JP2005185041A - Structure of permanent magnet type generator for distributed power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem wherein relation among the number of teeth of a stator favorable in starting torque and winding workability, the winding connecting method and the number of poles of a rotor is not clarified, in a permanent magnet type generator of a generation set for a distributed power supply that extracts an approximated maximum output from a windmill by a diode rectifier, without using a PWM converter. <P>SOLUTION: In the permanent magnet type generator, the number of poles of the rotor is set as 6, the number of teeth of the stator is set as 9, and the number of types of windings that generate different induction voltages is set as 3. The first winding lowest, in the induction voltage generated, is wound round the tooth of each of the first to third stators, the second winding second-lowest in generated induction voltage is wound round the tooth of each of the fourth to sixth stators, and the third winding having the highest induction voltage is wound round the tooth of each of the seventh to ninth stators, thus allowing the three types of the windings to constitute three phases, respectively. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a structure of a permanent magnet generator for a distributed power source that extracts an approximate maximum output from a permanent magnet generator driven by a windmill or a water turbine.

  In order to obtain an approximate maximum output from a permanent magnet generator connected to a windmill or a water turbine without using a PWM converter, the present applicant firstly uses a different permanent magnet generator. Regarding the power generator for distributed power supply that connects individual rectifiers in series via individual reactors to the output terminals of multiple windings that generate induced voltage, adds the DC output of these individual rectifiers, and outputs them to the outside. This is proposed in “Small wind power generator” of Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-221714 (Patent Document 1).

The prior application technique will be described in detail with reference to a main circuit single line connection diagram showing a power generator for a distributed power source connected to the wind turbine of FIG.
In FIG. 8, 1 is a windmill, 2 is a power generator for distributed power supply of the prior application, 3 is a permanent magnet generator, 4 to 6 are first to third reactors, and 7 to 9 are first to third. The rectifier 10 is a positive output terminal, 11 is a negative output terminal, 12 is a battery, and 13 to 15 are output terminals of the first to third windings.

This permanent magnet generator 3 has three windings that are insulated and have different induced voltages, and since the number of turns in the three windings is the smallest, the output of the first winding having the lowest induced voltage is provided. The terminal 13 is connected to the first reactor 4 and further connected to the first rectifier 7.
Next, the output terminal 14 of the second winding having the largest number of turns is connected to the second reactor 5 and further connected to the second rectifier 8.
Further, since the number of turns is the largest, the output terminal 15 of the third winding having the highest induced voltage is connected to the third reactor 6 and further to the third rectifier 9.
The DC side of each of the first to third rectifiers 7 to 9 is connected to the positive output terminal 10 and the negative output terminal 11, and the total output of each winding is connected to the battery 12.

A method of obtaining a rough maximum wind turbine output from the power generator 2 for a distributed power source configured as described above will be described below.
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the wind turbine rotation speed versus the wind turbine output characteristic when the wind speed is used as a parameter.
When the shape of the windmill and the wind speed U are determined, the windmill output P with respect to the windmill rotational speed N is uniquely determined. For example, the windmill output P with respect to the wind speeds Ux and Uy is indicated by a solid line in FIG. And the peak of the windmill output P with respect to various wind speeds becomes like the maximum output curve shown with the dashed-dotted line of FIG.
That is, when the wind speed is Ux in the wind turbine rotation speed vs. wind turbine output characteristics of FIG. 7, the wind turbine maximum output Px at the wind turbine rotation speed Nx as indicated by the intersection Sx of the wind turbine output curve of the wind speed Ux and the maximum output curve. It becomes.
When the wind speed is Uy, the windmill maximum output Py at the wind speed Uy is obtained at the windmill rotational speed Ny.

  In other words, looking at the maximum output curve in FIG. 7 in order to obtain the maximum output from the wind, when the wind turbine rotation speed N is determined, the output P of the permanent magnet generator at that time is uniquely determined to be the maximum. This indicates that the value on the output curve may be determined.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram in the case where the DC output of the distributed power generator 2 targeted by the prior application technology is connected to a constant voltage source such as a battery, and the inside 3 of the permanent magnet generator of the distributed power generator 2 The output of the first to third windings of FIG. 6 is caused by the difference in the induced voltage value of each winding and the voltage drop due to the individual inductance connected to each winding internal inductance and each output terminal. W1-W3 shown in the number vs. output characteristics.

That is, when the wind turbine rotation speed N is low, the voltage generated in the third winding is lower than the battery voltage, so the battery is not charged. However, when the wind turbine rotational speed N rises to near N3, current starts to flow, and when the wind turbine rotational speed N reaches N3, the output W3 of the third winding becomes PW3. Even if the wind turbine rotation speed N increases further and the induced voltage rises, the battery voltage is almost constant, but the impedance due to the inductance of the winding is proportional to the frequency, so the output W3 gradually increases from PW3. Stay on.
As for the second winding, an output can be obtained by further increasing the rotational speed N, but a large output can be obtained because the internal inductance and the like are small. As for the first winding, when the rotation speed N further increases, a larger output can be obtained.

The output to the constant voltage source such as the battery 12 of the power generator 2 for the distributed power source configured as described above is the same as the total output obtained by adding the outputs W1 to W3 of the first to third windings. .
FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of wind turbine rotation speed vs. wind turbine output of the distributed power generator targeted by the prior application technique.
The maximum output curve shown by the solid line in FIG. 5 is the same curve as the maximum output curve shown in FIG. 7. If the output P with respect to the wind turbine rotation speed N is on this curve, the maximum output can be extracted from the wind turbine.
Therefore, in the power generator 2 for the distributed power source, the output is approximately extracted with the output on the approximate output curve as shown by the dotted line in FIG. That is, the total output on the approximate output curve is realized by the output obtained by adding the outputs W1 to W3 of the first to third windings.
Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-221714 (FIG. 1)

  In the permanent magnet generator 3 of the power generator 2 for the distributed power source as described above, the relationship among the number of good stator teeth, the winding connection method, and the number of rotor poles for obtaining the total output on the approximate output curve is unknown. There was a problem of being.

  Therefore, in the present invention, in the permanent magnet generator 3, the number of rotor poles is 6 and the number of stator teeth is 9, and three types of windings that generate different induced voltages are used. A first winding with the lowest induced voltage is wound around the child teeth, and a second winding with the next lowest induced voltage is wound around the fourth to sixth stator teeth. The stator teeth are wound with a third winding having the highest induced voltage, and the three types of windings constitute three phases.

  In the present invention, it is possible to reduce the starting torque of the permanent magnet generator that takes out the approximate maximum output by converting alternating current into direct current without using a PWM converter. The relationship between the number of stator teeth, the winding connection method and the number of rotor poles that can be reduced in type can be given.

  Further, in the present invention, in the permanent magnet generator 3, the number of rotor poles is 10, the stator teeth are 12, and the windings generating different induced voltages are three types, and the first, second, fifth, sixth, ninth Only the first winding having a low induced voltage is wound around the 10 stator teeth, and the second, higher induced voltage than the windings is wound on the third, fourth, seventh, eighth, eleventh and twelve stator teeth. And the third winding, the first and second stator teeth, the fifth and sixth stator teeth, the ninth and tenth stator teeth, the third and fourth stator teeth, The windings wound around the seventh and eighth stator teeth and the eleventh and twelfth stator teeth are opposite to each other, and are connected in series to form the same phase. It constitutes three phases.

  FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein 3 is a permanent magnet generator, 50 is a stator, 51 is a stator yoke, and 60 is a rotor. Here, the number of rotor poles is 6, the number of stator teeth is 9, and three types of windings that generate different induced voltages are used, and the first to third stator teeth 31 to 33 have the lowest induced voltage. The first windings 111, 211, 311 are wound, and the fourth to sixth stator teeth 34 to 36 are wound with the second windings 121, 221, 321 having the next lowest induced voltage, and the seventh to Nine stator teeth 37 to 39 are wound with third windings 131, 231 and 331 having the highest induced voltage, and the three types of windings constitute three phases.

  The three types of windings wound around the stator teeth in this way output W1 of FIG. 5 by the first windings 111, 211, 311 and FIG. 5 by the second windings 121, 221 and 321. W2 is output, and the third windings 131, 231 and 331 output W3 in FIG.

The permanent magnet generator 3 of the power generator 2 for a distributed power source with a small number of manufacturing steps can be configured by the number of stator teeth and the winding connection method having the configuration of FIG. Furthermore, since the number of rotor poles is 6 and the number of stator teeth is 9, the least common multiple is 18, and the change in magnetic resistance is small, so that the torque at the time of starting the permanent magnet generator can be reduced.
Also, when a current flows through the winding of the permanent magnet generator 3 and the magnetic attractive force in the radial direction becomes a problem, the number of rotor poles is increased to n times 6 by the same integer n of 2 or more. If the number is configured to be n times nine, the magnetic attractive force in the radial direction can be balanced.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of the present invention. The number of rotor poles is 10, the number of stator teeth is 12, and three types of windings generating different induced voltages are used. Each of the windings constitutes three phases. The same numbers as those in FIG. 1 represent the same components.
The first winding with the lowest induced voltage is generated on the first and second stator teeth 31 and 32, the fifth and sixth stator teeth 35 and 36, and the ninth and tenth stator teeth 39 and 40. 111, 112, 211, 212, and 311 and 312 are wound.
Here, the winding 112 is wound in series in the reverse direction with respect to the winding 111 to form a U phase, and the winding 212 is wound in series in the reverse direction to the winding 211 to form a V phase. The winding 312 is wound in series in the reverse direction with respect to the winding 311 to form a W phase and outputs W1 in FIG.

The third and fourth stator teeth 33 and 34, the seventh and eighth stator teeth 37 and 38, and the eleventh and twelfth stator teeth 41 and 42 have the second lowest induced voltage generated. The windings 121, 122, 221, 222, and 321, 322 and the third windings 131, 132, 231, 232, and 331, 332 that generate the highest induced voltage are wound.
Here, the winding 122 is wound in the reverse direction with respect to the winding 121 to form the U phase, and the winding 222 is wound in the reverse direction with respect to the winding 221 to form the V phase. Is wound in the reverse direction with respect to the winding 321 to form a W phase, and outputs W2 in FIG.
Further, the winding 132 is wound in the reverse direction with respect to the winding 131 to form the U phase, the winding 232 is wound in the reverse direction with respect to the winding 231 to form the V phase, and the winding 332 is W phase is wound around the winding 331 in the reverse direction, and W3 in FIG. 5 is output.

Here, two types of small windings are wound around the third and fourth stator teeth 33, 34, etc. until the winding work is complicated, between the stator teeth and the stator yoke 51. This is to reduce the volume of the permanent magnet generator 3 by making the winding occupancy ratios of the stator slots to be configured the same as much as possible to eliminate useless space.

Compared with the configuration shown in the first embodiment of the present invention in FIG. 1, there are more types of windings wound on the same stator tooth, but the number of manufacturing steps is compared. Therefore, it is possible to configure the permanent magnet generator 3 of the power generator 2 for the distributed power source.
Further, since the number of rotor poles is 10 and the number of stator teeth is 12, the least common multiple is 60, which is larger than the configuration shown in the first embodiment of the present invention in FIG. 1, and the change in magnetic resistance is smaller. Therefore, the torque at the time of starting the permanent magnet generator can be further reduced.

In the permanent magnet generator 3 requiring multiple poles, the number of rotor poles may be configured to be n times 10 and the number of stator teeth 12 times by the same integer n of 2 or more.
When n is an integer of 2 or more, the induced voltages of the three types of windings can be connected in series or in parallel and output to the outside in accordance with the battery voltage.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of the present invention. The number of rotor poles is 16, the number of stator teeth is 18, and three types of windings generating different induced voltages are used. Each of the windings constitutes three phases. The same numbers as those in FIG. 1 represent the same components.
First U-phase windings 111 to 113 are wound around first to third stator teeth 31 to 33, and first V-phase windings 211 to 111 are wound around seventh to ninth stator teeth 37 to 39. 213 is wound, and first W-phase windings 311 to 313 are wound around the 13th to 15th stator teeth.
Here, the first U-phase winding 112 is in the opposite direction to the other first U-phase windings, and the first V-phase winding 212 is in the opposite direction to the other first V-phase windings. Further, the first W-phase winding 312 is wound in the opposite direction to the other first W-phase windings, and outputs W1 in FIG.

The second U-phase windings 121 to 123 and the third U-phase windings 131 to 133 are wound around the fourth to sixth stator teeth 34 to 36, and the tenth to twelfth stator teeth 40 to 42 are wound. The second V-phase windings 221 to 223 and the third V-phase windings 231 to 233 are wound around the 16th to 18th stator teeth, and the second W-phase windings 321 to 323 and the third W-phase windings 331 to 333 are wound.
Here, second U-phase winding 122 is in the opposite direction to the other second U-phase winding, and second V-phase winding 222 is in the opposite direction to the other second V-phase winding. Further, the second W-phase winding 322 is wound in the opposite direction to the other second W-phase windings, and outputs W2 in FIG.
Also, the third U-phase winding 132 is in the opposite direction to the other third U-phase winding, and the third V-phase winding 232 is in the opposite direction from the other third V-phase winding. Further, the third W-phase winding 332 is wound in the opposite direction to the other third W-phase windings to output W3 in FIG.

Compared with the configuration shown in the first embodiment of the present invention in FIG. 1, there are more types of windings wound on the same stator tooth by the number of stator teeth and the winding connection method of the configuration in FIG. Therefore, it is possible to configure the permanent magnet generator 3 of the power generator 2 for the distributed power source.
Further, since the number of rotor poles is 16 and the number of stator teeth is 18, its least common multiple is 72, which is larger than the configuration shown in the second embodiment of the present invention in FIG. 2, and the change in magnetic resistance is smaller. Therefore, the torque at the time of starting the permanent magnet generator can be further reduced.

In the permanent magnet generator 3 that requires multiple poles, the number of rotor poles may be configured to be n times 16 and the number of stator teeth 18 times by the same integer n of 2 or more.
When n is an integer of 2 or more, the induced voltages of the three types of windings can be connected in series or in parallel and output to the outside in accordance with the battery voltage.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The number of rotor poles is 8, the number of stator teeth is 6, and three types of windings generating different induced voltages are used. Each of the windings constitutes three phases. The same numbers as those in FIG. 1 represent the same components.
First U-phase windings 111, 112, second U-phase windings 121, 122, and third U-phase windings 131, 132 are wound around the first and fourth stator teeth 31, 34, Wind the first V-phase windings 211 and 212, the second V-phase windings 221 and 222, and the third V-phase windings 231 and 232 around the second and fifth stator teeth 32 and 35, The first W-phase windings 311 and 312, the second W-phase windings 321 and 322, and the third W-phase windings 331 and 332 are wound around the third and sixth stator teeth 33 and 36.

  Here, the first U-phase windings 111 and 112, the first V-phase windings 211 and 212, and the first W-phase windings 311 and 312 are connected in series to output W1 in FIG. To do. Further, the second U-phase windings 121 and 122, the second V-phase windings 221 and 222, and the second W-phase windings 321 and 322 are connected in series to output W2 in FIG. . Furthermore, third U-phase windings 131 and 132, third V-phase windings 231 and 232, and third W-phase windings 331 and 332 are connected in series to output W3 in FIG.

Although the number of types of windings wound around the same stator teeth is larger than that of the configuration shown in the first embodiment of the present invention in FIG. Therefore, it is possible to configure the permanent magnet generator 3 of the power generator 2 for the distributed power source with a small number of manufacturing steps.
Further, since the number of rotor poles is 8 and the number of stator teeth is 6, the least common multiple is 24, and the change in magnetic resistance is small, so that the torque at the time of starting the permanent magnet generator can be reduced.

In the permanent magnet generator 3 that requires multiple poles, the ratio of the number of rotor poles to the number of stator teeth is set to an integer n excluding n = 1, such as 8: 6, 12: 9, and 16:12. The number of rotor poles may be configured to be n times 4 and the number of stator teeth may be n times 3.
The induced voltages of the three types of windings can be connected in series or in parallel and output to the outside in accordance with the battery voltage.

In the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the inner rotor has been described. However, the outer rotor can be similarly configured.

By using such a permanent magnet generator of a power generator for a distributed power source, the workability of the winding is good for obtaining the total output on the approximate output curve in accordance with the output characteristics of the windmill or turbine, and the starting torque Can provide a small relationship between the number of stator teeth, the winding connection method, and the number of rotor poles, which is very useful in practice.

FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a permanent magnet generator of a power generator for a distributed power source driven by a first windmill or water turbine according to the present invention. (Example 1) FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a permanent magnet generator of a distributed power generator that is driven by a second windmill or water turbine according to the present invention. (Example 2) FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a permanent magnet generator of a distributed power generator that is driven by a third windmill or water turbine of the present invention. Example 3 FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a permanent magnet generator of a power generator for a distributed power source driven by a fourth wind turbine or water turbine according to the present invention. (Example 4) It is a windmill rotation speed vs. windmill output characteristic figure of the generator device for distributed power sources which a prior application technique makes object. It is a figure for demonstrating the operation | movement principle of the power generator for distributed power supplies which a prior application technique makes object. It is a figure explaining the outline | summary of a windmill rotation speed versus windmill output characteristic when a wind speed is made into a parameter. It is a main circuit single line connection diagram of the power generator for distributed power supplies of prior application technology.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Windmill 2 Distributed power generator 3 Permanent magnet type generators 4-6 First to third reactors 7-9 First to third rectifiers 10 Positive output terminal 11 Negative output terminal 12 Batteries 13-15 1st to 3rd output terminals 31 to 48 1st to 18th stator teeth 50 Stator 51 Stator yoke 60 Rotors 111 to 113 First U-phase windings 211 to 213 First V-phase winding 311 313 First W-phase windings 121-123 Second U-phase windings 221-223 Second V-phase windings 321-323 Second W-phase windings 131-133 Third U-phase winding 231 ~ 233 Third V-phase winding 331-333 Third W-phase winding

Claims (4)

The AC output of a permanent magnet generator that is driven by a windmill or a water turbine and is composed of a plurality of windings that generate different induced voltages is connected in series to the output terminals of the plurality of windings via individual reactors. In the permanent magnet generator 3 of the power generator for a distributed power source that rectifies by an individual rectifier and adds the direct current output of the individual rectifier and outputs it to the outside, the number of rotor poles is 6 and the number of stator teeth is 9 Three types of windings that generate different induced voltages are used, the first winding having the lowest induced voltage is wound around the first to third stator teeth, and the fourth to sixth stator teeth are generated. The second winding with the next lowest induced voltage is wound, and the third winding having the highest induced voltage is wound on the seventh to ninth stator teeth. A structure of a permanent magnet generator for a distributed power source, characterized by comprising: The number of rotor poles is 10, the stator teeth are 12, the windings generating different induced voltages are three types, and the first winding is used for the first, second, fifth, sixth, ninth and tenth stator teeth. The winding of the second stator tooth is wound in the opposite direction to the winding of the first stator tooth to form the U phase, and the winding of the sixth stator tooth is the fifth fixed Winding in the opposite direction with respect to the winding of the child tooth constitutes the V phase, and winding of the tenth stator tooth is wound in the opposite direction with respect to the winding of the ninth stator tooth to form the W phase. And the third, fourth, seventh, eighth, eleventh and twelfth stator teeth are wound with the second and third windings, and the fourth stator tooth winding is the third fixed. Each of the stator teeth is wound in the opposite direction to form a U phase, and each of the eighth stator teeth is wound in the opposite direction with respect to the seventh stator teeth. The V-phase is formed, and the winding of the twelfth stator tooth is changed to the winding of the eleventh stator tooth. Claim 1 structure of a permanent magnet generator for distributed power wherein the wound in opposite directions, characterized in that each constituting the W phase and.   The number of rotor poles is 16, the number of stator teeth is 18, three types of windings generating different induced voltages, the first U-phase winding is wound around the first to third stator teeth, A first V-phase winding is wound around the ninth stator tooth, a first W-phase winding is wound around the thirteenth to fifteenth stator teeth, and a second is wound around the fourth to sixth stator teeth. The U-phase winding and the third U-phase winding are wound, the second V-phase winding and the third V-phase winding are wound around the 10th to 12th stator teeth, and the 16th to 18th fixings are wound. The second W-phase winding and the third W-phase winding are wound around the child teeth, and the windings wound around the second, fifth, eighth, eleventh, fourteenth and seventeenth stator teeth are wound around the other stator teeth. The structure of a permanent magnet generator for a distributed power source according to claim 1, wherein the structure is wound in a direction opposite to the wire.   The number of rotor poles is 8, the number of stator teeth is 6, and three types of windings generating different induced voltages are used, and the first to third U-phase windings are wound around the first and fourth stator teeth. The first to third V-phase windings are wound around the second and fifth stator teeth, and the first to third W-phase windings are wound around the third and sixth stator teeth. The structure of the permanent magnet generator for a distributed power source according to claim 1.

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