JP2005095137A - Seafood breeding equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rearing apparatus for fish and shellfish that can allow fish and shellfish to be raised good. <P>SOLUTION: At the bottom of the rearing tank 1, a water-passing plate 2 for allowing water to pass through, as the flowing resistance is given and the inside of the rearing tank 1 is separated into the rearing chamber 3 for rearing fish and shellfish on the upper side of the water-passing plate 2, and the water-feeding chamber 4 on the lower side and simultaneously a sand-like particle layer 5 is provided on the upper side of the water-passing plate 2. Further, a water feeding means 6 is equipped for feeding water to the water-feeding chamber 4, as the pressure is controlled at a prescribed one and the water fed from the feeding means 6 to the water-feeding chamber 4 is allowed to pass through the water-passing plate 2 and the sand-like substance layer 5, then into the rearing chamber 3. The water can be allowed to flow through the sand-like substance layer 5 from the lower side to the upper side at a certain water pressure and there does not happen to give the fish and shellfish hiding in the sand-like substance layer 5 the stress caused by intermittent strong water flow. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a fish and shellfish breeding apparatus for breeding fish and shellfish in a breeding aquarium provided with a sandy material layer.

  When seafood is cultivated in a breeding aquarium or temporarily cultivated, it is circulated while purifying the breeding water in the breeding aquarium. And when cultivating seafood such as prawn that has a habit of submerging in sand, sandy substances such as sand are spread on the bottom of the breeding aquarium to form a sandy substance layer as a sand floor (for example, Patent Document 1).

In such an aquaculture system in which a sandy material layer is formed as a sand bed at the bottom of the breeding aquarium, foreign substances such as shrimp shells and residual food are likely to remain in the sandy material layer. Therefore, in the invention of Patent Document 1, by allowing a water flow to pass through the sandy substance layer from the lower side to the upper side, the foreign matter is levitated, and the levitated foreign matter is excluded to the outside of the breeding water tank. Yes. And in this invention of Patent Document 1, the water tank is connected to the breeding water tank by a siphon water supply pipe, and the water is intermittently supplied from the water tank to the breeding water tank by the siphon action. Is allowed to pass through the sandy substance layer, so that the foreign matter in the sandy substance layer can be reliably removed with a strong water flow.
JP 2002-159241 A

  However, if water is intermittently supplied to the breeding tank by siphon action in this way so that a strong water flow passes through the sandy material layer, seafood such as prawns that are submerged in the sandy material layer have a strong water flow. May be pushed out of the sandy material layer. In particular, when raising prawns such as prawns, the water flow is pushed out from the sandy material layer every time the water flow passes through the sandy material layer. Therefore, in the invention of Patent Document 1, there is a problem that stress acts on the fish and shellfish reared every time the water flow passes through the sandy substance layer, which may adversely affect the growth of the fish and shellfish. It was a thing.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fish and shellfish breeding apparatus capable of growing fish and shellfish well.

  The fish and shellfish breeding apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention has a water flow plate 2 that allows water to pass through the bottom of the breeding aquarium 1 while providing flow resistance. Water that supplies water to the water supply chamber 4 while being divided into a breeding room 3 for breeding seafood and a lower water supply chamber 4 and a sandy substance layer 5 on the water flow plate 2 and controlled to a predetermined water pressure. A supply means 6 is provided, and water supplied from the water supply means 6 to the water supply chamber 4 is circulated to the breeding room 3 through the water plate 2 and the sandy substance layer 5.

  According to this invention, water can be circulated from the lower side to the upper side of the sandy material layer 5 at a constant water pressure and flow rate, and the fish and shellfish that have submerged in the sandy material layer 5 are stressed by intermittent strong water flow. The foreign substances in the sand-like substance layer 5 can be floated by a water flow without giving any water, and can be grown well without adversely affecting the growth of seafood.

  Further, the invention of claim 2 is that, in claim 1, the water supply means 6 is formed by the water level adjusting tank 8 provided with the water level control means 7, and the bottom of the water level adjusting tank 8 and the water supply chamber 4 of the breeding water tank 1 are provided. And the water in the water level adjusting tank 8 is supplied to the water supply chamber 4 by the water pressure due to the difference in water level between the water level adjusting tank 8 and the breeding water tank 1.

  According to the present invention, water is supplied to the water supply chamber 4 at a constant water pressure and flow rate using the water pressure due to the difference in water level between the water level adjusting tank 8 and the breeding tank 1, and the water is supplied to the sandy substance layer 5. Thus, there is no need to provide a complicated control system as in the case of supplying water at a constant water pressure and flow rate using a pump.

  Further, the invention of claim 3 is that in claim 2, the water level control means 7 is formed so as to adjust the water level in the water level adjusting tank 8 according to the growth state of the seafood bred in the breeding tank 1. It is characterized by.

  According to this invention, the hydraulic pressure of the water that flows through the sandy substance layer 5 from the lower side to the upper side according to the size of the body that changes according to the growth state of the seafood, the dirt in the sandy substance layer 5, etc. And the flow rate can be adjusted, and seafood can be grown better.

  In addition, the invention of claim 4 is provided with a return path 9 for discharging the water in the breeding aquarium 1 and returning it to the water level adjusting tank 8 according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the water discharged from the return path 9 contacts the air It is made to return to the water level adjustment tank 8 after making it let it be.

  According to this invention, by returning the water in the breeding aquarium 1 to the water level adjusting tank 8, the water in the breeding aquarium 1 can be circulated and used repeatedly, and the oxygen in the air is dissolved in the water. Can be returned to the water level adjustment tank 8, and water containing oxygen sufficiently can be circulated through the sandy material layer 5 to prevent the sandy material layer 5 from becoming anaerobic.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to fourth aspects, the air lift pipe 15 provided with the water discharge nozzle 14 at the upper end is kept in the breeding room so that the opening at the lower end is positioned on the sandy substance layer 5. 3, an air hose 16 that supplies air into the air lift pipe 15 is connected to a lower portion of the air lift pipe 15.

  According to this invention, water in the breeding room 3 can be sucked from the lower end of the air lift pipe 15 and discharged from the water discharge nozzle 14 at the upper end by the action of air supplied from the air hose 16. A water flow can be formed in the breeding room 3 with the discharged water, oxygen can be supplied into the water by air, and a separate oxygen supply device can be dispensed with.

  Further, the invention of claim 6 is that in any one of claims 1 to 5, the pipe 10 is erected in the breeding room 3 with its lower end passing through the water plate 2 and facing the water supply chamber 4, The pipe 10 is provided with a nozzle 11 for discharging water.

  According to this invention, when water is discharged from the nozzle 11 to the breeding aquarium 1, water can be supplied from the pipe 10 to the nozzle 11 using the inside of the water supply chamber 4 as a water source, and complicated piping is performed on the nozzle 11. It is no longer necessary. Further, a water flow can be formed in the breeding room 3 with water discharged from the nozzle 11.

  Further, the invention of claim 7 is the invention according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein a return path 9 is connected between the drain port 12 arranged in the breeding room 3 of the breeding water tank 1 and the water level adjusting tank 8, and the return path 9 And a filter 13 for removing a solid content.

  According to this invention, when circulating the water in the breeding aquarium 1 through the return path 9, foreign matter or the like in the breeding aquarium 1 can be sucked from the drain port 12 and removed by the filter 13 and circulated while purifying the water. It is something that can be done.

  The invention of claim 8 is characterized in that, in any one of claims 1 to 7, the sandy substance of the sandy substance layer 5 is formed of resin particles 17 having a columnar or elliptical columnar shape. is there.

  According to the present invention, good voids are formed between the particles of the sand-like substance, and the particles of the sand-like substance can be prevented from solidifying and solidifying, and the submarine sand property of the seafood is improved. The water permeability of the particulate material layer 5 can be maintained satisfactorily.

  According to the present invention, water can be circulated from the lower side to the upper side through the sandy substance layer 5 at a constant water pressure and flow rate, and the fish and shellfish that have submerged in the sandy substance layer 5 with intermittent strong water flow. It is possible to float foreign matter in the sandy substance layer 5 with water flow without giving stress to the fish, and to grow the fish and shellfish well without adversely affecting the fish and shellfish. is there.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the breeding aquarium 1 is formed in an elongated rectangular shape, and both end portions thereof are formed in a semicircular shape. And by arranging the water flow plate 2 over the entire bottom surface of the breeding aquarium 1, the bottom of the breeding water tank 1 has a double bottom structure with the water flow plate 2, and thus the breeding water tank with the water flow plate 2 The breeding room 3 is formed above the water flow plate 2 and the water supply chamber 4 is formed below the water flow plate 2.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a protruding step 20 is provided over the entire circumference at the bottom of the side wall of the breeding aquarium 1, and the edge of the holding plate 21 formed so that water can freely pass through, such as a lattice-shaped plate. The holding plate 21 is mounted horizontally on the entire bottom surface of the breeding water tank 1 by being placed on the protruding portion 20. The water flow plate 2 is formed of a plate having a large number of holes 22 provided at equal intervals over the entire surface, such as a punching plate. By placing the water flow plate 2 on the holding plate 21, The plate 2 is held in the bottom of the breeding water tank 1. For example, a rectangular plate as shown in FIG. 6 (a) and a semicircular plate as shown in FIG. 6 (b) are used as the water flow plate 2, and semi-circular plates are provided at both ends of the breeding water tank 1 as shown in FIG. The circular water flow plate 2 is arranged, and the rectangular water flow plates 2 are arranged side by side between them, so that the water flow plate 2 is provided on the entire bottom surface of the breeding water tank 1.

  A water diffusion sheet 24 is laid on the water flow plate 2. The water diffusion sheet 24 is formed of a porous material having a thickness of about 3 cm in which fine gaps and pores through which water can permeate are formed on the entire surface, such as felt and sponge. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, a mesh-like mesh sheet 25 that does not allow sandy substances to pass through is laid on the water diffusion sheet 24, and the sandy substance layer 5 is formed by laying the sandy substance thereon. . The thickness of the sand-like substance layer 5 is about 10 to 30 cm, particularly preferably about 10 to 15 cm so that fish and shellfish such as prawns can be submerged.

  In the center of the breeding water tank 1, partition columns 27 are erected at a plurality of locations along the longitudinal direction, and partition plates 28 are attached between the adjacent partition columns 27. As shown in FIG. 5, the partition column 27 passes through its lower end through the water plate 2 and the holding plate 21, and the water passage plate 2 and the holding plate with a nut 34 screwed into the external thread portion 33 on the outer periphery of the lower end of the partition column 27. 21 is sandwiched and fixed in the breeding room 3, and an insertion tool 29 having a U-shaped cross section is attached to the side surface of the partition column 27. The partition plate 28 can be attached between the partition columns 27 by disposing the partition plate 28 between the adjacent partition columns 27 with both end edges thereof being inserted into the insertion tool 29 as shown in FIG. The upper and lower partition plates 28 are attached between the respective partition columns 27. A partition wall 30 is formed by a series of partition plates 28 attached between the partition pillars 27. The partition wall 30 divides the breeding chamber 3 of the breeding aquarium 1 in the width direction, and the breeding chamber 3 is divided into the breeding chamber 3. A pair of parallel water channels 31a and 31b are formed. The partition wall 30 is provided in a range that does not reach both end portions of the breeding water tank 1, and the end portions of the water flow channels 31 a and 31 b communicate between the end portion of the partition wall 30 and the end portion of the breeding room 3. Communication water channels 32a and 32b are formed.

  Further, a plurality of air lift pipes 15 are provided in the breeding water tank 1 in the direction along the flowing water channels 31a and 31b. A water discharge nozzle 14 is provided at the upper end of the air lift pipe 15 so as to protrude laterally, and the air lift pipe 15 is arranged in a vertical orientation so that the opening at the lower end of the air lift pipe 15 is located slightly above the upper surface of the sandy material layer 5. It is. Each air lift pipe 15 is fixed by being supported by the partition wall 30 by being fitted into a holder 70 attached to the partition wall 30, and the water discharge nozzle 14 of each air lift pipe 15 is in the longitudinal direction of the water flow paths 31a and 31b. It is made to face. Here, the air lift pipes 15 arranged in the same water flow paths 31a and 31b are arranged such that the water discharge nozzles 14 face in the same direction, and the air lift pipe 15 of one flow water path 31a and the air lift pipe 1 of the other flow water path 31b discharge water. The direction of each air lift pipe 15 is set so that the nozzles 14 are reversed.

  The water discharge nozzle 14 of each air lift pipe 15 is disposed in the vicinity of the water surface L of the breeding aquarium 1, and is disposed so that a part of the water discharge nozzle 14 protrudes from the water surface L as shown in FIG. It is preferable to do this. Here, the air lift pipe 15 is formed of a lower fixed pipe 15a and an upper movable pipe 15b fixed to the partition wall 30 by a receptacle 70 as shown in FIG. 7, and is movable from the upper end opening in the fixed pipe 15a. By inserting the lower part of the pipe 15b so as to be slidable up and down, the pipe 15b is formed to be vertically expandable and contractible so that the height can be adjusted. A fastening nut 15c is screwed onto the outer periphery of the upper end portion of the fixed pipe 15a, and the movable pipe 15b is attached to the fixed pipe 15a by rotating the fastening nut 15c to reduce the inner diameter of the upper end of the fixed pipe 15a. It can be fixed. Therefore, by changing the height of the air lift pipe 15 according to the water surface L, it is possible to easily adjust a part of the water discharge nozzle 14 so as to come out from the water surface L. One end of an air hose 16 is connected to the lower part of the air lift pipe 15, and the other end of the air hose 16 is connected to an air pump 71.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2, the pipe 10 which provided the nozzle 11 at the upper end is standingly arranged in each flowing water channel 31a, 31b of the breeding water tank 1. FIG. In the embodiment described in FIGS. 1 and 2, a shower nozzle 11a is used as the nozzle 11, and a pipe 10a is provided in the shower nozzle 11a. As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, in another embodiment of the present invention to be described later, a water flow nozzle 11b is also used as the nozzle 11 in addition to the shower nozzle 11a. One pipe 10a provided with the shower nozzle 11a is provided in each of the water flow paths 31a and 31b at the end of the air lift pipe 15 opposite to the direction in which the water discharge port 14 opens. The pipe 10a passes the lower end portion through the water plate 2 and the holding plate 21, and in the same manner as the structure of FIG. 13 described below for the pipe 10b, a nut 37 screwed into the external thread portion 36 on the outer periphery of the lower end portion of the pipe 10a. Then, the water flow plate 2 and the holding plate 21 are sandwiched and fixed to stand in the breeding room 3. Therefore, the lower end of the pipe 10 a is opened in the water supply chamber 4. The shower nozzle 11a is provided at the upper end of each pipe 10a at a position above the water surface L of the breeding room 3 so as to cross the flow channels 31a and 31b in the width direction. The shower nozzle 11a provided at the end of one flow channel 31a has a number of discharge holes 35 that open in the direction in which the water discharge nozzle 14 of the air lift pipe 15 disposed in the flow channel 31a protrudes. The shower nozzle 11a provided at the end of the passage 31b is provided with a number of discharge holes 35 that open in the direction in which the water discharge nozzle 14 of the air lift pipe 15 disposed in the flowing water passage 31b protrudes.

  The water supply means 6 for supplying water to the breeding water tank 1 is formed by a water level adjusting tank 8. The water level adjustment tank 8 is formed with a size higher than that of the breeding water tank 1, and a water supply channel 45 is connected between the bottom of the water level adjustment tank 8 and the water supply chamber 4 of the breeding water tank 1 as shown in FIG. A return path 9 is provided between the rearing tank 1 and the water level adjusting tank 8. A part of the return path 9 is arranged along the bottom of the water supply chamber 4 in the breeding water tank 1, and the upper end of the drain tube 46 raised from the return path 9 is attached to the holding plate 21, the water flow plate 2, and the water diffusion. Through the sheet 24, the mesh sheet 25, and the sandy material layer 5, the drainage port 12 at the upper end of the drainage tube 46 is arranged in the breeding room 3 on the upper surface of the sandy material layer 5. The other part of the return path 9 rises along the water level adjusting tank 8, and a shower nozzle 47 connected to the upper end of the return path 9 is arranged in the upper end of the water level adjusting tank 8. A trapping net 48 is provided immediately below the shower nozzle 47. Further, a filter 13 formed of a drum filter or the like is provided in the return path 9 between the breeding water tank 1 and the water level adjusting tank 8, and a pump 49 is provided in the return path 9 on the water level adjusting tank 8 side of the filter 13. Is provided. The drain tube 46 provided with the drain port 12 at the upper end is located at both ends of the breeding water tank 1, for example, the position of the flowing water channel 31a near one end of the partition wall 30, and the flowing water channel near the other end of the partition wall 30. They are respectively arranged at positions 31b. In FIG. 1, 52 is a drainage drain provided at the lower end of the water level adjusting tank 8, and 53 is an overflow path provided at the upper end of the water level adjusting tank 8.

  In the breeding apparatus formed as described above, it is possible to cultivate habitable seafood, such as prawns, that are submerged in the sandy material layer 5 in the breeding room 3 of the breeding aquarium 1. Then, the water in the breeding chamber 3 of the breeding tank 1 enters the return path 9 from the drain 12 through the drain tube 46, is pumped up to the upper end of the water level adjusting tank 8 by the pump 49, and is put into the water level adjusting tank 8 from the shower nozzle 47. Will be returned. In this way, water is returned from the breeding aquarium 1 to the water level adjustment tank 8, but the water level in the water level adjustment tank 8 is higher than the water level L of the water in the breeding tank 1, and this water level adjustment tank 8. Water in the water level adjustment tank 8 is supplied to the water supply chamber 4 of the breeding water tank 1 through the water supply channel 45 by the water pressure due to the water level difference between the water level of the water tank 1 and the water level of the breeding water tank 1. The water passing plate 2, the water diffusion sheet 24, the mesh sheet 25, and the sandy substance layer 5 can be passed through and supplied to the breeding room 3. In this way, the water in the breeding room 3 can be circulated between the breeding tank 1 and the water level adjusting tank 8. Further, when the water in the breeding water tank 1 is returned from the shower port 50 of the shower nozzle 47 into the water level adjusting tank 8, the oxygen in the air can be dissolved in the water. For example, when the shower nozzle 47 is formed to a length of 1 m, the shower ports 50 can be provided with a diameter of 10 mm and a pitch of 50 mm.

  Then, by passing the water supplied to the water supply chamber 4 from the lower side to the upper side through the sandy substance layer 5 as described above, foreign matters such as residual food and molting shells in the sandy substance layer 5 are sanded by the water flow. It can be pushed up and lifted above the particulate material layer 5, and foreign matter can be removed from the sandy material layer 5. In addition, by passing water through the sandy material layer 5 in this way, the water contained in the sandy material layer 5 is constantly renewed, and the sandy material layer 5 is aerobic with oxygen contained in the water. It can be kept in. For this reason, it is prevented that the sandy substance layer 5 becomes anaerobic, promotes the growth and activation of the nitrifying bacteria which are aerobic bacteria, and the ammonium excreted from the fish and shellfish to be bred is improved by the nitrifying bacteria. It can be decomposed, and it becomes possible to eliminate the need to provide special equipment for ammonia decomposition.

  Here, the water level adjusting tank 8 is provided with a water level control means 7 for keeping the water level in the water level adjusting tank 8 constant. The water level control means 7 includes a water level sensor 56 provided with a pair of sensor electrodes 55 a and 55 b disposed in the water level adjusting tank 8, and a control device 57. One sensor electrode 55a of the water level sensor 56 is disposed so that its lower end is about 2 cm lower than the other water level sensor electrode 55b. One sensor electrode 55a is used for low water level detection, and the other sensor electrode 56b. For high water level detection. The control device 57 is formed with a CPU, a memory and the like. As shown in FIG. 1, the water level sensor 56 and the inverter-controlled pump 49 provided in the return path 9 are electrically connected to the control device 57. It is. Then, as shown in FIG. 8A, when the water level in the water level adjusting tank 8 is lowered to the lower end position of the sensor electrode 55a, it is detected that the water level has become the low water level LL, and the control device 57 rotates the pump 49. The number is controlled to be high, the amount of water returned from the breeding water tank 1 to the water level adjusting tank 8 through the return path 9 is increased, and the water level in the water level adjusting tank 8 is raised. Further, when the water level in the water level adjusting tank 8 rises to the lower end position of the sensor electrode 55b, it is detected that the water level has become the high water level HL, and the control device 57 controls the rotational speed of the pump 49 to a low state to return the return path. 9, the amount of water returned from the breeding water tank 1 to the water level adjustment tank 8 is decreased, and the water level in the water level adjustment tank 8 is lowered. In this way, the water level in the water level adjusting tank 8 can be kept constant in the range between the lower ends of the sensor electrodes 55a and 55b of the water level sensor 56. In addition, a large number of holes 22 are provided over the entire surface of the water flow plate 2 arranged below the sandy substance layer 5 at equal intervals, and water passes through the holes 22 while receiving flow resistance. For this reason, the water does not easily rise from the water supply chamber 4 to the breeding room 3, suppresses the fluctuation of the water level L in the breeding water tank 1 and keeps it constant, and the water from the water level adjustment tank 8 to the breeding water tank 1. Inflow is suppressed, and the water level difference between the breeding water tank 1 and the water level adjusting tank 8 can be maintained.

  In this way, the water level of the water level adjustment tank 8 can be kept constant and the water level of the breeding tank 1 can be kept constant. Therefore, the water level between the water level of the water level adjustment tank 8 and the water level of the breeding tank 1 When the water in the water level adjusting tank 8 is supplied to the water supply chamber 4 by the water pressure due to the difference and further passes through the sand-like substance layer 5 from the lower side to the upper side by this water pressure, the water level adjustment tank 8 has a constant water level difference. Water can be passed through the sand-like substance layer 5 with water pressure and water amount. As a result, fish such as prawns lurking in the sandy material layer 5 as in the case of Patent Document 1 in which water is intermittently supplied by siphon action so that a strong water flow passes through the sandy material layer 5. There is no longer any stress on the kind. Here, for example, the holes 22 of the water flow plate 2 are formed with a diameter of 3.6 to 4.4 mm and a pitch of 180 to 220 mm (22 to 26 per square meter) to an opening ratio of about 0.01 to 0.05%. When formed, an appropriate flow rate can be realized.

  Here, the holes 22 provided in the water flow plate 2 are formed at predetermined intervals in order to give flow resistance to the water, and the water does not pass through the water flow plate 2 in a portion where the holes 22 are not provided. Therefore, in this state, water can be circulated satisfactorily in the portion of the sandy material layer 5 immediately above the hole 22, but water can be circulated favorably in the portion of the sandy material layer 5 other than directly above the hole 22. The water distribution into the sandy substance layer 5 becomes uneven. Therefore, the water diffusion sheet 24 is laid on the water flow plate 2 as shown in FIG. 3, and the water that has passed through the holes 22 from the lower side of the water flow plate 2 diffuses in the water diffusion sheet 24. It is supposed to be. And since water can be distribute | circulated in the sand-like substance layer 5 after diffusing in the water diffusion sheet 24 in this way, the circulation of water into the sand-like substance layer 5 can be made uniform. is there.

  In addition, the fish and shellfish bred in the breeding room 3 of the breeding aquarium 1 become larger as they grow up, and the amount of food and excretion increases and the dirt in the sandy material layer 5 becomes larger, and the necessary oxygen is increased. The amount also increases. Further, as the seafood grows and becomes larger, the resistance to the water flow passing through the sandy material layer 5 also increases. Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to adjust to increase the water pressure and flow rate of the water that flows through the sandy substance layer 5 from the lower side to the upper side according to the growth state of the seafood.

  For example, when prawns are cultured, they are grown from juvenile shrimp to intermediate shrimp, and further grown to adult shrimp, and then shipped, and there are three stages of rearing: juvenile shrimp, intermediate shrimp, and adult shrimp. Therefore, in this case, as shown in FIG. 8 (b), the water level sensors 56 are arranged at different positions in the breeding aquarium 1 in three stages, and the lowest water level sensor 56 is used for the shrimp and the middle stage. The water level sensor 56 is used for intermediate shrimp, and the uppermost water level sensor 56 is used for adult shrimp. In addition, a selection lever 59 provided in the control device 57 can select the water level sensor 56 of the lower stage for juvenile shrimp, the middle stage for intermediate shrimp, or the upper stage for mature shrimp.

When the prawn prawns bred in the breeding room 3 of the breeding aquarium 1 are in the stage of juvenile shrimp, the lower water level sensor 56 is selected by the selection lever 59, and the water level sensor 56 uses the water level sensor 56 to store the water level adjustment tank 8 as described above. the water level is kept constant as juveniles water level L _1. This juvenile shrimp water level L ₁ has a water level difference of about 40 to 60 cm with respect to the breeding aquarium 1 and is relatively small and is not so large in water pressure (about 15 to 25 mm / s). It can be passed through. Also the prawns to grow to an intermediate shrimp, select the middle of the water level sensor 56 in the selector lever 59, kept by the water level sensor 56 the water level in the water level adjusting tank 8, a constant as an intermediate shrimp water level L _2. The intermediate shrimp water level _{L 2} is a level difference of about 60~80cm the rearing water tank 1, it is passed through a sand-like substance layer 5 of water in the water flow of approximately intermediate pressure (about 25 to 35 mm / s) It is something that can be done. Further prawns to grow up to adult shrimp, select the upper water level sensor 56 in the selector lever 59, kept by the water level sensor 56 the water level in the water level adjusting tank 8, the constant as formation shrimp water level L _3. The water level L ₃ for the shrimp is about 90 to 110 cm in water level difference from the breeding aquarium 1 and is relatively large, and the water flows into the sandy material layer 5 with a large water pressure (about 45 to 55 mm / s). It can be passed.

  Further, while the operation of the breeding apparatus is continued as described above, the air pump 71 is operated, and air is supplied to each air lift pipe 15 provided in the breeding room 3 of the breeding water tank 1. When air is supplied into the air lift pipe 15 as described above, the air rises in the air lift pipe 15 so that the water in the air lift pipe 15 is pushed up by the air, as shown by arrows in FIGS. 1 and 2. The water is discharged from the water discharge nozzle 14 at the upper end of the air lift pipe 15. As water in the air lift pipe 15 is discharged from the water discharge nozzle 14 in this way, water is sucked into the air lift pipe 15 from the opening at the lower end, and air is supplied to the air lift pipe 15. Meanwhile, water continues to be discharged from the water discharge nozzle 14. As described above, when water is discharged from the water discharge nozzle 14 to the breeding room 3, a water flow is generated in the breeding room 3. However, the water discharge nozzle 14 of each air lift pipe 15 has the flow channels 31a and 31b as described above. Since it faces in the longitudinal direction, a circulation along the inner periphery of the breeding water tank 1 as shown by an arrow in FIG. 2 can be formed in the flowing water channels 31a and 31b. Thus, when water is discharged by the principle of an air lift pump to generate a water flow, oxygen can be supplied to the water in the breeding room 3 by air discharge to increase the dissolved oxygen concentration. This eliminates the need for a separate facility.

  Here, an example of the preferable aspect of the air lift pipe 15 is given. The inner diameter of the air lift pipe 15 (average value of the inner diameters of the fixed pipe 15a and the movable pipe 15b) is 40 mm, the height from the lower end of the air lift pipe 15 to the center of the water discharge nozzle 14 is 500 mm, and the connection position of the air hose 16 to the air lift pipe 15 Is set to 450 mm, the inner diameter of the air hose 16 is set to 4 mm, and the air supply amount from the air pump 71 is set to 30 L / min, thereby discharging 36 L / min. Water can be discharged from the water discharge nozzle 14 by the amount of water.

  Furthermore, when the water in the water level adjustment tank 8 is supplied to the water supply chamber 4 of the breeding water tank 1 by the water pressure due to the water level difference between the water level of the water level adjustment tank 8 and the water level of the breeding water tank 1 as described above, A part of the water in the water supply chamber 4 flows into the pipe 10a erected in the breeding water tank 1 from the lower end opening. And the water which flowed in into the pipe 10a is discharged in the air from the discharge port 35 of the shower nozzle 11a provided in the upper end of the pipe 10a, and flows down to the water surface of the breeding room 3. Therefore, at this time, oxygen in the air can be supplied to the breeding room 3 in a state in which it is dissolved in water, and in the direction of water discharge from the discharge port 35 of the shower nozzle 11a, A water flow can be generated in each flow channel 31a, 31b.

  Here, as described above, water is passed through the sandy material layer 5 from the lower side to the upper side to push up foreign matters such as residual food and shells in the sandy material layer 5. The foreign matter pushed up onto the material layer 5 moves along the water flow paths 31 a and 31 b on the water flow formed in the water flow paths 31 a and 31 b of the breeding room 3 as described above. When the foreign matter moves along the flow channels 31a and 31b and approaches the drain port 12 of the drain tube 46 provided at both ends of the flow channels 31a and 31b, the foreign matter and the drain port 12 together with water. The foreign material can be automatically discharged from the breeding room 3 efficiently. The foreign matter discharged from the drain port 12 is filtered and removed by the filter 13 when passing through the return path 9. Accordingly, the water can be returned to the water level adjustment tank 8 with the foreign matter removed, and can be circulated between the breeding water tank 1 and the water level adjustment tank 8 with the water purified. In addition, when water is circulated between the breeding aquarium 1 and the water level adjusting tank 8 to replace the water in the breeding room 3, a water flow is formed in the breeding room 3, so that a dead water area is generated. The water in the breeding room 3 can be changed uniformly.

  In order to prevent the fish and shellfish reared from being sucked into the drain port 12, a guard cylinder 61 whose bottom surface is opened is detachably attached by fitting the opening on the bottom surface into the drain port 12. It is. FIG. 9A shows an example of this, and the entire outer periphery of the guard cylinder 61 is formed by a mesh 62 so that the water flows into the drain 12 after passing through the mesh 62. is there. In this case, when the seafood is small like shrimp and there is a risk of passing through the mesh of the net 62, outside the mesh 62 of the guard cylinder 61, it is smaller than the mesh of the net 62 as shown in FIG. The fine mesh tube 63 is put on the mesh, and after the seafood grows and grows large, the fine mesh tube 63 may be removed and used in the state shown in FIG. FIG. 9C shows another example, and a window is provided in a part of the outer periphery of the guard cylinder 61, and a net 62 is stretched over the window. In this case, as shown in FIG. 9D, the overflow cylinder 64 may be put on the outer periphery of the guard cylinder 61 so that the water overflowing the upper end of the overflow cylinder 64 passes through the net 62 and flows into the drain port 12. . When cleaning the inside of the breeding water tank 1, the guard cylinder 61 is removed from the drain port 12 so that water flows directly into the drain port 12.

  Next, the sandy substance layer 5 will be described. As the sandy substance constituting the sandy substance layer 5, natural sand or the like can be used. However, in the present invention, the resin particles 17 having a circular cross-sectional shape or an elliptical columnar cross-sectional shape are used. Is preferred. This resin particle 17 can be prepared as a pellet of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In the case of the elliptical columnar resin particle 17 as shown in FIG. 10A, for example, the short diameter r = 2.2 mm and the long diameter R = 3.8 mm and length l = 3.0 mm can be used. The resin particles 17 have a specific gravity of 1.3, and the bulk specific gravity of the sandy material layer 5 formed by depositing the resin particles 17 is 0.8. It should be noted that the numerical values such as dimensions given here are examples of the resin particles 17 and needless to say, the numerical values are not limited to these numerical values.

  By using such cylindrical or elliptical columnar resin particles 17 as the sandy substance, it is possible to form better voids between the sandy substance particles than when the sandy substance particles are spherical. . Therefore, it is possible to prevent the sandy material particles from solidifying and the sandy material layer 5 from solidifying, improving the submersion of the seafood into the sandy material layer 5 and increasing the density of the seafood. Rearing is possible. In particular, when cultivating shrimp or the like, if the sandy material layer 5 is solidified, when the shrimp dives into the sandy material layer 5, the feet are worn and the commercial value is greatly reduced. Further, when the sandy material layer 5 is densely aggregated, water permeability deteriorates when water passes through the sandy material layer 5 from the water supply chamber 4 to the breeding room 3 as described above. For this reason, oxygen supply to the sandy substance layer 5 becomes insufficient, hydrogen sulfide is generated due to anaerobic formation, and it is easy for fish and shellfish to develop diseases. By forming good voids between the particles using the resin particles 17, the water permeability of the sandy material layer 5 can be maintained well, and the oxygen supply into the sandy material layer 5 becomes sufficient. It is possible to prevent anaerobic formation, and it is possible to prevent the accumulation of dirt due to the water flow in the sandy substance layer 5 and to prevent the occurrence of illness in seafood. In particular, since the resin particles 17 such as PET can be formed with a smooth surface, the dirt is unlikely to deposit and adhere like natural sand, and the dirt is easily removed by the water flow in the sandy substance layer 5. Maintenance that replaces sandy substances becomes unnecessary.

  Further, as described above, the sandy substance layer 5 composed of the columnar or elliptical columnar resin particles 17 has good water permeability and can be kept aerobic. Therefore, the aerobic nitrification is carried out in the sandy substance layer 5. The activity of the fungus becomes active, and the ammonia disposed from the seafood can be removed by nitrification with this nitrifying bacterium, so that it is not necessary to provide a separate facility for removing ammonia. FIG. 10B shows the case where the sandy substance layer 5 is formed of the PET resin particles 17 as described above, the case where it is formed of natural sintered sand, and the case where it is formed of charcoal filter media. It is the graph which measured the change of the ammonia concentration of this and evaluated ammonia processing capability. As can be seen from the graph of FIG. 10B, it is confirmed that the sand-like substance layer 5 formed of the resin particles 17 of PET has a high ammonia treatment capacity as in the case of the carbonized filter medium.

  FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 show an example of another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a plurality of water flow paths 31a and 31b along the vicinity of the partition wall 30 are provided at a plurality of locations, and water flows at the upper end. The pipe 10b provided with the nozzle 11b is erected. In the illustrated embodiment, the pipe 10b provided with the water flow nozzle 11b is erected in place of the air lift pipe 15 described above, but both the air lift pipe 15 and the pipe 10b provided with the water flow nozzle 11b are provided. It may be. As shown in FIG. 13, the pipe 10 b passes through its lower end through the water plate 2 and the holding plate 21, and the water passing plate 2 and the holding plate 21 with a nut 37 screwed into the external thread 36 on the outer periphery of the lower end of the pipe 10. Is fixed in the breeding room 3, and the lower end of the pipe 10b is opened in the water supply chamber 4.

  The pipe 10b provided with the water flow nozzle 11b is composed of a lower fixed cylinder 39 and an upper movable cylinder 40 as shown in FIG. 13, and the lower part of the movable cylinder 40 is slid up and down from the upper end opening in the fixed cylinder 39. By freely inserting it, it is formed so as to be able to expand and contract in the vertical direction so that the height can be adjusted. A fastening nut 41 is screwed onto the outer periphery of the upper end portion of the fixed cylinder 39, and the movable cylinder 40 is attached to the fixed cylinder 39 by turning the tightening nut 41 to reduce the inner diameter of the upper end of the fixed cylinder 39. It can be fixed. A water flow nozzle 11b is provided at the upper end of the movable tube 40 at a position below the water surface L of the breeding room 3, and a flow rate adjusting valve 42 is provided in the movable tube 40 at the base of the water flow nozzle 11b. The direction of the water flow nozzle 11b can be adjusted in the vertical and horizontal directions by a bent portion 43 formed of bellows or a hinge. The direction of the water flow nozzle 11b provided in one flow channel 31a is set so as to face diagonally upward and diagonally outward in the direction in which the discharge port 35 of the shower nozzle 11a provided in the flow channel 31a faces. The direction of the water flow nozzle 11b provided in the other water flow channel 31b is set so as to face diagonally upward and diagonally outward in the direction in which the discharge port 35 of the shower nozzle 11a provided in the water flow channel 31b faces. The shape of the water flow nozzle 11b is arbitrary. For example, the water flow nozzle 11b is formed so as to restrict the opening at the tip as shown in FIGS. 14 (a) and 14 (b), or the tip opening as shown in FIGS. 14 (c) and (d). Can be formed flat.

  Also in this embodiment, the breeding tank can be operated in the same manner as described above. In this embodiment, the water in the water level adjustment tank 8 is supplied to the water supply chamber 4 of the breeding water tank 1 by the water pressure due to the water level difference between the water level in the water level adjustment tank 8 and the water level in the breeding water tank 1 as described above. And by this water pressure, a part of water in the water supply chamber 4 flows into the pipe 10a and the pipe 10b erected in the breeding water tank 1 from the opening at the lower end. And the water which flowed in into the pipe 10a is discharged in the air from the discharge port 35 of the shower nozzle 11a provided in the upper end of the pipe 10a, and flows down to the water surface of the breeding room 3. Therefore, at this time, oxygen in the air can be supplied to the breeding room 3 in a state in which it is dissolved in water, and in the direction of water discharge from the discharge port 35 of the shower nozzle 11a, A water flow is generated in each flow channel 31. Moreover, the water which flowed into the pipe 10b is discharged into the water of the breeding room 3 from the water flow nozzle 11b provided at the upper end of the pipe 10b, and each flow channel 31a of the breeding room 3 in this water discharge direction. , 31b. Thus, by discharging water from the shower nozzle 11a or the water flow nozzle 11b, a water flow is generated in the water of the breeding room 3, and a circulation along the inner periphery of the breeding water tank 1 as shown by an arrow in FIG. 12 is formed. It is something that can be done.

  Here, the pipe 10b provided with the water flow nozzle 11b is formed to be extendable and contractable as shown in FIG. 13, and the height of the water flow nozzle 11b can be adjusted. The direction of can be adjusted freely. Therefore, the water flow in the breeding room 3 can be optimized by adjusting the height and direction of the water flow nozzle 11b. For example, by turning the water flow nozzle 11b obliquely upward, a swirl flow in the vertical direction can be added to the water flow along the inner periphery of the breeding room 3, and the foreign matter can be lifted from the upper surface of the sandy material layer 5. Thus, it is possible to efficiently move the inside of the breeding room 3 by placing the foreign matter on the water flow, and the efficiency of discharging the foreign matter from the drain port 12 can be enhanced.

  FIG. 15 shows another example of the drain tube 46 provided with the drain port 12, and the upper part protruding from the upper surface of the sandy substance layer 5 of the drain tube 46 is formed as an L-shaped bent tube portion 66. The cylindrical portion 66 is rotatable in the horizontal direction around its base portion. And in this thing, the position of the drain outlet 12 of the upper end of the bending cylinder part 66 can be moved by rotating the bending cylinder part 66, and the foreign material which flows on a water flow is in the position where it is inhaled easily. The position of the drain port 12 can be adjusted.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. For example, pipes 10a and 10b provided with shower nozzle 11a or water flow nozzle 11b are formed by partition column 27 forming partition wall 30. The shower nozzle 11a at the upper end of the pipe 10a may be arranged below the water surface of the breeding room 3. Further, in the embodiment of FIG. 1 and FIG. 11 described above, the lower end of the pipes 10 a, 10 b is passed through the water plate 2 to face the water supply chamber 4, so that the water flow flows from the water supply chamber 4 to the breeding room 3. Although the discharge is performed, the lower ends of the pipes 10a and 10b are not penetrated to the water supply chamber 4, and a water flow discharge means such as a pump is separately provided as in the case of the air lift pipe 15 of FIG. It is also possible to make it. Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the water level adjusting tank 8 provided with the water level control means 7 is formed with the water supply means 6 for supplying water to the water supply chamber 4 while being controlled to a predetermined water pressure. A pump may be used as 6, and water may be supplied to the water supply chamber 4 with the pump while being controlled to a predetermined water pressure.

It is front sectional drawing which shows an example of embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of FIG. It is the expanded sectional view of the xx part of FIG. It is a top view of the breeding water tank of FIG. FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a yy portion in FIG. 4. The water flow board same as the above is shown, and (a) and (b) are plan views, respectively. It is the front view which expanded and showed the part of the air lift pipe same as the above. (A) is the schematic which shows the water level sensor same as the above, (b) is the schematic which shows the water level control means same as the above. The drain port part is shown, and (a), (b), (c), and (d) are enlarged sectional views. (A) is the expanded perspective view which shows the resin particle same as the above, (b) is a graph which shows the result of the evaluation test of the ammonia processing capability same as the above. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of other embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of FIG. It is the front view which expanded and showed the part of the pipe which provided the water flow nozzle same as the above. The water flow nozzle same as the above is shown, (a) is a front view, (b) is a side view thereof, (c) is a front view, and (d) is a side view thereof. FIG. 4 shows still another embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a plan view and (b) is a partial cross-sectional view.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Breeding tank 2 Water flow plate 3 Breeding room 4 Water supply room 5 Sandy substance layer 6 Water supply means 7 Water level control means 8 Water level adjustment tank 9 Return path 10 Pipe 11 Nozzle 12 Drain port 13 Filter 14 Water discharge nozzle 15 Air lift pipe 16 Air hose 17 Resin grains

Claims (8)

  A water flow plate that allows water to pass while giving flow resistance to the bottom of the breeding water tank is arranged, and the water is divided and divided into a breeding room for raising seafood on the upper side of the breeding water tank and a lower water supply room. A sandy material layer is provided on the plate, and provided with water supply means for supplying water to the water supply chamber while controlling to a predetermined water pressure, and the water supply plate and sandy material supplied from the water supply means to the water supply chamber are provided. A seafood breeding apparatus characterized by being distributed to a breeding room through a layer.   The above water supply means is formed by a water level adjustment tank equipped with a water level control means, the bottom of the water level adjustment tank and the water supply chamber of the breeding water tank are connected, and the water pressure due to the water level difference between the water level adjustment tank and the breeding water tank 2. The seafood breeding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water in the water level adjustment tank is supplied to the water supply chamber.   3. The fish and shellfish breeding apparatus according to claim 2, wherein water level control means is formed so as to adjust the water level in the water level adjusting tank according to the growth state of the fish and shellfish raised in the breeding water tank.   A return path for discharging the water in the rearing tank and returning it to the water level adjustment tank is provided, and the water discharged from the return path is brought into contact with air and then returned to the water level adjustment tank. Item 4. The seafood breeding apparatus according to item 2 or 3.   An air lift pipe with a water discharge nozzle at the top is erected in the breeding room so that the opening at the bottom is located above the sandy material layer, and an air hose that supplies air into the air lift pipe is connected to the bottom of the air lift pipe The seafood breeding device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the device is a seafood breeding device.   6. The pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pipe is disposed in the breeding room with the lower end passing through the water plate and facing the water supply room, and a nozzle for discharging water is provided on the pipe. The seafood breeding apparatus described.   7. A return path is connected between a drain outlet arranged in a breeding room of the breeding tank and a water level adjusting tank, and a filter for removing solids is provided in the return path. The seafood breeding apparatus according to 1.   8. The fish and shellfish breeding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sandy substance of the sandy substance layer is formed of cylindrical or elliptical columnar resin particles.

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