JP2003319616A - Semiconductor control motor with mechanical sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem of a short motor life time due to brush wear in a commutator motor and to attain reduction in the space of a circuit in a semiconductor control motor and cost. <P>SOLUTION: A sensor ring rotating integrally with a rotor and a brush are provided for an electric-signal detection sensor detecting a relative facing position between a stator and the rotor. As a result, sparking wear which is one of main causes of wearing to the brush in the commutator motor is eliminated, the switching operation of a semiconductor switch is controlled by the detected voltage signal which generates a rotating magnetic field at the stator to rotate the rotor. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a semiconductor motor with a mechanical sensor equipped with a mechanical position detecting device for detecting the relative position between a rotor and a stator using a sensor ring and a brush and a semiconductor switch.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A motor is provided with a commutator and a brush as mechanical position detecting means, a field is a permanent magnet or a DC exciting electromagnet, and a DC motor for rectifying an armature current to obtain a rotational force in a certain direction. Similarly, there is a universal motor that has a commutator and a brush and that can be used for both direct and alternating currents by using the field as an electromagnet. Both are called commutator motors because they are motors that use a commutator. Furthermore, in the motor having a multi-pole permanent magnet in the rotor, Hall I
A position signal of the rotor is detected by using a semiconductor element such as C, and a power switch element such as a transistor connected in series to the multi-phase winding is controlled to open and close in accordance with a certain sequence based on the position signal information so that a constant value is obtained. There is a semiconductor control motor (hereinafter abbreviated as a semiconductor motor) that obtains a rotational force in a direction.

[0003]

Among such commutator motors and semiconductor motors, in the former motor, a voltage called a reactance voltage or a transformer voltage is generated between the commutator element and the brush during commutation for switching the armature current. Therefore, a large spark is unavoidable between the commutator and the brush, which promotes abrasion of the brush and shortens the life of the motor.

The latter semiconductor motor has no mechanical wear parts other than the bearing and is a motor having a very long life and high reliability, but on the other hand, it is necessary to mount a semiconductor sensor such as a Hall IC. As a power source of the sensor circuit, it is necessary to provide a power source circuit different from the main circuit, and there is a drawback that it is easily affected by external noise. Furthermore, a distribution circuit for distributing a signal to the operated power element is also required, and the circuit is complicated and requires a large space, and there is a drawback that the cost is significantly increased as compared with the commutator motor. It was

The present invention was invented to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the commutator motor and the brushless motor, and its problem is similar to the commutator in the commutator motor as the position detecting means. A sensor ring and a brush for the function are provided, but they do not have a commutation function that switches the direction of the current flowing through the armature coil, as in a conventional commutator motor, but they do not interfere with each other between the rotor and the stator. A sensor ring and a brush are provided for the purpose of acting as a voltage sensor for a signal for detecting a position.

As a result, although mechanical brush wear due to friction is present, the generation of sparks, which is the main factor of brush wear, can be eliminated, and the pressing load of the brush can be made low, so that The abrasion of the brush due to friction can be made extremely small, and the life of the brush can be extended longer than the life of the bearing. Thus, the object of the present invention is to obtain a long life equivalent to that of a conventional semiconductor motor,
It is to provide a new type motor that is smaller and cheaper.

Another object of the present invention is to use a switching element such as a transistor or a thyristor in the motor of the present invention, as in the semiconductor motor described above. However, the control circuit portion of the switching element is simplified as much as possible, and the cost is further reduced. Another object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor motor that can save space.

[0008]

For this reason, the invention according to claim 1 is to provide a stator having a plurality of phases of armature windings wound thereon, a semiconductor switch for intermittently controlling a current passing through the armature windings, and In a semiconductor motor having a field rotor, a sensor ring fixed to the rotary shaft of the field rotor and a brush in contact with the sensor ring are provided, and a semiconductor switch is activated by a voltage signal detected by the brush. The purpose is to control the opening and closing, generate a rotating magnetic field in the stator, and continuously rotate the field rotor.

According to a second aspect of the invention, in the semiconductor motor with a mechanical sensor (hereinafter abbreviated as a mechanical sensor) according to the first aspect, the sensor ring is applied with a positive voltage and zero or negative voltage. Two slip ring sections and an output ring section in which two kinds of electrodes are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and one of the two slip ring sections is connected to each electrode of the output ring section. There is something I did.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in a semiconductor motor with a mechanical sensor, the brush has two power supply brushes that are in contact with the slip ring portion and n brushes (n is 2 or more) that are in contact with the rectifying ring portion. An integer number of output brushes, n semiconductor switch elements that are opened and closed by a voltage signal of the output brushes, and a stator magnetic pole around which an n-phase exciting coil connected in series with the semiconductor switch elements is wound. It is composed of a rotor integrated with a permanent magnet.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, a case where a 3-phase motor is used as a polyphase motor according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
It will be described with reference to FIGS. With other multi-phase motors such as 2-phase and 4-phase motors, the semiconductor motor with a mechanical sensor of the present invention can be easily realized with the same configuration.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the whole of a semiconductor motor with a mechanical sensor according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the relationship between the stator magnetic poles, the rotor magnetic poles, and the position of each phase output brush of the sensor ring. In FIGS. 1 and 2, 2 in the stator 5
A rotor 3 having pole permanent magnets 4 is fixed to the rotating shaft 2 and is rotatably arranged.

A sensor ring 6 is fixed to the rotary shaft 2, a positive electrode brush 8-1, a ground brush 8-2, and output brushes 8-3a, 8-3b, 8-3c, and an end casing 12. It is held by the brush holder 7 attached to the sensor ring 6 and is in contact with the sensor ring 6.

The stator 5 is a three-pole stator magnetic pole 5-1.
It has a, 5-1b, 5-1c and is housed and fixed inside the cylindrical casing 10. The rotor 3 includes a two-pole permanent magnet 4 and a rotor core 3-1, and is housed in the stator 5. One end of the rotating shaft 2 is the end casing 1
1 is rotatably rotatably supported by a bearing 9 attached to the central portion of the first end, and the other end is rotatably pierced by a bearing 9 attached to the central portion of an end casing 12 attached to the other end of the cylindrical casing 10. Is supported by.

The windings for the respective magnetic poles of the stator 5 are wound so that they are in the same direction when viewed from the inner peripheral side of the stator,
One end is collected as a common terminal and connected to the plus electrode, and the other three terminals (13a, 13b, 13c) are connected to the collector terminals of the three power transistors 14a, 14b, 14c, respectively.

The sensor ring 6 has a structure shown in a sectional view of the sensor ring and the brush holder in FIG. 3, a top view of the sensor ring and the brush holder in FIG. 4, and a bottom view of the sensor ring and the brush holder in FIG. A slip ring portion 6-1 on which the positive electrode brush 8-1 slides is provided above the sensor ring 6, and a slip ring portion 6-2 on which the ground electrode brush 8-2 slides is provided below.
have. In addition, a positive electrode piece 6-3a connected to the slip ring and a ground electrode piece 6-3 are provided in the middle portion.
An output ring portion 6-3 in which b is alternately provided in the circumferential direction is provided, and the positive electrode piece 6-3a is a slip ring portion 6-1.
In addition, the ground electrode piece 6-3b is connected to the slip ring portion 6-3.
-2 are connected to each. Further, a non-electrode piece 6-33 is provided in the intermediate portion between the positive electrode piece 6-3a and the ground electrode piece 6-3b.

Next, the rotation operation will be described with reference to the drive circuit diagram of the motor of the present invention shown in FIG. 6 and the principle of rotation of the motor of the present invention shown in FIG. For such a three-phase motor, a power supply voltage is applied to the positive electrode brush 8-1 via the resistor 16a. This voltage is applied to the base or gate control circuit (hereinafter abbreviated as gate control circuit) 15a, 1 of each phase.
The voltage is divided by the resistors 16a and 16b so as to have an appropriate value for operating the transistors 5b and 15c. Further, the earth brush 8-2 is grounded so as to have a zero voltage. Although the transistor symbol is shown as a bipolar type in FIG. 6, it also includes a unipolar type FET and an IGBT.

The power supply voltage divided by the resistors 16a and 16b is passed through the positive electrode brush 8-1 and the slip ring portion 6 is supplied.
Powered to -1. Further, via the positive electrode piece 6-3a, the output brush 8-3a for A phase and the A phase gate circuit 15
A positive voltage is supplied to the base of the A-phase transistor 14a via a. Also, the earth voltage is the earth brush 8-
2 is connected to the ground electrode piece 6-3b via the slip ring 6-2, and is further connected to the C-phase gate circuit and the base of the C-phase transistor 14c via the C-phase brush 8-3c. . Also, the output brush for B phase 8-3
b is separated from the positive electrode piece 6-3a and abuts on the non-electrode piece 6-33. The B-phase transistor 14b is in the process of being switched from the conductive state to the non-conductive state via the B-phase gate circuit 15b.

That is, when the A-phase output brush 8-3a has a positive voltage, the A-phase transistor 14a becomes conductive,
An exciting current flows through the A-phase coil 13a. This exciting current magnetizes the A-phase pole 5-1a to the N pole, attracts the S-pole permanent magnet of the rotor, and the rotor rotates counterclockwise.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of the principle of rotation showing the relative positions of the stator and rotor of the motor of the present invention and the relative positions of the commutator and brush. The sensor ring 6 of the motor of the present invention
Rotates with the same angle as the rotor 3 as the rotor 3 rotates. The rotation operation will be described below with reference to this figure.

First, consider the case where the rotor is in the relative position shown in FIG. 7 (a). At this position, the exciting current flows only in the A-phase coil 13a (not shown in FIG. 7) and A
Only the phase magnetic pole 5-1a is excited to the N pole, and the B phase magnetic pole 5-1
The b and C phase magnetic poles 5-1c are magnetized to the S pole. Figure 7 (a)
The center of the N pole of the rotor 3 indicated by the arrow indicates a rotational force until it reaches the S pole center position located 90 ° ahead in the counterclockwise direction, and starts rotating.

Next, when the rotor 3 is rotated by 60 ° from the initial position shown in FIG. 7 (a), it becomes the relative relation position shown in FIG. 7 (b). At this position, the A-phase coils 13a and B
The phase coil 13b is excited to the N pole, and the C phase coil 13c is magnetized to the S pole. The center of the N pole of the rotor 3 receives the rotational force until it reaches the center position of the S pole located 90 ° in the counterclockwise direction, that is, the center of the C-phase magnetic pole 5-1c, and the rotor 3 rotates counterclockwise. Continue to turn to.

Next, when the rotor 3 is further rotated by 60 ° from the position shown in FIG. 7 (b), the relative position shown in FIG. 7 (c) is obtained. At this position, the A-phase coil 13a
Excitation is stopped and the B-phase coil 13b is continuously excited. Further, the excitation of the C-phase coil 13c remains stopped, and the A-phase magnetic pole and the C-phase magnetic pole are magnetized to the S pole. The center of the N pole of the rotor 3 is in the diagonally lower right direction as shown in FIG. 7C, and further 90 ° counterclockwise.
The rotor 3 continues to rotate by receiving the rotational force in the counterclockwise direction up to the S pole center position at the previous position, that is, the center position of the A phase magnetic pole 5-1a and the C phase magnetic pole 5-1c.

Similarly, when the rotor 3 further rotates by 60 °, the excitation of the A-phase coil 13a is stopped and the excitation of the B-phase coil 13b is continued, and the B-phase magnetic pole 5 is continuously excited.
-1b is an N pole. Further, the C-phase coil 13c starts to be excited, the C-phase magnetic pole 5-1c is set to the N pole, and the A-phase magnetic pole 5-1a is magnetized to the S pole. In this state, the direction of the N pole center of the rotor 3 is the right horizontal direction, and the rotor 3
A counterclockwise rotational force is generated until is further rotated 90 °.

Similarly, when the rotor 3 further rotates 60 °, the excitation of only the C-phase coil 13c is continued, the C-phase magnetic pole 5-1c becomes the N pole, and the A-phase magnetic pole 5-1a and the B-phase magnetic pole 5-1c. 5-1b is magnetized to the south pole. In this state, the direction of the N pole center of the rotor 3 is diagonally right upward, and counterclockwise rotational force is generated until the rotor 3 further rotates 90 °.

In the same manner, the rotor 3 is further rotated by 60 °.
When rotated, the C-phase coil 13c continues to be excited, the B-phase coil 13b continues to be de-energized, the A-phase coil 13a starts to be excited, and the A-phase magnetic pole 5-1a and the C-phase magnetic pole 5- 1c is an N pole, and the B-phase magnetic pole 5-1b is magnetized to an S pole. In this state, the direction of the center of the N pole of the rotor 3 is diagonally upward to the left, and the rotor 3 is rotated by 90 °.
Counterclockwise rotational force is generated until it rotates to the previous position.

FIG. 7 (a) shows a state in which the rotor 3 is further rotated by 60 °, and the coaxial sensor ring 6 is rotated every time the rotor 3 is rotated by 60 °, so that the current of each phase coil is automatically interrupted. , Is driven at the rotation speed of the average torque that balances with the load torque.

[0028]

According to the invention of a semiconductor control motor with a mechanical sensor as set forth in claim 1, an armature having windings of a plurality of phases, and a field magnetic pole for supplying a magnetic flux intersecting with the windings of the armature are provided. In a semiconductor motor including a semiconductor switch for controlling a current supplied to the winding, a sensor ring having an electrode piece fixed to a rotating shaft and supplied with different potentials,
Since the semiconductor switch is controlled by a voltage signal detected by the brush, which has a brush that abuts and slides on the sensor ring, it is caused by a spark when power is supplied between the brush and the commutator like a commutator motor. Brush wear can be eliminated, the motor life can be extended as long as the semiconductor motor that is considered to be determined by the bearing life, and the power supply circuit and distribution circuit required for driving conventional semiconductor motors can be achieved. The motor can be significantly downsized, and the cost can be reduced significantly.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the semiconductor control motor with the mechanical sensor according to the first aspect, two power supply slip ring portions to which different potentials are respectively supplied,
Since the slip ring portions are connected to the respective output ring portions which are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, the slip ring portions can be easily incorporated into the motor, the brush size can be reduced, and the manufacturing can be performed. It can be an easy and cheap sensor ring.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the semiconductor control motor with a mechanical sensor according to the second aspect, the brushes include one power feeding brush that is in contact with the two power feeding slip ring portions, and the output ring. Consisting of n (n is an integer of 2 or more) output brushes abutting the part,
N semiconductor switching elements that open and close based on the voltage signal of the output brush, and a stator magnetic pole around which an n-phase exciting coil connected in series with the semiconductor switching element is wound.
Since it is composed of a rotor having a permanent magnet, the number of n-phase exciting coils and the number of output brushes are the same, the signal processing in the control circuit can be simplified, there is no malfunction due to radio noise, and the semiconductor motor is smaller and more reliable. Can be

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing the overall structure of a semiconductor control motor with a mechanical sensor according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a relationship among stator magnetic poles, rotor magnetic poles, and output brush positions of respective phases of a sensor ring.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a sensor ring and a brush holder.

FIG. 4 is a top view of the sensor ring and the brush holder.

FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the sensor ring and the brush holder.

FIG. 6 is a drive circuit diagram of the motor of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a relative position of a stator and a rotor of the motor of the present invention,
FIG. 6 is a rotation principle explanatory diagram showing a relative position between a commutator and a brush.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Semiconductor control motor with mechanical sensor 3 rotor 4 permanent magnet 5 stator 5-1a A phase magnetic pole 5-1b B-phase magnetic pole 5-1c C phase magnetic pole 6 sensor ring 7 brush holder 8-1 Positive brush 8-2 Earth brush 8-3a, 8-3b, 8-3c Output brush 12 End casing 13a A phase coil 13b B phase coil 13c C phase coil 14a, 14b, 14c Power transistor 15a, 15b, 15c Gate control circuit 16a, 16b resistance

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An armature having windings of a plurality of phases, a field magnetic pole for supplying a magnetic flux that intersects with the winding of the armature, and a semiconductor switch for controlling a current supplied to the winding. In the semiconductor control motor, a sensor ring having an electrode piece fixed to a rotating shaft and supplied with different potentials, and a brush that abuts and slides on the sensor ring are provided. A semiconductor control motor with a mechanical sensor characterized by controlling a semiconductor switch. 2. The sensor ring includes two feeding slip ring portions to which different potentials are fed, and output ring portions connected to each of the slip ring portions and arranged alternately in the circumferential direction. The semiconductor control motor with a mechanical sensor according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor control motor has a mechanical sensor. 3. The brushes include one power supply brush that is in contact with each of the two power supply slip rings, and n (n is an integer of 2 or more) output brushes that are in contact with each of the output ring parts. And n semiconductor switch elements that open and close based on the electric signal of the output brush, a stator pole around which an n-phase exciting coil connected in series with the semiconductor switch element is wound, and a permanent magnet. 3. A semiconductor motor with a mechanical sensor according to claim 2, wherein the semiconductor motor has a rotor.