JP2001270704A - 水素発生装置 - Google Patents
水素発生装置Info
- Publication number
- JP2001270704A JP2001270704A JP2000087996A JP2000087996A JP2001270704A JP 2001270704 A JP2001270704 A JP 2001270704A JP 2000087996 A JP2000087996 A JP 2000087996A JP 2000087996 A JP2000087996 A JP 2000087996A JP 2001270704 A JP2001270704 A JP 2001270704A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- reforming
- catalyst
- hydrogen generator
- raw material
- desulfurization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Abstract
装置において、硫黄系化合物が被改質ガスに含まれたと
き、触媒の劣化を抑制する。 【解決手段】 少なくとも白金を含有する改質触媒を有
する改質部を設置し、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、N
i、Cu、Znからなる群より選択される少なくとも1
種以上の金属の酸化物を配置した脱硫部を、前記原料の
流れ方向に対して前記改質部より下流部に設置する。
Description
G、ガソリン、ナフサ、灯油、メタノール等の炭化水素
系化合物と水と空気とを原料として、燃料電池等の水素
利用機器に水素を供給するための水素発生装置に関す
る。
補の一つとして、水素が注目されているが、その有効利
用のためには水素パイプライン等の社会インフラの整備
が必要とされている。その一つの方法として、天然ガ
ス、その他化石燃料、アルコール等の現状既に構築され
ている運送、搬送などのインフラを利用し、水素を必要
とする場所でそれら燃料を改質して水素を発生させる方
法が検討されている。
して、燃料電池のための都市ガスの改質技術、自動車の
動力源用の燃料電池のためのメタノールの改質技術等が
様々な形で提案されている。それらの原料には微量の硫
黄化合物が含まれており、これらの原料を直接導入する
と改質触媒、CO変成触媒等が被毒、性能劣化に至るこ
とが確認されている。そのため、前述の硫黄化合物を除
去する方法として、改質触媒を設置した上流側に、酸化
亜鉛などの遷移金属酸化物やゼオライトなどを配置し、
これにより脱硫する方法が提案されている。
料ガスの改質装置は、ほとんどの場合上記従来例のよう
に、触媒の上流側に脱硫部を具備させる方法が採択され
ていた。このような脱硫の方式には化学脱硫方式と、物
理吸着方式がある。金属酸化物を用いる化学脱硫反応で
は、金属酸化物を約400℃の高温に保持する必要があ
る。また、ゼオライトなどの物理的吸着剤による脱硫で
は、原料ガスに含有される水蒸気などにより吸着置換が
起こり、原料ガスから硫黄化合物の脱離が生じるため、
下流の触媒が被毒される可能性がある。また、ゼオライ
ト系吸着剤を用いる場合、酸化亜鉛などの化学反応脱硫
に比べ脱硫量に対する吸着剤容積が大きくなり、装置を
コンパクト化する点では問題があった。したがって、改
質部後部、もしくはCO変成部の既存の熱を用い、改質
部下流側で金属酸化物で化学反応脱硫する方法が望ま
れ、そのためには含硫黄化合物に対し耐久性を有する改
質触媒や触媒使用条件の確立が急務であった。
め本発明の水素発生装置は、炭化水素系化合物と、水
と、空気との供給部を備え、前記炭化水素系化合物と前
記水と前記空気とを含有する原料が改質触媒に接触する
ことで水素を生成する水素発生装置において、少なくと
も白金を含有する改質触媒を有する改質部を設置し、
V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Znからな
る群より選択される少なくとも1種以上の金属の酸化物
を配置した脱硫部を、前記原料の流れ方向に対して前記
改質部より下流部に設置したことを特徴とする。
ルミニウムの少なくとも一方を含有する担体に改質触媒
を担持し、改質触媒を600℃以上で800℃以下の温
度範囲で加熱することにより改質反応を行うことが望ま
しい。
合物を含む原料ガスを、硫黄による被毒に対し耐久性の
高い白金を含有する改質触媒に接触させ、前記改質触媒
の下流側に位置する金属酸化物により脱硫することで、
改質に際し硫黄による触媒劣化を引き起こすことなく、
かつ脱硫に際し改質部やCO変成部などの既存の熱を利
用可能である水素発生装置である。このとき、原料ガス
に炭化水素と水と空気の両方を含有することが有効であ
る。また、改質触媒の使用温度が600℃から800℃
の範囲にあることが有効である。また、触媒金属の担体
が少なくとも酸化ジルコニウム、酸化アルミニウムを含
有することが有効である。
明する。
媒の耐久性について調べた。
き、酸化アルミニウムに3重量%担持した触媒を調製し
た。Ptはジニトロジアンミン錯塩を用い、その他の元素
については硝酸塩を用いた。まず、酸化アルミニウムを
金属塩溶液に含浸し、500℃にて1時間熱分解して調製し
た。このような金属担持アルミナ粉末を圧縮、破砕し8
〜15メッシュの粒状に成型した。塩化は金さあ、は金さ
んナトリウム、これを石英管に充填し、空間速度が1000
0h-1になるようメタン、水蒸気、空気の混合ガスを導入
した。この際、メタン1に対しモル比で水蒸気3、空気2.
5とした。また、都市ガスの付臭剤成分であるターシャ
リーブチルメルカプタン(以下TBM)とジメチルスルフ
ィド(以下DMS)をそれぞれ2.5ppmになるよう添加し
た。石英管を管状炉に挿入、炉温を800℃に保持しメタ
ン転化率の経時変化を観察した。なお、触媒は原料ガス
導入前に10%H2/Heにて空間速度10000h-1、400℃、1時間
水素還元を行った。以上に示した評価を実験1とする。
この結果を表1に示した。
に比べ含硫黄化合物に対する耐久性が高いことが示され
た。
硫化水素に転化した。400℃において改質触媒と5倍の体
積のV2O5、Cr2O3、MnO2、Fe2O3、Co2O3、NiO、CuO、ZnO
を用い脱硫特性を調べたが、脱硫剤の下流側において硫
黄成分は検出されなかった。また、これらの金属酸化物
の中でも酸化亜鉛が最も吸着容量が高く脱硫剤として適
していることがわかった。これにより改質触媒下流側の
脱硫が可能であることが分かった。
物に対する耐久性との相関を調べた。
料ガスのメタン、水、空気の3つの物質のモル比を変化
させた。その他の実験条件は実験1に同じとした。モル
比を変化させた際のメタン転化率の経時変化を表2に示
した。
が高いほど高活性であり、とくに空気量は触媒の劣化に
著しい影響を与えた。したがって、活性面、性能劣化等
を考慮して原料ガスには水、空気の両方を含むことが不
可欠である。また、メタン転化率、触媒の使用温度を考
慮した場合、水、空気の添加量は多いほど好ましいこと
を見いだした。
媒の耐久性との相関を調べた。触媒は3重量%Pt/Al2O3を
用い、実験1と同じ方法で行った。この際、電気炉温度
を500℃、600℃、700℃、800℃、900℃、1000℃の6通
りに変化させて行った。その際、触媒の上流の表面温度
を測定した。触媒温度を変化させた際のメタン転化率、
触媒温度の経時変化を表3に示した。
範囲では高いメタン転化率を維持し、かつ触媒劣化も抑
制された。
対する耐久性に及ぼす影響について調べた。担体には、
Al2O3,TiO2,ZrO2,MgO,SiO2-Al2O3の5種類を用い、それ
ぞれ1000℃で1時間空気中で熱処理した。これらの担体
につき実験1を行い、メタン転化率の経時変化を表4に
示した。
化合物に対する触媒の耐久性が高いことを見いだした。
SiO2-Al2O3など固体酸性の高い担体ではコーク析出が著
しく、TiO2,MgOなど担体の比表面積が低く触媒金属の分
散性が低いものに関しても耐久性は乏しかった。
るAl2O3は高耐久性であり、ZrO2に関しては比表面積、
分散度ともに低いのにも関わらず高耐久性を示した。希
土類元素を導入した安定化ZrO2に関しても同様の傾向を
示すことを見いだした。
合物に対し耐久性の高い白金を含有する改質触媒を用
い、高温で水と空気の両方により改質することで、前記
改質触媒の下流側に脱硫部を位置させることが可能であ
る。これにより、脱硫の際、改質部の排熱やCO変成部
の熱を利用可能となり、ゼオライト系吸着剤を用いる脱
硫部に比べ脱硫部のコンパクト化が可能となった。
Claims (2)
- 【請求項1】 炭化水素系化合物と、水と、空気との供
給部を備え、前記炭化水素系化合物と前記水と前記空気
とを含有する原料が改質触媒に接触することで水素を生
成する水素発生装置において、少なくとも白金を含有す
る改質触媒を有する改質部を設置し、V、Cr、Mn、
Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Znからなる群より選択され
る少なくとも1種以上の金属の酸化物を配置した脱硫部
を、前記原料の流れ方向に対して前記改質部より下流部
に設置したことを特徴とする水素発生装置。 - 【請求項2】 酸化ジルコニウムまたは酸化アルミニウ
ムの少なくとも一方を含有する担体に改質触媒を担持
し、改質触媒を600℃以上で800℃以下の温度範囲
で加熱することにより改質反応を行うことを特徴とする
請求項1記載の水素発生装置。
Priority Applications (6)
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JP2000087996A JP2001270704A (ja) | 2000-03-28 | 2000-03-28 | 水素発生装置 |
PCT/JP2001/002375 WO2001073878A1 (fr) | 2000-03-28 | 2001-03-23 | Dispositif concu pour produire de l'hydrogene et son procede de fonctionnement |
US10/239,954 US20040131540A1 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2001-03-23 | Device for producing hydrogen and method of operating the same |
KR1020027012289A KR20020084215A (ko) | 2000-03-28 | 2001-03-23 | 수소제조장치 및 그 운전방법 |
CN01806666A CN1418387A (zh) | 2000-03-28 | 2001-03-23 | 制氢装置及其运转方法 |
EP01915753A EP1271679A1 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2001-03-23 | Device for producing hydrogen and method of operating the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000087996A JP2001270704A (ja) | 2000-03-28 | 2000-03-28 | 水素発生装置 |
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Family
ID=18603928
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JP2000087996A Pending JP2001270704A (ja) | 2000-03-28 | 2000-03-28 | 水素発生装置 |
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JP2003146615A (ja) * | 2001-11-16 | 2003-05-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 水素製造方法 |
JP2004525048A (ja) * | 2000-11-13 | 2004-08-19 | アイダテック, エル.エル.シー. | 燃料処理装置及び燃料処理装置のための改良された供給原料 |
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JP2006517905A (ja) * | 2003-02-18 | 2006-08-03 | ハイドロジェンソース エルエルシー | 炭化水素供給物の水素脱硫のための水素生成装置 |
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US7132178B2 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2006-11-07 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Hydrogen generator, fuel cell system and control method of hydrogen generator |
JP2003146615A (ja) * | 2001-11-16 | 2003-05-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 水素製造方法 |
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JP2005089255A (ja) * | 2003-09-18 | 2005-04-07 | Air Water Inc | 水素発生装置および方法 |
JP2009149509A (ja) * | 2009-01-19 | 2009-07-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電気自動車 |
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