ITBO20060613A1 - REACTOR FOR THE THERMO-MECHANICAL DETACHMENT OF HETEROGENEOUS INCORERENT MATERIALS SUCH AS PLASTIC, RUBBER, PAPER, CARDBOARD, WOOD. - Google Patents

Description

Title: REACTOR FOR THE THERMAL-MECHANICAL SCISSION OF HETEROGENEOUS INCOERENT MATERIALS SUCH AS PLASTIC,

RUBBER, PAPER, CARDBOARD, WOOD

On behalf: GIORGIO PECCI

BO2OO0A o oo ei s 22 A6Q.2QQ6 Resident in: FERRARA

* * * *

DESCRIPTION

The subject of the present invention is a reactor for the thermomechanical splitting of heterogeneous incoherent materials such as plastic, rubber, paper,

cardboard, wood, natural and synthetic fabrics, maize-type plants or

other intensively cultivated plants.

So-called "cracking" reactions are known, which consist in subjecting

incoherent material with mixing and heating, typically but not exclusively at values between 350 and 600 ° C, to obtain products

gaseous products such as LPG or methane, liquid products such as diesel oil e

solid products such as ash, coal or the like.

Known and traditional cracking equipment routinely operate on

products such as petroleum and the like, and work with pressure values,

rather rigid temperatures and treatment times.

It was then thought to create an equipment that could be

fed with heterogeneous waste materials such as plastic, rubber, shavings

of wood, paper, cardboard, and others, which can work continuously, which allows

to adjust at will the residence time of the material in the reactor and i

temperature and depression values.

The technical task of the present invention is to obviate the aforementioned

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ig. Guido Modiano, M'oaeìa N.ino, Vera Modano. Dr. Ir. sturdy and reliable plastic, rubber, paper, cardboard, wood.

Within the scope of this technical task, it is an object of the present invention to provide a reactor which allows to obtain the desired products with a much lower energy expenditure than that of traditional cracking plants.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a reactor which allows to carry out the cracking reactions of incoherent materials without giving rise to oxidized products, therefore harmful, or to gases or vapors to be released into the atmosphere.

Not least object of the present invention is to accomplish the preceding task with a simple structure, relatively easy to implement in practice, safe in use and effective in operation, as well as relatively low cost.

This task and this purpose are achieved by the present reactor for the thermo-mechanical splitting of heterogeneous incoherent materials such as plastic, rubber, paper, cardboard, wood, of the type suitable for obtaining solid and / or liquid and / or gaseous products that can be industrially reused, characterized by the fact that it comprises at least one reaction chamber, made of non-magnetic material and thermally insulated with respect to the outside, circumscribed by at least one inductive copper winding carried by a high frequency current, and defining at least one opening for the introduction of the materials, at least one zone for mixing and splitting of the materials, at least one discharge port for the solid products deriving from the splitting and at least one port of

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Dr. I p.q. C'iicn Defensive Midfield, Mbaela N.

ιν ·. . ·. . v 'i. '' y at least one mixer shaft being arranged carrying a distribution of substantially radial magnetic material knives and associated with rotating actuation means for rotation at a predetermined speed and, along the walls, a distribution of bars in magnetic material substantially parallel to the axis of said mixer shaft, the passage of high frequency current in said winding being able to generate induced currents in said bars and in said blades to heat them to a predetermined temperature value, so as to obtain, in combination with the rotation of said mixer shaft, the splitting of incoherent materials into solid and / or liquid and / or gaseous products in the absence of air.

Further particularities will become clearer and more evident from the detailed description of a preferred, but not exclusive, embodiment of a reactor for the thermal splitting of heterogeneous incoherent materials such as plastic, rubber, paper, cardboard, wood according to the invention, illustrated by way of title indicative, but not limiting, in the accompanying tables of drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a sectional side view with a diametrical plane of the reactor for the thermal splitting of heterogeneous incoherent materials such as plastic, rubber, paper, cardboard, wood according to the invention;

- figure 2 is the section taken according to the plane of line II-II of figure 1. With particular reference to these figures, the reference number 1 globally indicates a reactor for the thermal splitting of heterogeneous incoherent materials such as plastic, rubber, paper, cardboard, wood according to the invention.

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... - N.

Dr. Ir.rj Guido Modano ro, ur. Ing. W emo c u, Dr. Ing. M; auro MÌngheti / Drlng. Michele Robbini The reactor 1 comprises a reaction chamber, indicated as a whole with 2, of substantially cylindrical conformation with a preferably vertical axis (but which could also be horizontal), made of non-magnetic material, for example of stainless steel or titanium; the reaction chamber 2 is supported by a sturdy frame 3 comprising a substantially square base 3a which extends to the side with a substantially rectangular structure 3b, both provided with feet 4 of adjustable height.

The reaction chamber 2 is suitably thermally insulated with respect to the external environment, being conveniently enclosed in an insulating casing 5.

The reaction chamber 2 is, according to the invention, circumscribed by at least one inductor copper winding 6 through which a high frequency current flows, and has a substantially tubular conformation for the passage of cooling liquids, in an essentially traditional way. The winding 6 is associated with means for generating high frequency current, not shown for simplicity in the figures.

The reaction chamber 2 defines a material introduction port 7, at least a mixing and splitting zone 8 of the incoherent materials, substantially located at the base of the chamber 2 itself, at least one discharge port 9 (figure 2) of the solid products deriving from the cleavage and at least one port 10 for taking the liquid and gaseous products deriving from the cleavage itself.

The mixing and splitting area 8 is delimited at the bottom by a flange 11 made of non-magnetic material, and at the top by at least one cap

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Dr. Ing. Mauro Minghi-ai, Dr. lag. Michele Rabbini 12 ata, at the same time, to allow the descent of incoherent materials and to prevent the ascent of solid products.

Inside the mixing zone 8 there is a mixer shaft 13, with a vertical axis, supported by upper and lower thrust bearings 14, mounted in respective seats 15 provided in the reaction chamber 2 (however it can also be supported only at the bottom); the mixing shaft 13 carries a distribution of bilateral knives 16, made of magnetic material, arranged substantially radial, and associated with rotating actuation means, indicated as a whole with 17, for rotation at a predetermined speed of the mixing shaft 13 itself.

The knives 16 and the cap 12 are fixed bilaterally along a cylindrical sleeve 18 keyed along the mixer shaft 13; the blades 16 are substantially axially equidistant with respect to each other, and are angularly offset with respect to each other by a predetermined angle, suitably chosen on the basis of the functional requirements of the reactor. The knives can be made inclined upwards or downwards, or even in both directions, so as to create mixing of the materials.

Inside the reaction chamber 2, and in particular inside the mixing area 8 along the side wall, there is a distribution of bars 19 made of magnetic material, arranged substantially parallel to the axis of the mixer shaft 13; such bars 19 have, for example, a substantially trapezoidal cross section with an inclined lateral side in accordance with the rotation of the mixer shaft. The trajectory of rotation of the terminal edges of the knives 16 is substantially close to the bars 19, for reasons which will become clearer in the following description.

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or Zai i! '.i ,. , · ·.;,!, Or. Ing. Mauro Minuetti, Dr. Ing.;, Icheie Rabbini The reactor comprises an upper screw 20, arranged substantially orthogonal to the reaction chamber 2 and communicating, airtight, with the inlet port 7 of the incoherent materials: the screw upper 20 is associated with first rotatable actuation members, not shown in Figure 1 but of an essentially traditional type, preferably consisting of a gearmotor assembly. The upper auger 20 for introducing the materials is housed inside a tubular jacket 21, which in turn is enclosed in a jacket for the heat exchange 22, insulated between the decomposed and fed products, which can thus be preheated. .

The reactor favorably comprises at least one condenser 23, of essentially traditional type, suitable for counter-current cooling of the gaseous products deriving from the splitting of the incoherent materials coming out of the reaction chamber 2 through the sampling port 10, products which are conveyed through a duct 24 descending and then collected through a lower discharge 25 of the condenser itself.

Advantageously, at least a substantially annular interspace 26 is provided, made in the jacket for the heat exchange 22 around the tubular jacket 21, which intercepts the duct 24 and therefore the flow of gaseous products taken from the reaction chamber 2 towards the condenser 23, thus obtain, as said, a preheating of the materials introduced into the chamber itself.

The reactor also comprises a lower screw 27 (Figure 2), substantially tangent to the reaction chamber 2 and enclosed in a respective tubular body 28 communicating with the discharge port 9 of the

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Dr. Ira.no, t-j sla N.

Minate tti, Dr. Ing. IVI-ci ie Rubbini solid products; the lower auger 27 is associated with second rotatable actuation members 29, preferably constituted by an electric gearmotor assembly.

The rotating actuation means 17 of the mixer shaft 13 comprise at least one gearmotor assembly 30, supported on a slide 31 sliding on the structure 3b by means of a screw belt tensioner 32 (so as to be adjustable in position), on whose output shaft it is rigidly keyed a driving pulley 33; the means 17 also comprise a driven pulley 34 rigidly keyed at the terminal end of the mixer shaft 13 protruding from the reaction chamber 2, and a transmission belt 35 closed in a ring on the driving pulley 33 and on the driven pulley 34.

The operation of the reactor according to the invention is as follows. The incoherent materials, for example plastic, rubber, paper, cardboard, wood, and others, after having been reduced to a suitable size, are introduced into the reaction chamber 2 by means of the upper screw 20, through the introduction port 7; with the reactor operating at full capacity, these incoherent materials are preheated thanks to the gaseous products of the reaction which pass through the interspace 26. The incoherent materials then descend into the mixing and cleavage area 8, thanks to the annular meatus which remains defined between the cap 12 and the inner wall of the reaction chamber 2; the same cap 12 then prevents the solid materials from rising towards the upper part of the reaction chamber 2.

To put the reactor into operation it is necessary to rotate the mixer shaft 13, at a predefined and suitable speed, and activate the

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Dr. i-Me./· ·), r; · .l iemo Zi. ':::. . <'> · - Dr. Iny. Mauro Mincjheiti, Dr, log. Michela Rabbini passage of current, of suitable amperage and high frequency in the winding 6.

This passage of current in the winding 6 is adapted, according to the invention, to generate induced currents in the bars 19 and consequently in the blades 16, both being made of magnetic material (the reaction chamber 2 is instead made of non-magnetic material), and the trajectory of rotation of the terminal edges of the blades 16 is substantially flush with the bars 19 themselves. For clarification only, Figure 2 shows a typical trend of these induced currents, indicated with I, substantially trilobed. These induced currents, according to Ohm's law, cause both the bars 19 and the blades 16 to heat up to a predetermined temperature value that can be determined at the user's discretion by varying parameters such as the current in the winding 6 and the speed of rotation of the mixer shaft 6. This consequently determines a heating of the whole mixing and splitting zone 8 of the incoherent materials, so as to obtain solid liquid and / or gaseous products (typically industrially reusable hydrocarbons) in the absence of air.

The solid products are then discharged outside by means of the lower screw 27 (to be reused or possibly eliminated), while the liquid and / or gaseous ones are collected through the duct 24 and condensed, in order to be then stored and used.

In the reactor according to the invention, therefore, the cracking at low temperatures, and in the absence of oxygen, of the incoherent materials introduced is obtained, and the organic molecules break without giving rise to oxidized products, therefore harmful, or to gases or vapors to be released in atmosphere.

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Dr. Ine ;. 0 ► • hate, M <'> OsIa N.

'I <■> .. ì. . <'>; e.7 \ 0

. Dr. Ug. Mauro MinrjiiOUi, LV. hQ. ·.>; " Rabbis The reactor also allows you to process materials that you usually don't

they are placed in traditional cracking plants.

The energy consumption for the reactor operation, thanks to the heating due to the induced currents generated in the rods and knives,

it is significantly lower than what is needed to make the

traditional systems.

It has thus been seen that the invention achieves the intended aim and objects.

The invention thus conceived is susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, all of them

falling within the scope of the inventive concept.

Furthermore, all the details can be replaced by other technically equivalent ones.

In the embodiment examples illustrated, individual characteristics, shown in

in relation to specific examples, they may actually be interchanged with

other different characteristics, existing in other embodiments.

Also it is to be noted that everything in the course of the procedure

obtaining the patent turns out to be already known, it is intended not to be

claimed and subject to excerpt (disclaimer) from the claims.

The implementation of the present invention will be carried out with the most scrupulous

compliance with the laws and regulations of the products

object of the invention or related to it and with prior authorization, if

necessary, of the relevant competent authorities with particular reference to

rules related to safety, environmental pollution and health.

In practice, the materials used, as well as the shapes and sizes, will be able to

be any according to the needs without leaving the scope

protection of the following claims.

I

Dr. Ina G "£ n f-'cc'lr-.nn, N. Mod <:> v. V -" <:>

Ϊ. Mauro MinghoLii, Dr. Ing. Ivlicnete Rubbini

Claims (1)

CLAIMS 1. Reactor for the thermo-mechanical splitting of heterogeneous incoherent materials such as plastic, rubber, paper, cardboard, wood, of the type suitable for obtaining industrially reusable solid and / or liquid and / or gaseous products, characterized by the fact that it includes at least one chamber reaction (2), made of non-magnetic material and thermally insulated with respect to the outside, circumscribed by at least one inductive copper winding (6) traversed by a high frequency current, and defining at least one opening for the introduction of the materials (7), at least a mixing and splitting area (8) of the materials, at least one discharge port (9) of the solid products deriving from the splitting and at least one sampling port (10) of the liquid and gaseous products deriving from the splitting, within said mixing area (8) being arranged at least one mixer shaft (13) carrying a distribution of substantially radial blades (16) made of magnetic material and associated with actuation means (17) for rotation at a predetermined speed and, along the walls, being provided a distribution of bars (19) made of magnetic material substantially parallel to the axis of said mixer shaft (13), the passage of high frequency current in said winding (6) being able to generate induced currents in said bars (19) and in said knives (16) to heat them to a predetermined temperature value, so as to obtain, in combination with the rotation of said mixer shaft (13 ), the splitting of incoherent materials into solid and / or liquid and / or gaseous products in the absence of air. 11 Dr. Ino. C <1> happy Modiano, Mlrasla N. 0. Pr! ·. Niemo Zar .:: Cr. the r.g. Mauro Ming. <'>. Tui, Dr. ir ■ g. Mie: ·, eie Rubbini. Reactor according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said rotating actuation means (17) of said mixer shaft (13) comprise at least one gearmotor assembly (30), supported in an adjustable position on a structure (3b), on the output shaft of which a drive pulley (33) is rigidly keyed, a driven pulley (34) rigidly keyed at the terminal end of said mixer shaft (13) protruding from said reaction chamber (2), and a closed transmission belt (35) ring-shaped on said driving pulley (33) and on said driven pulley (34). 3. Reactor according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises at least one upper screw (20), arranged substantially orthogonal to said reaction chamber (2) and communicating with said inlet port (7) of the incoherent materials, associated with first rotatable drive members. 4. Reactor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one lower screw (27), substantially tangent to said reaction chamber (2) and communicating with said discharge port (9) of the solid products, associated with second rotating actuation members (29). 5. Reactor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said mixing and splitting zone (8) is substantially located at the base of said reaction chamber (2) and is delimited at the bottom by at least one flange (11) made of material non-magnetic, laterally by the walls of said reaction chamber (2) and above by at least one cap (12) able, at the same time, to 12 Dr. lm. 0 :; Milan, Mr3⁄4 «! A N, t ;. -: <■> ·. <■ '> · i ::. n, Say: Ing. Memo Zi 'ii‘j: c !! TOr. ! ng. Mauro Min gioiti, Dr. Ing. Michele Rubbinl allow the descent of inconsistent materials and prevent the ascent of solid products. 6. Reactor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said cap (12) is made integral with a cylindrical sleeve (18) keyed along said mixer shaft (13). 7. Reactor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one capacitor (23) which can be activated to the cooling of the gaseous products deriving from the splitting of materials incoherent and leaking from said reaction chamber (2) through said pick-up port (10). 8. Reactor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one jacket for the insulated heat exchange (22), inside which said upper auger (20) for introducing the materials, defining at least a substantially annular interspace (26) which intercepts a duct (24) for the transport of gaseous products, taken from said chamber reaction (2), towards said condenser (23), thus obtaining a preheating of the materials introduced into said chamber (2). 9. Reactor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said knives (16) are fixed bilaterally along said sleeve (18), are substantially axially equidistant and are angularly offset relative to each other by a fixed angle. 10. Reactor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trajectory of rotation of the terminal edges 13 Ν. mo Mauro Mingheili, Dr. Incj. The end of said knives (16) substantially abuts said bars (19), so as to determine the generation of currents induced by said bars (19) to said knives (16). 11. Reactor according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized in that said copper winding (6) is tubular for the passage of cooling liquids. 14 Dr. \ r Guido for bones)