、高容量電池110よりも内部抵抗および容量が小さい高出力電池120とが、高容量電池110の電圧を受けて昇圧した電圧を高出力電池120に加えるDC−DCコンバータ130を介して、並列に接続される。さらに、DC−DCコンバータ130によって電圧を昇圧する昇圧状態と、昇圧を停止して高容量電池110および高出力電池120を並列接続する昇圧停止状態とを切り替えるコントローラ140を有する。
【選択図】図1
Description
図1は、本発明の第1の実施の形態である電源装置の概略構成を示すブロック図である。本実施の形態の電源装置100は、低温時に、高容量電池110と高出力電池120との間に強制的に電位差を発生させることで、電池110,120間での充放電を迅速に進行させ、電池110,120を昇温するものである。
第1の実施の形態では、低温時に電池を昇温する処理について述べた。本実施の形態では、高容量電池および高出力電池の充電量の差が大きい場合に電源装置の出力低下を防止する処理について述べる。ここで、充電量(SOC:State of Charge)とは、電池の定格容量に対して充電容量を比率で示した値であり、たとえば、満充電状態を100%、充電量ゼロの状態を0%で表示する。電源装置の出力の低下を防止する見地からは、高容量電池と高出力電池のSOCの差が小さい方が望ましい。本実施の形態の電源装置は、前述したSOCの差が大きい場合に、電池間に強制的に電位差を発生させることで、電池間での充放電を迅速に進行させて、SOCの均一化を図り、電源装置の出力低下を防止するものである。
本実施の形態は、本電源装置の高容量電池および高出力電池に対して、燃料電池を並列に接続した実施の形態である。
上述した第1〜第3の実施の形態では、高容量電池110として一般電池を使用し、高出力電池120としてバイポーラ電池を使用した。しかしながら、本発明は、これらに限られるものではない。本実施の形態は、図13に示されるように、高容量電池110と高出力電池120の組み合わせを変更したものである。なお、電池の組み合わせを除いては、第1〜第3の実施の形態と同様であるため、ブロック図は省略する。
第1の組み合わせは、高出力電池120の電極上の電極活物質層が、高容量電池110の電極上の電極活物質層よりも薄く形成される場合の一例である。
第2の組み合わせは、高容量電池110と高出力電池120の電極材料が異なる場合の一例である。図13では、たとえば、高容量電池110がニッケル水素電池であり、高出出力電池120がリチウムイオン電池である。
本実施の形態は、上記第1〜第4の実施の形態の電源装置が搭載されている車両の実施の形態である。
110 高容量電池(第1の電池)、
120 高出力電池(第2の電池)、
130 DC−DCコンバータ(昇圧手段)、
140 コントローラ(制御手段)、
150 温度検出装置(温度検出手段)、
160 電流検出装置、
170 SOC検出装置(充電量検出手段)、
200 インバータ、
300 モータ、
400 燃料電池、
500 車両。
Claims (14)
- 第1の電池と、前記第1の電池よりも内部抵抗および容量が小さい第2の電池とが、前記第1の電池の電圧を受けて昇圧した電圧を前記第2の電池に加える昇圧手段を介して、並列に接続されることを特徴とする電源装置。
- 前記昇圧手段によって電圧を昇圧する昇圧状態と、昇圧を停止して前記第1および第2の電池を並列接続する昇圧停止状態とを切り替える制御手段を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電源装置。
- 前記第1および第2の電池の少なくとも一方の温度を検出する温度検出手段を有し、
前記制御手段は、前記温度検出手段が検出する温度に基づいて、前記昇圧状態と前記昇圧停止状態とを切り替えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電源装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記温度検出手段が検出する前記第1または第2の電池の温度が所定値よりも低い場合、前記昇圧状態と前記昇圧停止状態とを切り替えることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の電源装置。
- 前記制御手段は、前記昇圧状態と前記昇圧停止状態とを交互に切り替えることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の電源装置。
- 前記第1および第2電池の少なくとも一方の充電量を検出する充電量検出手段を有し、
前記制御手段は、前記充電量検出手段が検出する充電量に基づいて、前記昇圧状態と前記昇圧停止状態とを切り替えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電源装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記充電量検出手段が検出する前記第1および第2の電池の充電量の差が所定値よりも大きい場合、前記昇圧状態と前記昇圧停止状態とを切り替えることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の電源装置。
- 前記第1の電池は、正極活物質層を形成した正極と、負極活物質層を形成した負極とを、電解質層を介して積層した一般電池であり、
前記第2の電池は、一枚の集電体の一方の面に正極活物質層を形成し、他方の面に負極活物質層を形成したバイポーラ電極を、電解質層を介して複数積層したバイポーラ電池であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電源装置。 - 前記第2の電池は、前記第1の電池よりも、電極上の電極活物質層が薄く形成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電源装置。
- 前記第1および第2の電池は、リチウムイオン電池であることを特徴とする請求項8または請求項9のいずれか一つに記載の電源装置。
- 前記第1の電池は、ニッケル水素電池であり、前記第2の電池は、リチウムイオン電池であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電源装置。
- さらに、前記第1および第2の電池に対して、燃料電池を並列に接続したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電源装置。
- 前記昇圧手段は、DC−DCコンバータであることを特徴とする請求項1〜請求項12のいずれか一つに記載の電源装置。
- 請求項1〜請求項13のいずれか一つに記載の電源装置を搭載した車両。
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JP2004309959A JP4400414B2 (ja) | 2004-10-25 | 2004-10-25 | 電源装置およびこれを搭載した車両 |
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