JP2004123642A - Electrolyte composition - Google Patents
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- JP2004123642A JP2004123642A JP2002292004A JP2002292004A JP2004123642A JP 2004123642 A JP2004123642 A JP 2004123642A JP 2002292004 A JP2002292004 A JP 2002292004A JP 2002292004 A JP2002292004 A JP 2002292004A JP 2004123642 A JP2004123642 A JP 2004123642A
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、水分補給・電解質補給やエネルギー補給を目的とする経口補液およびスポーツ飲料に関し、特に水分・電解質・エネルギーの何れをもバランス良く補給できる電解質組成物に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】従来、主に乳幼児急性下痢症の治療に用いられる経口補液は、速やかな水分・電解質補給を達成するために、例えば、ナトリウムイオン３０〜６０ｍＥｑ／Ｌのような高濃度の電解質を含有し、糖質をあまり含有せず、溶液浸透圧が低張性のものが用いられてきた（例えば、特許文献１参照）。また、スポーツ飲料は、運動による発汗時の水分・電解質およびエネルギー補給を達成するための飲料であり、糖質含有量が５０〜７０ｇ／Ｌと高い組成となっているが、電解質濃度は、例えばナトリウムイオン濃度は１０〜２１ｍＥｑ／Ｌと低めとなっている。このような溶液浸透圧が低張性のスポーツ飲料として、低張性スポーツドリンク組成物などが知られている（例えば、特許文献２参照）。
【０００３】このような従来の経口補液は速やかな水分・電解質補給には適しているが、糖質含有量が低いため、エネルギー補給には適していない。一方、従来のスポーツ飲料は糖質含有量が高く、エネルギー補給には適しているが、溶液浸透圧が高いため，速やかな水分補給には適しておらず、また、電解質濃度が低いため、速やかな電解質補給には適していない。脱水や発汗による水分・電解質の喪失とエネルギー消耗を補うために、水分補給・電解質補給と同時に十分なエネルギー補給が効率よく行える電解質飲料組成物が求められている。
【０００４】
【特許文献１】
特開昭５２−４１２７３号公報
【特許文献２】
国際特許ＷＯ９１／１２７３４号公報
【特許文献３】
特開２０００−８３６２１号公報
【特許文献４】
特開平８−１３４１０４号公報
【特許文献５】
特開平８−３１１１０３号公報
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】そこで本発明は、速やかな水分補給・電解質補給とともに、十分なエネルギー補給を同時に効率よく行える電解質飲料組成物を提供することを目的とする。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、電解質飲料組成物に関する種々の検討を行った結果、電解質補給に適した高濃度の電解質濃度を含有し、糖質として多糖類、特にクラスターシクロデキストリンなどを用いて、溶液浸透圧の上昇を少なくすることによって、速やかな水分補給、十分な電解質補給とともに、十分なエネルギー補給を可能とできることを見出したものである。すなわち、
（１）電解質および糖質を含有する電解質含有経口補液製剤において、エネルギー量として２１０ｋｃａＬ／Ｌ以上を含有し、浸透圧が１００〜２５０ｍＯｓｍ／Ｌであることを特徴とする電解質組成物、
（２）電解質成分として、ナトリウムイオン３０〜６５ｍＥｑ／Ｌ、カリウムイオン１５〜２５ｍＥｑ／Ｌ、塩化物イオン２５〜５５ｍＥｑ／Ｌを含有することを特徴とする（１）項の電解質飲料組成物、
（３）電解質成分として、マグネシウムイオン２〜５ ｍＥｑ／Ｌを含有することを特徴とする（１）項または（２）項の電解質組成物、
（４）糖質として５ｗ／ｖ％以上の多糖類を含有させることを特徴とする（１）〜（３）項の電解質飲料組成物、
（５）糖質として単糖類、二糖類および／または多糖類を用いることを特徴とする（１）〜（４）項に記載の電解質飲料組成物。
（６）糖質として多糖類および単糖類・二糖類を組み合わせて用いることを特徴とする（１）〜（５）項に記載の電解質飲料組成物、
（７）多糖類としてクラスターシクロデキストリンを含有することを特徴とする（６）項の電解質組成物、
（８）多糖類としてクラスターデキストリンを４０〜１００ｇ／Ｌ、単糖類・二糖類としてグルコース、スクロース、フルクトースのいずれかもしくは複数をあわせて１０〜４０ｇ／Ｌ用いることを特徴とする（５）〜（７）項の電解質飲料組成物、
（９）クエン酸イオンを１５〜４０ｍＥｑ／Ｌ、リン酸イオンを５〜１０ｍＥｑ／Ｌ含有することを特徴とする（１）〜（８）項の電解質飲料組成物、
（１０）甘味料，香料を含有することを特徴とする（１）〜（９）項の電解質飲料組成物、
（１１）用時溶解して使用する粉末製剤であることを特徴とする（１）〜（１０）項の電解質組成物、
に関するものである。
【０００７】本発明者らは電解質飲料組成物に関する種々の検討を行った結果、溶液浸透圧、電解質濃度、糖質含有量を考慮して、水分・電解質・糖質のいずれの補給にも適した組成を見出し、本発明を完成させたものである。
【０００８】経口補液製剤では、溶液浸透圧は生理的浸透圧である２８５ｍＯｓｍ／Ｌよりも低張性であることが腸管からの速やかな水分、電解質吸収に重要である。好ましい浸透圧範囲として１００〜２５０ｍＯｓｍ／Ｌ、更に好ましくは、１３０〜２２０ｍＯｓｍ／Ｌ、特に好ましくは、１５０〜２００ｍＯｓｍ／Ｌの浸透圧範囲において、腸管からの水分・電解質の速やかな吸収が認められる。
【０００９】本発明に用いるエネルギー源としては、主に糖質をあげることが出来る。糖質の中でも、澱粉，デキストリンなどの多糖類は、グルコース，フルクトースのような単糖類やスクロースのような二糖類を同量加える場合に比べて溶液浸透圧の上昇を少なくすることができる。そのため、これらをバランス良く組み合わせることにより、素早く、かつ、十分なエネルギー補給のための糖質を含有させることができるものである。
【００１０】澱粉，デキストリンの中でも特にクラスターシクロデキストリンは、胃から腸への移送速度が速いため、胃に負担をかけず、膨満感が少なく、無理なくエネルギー補給が可能であり（特許文献３参照）、腸内で徐々に分解され適度に吸収されていくためインスリンの分泌を引き起こしにくくボディー強度を高めること、同程度のＤＥ値を持つデキストリン類と比較して、溶解性が高く、また、溶液安定性に優れており老化が起こりにくいこと、更に、粘度が低く、さらりとした食感を与えること等の特徴を有し（特許文献４、５参照）、本発明のような経口電解質製剤に用いるのに特に好ましいものである。
【００１１】糖質の中で特にグルコースは、エネルギー源となるとともに、腸管からのナトリウムイオン吸収に重要な働きを持つ。小腸に存在するナトリウム−グルコース共輸送体によりグルコース吸収と同時にナトリウムイオンが吸収される。クラスターデキストリンは唾液および膵液アミラーゼにより最終的にグルコースに分解されて腸管から吸収される。あらかじめ、グルコース，スクロース，フルクトースのいずれかもしくは複数をあわせてバランス良く配合することにより、味を改善するとともに多糖類の消化前からグルコースが存在することとなり、水分吸収やナトリウムイオン吸収が速やかに行われる製剤を提供することができる。
【００１２】脱水、発汗により失われた電解質を経口摂取により腸管から効率よく吸収させるために、電解質として、ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、塩化物イオンなどを含有させることが好ましい。具体的には、ナトリウムイオンは３０〜６５ｍＥｑ／Ｌ含有させることが好ましく、特に、４５〜６０ｍＥｑ／Ｌの範囲で含有させることが好ましい。カリウムイオンは１５〜２５ｍＥｑ／Ｌ含有させることが好ましく、塩化物イオンを２５〜５５ｍＥｑ／Ｌ含有させることが好ましく、３０〜５０ｍＥｑ／Ｌ含有させることが特に好ましいものである。
【００１３】マグネシウムは、生体内で多くの酵素反応に関与し、また、ナトリウムイオンやカリウムイオンを含む多量ミネラル全般の代謝に働くものである。電解質として、マグネシウムイオンを１〜５ｍＥｑ／Ｌ含有させることが好ましく、２〜４ｍＥｑ／Ｌ含有させることが特に好ましい。
【００１４】更に電解質として、クエン酸イオンを１５〜４０ｍＥｑ／Ｌ含有させることが好ましく、リン酸イオンは５〜１０ｍＥｑ／Ｌ含有させることが好ましい。クエン酸イオンは本発明の電解質飲料組成物に含まれているマグネシウム塩を可溶化させる働きも奏するものである。
【００１５】そのため、これらをバランス良く組み合わせることにより、電解質補給に必要な高濃度の電解質濃度と、素早い、かつ、十分なエネルギー補給のための糖質を含有させ、かつ、水分補給に必要な溶液浸透圧範囲に収めることが可能となる。
【００１６】また、本発明の電解質飲料組成物では、適度な甘みを持たせ、飲みやすさを一層向上させるため、例えばステビアやスクラロース，アスパルテーム等の甘味料や果実系の香料、果汁などを添加配合することもできる。これらは補給エネルギーの総熱量としても作用（加算）する。
【００１７】更に、運動時に補給を必要とする成分として、アルギニン，ロイシン，イソロイシン，バリンなどのアミノ酸をあげることができ、上述したような溶液浸透圧範囲、総エネルギー量の範囲内において、これらを含有させることも本発明に含まれる。
【００１８】本発明の電解質飲料組成物では、例えば上述したような、所定量の糖質および電解質、適量の甘味料および香料をよく混合し、水を加えて混和することにより液状に調製することができる。また、上述のように製した電解質飲料組成物を乾燥することや、上述の成分の粉末を造粒することにより、散剤，顆粒剤，細粒剤等の固体形態とし、用時に溶解させて使用する製剤とすることもできる。
【００１９】この溶液を、例えば、アルミもしくはスチール缶や、ペットボトル等の合成樹脂製容器などに充填して製品とする。また，電解質飲料組成物は濃厚製剤，粉末製剤等の用時希釈又は溶解剤形態に調製することもできる。濃厚製剤，粉末製剤等はその濃度範囲が用時希釈又は溶解時に前記液剤の範囲内になるように、水、好ましくは蒸留水により希釈又は溶解して用いることもできる。
【００２０】本発明の電解質飲料組成物の適用量は脱水，発汗の程度に応じて適宜決定されるが、望ましい適用方法としては、急激な一度の大量摂取をなるべく避け、少量ずつ頻回摂取することが好ましい。服用は通常経口であるが、経鼻的、または経腸的に用いることもできる。
【００２１】
【実施例】以下に，実施例を示す．
［試験例１］
塩化ナトリウム（試薬特級）、塩化カリウム（試薬特級）、無水リン酸二水素ナトリウム（試薬特級）、クエン酸ナトリウム（試薬特級）、炭酸マグネシウム（試薬特級）、クエン酸一水和物（試薬特級）、スクロース（試薬特級）および、クラスターシクロデキストリン（日本食品化工）を表１の組成にしたがって秤量し、注射用水に溶解して、それぞれ１００ｍＬの本発明の電解質飲料を調製した（実施例１〜４）。比較例として、糖質としてスクロースを７ｇ含有し、クラスターデキストリンを添加しない組成を作成した（比較例１）。
【００２２】
【表１】
これら実施例１〜４および比較例１の組成における電解質濃度および糖質濃度は表２に示すとおりである。
【００２４】
【表２】
これら実施例１〜４および比較例１の電解質飲料の浸透圧を測定した（浸透圧計ＯＭ−６０３０、京都第一化学製）。結果は表３に示すとおりである。糖質としてクラスターシクロデキストリンを用いることにより溶液浸透圧を低張にすることができた。
【００２６】
【表３】
［試験例２］
また実施例１と同様に表４の組成にしたがって各薬品を秤量し、注射用水に溶解して、それぞれ１００ｍＬの本発明の電解質飲料を調製した（実施例５〜８）。比較例として、糖質としてスクロースを７ｇ含有し、クラスターデキストリンを添加しない組成を作成した（比較例２）。
【００２８】
【表４】
これら実施例５〜８および比較例２の組成における電解質濃度および糖質濃度は表５に示すとおりである。
【００３０】
【表５】
試験例１と同様に、実施例５〜８および比較例２の電解質飲料の浸透圧を測定した。結果は表６に示すとおりである。糖質としてクラスターシクロデキストリンを用いることにより溶液浸透圧を低張にすることができた。
【００３２】
【表６】
糖質としてクラスターシクロデキストリンを用いることにより溶液浸透圧を低張にした電解質飲料組成物を得ることができた。
【００３４】
［試験例３］
実施例２〜４、比較例１の電解質飲料組成物を用いて、以下のように動物試験を行った（各群ｎ＝３）。
【００３５】
一晩絶食したウィスター（Ｗｉｓｔａｒ）系雄性ラットを用いて、ウレタン（アルドリッヒ（Ａｌｄｒｉｃｈ）製、１．４ｇ／ｋｇ、皮下投与）麻酔下で開腹し、十二指腸（幽門口から５ｃｍ下部）および回腸（盲腸から５ｃｍ上部）にタイゴンチューブ（Ｒ３６０３、十二指腸側：内径０．７９ｍｍ、回腸側：内径１．５９ｍｍ）を挿入した。インフュージョンポンプ（高精度シリンジポンプＫＤＳ−１００、室町製）を用い、３種類の本発明液をそれぞれ十二指腸側のタイゴンチューブから０．５ｍＬ／ｍｉｎの流速で流し、灌流開始１時間後より１０分間の灌流液を回腸側から３回採取した。採取した灌流液は遠心分離機（Ｈ−３Ｒ、コクサン製）により遠心分離（３０００ｒｐｍ、１０ｍｉｎ）し、上清を採取後、測定まで４℃で遮光保存した。灌流終了後、十二指腸から回腸までの腸管を摘出・採取した。
採取した腸管は乾燥機（トーヨー製）を用いて６０℃で一晩乾燥させ、その後乾燥重量を臓器測定用天秤（ＪＰ−３００Ｗ、Ｃｈｙｏ Ｂａｌａｎｃｅ）を用いて測定した。
【００３６】
なお、表７に示す市販の２つの電解質飲料、検体Ａ（ポカリスエットＴＭ、大塚製薬株式会社）および検体Ｂ（パワープロダクションＣＣＤドリンクＴＭ、江崎グリコ株式会社）についても同様の試験を行った（各群ｎ＝３）。
【００３７】
【表７】
【００３８】
水分吸収量は、本発明液中にあらかじめ添加したフェノールレッド（試薬特級、２０ｍｇ／Ｌ）が腸管に吸収されないことを利用して、発明液に対する灌流液のフェノールレッド濃度変化による吸光度変化から求めた．発明液および灌流液を０．１ｍＬとり，これに１％炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を０．９ｍＬ加えよく撹拌した後、紫外・可視吸光光度計（ＵＶ−２４００ＰＣ、島津）を用いて、波長５６０ｎｍ、５２０ｎｍ、６００ｎｍの吸光度を測定した。それぞれの測定値を用いて、以下の計算式（式１）に従って腸管への水分吸収量（μＬ／ｇ／ｍｉｎ）を算出した。
【００３９】
【数１】
ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、塩化物イオン濃度は、電解質自動分析装置（ＥＡ０６Ｔ、Ａ＆Ｔ社製）を用いて測定した。各々の測定値から、以下の計算式（式２）に従って腸管への電解質吸収量（μｍｏｌ／ｇ／ｍｉｎ）を算出した。
【００４１】
【数２】
３回採取した灌流液の平均値を測定値とし、各群の平均±標準誤差（ｍｅａｎ±Ｓ．Ｅ．）を求めた。統計学的有意差検定は、比較例１、検体Ａ（ポカリスエットＴＭ）および検体Ｂ（パワープロダクションＣＣＤドリンクＴＭ）に対し、実施例２〜４においてＤｕｎｎｅｔｔの多群検定（ｙｕｋｍｓ ＳＴＡＴ ＬＩＧＨＴ）を行い、危険率５％未満の場合を有意差ありとした。
【００４３】
各検体におけるナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、塩素イオンおよび水の出納は、表８および図１〜４に示す通りであった。
【００４４】
【表８】
（１）実施例２〜４と比較例１との比較
水分吸収量は、実施例２、実施例３、および実施例４いずれも比較例１に比べて有意に多かった（実施例２：ｐ＜０．００１、実施例３、実施例４：ｐ＜０．０１）。電解質（ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、塩化物イオン）吸収量は、実施例２、実施例３、および実施例４いずれも比較例１に比べて有意な差は認められなかったが、吸収量は多い傾向がみられた。実施例２〜４は、溶液浸透圧を低張にしたことにより、比較例１に比べて腸管からの水分吸収性が顕著に高まったと考えられた。
【００４６】
（２）実施例２〜４と検体Ａ（ポカリスエットＴＭ）との比較
水分吸収量は、実施例２、実施例３および実施例４のいずれもが検体Ａに比べて有意に多かった（実施例２：ｐ＜０．００１、実施例３、実施例４：ｐ＜０．０５）。ナトリウムイオン吸収量は、実施例２、実施例３および実施例４のいずれもが検体Ａに比べて有意に多かった（実施例２、実施例３、実施例４：ｐ＜０．００１）。カリウムイオン吸収量は、実施例２、実施例３および実施例４のいずれもが検体Ａに比べて有意に多かった（実施例２、実施例３、実施例４：ｐ＜０．００１）。塩化物イオン吸収量は、実施例２、実施例３および実施例４のいずれもが検体Ａに比べて有意に多かった（実施例２、実施例４：ｐ＜０．０１、実施例３：ｐ＜０．０５）。実施例２〜４は、検体Ａに比べて溶液浸透圧が低張であり、電解質濃度が高いため、腸管からの水分吸収性および電解質吸収性が顕著に高まったと考えられた。
【００４７】
（３）実施例２〜４と検体Ｂ（パワープロダクションＣＣＤドリンクＴＭ）との比較
水分吸収量は、実施例２が検体Ｂに比べて有意に多かった（実施例２：ｐ＜０．０５）。実施例３および実施例４は検体Ｂと同程度の吸収量であった。ナトリウムイオン吸収量は、実施例２、実施例３および実施例４のいずれもが検体Ｂに比べて有意に多かった（実施例２、実施例３、実施例４：ｐ＜０．００１）。カリウムイオン吸収量は、実施例２、実施例３および実施例４のいずれもが検体Ｂに比べて有意に多かった（実施例２、実施例３、実施例４：ｐ＜０．００１）。塩化物イオン吸収量は、実施例２、実施例３および実施例４のいずれもが検体Ｂに比べて有意に多かった（実施例２、実施例４：ｐ＜０．０１、実施例３：ｐ＜０．０５）。実施例２〜４は、検体Ｂに比べて電解質濃度が高いため、腸管からの電解質吸収性が顕著に高まったと考えられた。
【００４８】
【発明の効果】本発明の電解質飲料組成物は優れた水分補給・電解質補給とともに、十分なエネルギー補給を同時に効率よく行うことができる電解質飲料組成物であり、特に、水分補給・電解質補給・十分なエネルギー補給をバランス良く、速やかに行うことができる電解質飲料組成物である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】実施例２〜４、比較例１、および２つの市販電解質飲料（検体Ａおよび検体Ｂ）における水の出納を比較したグラフである。
【図２】実施例２〜４、比較例１、および２つの市販電解質飲料（検体Ａおよび検体Ｂ）におけるナトリウムイオンの出納を比較したグラフである。
【図３】実施例２〜４、比較例１、および２つの市販電解質飲料（検体Ａおよび検体Ｂ）におけるカリウムイオンの出納を比較したグラフである。
【図４】実施例２〜４、比較例１、および２つの市販電解質飲料（検体Ａおよび検体Ｂ）における塩素イオンの出納を比較したグラフである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to oral rehydration fluids and sports drinks for the purpose of rehydration, electrolyte replenishment, and energy replenishment, and more particularly to an electrolyte composition capable of replenishing all of water, electrolytes, and energy in a well-balanced manner.
[0002]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, oral rehydration fluids mainly used for the treatment of acute diarrhea in infants have a high concentration of electrolyte such as sodium ion of 30 to 60 mEq / L in order to achieve prompt water and electrolyte replenishment. , Containing less carbohydrate and having a hypotonic solution osmotic pressure (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In addition, sports drinks are drinks for achieving water / electrolyte and energy supplementation at the time of sweating due to exercise, and have a high carbohydrate content of 50 to 70 g / L. The sodium ion concentration is as low as 10 to 21 mEq / L. A hypotonic sports drink composition and the like are known as such a sports beverage having a hypotonic solution osmotic pressure (for example, see Patent Document 2).
[0003] Such a conventional oral rehydration solution is suitable for prompt replenishment of water and electrolytes, but is not suitable for replenishing energy due to its low sugar content. On the other hand, conventional sports drinks have a high carbohydrate content and are suitable for energy replenishment, but are not suitable for quick hydration due to high solution osmotic pressure, and have a low electrolyte concentration. Not suitable for replenishing electrolytes. In order to compensate for the loss of water and electrolytes and energy consumption due to dehydration and sweating, there is a need for an electrolyte beverage composition that can efficiently supply sufficient energy simultaneously with water supply and electrolyte supply.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-52-41273 [Patent Document 2]
International Patent WO91 / 12734 [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-83621 [Patent Document 4]
JP-A-8-134104 [Patent Document 5]
JP-A-8-311103
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte beverage composition capable of simultaneously supplying water efficiently and replenishing electrolytes, and at the same time efficiently replenishing sufficient energy.
[0006]
Means for Solving the Problems As a result of various studies on an electrolyte beverage composition, the present inventors have found that a high-concentration electrolyte suitable for replenishing electrolytes is contained, and polysaccharides, especially clusters, are used as saccharides. It has been found that by reducing the rise in the osmotic pressure of a solution using cyclodextrin or the like, it is possible to supply water promptly, supply sufficient electrolyte, and supply sufficient energy. That is,
(1) In an electrolyte-containing oral rehydration preparation containing an electrolyte and a saccharide, an electrolyte composition containing 210 kcaL / L or more as an energy amount and having an osmotic pressure of 100 to 250 mOsm / L.
(2) The electrolyte beverage composition according to item (1), which contains, as electrolyte components, 30 to 65 mEq / L of sodium ions, 15 to 25 mEq / L of potassium ions, and 25 to 55 mEq / L of chloride ions.
(3) The electrolyte composition according to (1) or (2), wherein the electrolyte composition contains 2 to 5 mEq / L of magnesium ions as an electrolyte component.
(4) The electrolyte beverage composition according to any one of (1) to (3), which contains 5 w / v% or more of a polysaccharide as a saccharide.
(5) The electrolyte beverage composition according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, and / or a polysaccharide is used as the saccharide.
(6) The electrolyte beverage composition according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein a polysaccharide and a monosaccharide / disaccharide are used in combination as the saccharide.
(7) The electrolyte composition according to (6), which comprises cluster cyclodextrin as a polysaccharide.
(8) 40 to 100 g / L of cluster dextrin as polysaccharide, and 10 to 40 g / L of any one or more of glucose, sucrose, and fructose as monosaccharides and disaccharides (5) to ( 7) The electrolyte beverage composition according to the item,
(9) The electrolyte beverage composition according to any one of (1) to (8), comprising 15 to 40 mEq / L of citrate ions and 5 to 10 mEq / L of phosphate ions.
(10) The electrolyte beverage composition according to any one of (1) to (9), further comprising a sweetener and a flavor.
(11) The electrolyte composition according to any one of (1) to (10), which is a powder preparation to be dissolved and used at the time of use.
It is about.
[0007] The present inventors have conducted various studies on electrolyte beverage compositions and found that they are suitable for replenishment of any of water, electrolytes and carbohydrates in consideration of solution osmotic pressure, electrolyte concentration and carbohydrate content. Thus, the present invention has been completed and the present invention has been completed.
In oral rehydration preparations, it is important that the osmotic pressure of the solution is lower than the physiological osmotic pressure of 285 mOsm / L for rapid absorption of water and electrolytes from the intestinal tract. In a preferred osmotic pressure range of 100 to 250 mOsm / L, more preferably 130 to 220 mOsm / L, particularly preferably 150 to 200 mOsm / L, rapid absorption of water and electrolytes from the intestinal tract is observed.
As the energy source used in the present invention, saccharides can be mainly mentioned. Among saccharides, polysaccharides such as starch and dextrin can reduce the increase in solution osmotic pressure as compared with a case where monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose and disaccharides such as sucrose are added in the same amount. Therefore, by combining these in a well-balanced manner, it is possible to quickly and sufficiently contain a saccharide for replenishing energy.
[0010] Among the starch and dextrin, cluster cyclodextrin, in particular, has a high transfer rate from the stomach to the intestine, so that no burden is imposed on the stomach, the feeling of bloating is small, and energy can be supplied without difficulty (see Patent Document 3). ), It is gradually degraded in the intestine and absorbed moderately, so that it does not cause insulin secretion and enhances body strength. It has higher solubility than dextrins having the same DE value, It has features such as being excellent in stability and hardly causing aging, and having low viscosity and giving a light texture (see
[0011] Among the carbohydrates, glucose in particular serves as an energy source and plays an important role in absorbing sodium ions from the intestinal tract. Sodium ions are absorbed simultaneously with glucose absorption by the sodium-glucose cotransporter present in the small intestine. Cluster dextrin is finally degraded to glucose by saliva and pancreatic amylase and absorbed from the intestinal tract. By combining one or more of glucose, sucrose, and fructose in advance and combining them in a well-balanced manner, the taste is improved and glucose is present even before digestion of the polysaccharide, and water absorption and sodium ion absorption are promptly performed. The formulation can be provided.
In order to efficiently absorb the electrolyte lost by dehydration and perspiration from the intestinal tract by oral ingestion, it is preferable that the electrolyte contains sodium ion, potassium ion, chloride ion and the like. Specifically, sodium ions are preferably contained in an amount of 30 to 65 mEq / L, particularly preferably in a range of 45 to 60 mEq / L. The potassium ion is preferably contained at 15 to 25 mEq / L, the chloride ion is preferably contained at 25 to 55 mEq / L, particularly preferably 30 to 50 mEq / L.
[0013] Magnesium is involved in many enzymatic reactions in the living body and acts on the metabolism of a large amount of minerals including sodium ions and potassium ions. The electrolyte preferably contains 1 to 5 mEq / L of magnesium ions, and particularly preferably 2 to 4 mEq / L.
Further, the electrolyte preferably contains 15 to 40 mEq / L of citrate ions, and preferably 5 to 10 mEq / L of phosphate ions. Citrate ions also have a function of solubilizing the magnesium salt contained in the electrolyte beverage composition of the present invention.
[0015] Therefore, by combining these in a well-balanced manner, a high concentration of electrolyte necessary for replenishing the electrolyte, a carbohydrate for quick and sufficient replenishment of energy, and a solution necessary for replenishing water are contained. It is possible to stay within the osmotic pressure range.
In the electrolyte beverage composition of the present invention, sweeteners such as stevia, sucralose and aspartame, fruit flavors, fruit juices and the like are added in order to impart appropriate sweetness and further improve the ease of drinking. It can also be blended. These also act (add) as the total amount of heat of the supplementary energy.
Furthermore, amino acids such as arginine, leucine, isoleucine, valine and the like can be cited as components which need to be supplemented during exercise, and within the above-mentioned ranges of solution osmotic pressure and total energy, Inclusion is also included in the present invention.
In the electrolyte beverage composition of the present invention, for example, as described above, a predetermined amount of a saccharide and an electrolyte, an appropriate amount of a sweetener and a flavor are well mixed, and water is added and mixed to prepare a liquid. Can be. Further, by drying the electrolyte beverage composition produced as described above, or by granulating the powder of the above-mentioned components, a solid form such as powders, granules, and fine granules is used and dissolved when used. It can also be used as a preparation.
This solution is filled into, for example, an aluminum or steel can or a synthetic resin container such as a PET bottle to obtain a product. In addition, the electrolyte beverage composition can be prepared in the form of a diluted preparation or a dissolving agent at the time of use, such as a concentrated preparation or a powder preparation. Concentrated preparations, powder preparations and the like can also be used by diluting or dissolving them with water, preferably distilled water, so that the concentration range falls within the range of the above-mentioned liquid preparation when diluted or dissolved.
The amount of the electrolyte beverage composition of the present invention to be applied is appropriately determined according to the degree of dehydration and perspiration, but the preferred method of application is to avoid rapid, large-scale ingestion as much as possible and to ingest frequently in small amounts. Is preferred. It is usually taken orally, but can also be used nasally or enterally.
[0021]
Embodiment An embodiment will be described below.
[Test Example 1]
Sodium chloride (reagent grade), potassium chloride (reagent grade), anhydrous sodium dihydrogen phosphate (reagent grade), sodium citrate (reagent grade), magnesium carbonate (reagent grade), citric acid monohydrate (reagent grade) , Sucrose (special grade reagent) and cluster cyclodextrin (Nippon Shokuhin Kako) were weighed according to the composition shown in Table 1, and dissolved in water for injection to prepare 100 mL of the electrolyte beverage of the present invention (Examples 1 to 4). ). As a comparative example, a composition containing 7 g of sucrose as a saccharide and not adding cluster dextrin was prepared (Comparative Example 1).
[0022]
[Table 1]
The electrolyte concentrations and carbohydrate concentrations in the compositions of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 are as shown in Table 2.
[0024]
[Table 2]
The osmotic pressure of the electrolyte beverages of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 was measured (osmometer OM-6030, manufactured by Kyoto Daiichi Kagaku). The results are as shown in Table 3. The use of cluster cyclodextrin as a carbohydrate reduced the osmotic pressure of the solution.
[0026]
[Table 3]
[Test Example 2]
In the same manner as in Example 1, each drug was weighed according to the composition shown in Table 4 and dissolved in water for injection to prepare 100 mL of the electrolyte beverage of the present invention (Examples 5 to 8). As a comparative example, a composition containing 7 g of sucrose as a saccharide and not adding cluster dextrin was prepared (Comparative Example 2).
[0028]
[Table 4]
The electrolyte concentrations and carbohydrate concentrations in the compositions of Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Example 2 are as shown in Table 5.
[0030]
[Table 5]
As in Test Example 1, the osmotic pressures of the electrolyte beverages of Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Example 2 were measured. The results are as shown in Table 6. The use of cluster cyclodextrin as a carbohydrate reduced the osmotic pressure of the solution.
[0032]
[Table 6]
By using cluster cyclodextrin as a carbohydrate, an electrolyte beverage composition having a reduced solution osmotic pressure could be obtained.
[0034]
[Test Example 3]
Animal tests were performed using the electrolyte beverage compositions of Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 as follows (n = 3 in each group).
[0035]
Using a Wistar male rat fasted overnight, the abdomen was opened under anesthesia with urethane (manufactured by Aldrich, 1.4 g / kg, subcutaneous administration), and the duodenum (5 cm below the pyloric ostium) and the ileum (cecum) A Tygon tube (R3603, duodenal side: inner diameter 0.79 mm, ileum side: inner diameter 1.59 mm) was inserted into the upper part 5 cm above. Using an infusion pump (high-accuracy syringe pump KDS-100, manufactured by Muromachi), three kinds of the present invention liquids are respectively flowed at a flow rate of 0.5 mL / min from the duodenum-side Tygon tube, and 10 minutes after 1 hour from the start of perfusion. Was collected three times from the ileum. The collected perfusate was centrifuged (3000 rpm, 10 min) using a centrifuge (H-3R, manufactured by Kokusan), and after collecting the supernatant, it was kept at 4 ° C. under light shielding until measurement. After completion of the perfusion, the intestinal tract from the duodenum to the ileum was extracted and collected.
The collected intestinal tract was dried overnight at 60 ° C. using a drier (manufactured by Toyo), and then the dry weight was measured using a balance for measuring organs (JP-300W, Chiyo Balance).
[0036]
The same test was carried out for two commercially available electrolyte drinks shown in Table 7, Sample A (Pocari Sweat ™ , Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Sample B (Power Production CCD Drink ™ , Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd.) (each group). n = 3).
[0037]
[Table 7]
[0038]
The amount of water absorption was determined from the change in absorbance due to the change in the phenol red concentration of the perfusate with respect to the invention solution, utilizing the fact that phenol red (reagent grade, 20 mg / L) previously added to the solution of the invention was not absorbed into the intestinal tract. . After taking 0.1 mL of the inventive solution and the perfusate, adding 0.9 mL of a 1% aqueous sodium carbonate solution thereto and stirring well, using an ultraviolet / visible absorptiometer (UV-2400PC, Shimadzu), the wavelengths of 560 nm and 520 nm were measured. The absorbance at 600 nm was measured. Using the measured values, the amount of water absorbed into the intestinal tract (μL / g / min) was calculated according to the following calculation formula (Formula 1).
[0039]
(Equation 1)
The sodium ion, potassium ion, and chloride ion concentrations were measured using an automatic electrolyte analyzer (EA06T, manufactured by A & T). From each measurement value, the amount of electrolyte absorbed into the intestinal tract (μmol / g / min) was calculated according to the following calculation formula (Formula 2).
[0041]
(Equation 2)
The average value of the perfusate collected three times was used as the measured value, and the mean ± standard error (mean ± SE) of each group was determined. The statistical significance test was performed by performing Dunnett's multi-group test (yukms STAT LIGHT) in Examples 2 to 4 for Comparative Example 1, Sample A (Pocari Sweat ™ ) and Sample B (Power Production CCD Drink ™ ). The case where the risk ratio was less than 5% was determined to be significant.
[0043]
The balance of sodium ion, potassium ion, chlorine ion and water in each sample was as shown in Table 8 and FIGS.
[0044]
[Table 8]
(1) Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 had a significantly higher water absorption than Examples 1 to 3 in Examples 2, 3 and 4 (Example 2: p <0.001, Example 3, Example 4: p <0.01). The electrolyte (sodium ion, potassium ion, chloride ion) absorption amount was not significantly different from that of Comparative Example 1 in any of Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4, but the absorption amount was large. There was a tendency. In Examples 2 to 4, it was considered that the absorption of water from the intestinal tract was significantly increased as compared with Comparative Example 1 by making the solution osmotic pressure hypotonic.
[0046]
(2) Comparison between Examples 2 to 4 and Sample A (Pocari Sweat ™ ) The water absorption of Examples 2, 3 and 4 was significantly larger than that of Sample A (Example 2). 2: p <0.001, Example 3, Example 4: p <0.05). The amount of sodium ion absorption was significantly higher in all of Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4 than in Sample A (Examples 2, 3, and 4: p <0.001). The amount of potassium ion absorption was significantly higher in all of Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4 than in Sample A (Examples 2, 3, and 4: p <0.001). The amount of chloride ion absorption was significantly higher in all of Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4 than in Sample A (Example 2, Example 4: p <0.01, Example 3: p <0.05). In Examples 2 to 4, since the solution osmotic pressure was lower than that of the sample A and the electrolyte concentration was high, it was considered that the water absorption from the intestinal tract and the electrolyte absorption were significantly increased.
[0047]
(3) Comparison between Examples 2 to 4 and Sample B (Power Production CCD Drink TM ) The amount of water absorption was significantly higher in Example 2 than in Sample B (Example 2: p <0.05). . In Examples 3 and 4, the absorption amount was almost the same as that of the sample B. The amount of sodium ion absorption was significantly higher in Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4 than in Sample B (Examples 2, 3, and 4: p <0.001). The amount of potassium ion absorption in each of Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4 was significantly higher than that of Sample B (Examples 2, 3, and 4: p <0.001). The amount of chloride ion absorption was significantly higher in all of Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4 than in Sample B (Example 2, Example 4: p <0.01, Example 3: p <0.05). In Examples 2 to 4, it was considered that the electrolyte concentration from the intestinal tract was significantly increased because the electrolyte concentration was higher than that of the sample B.
[0048]
The electrolyte beverage composition of the present invention is an electrolyte beverage composition capable of efficiently and simultaneously providing sufficient energy supply with excellent water supply and electrolyte supply. It is an electrolyte beverage composition capable of promptly supplying a good amount of energy with good balance.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing water balance in Examples 2 to 4, Comparative Example 1, and two commercially available electrolyte drinks (sample A and sample B).
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the balance of sodium ions in Examples 2 to 4, Comparative Example 1, and two commercially available electrolyte beverages (Sample A and Sample B).
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing potassium ion balance in Examples 2 to 4, Comparative Example 1, and two commercially available electrolyte drinks (sample A and sample B).
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the balance of chloride ions in Examples 2 to 4, Comparative Example 1, and two commercially available electrolyte drinks (Sample A and Sample B).
Claims (11)
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